Patent Application
20130150374
The present invention relates to a novel arylalkylamine compound which has activating effect on Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) and useful as a medicament, and a process for preparing the same.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone having a physiological function which induces hone absorption to increase calcium (Ca) in blood, and has a role of maintaining homeostasis of Ca in blood. When hypersecretion of PTH is chronically continued, release of Ca from bone is continued whereby Ca concentration in blood increases and metabolic abnormality occurs. Thus, secretion and synthesis of PTH are strictly regulated by signal transmission through Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) which senses extracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration.
Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) is one of G protein-coupled receptors, and expressed on the surface of parathyroid cells, etc. When a compound (agonist) which activates the receptor binds to the receptor, it has been known that Ca2+ concentration in cells increases, and secretion of PTH from the cells of parathyroid is suppressed.
[Non-Patent Literature 2] Nemeth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. USA. 95:4040-4045, 1998);
[Non-Patent Literature 3] Brown. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 20:507-533, 2000;
[Non-Patent Literature 5] Coburn et al. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 9:123-132, 2000).
A compound having an activating effect on CaSR (CaSR agonist), that is, a compound which selectively acts on CaSR to mimic or strengthen the action of Ca2+ is also called as calcimimetics. On the other hand, a compound having an antagonistic effect on CaSR (CaSR antagonist), that is, a compound which suppresses or inhibits the action of Ca2+ is also called as calcilytics.
With regard to CaSR agonist (calcimimetics) or CaSR antagonist (calcilytics), the following reports have been made. For example, in WO93/04373, WO94/18959, WO95/11221, WO96/12697, WO97/41090, WO98/01417, WO00/21910, WO01/34562, WO02/12181), WO91/90069, WO03/99814 and WO03/99776, amine derivatives having an activating effect or antagonistic effect on CaSR have been disclosed. It has been also reported that a compound having an activating effect on CaSR is expected to show an ameliorating effect on hyperparathyroidism through lowering PTH concentration in blood.
The present invention is to provide a novel arylalkylamine compound having an excellent Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) activating effect and a process for preparing the same.
To solve the problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies and as a result, they have found an arylalkylamine compound having excellent CaSR activating effect whereby the present invention has been accomplished.
That is, the present invention relates to an arylalkylamine compound represented by the formula [I]:
[The symbols in the formula represent the following meanings,
Also, it relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing the above-mentioned arylalkylamine compound represented by the formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective ingredient.
Further, it relates to a method for treatment or prophylaxis comprising administering an effective amount of the above-mentioned compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient, and a use of the same for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition containing the above-mentioned compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective ingredient. Also, it relates to the above-mentioned compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a process for preparing the same.
In the objective compound [I] of the present invention, plural optical isomers may be present (for example, among the compound [I], when n is 2 or 3, there exists an optical isomer in which the carbon atom at the 3-position of the nitrogen-containing cyclic structure portion is an asymmetric center.). The present invention includes any of these isomers, and also includes a mixture thereof.
In the present invention, as the lower alkyl, the lower alkylthio, the lower alkylsulfonyl group, the lower alkoxy or the lower alkylamino, linear or branched ones having 1 to 6 carbon atoms may be mentioned, and particularly those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be mentioned.
Also, as the lower alkanoyl or the lower alkanoylamino, those having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, particularly those having 2 to 5 carbon atoms may be mentioned.
As the lower alkanoyl, either of lower alkyl-CO— or lower cycloalkyl-CO— is included.
As the lower cycloalkyl or the lower cycloalkenyl, those having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly those having 3 to 6 carbon atoms may be mentioned.
As the lower alkylene, linear or branced ones having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly having 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be mentioned.
As the lower alkenyl or the lower alkenylene, those having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, particularly those having 2 to 5 carbon atoms may be mentioned.
Moreover, as the halogen atom, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine may be mentioned.
Also, as the optionally substituted amino group, cyclic amino (1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-morpholinyl, etc.) is included.
In the objective compound [I] of the present invention, as the aryl portion of the “optionally substituted aryl” represented by Ar, monocyclic or bicyclic aryl may be mentioned.
More specifically for example, phenyl naphthyl, etc., may be mentioned.
As the heteroaryl portion of the “optionally substituted heteroaryl” represented by Ar, there may be mentioned bicyclic heterocyclic group comprising a monocyclic 5- to 6-membered hetero ring containing 1 or 2 hetero atoms (selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom) and a benzene ring being fused.
More specifically for example, benzothienyl etc., may be mentioned.
As substituent(s) of the “optionally substituted aryl” or the “optionally substituted heteroaryl” represented by Ar, halogen (F, Cl, Br, etc.), hydroxy, cyano, halo-lower alkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, etc., may be mentioned.
Among these, lower alkoxy group (methoxy, ethoxy etc.), lower alkyl (methyl etc.), etc. are preferable.
As the cyclic hydrocarbon group portion of the “optionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group” represented by R1, there may be mentioned, for example, monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, which may be saturated partially or completely.
More specifically, there may be mentioned, for example, monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms such as phenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl, etc., and bicyclic hydrocarbon group having 9 to 11 carbon atoms such as indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, etc.
Among these cyclic hydrocarbon group, preferred are monocyclic hydrocarbon group such as phenyl, cyclohexyl, etc., and a bicyclic hydrocarbon group such as indanyl, indentyl, etc.
Among these, the monocyclic hydrocarbon group is more preferred, and phenyl and cyclopropyl, etc. are particularly preferred.
As the heterocyclic group portion of the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” represented by R1, there may be mentioned saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic hetero ring containing 1 or more hereto atoms selected from nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom.
As the monocyclic ones, there may be mentioned hetero ring comprising saturated or unsaturated 5 to 7-membered ring, and containing 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom, etc.
Also, as the bicyclic ones, there may be mentioned hetero ring comprising two saturated or unsaturated 5 to 7-membered rings being fused, and containing 1 to 6 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom, etc.
As the monocyclic ones, more specifically, there may be mentioned, for example, monocyclic group such as pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxolanyl, thiolanyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, fury, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyradinyl, pyridazinyl, pyranyl, perhydroazepinyl, perhydrothiazephinyl, partially or completely saturated group thereof, and cyclic group in which hetero atom (N or S) of the above is/are oxidized (pyridyl-N-oxide, etc), etc.
Among these, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, piperazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyradinyl, pyridazinyl, etc. are preferred.
Also, as the bicyclic ones, there may be mentioned, for example, bicyclic group such as indolinyl, isoindolinyl, indolyl indazolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolanyl, benzothienyl, benzofuryl, thienopyridyl, thiazolopyridyl, pyrrolopyridyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, cyclopentapyrimidinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, phthalazinyl, cinnolinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, benzothiazinanyl, partially or completely saturated group thereof, and cyclic group in which a hetero atom (N or S) of the above is/are oxidized, etc.
Among these, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, benzothiazinanyl, etc. are preferred.
As the heterocyclic group portion of the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” represented by R1, among the above-mentioned monocyclic and bicyclic ones, the monocyclic ones are more preferred.
As substituent(s) of the “optionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group” or the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” represented by R1, for example, there may be mentioned those of the following Substituent group Q1.
[for example, optionally substituted lower alkanoyl
(which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, carboxy and hydroxy, etc.);
(which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, carboxy and hydroxy, etc.);
(which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, carboxy and hydroxy, etc.);
(lower alkoxycarbonyl which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, oxo, carboxy and hydroxy, etc.; carbonyl substituted by a group of D-glucuronic acid in which a hydrogen atom in hydroxy of its 2-position is eliminated, etc.);
which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from halogen; cyano; oxo; hydroxy; carboxy; lower alkyl which may be substituted by halogen, hydroxy, carboxy, lower alkoxy or halo-lower alkoxy, etc.; carbamoyl; lower alkylsulfonyl; and lower alkylfulfonylamino.);
(which may be mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from the following Substituent group Q2.);
and;
(which may be mono- or di-substituted by group(s) selected from the following Substituent group Q2.); etc.]
optionally substituted lower alkyl
[which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from halogen; hydroxy; carboxy; aryl (phenyl, etc.); lower cycloalkyl; lower alkoxy; mono- or di-lower alkylamino; lower alkanoylamino; aliphatic nitrogen-containing 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic group (pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, etc.) which may be substituted by oxo, etc.; and an acyl (lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxy carbonyl, carbamoyl morpholinocarbonyl, etc.); etc.];
optionally substituted lower cycloalkyl
(which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from hydroxy; hydroxyl lower alkyl; and aliphatic nitrogen-containing 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic group (pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, etc.) which may be substituted by oxo, etc.; etc.);
optionally substituted aliphatic nitrogen-containing 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic group (piperidinyl, etc.)
[which may be optionally substituted by 1 or plural groups selected from lower alkyl and acyl (lower alkanoyl lower alkylsulfonyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl mono or di-lower alkylaminosulfonyl mono or di-lower alkylaminocarbonyl etc.), etc.]; and tetrahydropyranyl.
When R1 is optionally substituted phenyl, the substituent(s) may desirably be carboxy, halogen (F, Cl, etc.), unsubstituted or substituted lower alkyl (carboxy-lower alkyl, halo-lower alkyl etc.), unsubstituted or substituted lower alkoxy (halo-lower alkoxy, etc.), acyl (lower alkylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, hydroxyl-lower alkylcarbamoyl, lower alkylaminosulfonyl, mono- or di-lower alkylamino lower alkylaminosulfonyl, etc.), or optionally substituted 5 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclic group (tetrazole or partially saturated group thereof, etc.), etc.
As the “lower alkyl” represented by R2, methyl or ethyl is preferred.
As the “lower alkyl” represented by R3 and R4, methyl or ethyl is preferred.
As the “lower alkyl” represented by R5, methyl or ethyl is preferred.
Among the compound [I] of the present invention, as a preferred ones, there may be mentioned a compound having the following partial structure:
that is,
a compound represented by the formula [I-e]:
[the symbols in the formula have the same meanings as mentioned above].
More preferred compound groups are those wherein X is single bonding arm, —CO— or —(CH2)m—CO—. More preferred compounds are those wherein n is 1 or 2, and X is single bonding arm, —CO— or —(CH2)m—CO—.
Or else, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein n is 2, and X is single bonding arm.
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein Ar is optionally substituted aryl.
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted naphthyl.
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein Ar is a group optionally substituted by group(s) selected from halogen, hydroxy cyano, halo-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkylthio.
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein Ar is a group optionally substituted by group(s) selected from lower alkyl and lower alkoxy.
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein the ring portion of the group represented by R1 is cyclic hydrocarbon group, or monocyclic heterocyclic group.
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein the cyclic group portion of the group represented by R1 is the following (i), (ii) or (iii).
Further, in any one of the above-mentioned compound groups, there may be mentioned compound groups wherein the cyclic group portion of the group represented by R1 is the following (i), (ii) or (iii).
The compound [I] of the present invention may be in a free form or in a form of pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
As the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, there may be mentioned, for example, inorganic acid salt such as hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate or hydrobromide, etc., organic acid salt such as acetate, fumarate, oxalate, citrate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate or maleate, etc. Also, when the compound has a substituent such as carboxyl group, etc., there may be mentioned a salt with a base (for example, alkali metal salt such as sodium salt potassium salt, etc. or alkaline earth metal salt such as calcium salt, etc.).
The compound [I] or a salt thereof of the present invention includes any of its intramolecular salt or adduct, or its solvate or hydrate, etc.
The objective Compound [I]0 (particularly Compound [I-e]) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the present invention has an excellent CaSR activating effect. The pharmaceutical composition containing the objective compound of the present invention as an effective ingredient is useful as an effective ingredient of a medicament for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases of which condition is expected to be improved by activation of CaSR and/or suppression of PTH production (and/or lowering of PTH level in blood through the same) [for example, hyperparathyroidism (primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism and ectopic hyperparathyroidism, etc.), etc.].
The objective compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention has an excellent activating effect on CaSR. Also, it has high selectivity on CaSR.
Moreover, the objective compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention shows various kinds of pharmacological effects through its activating effect on CaSR, in which production of PTH is suppressed, PTH level in blood is lowered in a living body, etc. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical composition containing the objective compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention as an effective ingredient can be used for activating CaSR. Also, the pharmaceutical composition can be used for suppressing production of PTH. Also, it can be used for lowering PTH level in blood in a living body. Also, the pharmaceutical composition can be used for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases of which condition is expected to be improved by activation of CaSR and/or suppression of PTH production (and/or lowering of PTH level in blood through the same).
The compounds having an activating effect on CaSR have been known to show ameliorating effect on hyperparathyroidism, through lowering of PTH concentration in blood as shown in, for example, WO93/04373, WO94/18959, WO95/11221, WO96/12697, WO97/41090, WO98/01417, WO03/99814 and WO03/99776.
Accordingly, the pharmaceutical composition containing as an effective ingredient the objective compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention can be used for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases of which condition is expected to be improved by activation of CaSR and/or suppression of PTH production (and/or lowering of PTH level in blood through the same), i.e., hyperparathyroidism (primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism and ectopic hyperparathyroidism, etc.), and the like.
A method of administering to a patient an effective amount of the compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention, and a use for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition containing as an effective ingredient the compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention are applied to the above-mentioned objects, and included in the present invention.
Pharmacological effects such as an activating effect on CaSR and suppressing effect on PTH-production, etc. of the compounds of the present invention can be confirmed by the known methods (WO97/37967, WO93/04373, WO94/18959, WO97/41090, Nemeth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 95:4040-4045, 1998; Racke and Nemeth, J. Physiol., 468: 163-176, 1993; and Nemeth et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 308:627-635, 2004), or an equivalent method thereto.
Also, for the test of the suppressing effect on PTH-production, for example, there may be suitable used a method in which an effect of a test compound is assayed by using parathyroid cells of rats.
This method contains the following steps.
(Parathyroid cells are collected from rats and they are subjected to primary culture.)
In more detail, it can be carried out in the same manner as mentioned in the following Experimental example 2.
According to this method, preparation of cells is easy as compared with the conventional method using parathyroid cells of big animals (bovine, etc.). Also, change in PTH production can be observed with incubation for a suitable period of time, so that the test can be carried out stably and efficiently. Moreover, it enables a test for a large number of test substances.
Furthermore, it is advantageous for selecting a substance which shows potent effect in a living body by using cells of an animal (rat) which is the same as disease model usually employed in in vivo test.
PTH level lowering effect in living body can be detected by in vivo test using a known animal model of hyperparathyroidism, etc.).
As such an animal model, there may be applied, for example, rat adenine model, rat model of 5/6-nephrectomy, etc., more specifically, for example, the method described in the following mentioned Experimental examples 3 and 4, etc., may be applied to.
When the compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention is used as an effective ingredient tor medical use, it can be used with an inert carrier suitable for each administration method, and can be formulated into conventional pharmaceutical preparation (tablets, granules, capsules, powder, solution, suspension, emulsion, injection, infusion, etc). As such a carrier, there may be mentioned, for example, a binder (Gum Arabic, gelatin, sorbitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.), an excipient (lactose, sugar, corn starch, sorbitol, etc.), a lubricant (magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, etc.), a disintegrator (potato starch, etc.) and the like, which are pharmaceutically acceptable. When they are used as an injection solution or an infusion solution, they can be formulated by using distilled water for injection, physiological saline, an aqueous glucose solution, etc.
An administration method of the compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention to be used for medical use is not particularly limited, and a usual oral or parenteral administration method (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, percutaneous, intranasal, and as others, transmucosal, enteral, etc.) can be applied to.
The dosage of the compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention to be used for medical use may be optionally set in a range of an effective amount sufficient for showing a pharmacological effect, in accordance with the potency or characteristics of the compound to be used as an effective ingredient. The dosage may vary depending on an administration method, or an age, a body weight or conditions of a patient, and a usual dosage is set, for example, to a suitable amount in the range of 0.001 to 300 mg/kg per day.
The objective compound [I] of the present invention can be prepared by the following [Method A], [Method B], [Method C], [Method D], [Method E], [Method F], but the present invention is not limited by these.
(wherein Z1 represents a reactive residue, and the other symbols have the same meanings as defined above.)
Among the objective compounds [I] of the present invention, the compound represented by the formula [I-a] wherein X is single bonding arm can be prepared, for example, as follows.
First, the compound represented by the formula [11] or a salt thereof is reacted with the compound represented by the formula [12], and if desired, the resulting compound is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain the objective Compound [I-a].
As the reactive residue represented by Z1, a conventionally used reactive residue such as halogen atom, lower alkylsulfonyloxy group, arylsulfonyloxy group, etc., can be suitably used, and halogen atom is particularly preferred.
As a salt of Compound [11], there may be used, for example, a salt with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloride, sulfate, etc.
The reaction in the above-mentioned Method A can be carried out, for example, as shown in the following Reaction A1, or Reaction A2.
The reaction of Compound [11] or a salt thereof and Compound [12] can be carried out, for example, in a suitable solvent, and in the presence of a catalyst and a base.
As the catalyst, there may be suitably used a palladium catalyst [for example, palladium acetate, trisdibenzylideneacetone dipalladium, etc.].
Further, in order to accelerate the reaction, a trivalent phosphorus compound such as triphenylphosphine, BINAP (2,2′-bis(di-phenylphosphino-1,1′-binaphthyl)), biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butylphosphane, etc., may be added. Particularly, when a divalent palladium catalyst (palladium acetate, etc.) having no ligand is used as a catalyst, a trivalent phosphorous compound is added.
As the base, there may be suitably used, for example, cesium carbonate (Cs2CO2), sodium butoxide, an alkali metal amide (lithium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, etc.), etc.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at 0 to 150° C., particularly at room temperature to 120° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, tert-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, xylene or a mixture thereof.
The reaction of Compound [11] or a salt thereof and Compound [12] can be carried out, for example, in a suitable solvent in the presence of a base.
As such a base, there may be suitably used an inorganic base (for example, alkali metal hydride such as sodium hydride, etc., alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc., alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium butoxide, sodium methoxide, etc.) or an organic base (for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, dimethylaniline, dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), etc.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at 20 to 200° C., particularly at 70 to 140° C.
As the solvent, there may be suitably used acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, tert-butanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, xylene or a mixture thereof.
(wherein the symbols have the same meanings as defined above.)
Among the objective compound [I] of the present invention, the compound represented by the formula [I-b] in which X is —CH2— can be prepared, for example, as follows.
First, the compound represented by the formula [11] or a salt thereof is reacted with a compound represented by the formula [13], and if desired, the resulting compound is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain the objective Compound [I-b].
As a salt of Compound [11], similar salts as mentioned above can be used.
The reaction of Compound [11] or a salt thereof and Compound [13] can be carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a reducing agent.
As the reducing agent, there may be suitably used sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, etc.
Further, in order to accelerate the reaction, an organic acid such as acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. is preferably added.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at 0 to 60° C., particularly at 20 to 40° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, 1,2-dimethyxyethane, xylene or mixture thereof. Among them, methylene chloride is particularly preferably used.
[wherein X1 represents —CO—, —(CH2)m—CO—, —CH(R2)—CO—, —(CH2)p—Y—(C(R3)(R4))q—CO—, or —N(R5)—CO—, and other symbols have the same meanings as defined above.]
Among the objective compounds [I] of the present invention, the compound represented by the formula [I-c] wherein X is —CO—, —(CH2)m—CO—, —CH(R2)—CO—, —(CH2)p—Y—(C(R3)(R4))q—CO—, or —N(R5)—CO— can be prepared, for example, as mentioned below.
First the compound represented by the formula [11] or a sail thereof is reacted with the compound represented by the formula [14a] or [14b], and if desired, the resulting compound is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain the objective Compound [I-c].
As a salt of Compound [II], the same salt as mentioned above can be used.
The reaction of Compound [11] or a salt thereof and Compound [14a] can be carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a base.
As such a base, an organic base (for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, dimethylaniline, dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), etc. may be preferably used.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at −20 to 50° C., particularly preferably at 10 to 30° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not shown an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, xylene or a mixture thereof.
Also, the reaction of Compound [11] or a salt thereof and Compound [14b] can be carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a condensing agent, and if necessary in the presence or absence of an additive and/or a base.
As the condensing agent, there may be suitably used O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide); chloroformic acid esters (for example, ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate), carbonyldimidazole, etc.
Further, in order to accelerate the reaction, an additive such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxysuccineimide, etc., or a base may be added together with the above-mentioned condensing agent.
As such a base, there may be suitably used an organic base (for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, dimethylaniline, dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), alkali metal carbonate (sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.), etc.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at 0 to 100° C., particularly preferably at 20 to 50° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, xylene or a mixture thereof.
[the symbols in the formula have the same meanings as defined above.]
Among the objective compounds [1] of the present invention, the compound represented by the formula [I-d] wherein X is —NH—CO— can be prepared, for example, as mentioned below.
First, the compound represented by the formula [11] or a salt there of is reacted with the compound represented by the formula [15], and if desired, the resulting compound is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain the objective Compound [I-d].
As a salt of Compound [11], the same salt as mentioned above can be used.
The reaction of Compound [11] or a salt thereof and Compound [15] can be carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence or absence of a base.
As such a base, there may be suitably used an inorganic base (for example, alkali metal hydride such as sodium hydride, etc., alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc., alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium butoxide, etc., alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.) or an organic base (for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, dimethylaniline, dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), etc.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at 0 to 60° C., particularly preferably at 10 to 30° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not shown an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, xylene or a mixture thereof.
(wherein the symbols have the same meanings as defined above.)
The objective Compound [I-a] can be also prepared, for example, as follows.
First, a compound represented by the formula [21] or a salt thereof is reacted with a compound represented by the formula [22] to obtain a compound represented by the formula [23]. This is applied to an oxidation reaction to obtain a compound represented by the formula [24]. Compound [24] is reacted with a compound represented by the formula [25] or a salt thereof, and if desired, the resulting compound is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain the objective Compound [I-a].
As a salt of Compound [21] and [25], there may be used, for example, a salt with an inorganic acid such as a hydrochloride, a sulfate, etc.
The respective reactions in Method E can be carried out as follows.
The reaction of Compound [21] or a salt thereof and Compound [22] can be carried out in a suitable solvent and in the presence of a copper reagent.
As the copper reagent, copper acetate, etc. can be suitably used.
Further, in order to accelerate the reaction, a base is added. As such a base, there may be suitably used, for example, triethylamine, pyridine, etc.
Also, when water is mixed into the reaction system, the reaction rate is lowered. Accordingly, to prevent such a matter, a dehydrating agent such as Molecular Sieve 4A, etc. may be added in the reaction system.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at 0 to 40° C., particularly preferably at 10 to 30° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, methylene chloride, dichloroethane or a mixture thereof, and, methylene chloride is particularly suitable.
Oxidation reaction of Compound [23] can be carried out according to the conventional method, and it can be carried out, for example, in a suitable solvent in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
As the oxidizing agent, there may be suitably used oxalyl chloride-dimethylsulfoxide, sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex, etc.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at −70 to 40° C., particularly preferably at −70 to 20° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, methylene chloride, etc., when oxalyl chloride-dimethylsulfoxide is used as an oxidizing agent, and suitably used dimethylsulfoxide when sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex is used as an oxidizing agent.
The reaction of Compound [24] and Compound [25] or a salt thereof can be carried out in the same manner as in the reaction of Compound [11] and Compound [13] in the above-mentioned Method B.
(wherein the symbols have the same meanings as defined above.)
The objective Compound [I-b] can be also prepared, for example, as follows.
First, a compound represented by the formula [21] or a salt thereof is reacted with the above-mentioned Compound [13] to obtain a compound represented by the formula [26]. This is applied to an oxidation reaction to obtain a compound represented by the formula [27]. Compound [27] is reacted with the above-mentioned Compound [25] or a salt thereof, and if desired, the resulting compound is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain the objective Compound [I-b].
The respective reactions in Method F can be carried out as follows.
The reaction of Compound [21] or a salt thereof and Compound [13] can be carried out in the same manner as in the reaction of the above-mentioned Compound [11] and Compound [13].
The oxidation of Compound [26] can be carried out in the same manner as in the oxidation of the above-mentioned Compound [23].
The reaction of Compound [27] and Compound [25] or a salt thereof can be carried out in the same manner as in the reaction of the above-mentioned Compound [24] and Compound [25].
Compound [11] which is a starting compound in the above-mentioned Method A, Method B, Method C and Method D can be prepared, for example, as follows.
(wherein Q represents a protective group for amino group, and the other symbols have the same meanings as defined above.)
First, a compound represented by the formula [31] or a salt thereof is reacted with the above-mentioned Compound [25] or a salt thereof to obtain a compound represented by the formula [33].
Or else, Compound [31] is applied to oxidation to obtain a compound represented by the formula [32]. This is reacted with the above-mentioned Compound [25] or a salt thereof to obtain Compound [33].
By removing a protective group for amino group from Compound [33], Compound [11] can be obtained.
As the protective group for amino group represented by Q, any of the conventionally used protective groups for amino group such as t-butoxycarbonyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group, trifluoroacetyl group, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group, etc. can be suitably used.
The respective reactions can be carried out as follows.
The reaction of Compound [31] and Compound [25] or a salt thereof can be carried out in a suitable solvent, in the presence of anhydrous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, etc. and in the presence of a base. As such a base, there may be suitably used, for example, an organic base such as diisopropylethylamine, etc., and the like.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at −50° C. to room temperature, particularly preferably as −20° C. to room temperature.
The solvent may be any one which does nut show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, xylene or a mixture thereof, and, particularly methylene chloride can be suitably used.
The oxidation of Compound [31] can be carried out in the same manner as in the oxidation of the above-mentioned Compound [23].
The reaction of Compound [32] and Compound [25] or a salt thereof can be carried out in the same manner as in the reaction of the above-mentioned compound [24] and Compound [25].
Or else, it can be carried out by using titanium tetraisopropoxide, etc. as a condensing agent, and using sodium borohydride, etc., as a reducing agent.
Removal of the protective group for amino group (Q) from Compound [33] can be carried out in a conventional manner, and can be carried out, for example, by an acid treatment, a base treatment or a catalytic reduction, in a suitable solvent or without a solvent.
When n is 2 or 3, in Compound [33] and Compound [11], there exist optical isomers in which the carbon atom at the 3-position of the nitrogen-containing ring is a chiral center.
Such optically active Compound [33] and Compound [11] can be prepared from a diastereomer mixture [33], for example, as follows.
First, Compound [33] is reacted with a phosgene, and the resulting products (diastereomer mixture) are purified and separated by crystallization and/or column chromatography, if desired, to obtain optically active compounds represented by the formula [34a] and formula [34b].
Or else, an optically active compounds can be similarly obtained by reacting a carbamoyl chloride diastereomer mixture with an alcohol (tert-butanol, etc.) and separating the resulting carbamate diastereomer mixture using a column.
Compound [34a] or Compound [34b] is reacted with H2O to obtain a compound represented by the formula [33a] and formula [33b].
By removing a protective group for amino group from Compound [33a] or Compound [33b], the compound represented by the formula [11a] or formula [11b] can be prepared.
The reaction of Compound [33] and a phosgene (triphosgene, diphosgene, carbonyldiimidazole, 4-nitrophenylchloroformate, etc.) can be carried out in a suitable solvent in the presence of a base.
As such a base, there may be suitable used an organic base (for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, dimethylaniline, dimethylaminopyridine, etc.), etc.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at −40 to 40° C., particularly preferably at −20° C. to room temperature.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, xylene or a mixture thereof, and, particularly, methylene chloride can be suitably used.
The reaction of Compound [34a] or Compound [34b] and H2O can be carried out in a suitable solvent.
The present reaction suitably proceeds at room temperature to 120° C., particularly preferably at 70 to 100° C.
The solvent may be any one which does not show an adverse affect on the reaction, and there may be suitably used, for example, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, xylene or a mixture thereof.
Removal of the protective group for amino group (Q) from Compound [33a] or Compound [33b] can be carried out in the same manner as in the removal of the protective group for amino group from the above-mentioned Compound [33].
Other starting compound can be prepared in the same manner according to the known methods and/or the methods described in the following reference examples.
Also, the objective Compound [1] prepared by the above-mentioned preparation methods (Method A, Method B, Method C, Method D, Method E, Method F) can be further structurally converted into the other objective Compound [I] according to the methods described in the following Examples and/or the known methods or combination thereof.
Compound [1] according to the present invention or a starting compound thereof prepared as mentioned above, can be isolated and purified as a free form or a salt thereof. The salt can be prepared by a conventional method for preparation of a salt. Isolation and purification can be carried out by conventional chemical procedures such as extraction, concentration, crystallization, filtration, recrystallization, various kinds of chromatography, etc.
in the following, the present invention is illustrated in more detail by Examples, but these Examples do not limit the present invention.
In Table A1, Table A2, Table B, Table CD, Table EF, Table X, Table Y and Reference example Table at the end of the specification, chemical structures and physical properties, etc., of the compounds of Examples and Reference examples are shown.
In Tables, MS·APCI (m/z) indicate mass spectrometric data (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrum).
Moreover, in the abbreviations in the present specification are as follows;
“Me” represents methyl group,
“Et” represents ethyl group, and
“Bu” represents butyl group, respectively.
In vitro Test Using CaSR Expressing Cells
CaSR is a member of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). When CaSR of cells are activated by stimulating with extracellular Ca2+ ion or an agonist (a compound having CaSR activating effect), etc., phospholipase C (PLC) is activated through G protein (Gq), and an intracellular calcium concentration is increased.
Thus, an activating effect on CaSR was examined by using CaSR expressing cell line and referring to change in an intracellular calcium concentration as an index. Preparation of cell strains and a test using the same are more specifically, carried out as mentioned in the following (1) and (2).
cDNA fragment encoding human CaSR was obtained from human kidney derived cDNA library by PCR.
[Primer to be used for PCR was designed based on known nucleic acid sequence information on human CaSR (GenBank/EMBL accession no. D50855; GenBank/EMBL accession no. NM000388;
Aida et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 214:524-529, 1995;
Garrett et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270; 12919-12925, 1995, etc.). Also, the foil length cDNA encoding CaSR was obtained first as three divisional parts.]
These cDNA fragments were adequately connected to an expression vector to obtain a plasmid for expressing a functional human CaSR in animal cells.
Also, this human CaSR expression plasmid was transfected to CHO cells with a Gα16 expression plasmid [a plasmid which is to express a α subunit (α16) of G protein], and selected from a medium containing neomycin (G418) to obtain stable expressing cell line.
The obtained cell line stably expressed CaSR of human and α16 subunit of G protein.
By using the CaSR expressing cell line obtained in the above-mentioned (1), change in an intracellular calcium concentration was measured at the time when the cells were stimulated in the presence or in the absence of a test compound as follows.
First, cells were collected using a cell scraper, suspended in a solution comprising Hepes buffer [10 mM Hepes (7.3), 10 mM glucose, 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2] to which 0.1% cremophor and 3 μM Fura-2 had been added, and reacted at 37° C. for 1 hour under the conditions wherein a test compound of various concentrations (or conditions not added).
After being washed, the cells suspended in Hepes buffer were seeded to a plate (about 2×105 cells per 1 well of 96-well plate), and fluorescent intensity (Ratio of 340/380 nm) was measured using FEDSS (Functional Drug Screening Sysystem; Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.) to examine change in intracellular calcium concentrations.
CaSR activating effect was confirmed basing on the value (change in an intracellular calcium concentration) measured in the reaction carried out in the presence of the test compound, a CaSR activating ability was confirmed.
Also, from the measured values (change in an intracellular calcium concentration) of the lest compound with various concentrations, a concentration/response curve was drawn to obtain an EC50 value (concentration of agonist giving a half maximal response).
In vitro Test Using Rat Parathyroid Cells
By using primary cultured cells prepared from the paramyloid in rats, suppressing effect on PTH production was examined according to the following in vitro test.
Thirty-six 10-weeks old male CD (SD) IGS rats (Crj series, grade: SPF, CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES JAPAN, INC.) were euthanasically sacrificed under ether anesthesia, the thyroid gland together with the parathyroid glands were cut out under sterilized conditions, and preserved in ITS-containing DMEM/F-12 medium (low Ca). The parathyroid glands were separated from the obtained material under observation by stereoscopic microscope, and collected in the same medium. Next, the medium was discarded, the parathyroid glands were washed with a phosphate buffer solution (PBS(−)) containing no calcium and magnesium ions, 5 ml of a collagenase solution [PBS(−) containing 1.5 mg/ml of collagenase type IV (Gibco Co., catalogue No. 17104-019)] was added and digested at 37° C. for 1 hour with shaking. After digestion, the enzyme solution was discarded, the parathyroid glands were quickly minced with a scalpel in a laboratory dish, and were collected in 7 ml of a collagenase solution, and digested again at 37° C. for 90 minutes with shaking.
Cell debris was removed using ceil strainer, the residue was removed, and then, the cells were collected. They were washed twice with an ITS-containing DMEM/F-12 medium (low Ca) containing 5% FCS, and suspended in the same medium. The parathyroid cells were suspended at the concentration of about 5×104 cells/ml, and were seeded to 96-well plate (200 μl/well), and cultured (pre-culture) at 37° C. for about 24 hours in a CO2 incubator.
The ITS-containing DMEM/F-12 medium (low Ca) to be used mentioned above was prepared as follows. Ca-free DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) (Gibco Co., catalogue No. 21068-028) (500 ml), F-12 (F-12 nutrient mixture: Gibco Co., catalogue No. 11765-054) (500 ml) and 10 ml of ITS (a mixture containing 5 μg/ml of insulin, 5 μg/ml of transferrin and 5 ng/ml of selenium) (ITS+Premix; BD Biosciences Co., catalogue No. 35435) were mixed. To the mixture was dissolved 3.5745 g of HEPES (NACALAI TESQUE Co., catalogue No. 17547-95), and 10 ml of 200 mM L-glutamine (Gibco Co., catalogue No. 25030-081) and 1 ml of Penicillin-Streptomycin solution (100× Penicillin-Streptomycin, liquid; Gibco Co., catalogue No. 15140-122) were added, and the resulting mixture was sterilized by filtration, and then, used. Ca concentration in the medium is about 0.15 mM.
Rat parathyroid cells were pre-cultured as mentioned in the above (1), then, the medium was changed, and the cells were cultured for 22 to 24 hours in a medium to which a test compound and CaCl2 had been added (96-well plate, 200 μl/well). Various concentrations of the test compound and CaCl2 were added to a serum-free ITS-containing DMEM/F-12 medium (low Ca), and the resulting medium was used. When the test compound is to be added, CaCl2 was added so that the Ca concentration became 1.15 mM. After culture, culture supernatant was collected, cells, etc. were removed therefrom by centrifugation, and was preserved at −80° C.
PTH (1-84) in the above-mentioned culture supernatant was measured by the ELISA Method, and determined as a PTH production value. Measurement of PTH (1-84) was carried out by using a kit (Rat Intact PTH ELISA kit; Immutopics Co., catalogue No. 60-2500).
Based on the measured value (PTH production value), of the test compounds, the inhibition rate in PTH production was calculated. In the calculation, for the convenience sake, a PTH production value (A) in culture with 1.15 mM CaCl2-containing medium (no test compound added) was set as a maximum production value, and a PTH production value (B) in culture with 2.15 mM CaCl2-containing medium (no test compound added) was set as a minimum production, and inhibition rate was calculated from the following formula.
Inhibition rate in PTH production (%)={(A)−(PTH production value in the presence of 1.15 mM CaCl2 and the test compound with various concentrations)}/{(A)−(B)}×100 (when PTH production value obtained in the presence of the test compound is the same as the maximum production level, then the inhibition rate is 0%, and when it is the same as the minimum production level, then the inhibition rate is 100%.)
IC50 value was measured from the PTH production-suppressing ratio in the presence of the test compound with various kinds of concentrations.
IC50 value was calculated by using a software for plotting a concentration/response curve (Graphpad PRISM 3.0; Graphpad Software Co.).
in vivo Test Using Rat Adenine Model
As an animal model of hyperparathyroidism, rat adenine model was used, and an effect on a PTH level in blood (lowering effect on PTH in blood) was examined according to the following, in vivo test.
Male CD (SD) IGS rats (10-weeks old or so) (Crj, grade: SPF, CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES JAPAN, INC.) were used.
After acclimation for 7 days, during which rats were fed with standard diet (CRF1), rats were provided with adenine diet (0.75% adenine-containing high phosphorus-low calcium diet (Ca: 0.5%, Pi: 1.2%); supplied by Oriental Bioservice Inc.), and bred for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, heparin-treated blood (250 μl) was collected from the respective rats under ether anesthesia. Blood was collected from jugular vein using 25G (0.50×25 mm)-needle-tipped syringe, and after collection of the blood, and then, subjected to astriction. Collected blood was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 3 minutes, and then, supernatant was collected as a plasma sample.
PTH (PTH (1-84)) in the plasma was measured by ELISA.
PTH (1-84) was measured in the same manner as in item (2) of the above-mentioned Experimental example 2.
Based on the results, rats in which a PTH concentration in blood was sufficiently raised were selected, and divided into groups such that average PTH concentration of each animal groups do not vary, and subjected to the test.
On the next day, blood (400 μl) was collected prior to the administration of the test compound, and then, the test compound was orally administered. After 1, 4 and 24 hours following administration, 400 μl of blood at each time point was collected, and plasma obtained by centrifugation was preserved at −80° C. (or −20° C.),
PTH in the preserved plasma was measured in the same manner as mentioned above.
According to this procedure, PTH-lowering effect of the test compound was confirmed.
in vivo Test Using Rat Model 5/6-Nephrectomy
Rat mode of 5/6-nephrectomy was used as an animal model of hyperparathyroidism. An effect on PTH level in blood (lowering effect on PTH in blood) was examined by the following in vivo test.
First, 5/6-nephrectomy was prepared as follows.
Male CD (SD) IGS rats (10-weeks old or so) (Crj, grade: SPF, CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES JAPAN, INC.) were used.
A part (2/3) of rat's left kidney was removed, and one week after, the right kidney was removed.
After one week following the removal of the right kidney, rats were provided with high phosphrus-low calcium diet (Ca: 0.5%, Pi: 1.2%). One week after the initiation of providing the high phosphrus-low calcium diet, blood was collected from jugular vein to prepare a blood plasma sample. Body weight, and PTH, Ca, P and BUN concentrations in blood were measured, and the rats were divided into groups based on the results obtained.
Test compound was orally administered once a day to the animals prepared as mentioned above for two weeks, and blood was collected twice a week immediately before administration of the test compound. PTH, Ca, P and BUN concentrations in blood samples were measured.
According to this procedure, PTH-lowering effect of the test compound was confirmed.
With respect to the compound of the present invention, in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Experimental examples 2 and 3, the results of measurement of the activating effect on CaSR and the suppressing effect on PTH production were show in the following table.
Also, with regard to these compounds, in vivo test using rat adenine model was carried out in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Experimental example 4, and as a result, these compounds showed an lowering effect on PTH level in blood, in oral administration, as compared with the control group in which no test compound to be tested was administered.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 1.001, compounds of Example 1.002 to 1.081 m the following Table A1 were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 1.082, the compound of Example 1.083 in the following Table A1 was obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 2.001, the compounds of Example 2.002 to 2.009 in the following Table A2 were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 2.010, the compounds of Example 2.011 to 2.018 in the following Table A2 were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 3.001, the compounds of Example 3.002 to 3.011 in the following table A3 were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 3.012, the compounds of Example 3.013 to 3.016 in the following Table A3 were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 3.018, the compounds of Examples 3.019 to 3.022 in the following Table A3 were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 4.001, the compounds of Examples 4.002 to 4.038 in the following Table B were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 5.001, the compounds of Examples 5.002 to 5.016 in the following Table C were obtained.
To solution of 125.3 mg of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]pyrrolidine dihydrochloride in 5 ml of DMF were added 81.6 mg of (3-trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid, 84.3 mg of 1-[3-(dimethylaminopropyl)]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 67.3 mg of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, and 153 μl of triethylamine, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and ethyl acetate, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was washed with water and then dried, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purified by thin layer silica gel chromatography (chloroform:methanol=19:1) to obtain 145.7 mg of (S)-3-[(R)-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]-1-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylpyrrolidine (Example 5.017 in the following Table C).
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 5.017, the compounds of Example 5.018 to 5.056 in the following Table C were obtained.
To a suspension of 94 mg of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]pyrrolidine dihydrochloride in 5 ml of methylene chloride were added 56 mg of (3-trifluoromethyl)phenylisocyanate and 140 μl of triethylamine, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and chloroform, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was dried, the solvent was evaporated, and then, the residue was purified by thin layer silica gel chromatography (chloroform:methanol=19:1) to obtain 125.2 mg of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]pyrrolidin-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl)phenylamide (Example 6.001 in the following table).
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 6.001 the compounds of Example 6.002 in the following Table C were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 7.001, the compounds of Examples 7.002 to 7.007 in the following Tables EF were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 8.001, the compounds of Examples 8.002 to 8.011 in the following Table EF were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 5.017, the compounds of Examples 9.001 to 9.012 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 5.001, the compounds of Examples 9.013 to 9.015 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 1.082, the compounds of Examples 10.001 to 10.007 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 3.001, the compounds of Examples 11.001 to 11.004 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 3.017, the compounds of Examples 11.003 to 11.080 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 12.003, the compounds of Examples 12.004 to 12.008 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 12.009, the compounds of Examples 12.010 to 12.016 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 12.017, the compounds of Examples 12.018 to 12.023 in the following Table X were obtained.
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 12.024, the compounds of Examples 12.025 to 12.027 in the following Table X were obtained.
In 1 ml of ethanol were dissolved 70 mg of (S)-1-(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]amine which was obtained in the above-mentioned Example 12.025 and 8 μl of hydrazine hydrate, and the mixture was headed under refluxing overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and to a solid obtained by concentration under reduced pressure were added 0.5 ml of ethyl acetate and 4 ml of ether. The solid was pulverized, collected by filtration, and dried to obtain 31 mg of (S)-1-(3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-6-yl)phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]amine (the following Table X, Example 12.029).
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned Example 13.001, the compounds of Examples 13.002 to 13.003 in the following Table Y were obtained.
By using tert-butyl (R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate, the same procedures were carried out as in Reference example 1.003 (1) and (2) to obtain (S)-3-[(R)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]pyrrolidine dihydrochloride (Reference example 1.004 in the following Reference example Table).
Also, by using 21.8 g of tert-butyl (R)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate, the same procedure was carried out to obtain 15.92 g of (R)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]pyrrolidine dihydrochloride (the following Reference example 1.005(b)).
Also, by using 15.58 g of tert-butyl (R)-3-[chlorocarbonyl-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1yl)ethyl]amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate, the same procedure was carried out as mentioned above to obtain 7.03 g of tert-butyl (R)-3-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (the following Reference example Table, Reference example 1.006(b)).
That is, to a solution of 27.27 g of 1-benzhydrylazetan-3-ol dissolved in 225 ml of dimethylsulfoxide was added 135.5 ml of triethylamine, 59.80 g of sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex was added thereto under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours. To the reaction mixture were added water and ethyl acetate, the mixture was stirred and the liquids were separated. The organic layer was washed with a saturated brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=15:1) to obtain 21.35 g of 1-benzhydrylazetidin-3-one.
After collecting the resulting precipitates by filtration, the product was recrystallized from methanol and hexane, and washed with diethyl ether to obtain 5.86 g of 3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]azetidine dihydrochloride (the following Reference example Table, Reference example 2.001).
Moreover, by using 4.7 g of benzyl (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine-1-carboxylate, the same treatment was carried out as in the above-mentioned (6) to obtain 2.89 g of (S)-3-[(R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethylamino]piperidine, MS·APCI (m/z): 255 [M+H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 381[M + H]+
APCI: 385[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 385[M + H]+
APCI: 385[M + H]+
APCI: 335[M + H]+
APCI: 335[M + H]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 342[M + H]+
APCI: 342[M + H]+
APCI: 331[M + H]+
APCI: 331[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 342[M + H]+
APCI: 417[M + H]+
APCI: 431[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 386[M + H]+
APCI: 386[M + H]+
APCI: 386[M + H]+
APCI: 386[M + H]+
APCI: 418[M + H]+
APCI: 319[M + H]+
APCI: 385[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 342[M + H]+
APCI: 331[M + H]+
APCI: 331[M + H]+
APCI: 331[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 385[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 417[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H]+
APCI: 343[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 352[M + H]+
APCI: 386[M + H]+
APCI: 386[M + H]+
APCI: 348[M + H]+
APCI: 319[M + H]+
APCI: 387[M + H]+
APCI: 349[M + H]+
APCI: 324[M + H]+
APCI: 356[M + H]+
APCI: 356[M + H]+
APCI: 356[M + H]+
APCI: 345[M + H]+
APCI: 345[M + H]+
APCI: 345[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 399[M + H]+
APCI: 399[M + H]+
APCI: 415[M + H]+
APCI: 415[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 332[M + H]+
APCI: 346[M + H]+
APCI: 346[M + H]+
APCI: 346[M + H]+
APCI: 333[M + H]+
APCI: 359[M + H]+
APCI: 371[M + H]+
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 352[M + H]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 344[M + H]+
APCI: 400[M + H]+
APCI: 400[M + H]+
APCI: 357[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 358[M + H]+
APCI: 319[M + H]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H − 16]+
APCI: 319[M + H]+
APCI: 318[M + H − 16]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
APCI: 353[M + H]+
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
APCI: 361[M + H]+
APCI: 361[M + H]+
APCI: 375[M + H]+
APCI: 375[M + H]+
APCI: 395[M + H]+
APCI: 379[M + H]+
APCI: 379[M + H]+
APCI: 375[M + H]+
APCI: 375[M + H]+
APCI: 375[M + H]+
APCI: 389[M + H]+
APCI: 388[M + H]+
APCI: 416[M + H]+
APCI: 473[M + H]+
APCI: 431[M + H]+
APCI: 474[M + H]+
APCI: 404[M + H]+
APCI: 395[MH+]
APCI: 429[M + H]+
APCI: 420[M + H]+
APCI: 479[M + H]+
APCI: 425[M + H]+
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
APCI: 379[M + H]+
APCI: 379[M + H]+
APCI: 345[M + H]+
APCI: 395[M + H]+
APCI: 399[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 415[M + H]+
APCI: 431[M + H]+
APCI: 431[M + H]+
APCI: 431[M + H]+
APCI: 399[M + H]+
APCI: 399[M + H]+
APCI: 399[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 365[M + H]+
APCI: 349[M + H]+
APCI: 345[M + H]+
APCI: 345[M + H]+
APCI: 356[M + H]+
APCI: 361[M + H]+
APCI: 415[M + H]+
APCI: 374[M + H]+
APCI: 467[M + H]+
APCI: 337[M + H]+
APCI: 334[M + H]+
APCI: 338[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 371[M + H]+
APCI: 382[M + H]+
APCI: 384[M + H]+
APCI: 412[M + H]+
APCI: 387[M + H]+
APCI: 351[M + H]+
APCI: 385[M + H]+
APCI: 401[M + H]+
APCI: 413[M + H]+
APCI: 429[M + H]+
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-158467 | May 2004 | JP | national |
This application is a Divisional of pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/597,966, filed on May 4, 2007, which is the national phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2005/009795 which has an International filing date of May 27, 2005, which designated the United States of America, and also claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2004-158467 filed May 28, 2004, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11597966 | May 2007 | US |
| Child | 13717448 | US |
