Patent Application
20210246834
The present invention relates to the field of aircraft turbine engines, and more precisely to turbine engines comprising a fan driven by a reducing gear, which is known for example from document FR 2 987 402 A1.
The invention relates in particular to managing the lubrication of the reducing gear, in case of autorotation of the fan.
In aircraft turbine engines comprising a fan driven by a reducing gear, the latter is generally arranged in a lubricated casing through which lubricant supplied by a pump circulates. This pump is driven mechanically by a shaft of the turbine engine, for example the high-pressure shaft.
If the turbine engine shuts down during the flight, the fan is no longer driven by the reducing gear, but it continues to rotate as a result of the air passing through. In these conditions, the fan is said to be in autorotation or also “windmilling”. These conditions can also be encountered on the ground when the turbine engine is shut down.
Even if the autorotation speeds of the fan remain relatively low, particularly when the aircraft is on the ground, there is still a need to lubricate the reducing gear driven by said fan. The lubrication of the casing enclosing the reducing gear may however no longer be ensured by the pump, as the high-pressure shaft does not rotate sufficiently rapidly to drive said pump.
The existing solutions for ensuring the lubrication of the reducing gear in these conditions generally install a secondary oil circuit with an auxiliary reservoir and an associated auxiliary pump. A secondary oil circuit generally has disadvantages in terms of mass, bulk, complexity, cost and reliability.
There is thus a need to optimise existing solutions, in order to ensure the management of the lubrication of the reducing gear in case of autorotation of the fan.
In order to address this need at least partially, the subject matter of the invention is firstly an assembly comprising a fan drive reducing gear for a turbine engine of an aircraft, as well as a lubrication system comprising:
According to the invention, the lubrication system also comprises an actuated valve fitted to the lubricant recovery line, as well as a lubricant overflow discharge line which is connected on the one hand to an overflow outlet at the bottom of the casing located above the horizontal level of a low point of a gearset of the reducing gear, and on the other hand to the lubricant recovery line, downstream of the actuated valve.
The invention thus makes it possible to ensure in a simple, reliable and effective manner the lubrication of the reducing gear in case of autorotation of the fan. Indeed, following the closure of the control valve, the low flow of lubricant which remains means that the bottom of the casing is filled until at least a portion of the gearset of the reducing gear is immersed.
In particular, the invention proves advantageous in that it does not require the integration of a pump or an additional reservoir to ensure the lubrication of the reducing gear in conditions of autorotation.
The invention also has at least one of the following optional features, taken either individually or in combination.
The valve is controlled by the pressure of lubricant circulating in the lubricant intake pipe, such that the lower the lubricant pressure, the greater the tendency of the valve to close. The control of the valve is thus set so that that the valve closes completely when the pressure of lubricant is lower than a predetermined threshold. This preferred way of controlling the valve provides even greater reliability. However, any other method of control can be envisaged for controlling the valve, such as a simple electric control capable of causing the closure of the valve when the fan is in a state of autorotation.
For example, the actuated valve is a slide valve, although other types of valve are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Preferably, the slide valve is connected to a moving part subjected to the pressure of the lubricant circulating in the lubricant intake pipe, this moving part acting against the action of a preloaded spring as a function of a threshold lubricant pressure below which the valve is set to close completely.
The drive reducing gear includes a planetary gear set comprising an inner planetary gear, an outer ring gear, as well as an annular row of satellites arranged between the inner planetary gear and the outer ring gear.
In order to do this, the overflow outlet at the bottom of the casing is located preferably below the horizontal level of the inner planetary gear, and even more preferably in an imaginary horizontal plane traversing the annular row of satellites. This makes it possible to prevent the casing filling up completely and at the same ensures that the assembly of the gearset is lubricated, in particular by means of the rotation of the outer ring gear which is generally the output element of the gearset coupled mechanically to the fan.
The subject matter of the invention is also an aircraft turbine engine of comprising such an assembly, the turbine engine comprising a fan driven by the reducing gear of this assembly.
Said turbine engine is preferably a dual-flow and dual-body turbojet engine.
Preferably, the lubrication system comprises a feed pump configured to supply the lubricant intake pipe with lubricant, and the turbine engine comprises an engine shaft, preferably a high-pressure shaft, mechanically driving the feed pump.
Lastly, the subject matter of the invention is a method for controlling the assembly described above, said method being such that in case of the autorotation of the fan, it comprises a step of closing the actuated valve fitted to the lubricant recovery line, so that the bottom of the casing is filled with lubricant up to the overflow outlet.
Other advantages and features of the invention are given in the non-limiting detailed description given below.
This description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
With reference to
The low-pressure generator 4 and the low-pressure turbine 12 form a low-pressure body, and are connected to one another by a low-pressure shaft 11 centred on the axis 3. Likewise, the high-pressure compressor 6 and the high-pressure turbine 10 form a high-pressure body, and are connected to one another by a high-pressure shaft 13 centred on the axis 3 and arranged around the low-pressure shaft 11. The shafts are supported by roller bearings 19, which are lubricated by being arranged in oil casings. The same applies to the fan hub 17, also supported by roller bearings 19.
The turbojet engine 1 also comprises, in front of the gas generator 2 and the low-pressure generator 4, a fan 15 which is here arranged directly to the rear of an air intake cone of the engine. The fan 15 is rotatable about the axis 3, and surrounded by a fan housing 9. Said fan is not driven directly by the low-pressure shaft 11, but is driven indirectly by said shaft via a reducing gear 20, which allows it to rotate at a lower speed. As detailed in the following, the reducing gear 20 is also housed in an oil casing to enable its lubrication.
Furthermore, the turbojet engine 1 defines a primary stream 16 designed to be traversed by a primary flow, as well as a secondary stream 18 designed to be traversed by a secondary flow located radially towards the outside relative to the primary flow.
Now with reference to
More precisely, the lubrication system 24 firstly comprises an oil casing 26 which encloses the reducing gear 20. It also comprises a lubricant reservoir 28, as well as a volume feed pump 30 (gear pump) which in the shown embodiment is driven mechanically by the rotation of the high-pressure shaft 13, via a transmission system illustrated by the dashed line 32. As an alternative, the volume feed pump 30 can be decoupled from the shaft 13 and driven in rotation by an electric motor so that its flow of lubricant can be adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the pump by controlling the speed of the electric motor. The reservoir 28 and the pump 30 communicate with a lubricant intake pipe 34, which is thus supplied with lubricant from the reservoir 28, by means of the pump 30.
The lubricant intake pipe 34 thus has one end connected to the pump 30, as well as an opposite end housed in the casing 26, and communicating with lubricant projection means 36. These means can have the form of one or more spray nozzles, or similar means. They are configured to project lubricant over all or part of the gearset of the reducing gear 20.
The casing 26 has a bottom 38, in which a lower part of the reducing gear 20 is accommodated. A lubricant recovery line 40 communicates with a low point 42 of the bottom of the casing 38. It makes it possible to collect by gravity the lubricant which has been previously projected by the means 36 onto the reducing gear, and to redirect this lubricant towards the reservoir 28.
The lubricant recovery line 40 is fitted with an actuated valve 44, which in normal conditions of functioning of the turbojet engine remains open to permit the evacuation of lubricant and avoid its accumulation at the bottom of the casing 38. It may consist for example of a slide valve, responding to the pressure of lubricant circulating in the lubricant intake pipe 34 in the direction of the casing 26. Indeed, this valve 44 can be configured such that the greater the lubricant pressure in the pipe 34, the greater the tendency of the valve 44 to remain open. Inversely, the lower the lubricant pressure, the greater the tendency of the valve to close to block the recovery line 40.
A mechanical or electrical coupling 46 can be provided between the valve 44 and a part 47 mounted in the pipe 34 or in a chamber communicating with the pipe 34, this part 47 responding to the pressure of the lubricant circulating in the latter. The part 47 comprises for example a mobile piston connected to a plug of the valve 44 by a mechanical coupling 46, this piston acting against the action of a preloaded spring according to the threshold lubricant pressure below which the valve is set to close completely. It is understood that the valve 44, the mechanical coupling 46 and the mobile part 47 can be grouped together in the same device. Alternatively, the part 47 can be formed by a gauge connected to the valve 44 by an electric coupling 46 to control the triggering of an actuator for closing the valve when the pressure measured by the gauge 47 falls below a predetermined threshold pressure.
The lubrication system 24 also comprises an overflow lubricant discharge line 48, of particular interest in case of the autorotation of the fan, as described below. The discharge line 48 is connected at one of its ends to an overflow outlet 50, provided through the bottom wall of the casing 38. At its opposite end, the discharge line 48 is connected to the recovery line 40, downstream of the actuated valve 44.
The reducing gear 20 is centred on the geometric axis 3 of the low-pressure shaft 11, which is also the geometric axis of the fan hub 17. It comprises a planetary gear set, which in the shown configuration is typically provided with an inner planetary gear 52 centred on the axis 3 and joined in rotation to an end before the low-pressure shaft 11 of the turbojet engine, an outer planetary gear referred to as an outer ring gear 54, corresponding to the output element of the reducing gear joined in rotation to the fan hub 17, and a fixed planetary carrier 58 supporting an annular row of satellites 56 arranged between the planetary gears 52, 54. Of course other configurations for the reducing gear are possible, in particular with a rotating planetary carrier corresponding to the output element of the reducing gear, a rotating inner planetary gear, and an fixed outer ring gear.
In normal conditions of functioning of the turbojet engine, the high-pressure shaft 13 rotates at a speed which is sufficiently high to drive the feed pump 30. As shown by the arrows of
However, when the turbojet engine is shut down, or the aircraft is in flight or on the ground, the fan is in autorotation due to the blowing wind traversing the fan blades. On the ground, the wind can blow from the rear towards the front of the aircraft, in which case the fan can be driven in a reverse direction of rotation relative to the normal direction. The rotation of the fan, whether in normal direction or reverse direction, causes the constituent elements of the reducing gear 20 to rotate which need to be lubricated sufficiently, in particular the teeth of the pinions. This lubrication can no longer be adequately provided by the feed pump 30, since the high-pressure shaft 13 which drives it no longer rotates at a sufficiently high speed. However, as illustrated by the arrows in
The invention provides that in such conditions of autorotation of the fan, the actuated valve 44 closes due to the low pressure of lubricant in the intake pipe 34. By closing, the valve 44 blocks the recovery line 40 and therefore the bottom of the casing 38. Due to the fact that the feed pump 30 is still driven by the high-pressure shaft 13 which rotates at low speed during an autorotation of the fan in flight, the bottom of the casing 38 fill up to the overflow outlet 50. The excess lubricant is then evacuated via the discharge line 48 to be redirected into the system via the recovery line 40, downstream of the valve 44.
Furthermore, in case of front or rear wind on the ground when the engine is shut down, the feed pump 30 is no longer driven since the high-pressure shaft 13 is generally no longer turning, but lubricant has accumulated at the bottom of the casing 38 following the closure of the valve 44 as a result of the drop in pressure of lubricant in the intake pipe 34 when the engine is shut down.
The low pressure threshold of lubricant from which the valve 44 closes is predefined such that when the turbine engine is shut down the closure of the valve 44 is performed sufficiently early before the rotation of the high-pressure shaft 13 stops to ensure an accumulation of lubricant in the bottom of the casing 38, due to the fact that the feed pump 30 turns with the shaft 13. In the case of an electric drive of the feed pump 30, the closure of the valve 44 when the turbine engine is shut down is capable of being performed sufficiently early before the feed of the electric motor of the pump 30 is stopped, in order to ensure a sufficient accumulation of lubricant in the bottom of the casing 38 to reach the level of the overflow outlet 50.
The overflow outlet 50 is arranged so as to immerse the reducing gear 20 in the accumulated lubricant, and preferably to immerse only the lower part of this reducing gear. More precisely, the outlet 50 is located above the horizontal level of a low point 60 of the gearset of the reducing gear, and below the horizontal level of the inner planetary gear 52 in order that the latter is not immersed in the volume of lubricant accumulated at the bottom of the casing 26. In a preferred manner, the overflow outlet 50 is located in an imaginary horizontal plane 62 traversing the annular row of satellite gears 56. Even more preferably, the imaginary horizontal plane 62 is located above the low point 60 of the gearset of the reducing gear even when the aircraft in flight is inclined in longitudinal and/or transverse direction at an angle of inclination corresponding to the maximum inclination authorised for the aircraft in conditions of autorotation of the fan. In this manner, the gearset continued to be lubricated in all “attitudes” of flight authorised for the aircraft when “windmilling”, in particular when turning at an angle or descending. Even more preferably, the plane 62 is lower than the axis of rotation of the satellite gears concerned in their lowest position between the planetary gears 52, 54, as illustrated in
In this configuration, the lower part of the ring gear 54 is immersed in the volume of lubricant that has accumulated at the bottom of the casing 26, and by rotating this ring gear brings with it the lubricant which can then be dispersed over the teeth of all the satellite gears 56.
Of course, various modifications can be made by a person skilled in the art, which have just been described, only as non-limiting examples and the scope of which is delimited by the accompanying claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1855345 | Jun 2018 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2019/051417 | 6/12/2019 | WO | 00 |
