The present invention relates to an overmolded element having hooks that is designed to be overmolded in an overmolded article while said article is being molded, the article being, in particular, a foam article, and in particular a cushion for a motor vehicle. The present invention also relates to an assembly made up of an overmolded element of this type and of a mold including a pedestal that co-operates with the overmolded element during the molding. The present invention also relates to a molded article having a main body made of a molding material, in particular of a foam, and an overmolded element of the above-mentioned type overmolded in the main body. The present invention also relates to a unit made up of a molded article of this type, in particular a motor vehicle cushion, and of a cover that covers the outside surface of the molded article, the mutual fastening between the molded article, in particular the molded cushion, and its cover, taking place by means of a hook-and-loop device, the hooks stemming from the element having hooks overmolded in the molded article, while the loops stem from the cover. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a molded article of the above-mentioned type.
Nowadays, in order to fasten a fabric cover to the outside surface of a molded thermoplastic foam cushion for a motor vehicle, it is common practice to use a hook-and-loop self-fastener or “touch fastener”. Conventionally, an overmolded element constituted by a strip of thermoplastic material has a face from which hooks project while a metallic resin is fastened to the other face. Then, the overmolded element having hooks is placed over a pedestal, in particular formed at the bottom of the mold, a cavity, in particular, being formed in the top surface of the pedestal. That cavity formed at the bottom of the mold in the top surface of the pedestal has vertical walls over which the overmolded element having hooks is placed with the hooks disposed on the inside of the cavity while the foam is being poured in for obtaining the molded article by molding. At the bottom of the cavity, a magnet is disposed so as to attract the overmolded element via the metallic resin and so as to hold it stationary in contact with the top edges of the vertical walls, with good sealing-off relative to the foam. After the foam has been cast and left to cool and therefore to set, the molded article is obtained in which the overmolded element having hooks is overmolded, the hooks then appearing on the outside surface of the molded article and being able to co-operate with loops (or indeed with hooks when the self-fastener device is a hook-in-hook device) associated with a cover, e.g. in the form of a fabric, so as to fasten said cover around the molded article by the hooks and the loops co-operating with one another.
That conventional technique suffers from various drawbacks. Firstly, it requires the cavity for protecting the hooks to be formed in the top of the pedestal, e.g. by machining it. In addition, during the molding process, that technique requires a considerable amount of labor for positioning the overmolded element over the pedestal, which is detrimental to large-scale fabrication. In addition, the magnets placed in the protective cavity formed in the pedestal deteriorate over time due to the molds being heated and cooled in alternation. There comes a time during the production process when those magnets need to be replaced and that operation is costly and takes a considerable amount of time.
In a first aspect, an object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a system for overmolding the overmolded element having hooks in the molded article that does need either a protective cavity to be provided, or a magnet to be used, without the protection of the hooks from the cast foam during the molding being less good.
In a first aspect, the invention provides an assembly comprising firstly an overmolded element having hooks, designed to be overmolded in a molded article, the overmolded element forming an open internal space defined by two end side walls and a bottom, from which at least one hook stemming from the element projects or from which some hooks stemming from the element project; and secondly a mold having its internal wall(s) defining an internal volume that is the same shape as the article to be formed by molding in the mold, at least one pedestal projecting into the internal volume from said inside wall(s), the overmolded element having hooks being in contact with the pedestal while the molding foam is being cast, the pedestal including a rail-shaped portion having two opposite outer side faces, which are, in particular, parallel faces, said assembly being characterized in that, while the foam is being cast, the respective end side walls of the overmolded element are in contact with the respective opposite outer side faces, without hooks being interposed between them.
In accordance with the invention, the pedestal is clamped between the two side walls, so that said side walls bear against the two side faces, in particular in resilient manner, so as to provide sealing from the liquid foam being poured into the internal space at the hooks, without said hooks being damaged. In particular, said hooks are not gripped vice-like between the walls of the pedestal and of the overmolded element, which two walls bear against each other and are therefore not compressed as in the prior art.
Thus, good sealing from the foam is provided at the contacts between the side faces of the pedestal and the walls of the overmolded element so that the hooks are well protected. It is no longer necessary firstly to make provision to form a cavity in the top of the pedestal, or secondly to provide a system having magnets and metal materials, or indeed to provide other complex devices for protecting the hooks from the liquid foam poured in during the molding, in order to guarantee good positioning of the overmolded element and good protection of the hooks. It is thus possible to simplify the method of placing the overmolded element having hooks in the mold prior to molding, and in particular of positioning it, and, in addition, the mold itself is of simpler structure. At the end of the molding, hooks are obtained that appear outside the molded article, at the bottom of a groove or trench that is narrow (in particular as narrow as the pedestal), and in particular that can be narrower than in the prior art.
In a preferred embodiment, the element having hooks clamps the pedestal between its two side walls, in particular with force.
In particular, the contact between the respective walls of the overmolded element and of the pedestal takes place along respective lines, in particular straight lines. Preferably, the innermost end edges of the two side walls are straight in shape, preferably being mutually parallel, and, as seen in plan from above, the two outer side faces of the rail have the same straight shape, so that said respective contact lines are straight.
In an improvement, the contact between the element having hooks and the pedestal takes place by clipping.
Preferably, while the foam is being cast, some of the hooks, and in particular all of the hooks of the overmolded element having hooks, are some distance from the rail, and in particular from its top. Optionally, they may be flush therewith, i.e. the tops of the hooks may touch the top of the rail, but without the rail applying any pressure on them, and in particular without said rail deforming them.
Preferably, no hook projects from the inside surfaces of the end side walls, all of the hooks projecting from the bottom only of the element having hooks.
In a preferred embodiment, each side wall of the element having hooks has an innermost end edge, the height of the highest point of the hooks being less than the height of the innermost end edges; and the pedestal includes a rail-shaped portion having two opposite outer side faces that are spaced apart and that have shapes that are substantially identical to the shapes of the end edges of the side walls of the overmolded element, and a thickness of the rail, i.e. a distance between the two side faces measured in a given direction, being just greater than a distance between the two end edges of the two side walls in said given direction.
Preferably, the two side walls are inclined slightly towards one another, in particular by having, as seen in cross-section, a hook shape, a C-shape, a circularly arcuate shape, or an analogous shape.
Preferably, the overmolded element also has front and back walls, which extend transversely relative to the side walls, and the pedestal has a top having a shape that is substantially complementary to the shape of the top edges of the front and back walls, so that it can come to rest against the top edges of the walls, optionally with sealing ribs being interposed that extend along the two top edges of the front and back walls.
The open internal space within which the hooks lie is thus closed completely, and the hooks are then particularly well protected from the foam firstly at the contacts between the two side faces of the rail and the two side walls of the overmolded element, and secondly at the front and back walls and at the top of the rail.
Preferably, the respective top edges of the front and back walls are at respective heights greater than the highest point of the hooks, but less than the heights of the top edges of the two side walls.
In a preferred embodiment, one or more sealing ribs are provided that extend(s) along a respective one or both of the top edges of the front and back walls.
Preferably, in cross-section, at least part of the top face of the overmolded element having hooks, between the two side walls, is substantially circularly arcuate in shape, in particular in the zone from which the hooks stem.
In another embodiment, each innermost top edge forms a curved line, in particular a circularly arcuate line, and, as seen in plan from above, the two side faces have shapes identical to said curved lines, said respective lines of contact being constituted by said curved lines.
Preferably, the base plate of the overmolded element extends outwards beyond the two side walls, thereby forming one or more outside brims.
In the finished molded article, these two brims are totally surrounded by foam, and this anchoring in the foam procures excellent strength for the fastening of the overmolded element to the molded article. The good anchoring of the molded article in the foam at the end of molding guarantees that the overmolded element remains properly bonded to the molded article while the overmolded element (which is then anchored and overmolded in the molded article) is being unclipped from the pedestal.
Good anchoring of the overmolded element in the foam of the molded article is facilitated even further by the fact that the foam is in contact with the top surfaces of the side walls.
Preferably, one or each side wall has an outside rib, the rail having its greatest thickness at each rib or at said ribs, the two ribs being in particular at the same level, and said thickness of the rail being the distance between the two outermost points of said two ribs.
The present invention also relates to a molded article having a main body made of molding material, in particular of a thermoplastic foam, and at least one overmolded element having hooks of an assembly of the invention, which element is overmolded in the molded main body, the foam being in contact with the overmolded element, in cross-section over the entire periphery of the overmolded element, with the exception of the open internal space that extends from one inside top edge to the other inside top edge of the two side walls, so that, above the overmolded element, a groove is formed that opens out to the outside of the molded body, the groove in particular having a shape complementary to the shape of a rail having one or more thicknesses corresponding to the distance(s) between the two inside top edges of the two side walls of the pedestal of an assembly of the invention.
The present invention also provides a unit made up of a molded object of the invention and of a cover or a covering, in particular made of fabric, covering the outside surface of the molded article while snugly fitting the shape of said outside surface.
The present invention also provides a unit comprising a molded article and a cover that covers the outside surface of the molded article at least in part, at least one longitudinal groove or trench being formed in the molded article while being open to the outside, at least one element having hooks being overmolded in the molded article so as to form the bottom of the groove at least in part, some hooks and preferably the hooks penetrating into openings in loops stemming from the cover so as to hook therein and thereby fasten the cover to the molded article.
In a second aspect of the invention, independent from the first aspect and forming an invention in itself, at least two overmolded elements having hooks are provided that form the bottom of the trench at least in part by being placed one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, the two elements having hooks being separated from each other by an intermediate zone in which there is no element having hooks; and means are provided for preventing the cover from riding up towards the top of the trench, in particular at the or at each intermediate zone.
Thus, hook-and-loop self-fasteners are used for fastening the cover around the article but in a smaller quantity, thereby having a very favorable effect on the cost, without, however, adversely affecting the great simplicity with which the assembly can be manufactured and fitted, or the reliability of the fastening, in particular without adversely affecting its pull-out strength, which is preserved or indeed improved by the anti-ride-up means.
Preferably, the loops stem from the outside surface of a pocket fastened to the cover, and the means for preventing the riding-up effect are constituted by a wire that extends inside the pocket.
Thus, compared to the prior art in which hook-and-loop systems are also provided for fastening the cover to the molded article, fewer hooks are provided, thereby considerably reducing the costs, and, instead, the rigid wire is provided, which wire is made in particular of a thermoplastic material, which is must less costly but that nevertheless makes it possible to obtain upward pull-out strength that is as good or even better. In addition, with a trench that does not extend straightly, but rather that includes curved portions, it is possible, nonetheless, to use straight overmolded elements, adapting them to match the curved portions being facilitated by the fact that they can be spaced apart from one another and do not need to be placed continuously over the entire length over which the trench extends, which elements would otherwise need to have corresponding curved shapes.
Preferably, the loops stem from the outside surface of a pocket fastened to the cover, and the means for preventing the riding-up effect are constituted by a wire that extends inside the pocket.
Preferably, the loops stem from the bottom portion of the periphery of the pocket, in particular from this portion only.
In an improvement, the length of the intermediate zone, i.e. the distance between the two successive adjacent overmolded elements in the longitudinal direction is such that, without the wire, a riding-up effect appears; and the material and the dimensions of the wire are such that it is sufficiently rigid for the riding-up effect to be smaller when it is received in the pocket, and, in particular, for there no longer to be any riding-up effect.
Thus, by providing a rigid wire, in particular a wire that is rigid in the vertical plane, there is no longer any riding-up effect, and the cost of material for forming the overmolded elements is lower, since said overmolded elements extend over a smaller proportion of the length over which the trench extends. In addition, inserting the element having loops into the trench is facilitated, since the wire has a support and guidance function for such insertion. In addition, with a trench that does not extend straightly, but rather that includes curved portions, it is possible, nonetheless, to use straight overmolded elements, adapting them to match the curved portions being facilitated by the fact that they can be spaced apart from one another and do not need to be placed continuously over the entire length over which the trench extends, which elements would otherwise need to have corresponding curved shapes.
In a preferred embodiment, in cross-section, each overmolded element having hooks has a U-shape or a C-shape, the two branches of which shape extend towards the outside of the groove, the inside surface of the U-shape or of the C-shape having two distal end segments from which no hook projects, and an intermediate bottom segment from which the hooks of the overmolded element having hooks project.
In an advantageous embodiment, the groove has two side faces formed by the material of which the molded article is molded, which faces extend from the outside to the respective top or distal edges of the branches of the U-shape of each element having hooks and the respective inside surfaces of the two branches of the U-shape or of the C-shape are flush with the respective side faces.
In particular, the side faces of the groove are vertical and come into register with the inside top edges of the respective branches of the U-shape or of the C-shape.
In a preferred embodiment, the groove includes at least one segment of curved shape in which at least one overmolded element extends that is of straight or curved shape, the length of the overmolded element being less than the length of the curved segment.
Preferably, the width of the groove is defined as being the shortest distance between two of its facing walls, and in particular when the elements having hooks are aligned in a given direction, the width of the trench is measured perpendicularly to said given direction, and the width dimension of the element having loops excluding the loops, i.e. the sum of the width dimension of the wire and of twice the thickness of the pocket (excluding the loops), is substantially equal to the width of the trench, while nevertheless being just less than said width of the trench.
Preferably, the distance between the respective innermost points of the top edges of the two branches of the U-shape or of the C-shape of each overmolded element is substantially equal to the width dimension of the element having loops excluding the loops, i.e. the sum of the width dimension of the wire and of twice the thickness of the pocket (excluding the loops), while nevertheless being just greater than this width dimension.
Preferably, the pocket is fastened to the cover, in particular by being sewn thereto, at the superposition of two edges of two pieces or sheets of the cover.
Preferably, the distance over which the intermediate zone extends between the at least two overmolded elements having hooks is greater than 50% of the largest dimension, in particular the length dimension, of each overmolded element, and is preferably greater than the largest length dimension of each overmolded element.
Preferably, the distance between the at least two overmolded elements is greater than 20 millimeters (mm), in particular greater than 100 mm, and in particular lies in the range 100 mm to 500 mm.
Preferably, the wire has a cross-section that is of oval shape, and in particular the major axis of the oval shape extends in the direction going from the bottom of the trench outwards, i.e. substantially perpendicular to the base of each overmolded element.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wire has a square or a rectangular cross-section, the corners of which are rounded, and in particular the length, when the wire has a rectangular cross-section, extends in the direction going from the bottom of the trench towards the outside.
Thus, by providing a rigid wire, there is no longer any riding-up effect and the cost of material for forming the overmolded elements is lower, since said overmolded elements extend over a smaller proportion of the length over which the trench extends. In addition, inserting the element having loops into the trench is facilitated, since the wire has a support and guidance function for such insertion. In addition, with a trench that does not extend straightly, but rather that includes curved portions, it is possible, nonetheless, to use straight overmolded elements, adapting them to match the curved portions being facilitated by the fact that they can be spaced apart from one another and do not need to be placed continuously over the entire length over which the trench extends, which elements would otherwise need to have corresponding curved shapes.
In a preferred embodiment, the trench includes at least one segment of curved shape in which at least one overmolded element extends that is of straight shape, the length of the overmolded element being less than the length of the curved segment.
Preferably, the shape of the pocket when the wire is inserted therein is at least in part complementary to the shape of the cross-section of the zone of the top faces of the elements having hooks from which the hooks stem, and in particular the wire is of circular section while said zone has a circularly arcuate section.
Preferably, the pocket is fastened to the cover, in particular by being sewn thereto, at the superposition of two edges of two pieces or sheets of the cover.
Preferably, the width of the trench or groove is defined as being the shortest distance between two of its facing walls, and in particular when the elements having hooks are aligned in a given direction, the width of the trench is measured perpendicularly to said given direction, and the width dimension of the element having loops, i.e. the sum of the width dimension of the wire and of twice the thickness of the pocket, is substantially equal to the width of the trench, and in particular just less than said width of the trench.
The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a molded article, in particular a unit in the second aspect of the invention.
The method of the invention for manufacturing a molded article by molding, in particular a molded article in the second aspect of the invention, includes the steps that consist in taking a mold having the same shape as the article that is to be molded, a rail-shaped pedestal projecting from a wall of the mold defining the volume of the mold, is characterized by the step that consists in clamping the pedestal by an overmolded element having two side walls that are spaced apart so that the two side walls of the element having hooks come to bear against two faces of the pedestal along at least two respective lines of contact, in such a manner as to seal off the internal space between the two walls of the overmolded element, and in pouring in the foam for molding the article.
In a third aspect, independent from the first and second aspects and forming an invention in itself, the present invention also provides an overmolded element having hooks. However, it may be designed to be part of an assembly of the first aspect of the invention and/or to be part of a unit of the second aspect of the invention.
In the third aspect of the invention, the overmolded element having hooks including two side walls that are spaced apart from each other and a bottom in such a manner as to form an open internal space having a largest width measured in a direction extending from one wall to the other, in particular perpendicularly to the two walls, and at least one hook, and preferably a plurality of hooks, stemming from the bottom, is characterized in that the top or distal portions of the two side walls are inclined relative to each other so that the distance between the two innermost points of the top edges of the two walls is less than said largest width.
Preferably, in cross-section through the walls, the bottom is constituted by a central straight segment ended on either side by a respective right or left segment that is substantially circularly arcuate in shape, in particular in the zone from which the hooks stem.
Preferably, the hooks of the overmolded element project from the bottom only of the internal space.
An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawings, in which:
In the figures, and in particular in
The overmolded element 1 includes a plate 2 having a rectangular base of long length L and of width l. The length L extends in the longitudinal direction of the overmolded element while the width l extends in the transverse direction. Two side walls 3 and 4 extend from the top side of the plate 2. Each of these side walls 3 and 4 has a top edge, which, in this example, is constituted by a surface that is substantially horizontal to the figure, and each top edge has a line 5 and 6 made up of the points of the top edge that are innermost, i.e. that are closest to the other wall. In cross-section, in particular as in
Thus, in cross-section, and in particular in section on A-A of
The inside surface of the U-shape is made up of three segments, namely two end segments, each of which extends from the innermost point 5, or from the innermost point 6, to a bottom intermediate segment that is defined by the outermost hooks 38 on either side. Thus, in the two end segments, there are no projecting hooks, and all of the hooks of the overmolded element project from the bottom intermediate segment.
In order to define the bottom of an overmolded element of the present invention with precision, a first definition method consists in considering the hooks and in defining the bottom as being the smallest surface defining the internal space within which all of the hooks lie.
A second method consists, in each cross-section, in projecting the two innermost points (5 and 6) vertically (i.e. perpendicularly to the plane of the base plate in
In order to define the bottom of an overmolded element of the invention, it is possible to use either one of the two methods.
In
The longest distance D0, measured in the direction perpendicular to the walls, i.e. in the direction horizontal to
The overmolded element also has a front wall and a back wall 8 and 9. The front and back walls 8 and 9 and the side walls 3 and 4 and the bottom floor 7 define the open internal space within which the hooks lie. Each front and back wall 8 and 9 has a respective top edge 10 and 11 that extends from one side edge 5 to the opposite other side edge 6. These edges 10 and 11 are C-shaped in this example. Sealing gaskets 13 extend along the top edges 10 and 11 of the front and back walls 8 and 9.
Seen from above, the inside top edges of the walls 8 and 9 are straight lines. These lines may be otherwise than straight and have any shape whatsoever, in particular by having one or more curved portions.
The above-described element 1 is designed to be placed in a mold, into which liquid foam is poured, which, by setting, is fastened to the side walls 5 and 6 and to the bottom surface of the plate 2 and to the outside faces of the front and back walls 8 and 9, so as thus to fasten the hooks to the molded foam article.
Inside the mold, at least one pedestal 12 in the shape of a rail projects from the inside wall 16 of the mold that defines the volume having the shape of the article that is to be manufactured by molding. It is possible to provide one or more pedestals as a function of the number of trenches that are to be formed in the finished molded article in order to place hooks therein. In particular, it is possible to provide an array of pedestals that form an array of trenches, and some of them may be curved. In order to prevent the foam from being poured over the hooks, or from coming into contact therewith, the hooks should be protected from coming into contact with the poured foam while said foam is being poured in. To this end, the overmolded element(s) having hooks is/are clipped or clamped with force over the pedestal(s), with the hooks facing towards the pedestal. Over any given pedestal, it is possible to place a single overmolded element or to place a plurality of them, one behind the other, in which case they can either be placed some distance apart from one another, as in the second aspect of the invention, or very close together, or else indeed end-to-end if so desired.
The rail 12 has two opposite side faces 30 and 31. Seen from above, i.e. seen looking along the arrow F of
The distance D between the two faces 30 and 31, as measured in the direction (horizontal to the figure) perpendicular to the two faces 30 and 31, which direction corresponds to the thickness of the rail, is substantially equal to, while being slightly greater than, the distance d0, measured in the same direction between the two top edges 5 and 6 of the side walls 3 and 4.
When the rail does not have a constant thickness along the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the plane of
As shown in
In addition, the rail 12 has a top portion of shape complementary to the shape of the top edges 10 and 11 of the front and back walls 8 and 9. Thus, in this example, the top of the rail 12 is C-shaped or is circularly arcuate in shape corresponding to the C-shape or to the circularly arcuate shape of the top edges of the front and back walls 8 and 9. By coming to press the element 1 so that its two side walls come to clamp the pedestal 12 between their two edges 5 and 6, these two edges are moved slightly apart from each other so as to enable the rail to pass into it until its top 15 comes into contact with the two top edges 10 and 11 of the side walls 8 and 9. The resilience of the two top end edges means that they provide sealing where they come into contact with the corresponding faces of the rail, since the two walls tend to return towards each other by resilience, while the sealing ribs 13, which find themselves between the top of the rail 12 and the top edges of the walls 8 and 9, provide excellent sealing for the hooks while the foam is being poured in.
In an improvement shown in
In another embodiment shown in
The above-described two embodiments are improvements using clipping or snap-fastening. However, they are not necessary per se to obtaining the effect of the invention, which effect is obtained whenever a pedestal is inserted between the two side walls with mutual contact being maintained, e.g. by the fact that the two walls that have been moved apart outwards tend to return inwards while bearing against the rail.
Once the foam has been cast and said foam has set, the molded article is removed from the mold. A longitudinal trench 15 (the length direction being perpendicular to
Once the molding of the foam article including one or more overmolded elements having hooks is finished, and, in particular, when the molded article is a motor vehicle cushion, it then needs to be covered with a cover or with a covering. This cover is connected to elements having loops that come to co-operate with the hooks to fasten the cover to the molded article while covering it, in particular by fitting snugly over the shape of its outside surface.
An element having loops of this type is shown in
In addition, a wire 24 that is, in this example, constituted by a circularly cylindrical bar of rigid plastics material has been inserted into the pocket 20 of the element having loops in order to stiffen the overall assembly. The rigid wire of plastics material is, for example, made of polypropylene (PP) or of polyethylene (PE), and has a diameter of at least 2 mm. However, it is also possible to provide a hollow wire, i.e. a tube-shaped wire. When the rigid wire 24 is not present inside the pocket 20, then, in the intermediate zone between the two elements 1 having hooks, a riding-up effect occurs in that the pocket 20 tends to ride up, i.e. to arch, so as to deform in the manner of a tent, as shown in
Conversely, when the rigid wire 24 is placed inside the element 20, the riding-up effect disappears, as shown in
As indicated, in
In the embodiment corresponding to
In the present Application, the mutual fastening between the molded article and the cover is described as being by hooks stemming from the molded article co-operating with loops on the cover. It should be noted that it is also possible to provide hooks instead of the loops, which hooks then co-operate with the hooks on the overmolded elements in the manner of a hook-in-hook self-fastener, and that is why, in the claims, the term “loop” should be understood in a broader acceptation that also encompasses the fact that the loops may be hooks.
In the present Application, the term “hook” means any element having the capacity to hook, in particular into a loop. In particular, a hook is an element comprising a shank and a head projecting laterally from said shank. Thus, elements in the shapes of a mushroom, of a barb, of a double head, or of some other analogous type are hooks in the meaning of the invention.
In the first and third aspects of the invention, the mutual fastening between the molded article and the cover is described as being by hooks stemming from the molded article co-operating with loops on the cover. It should be noted that it is also possible to provide hooks instead of the loops, which hooks then co-operate with the hooks on the overmolded elements in the manner of a hook-in-hook self-fastener, and that is why, in these first and third aspects of the invention, the term “loop” should be understood in a broader acceptation that also encompasses the fact that the loops may be hooks. Conversely, in the second aspect, the term “loop” implies the existence of an opening through which a hooking element can pass and be hooked.
Similarly, within the ambit of the first aspect, it is possible to make provision for it to be used with a single overmolded element or with a plurality of such elements over any given pedestal, in which case it is possible to place them some distance apart from one another (this then lies within the ambit of the first aspect of the invention) or, very close together, or indeed end-to-end if so desired.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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1000218 | Jan 2010 | FR | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/FR2011/000016 | 1/12/2011 | WO | 00 | 7/19/2012 |