Patent Application
20180298624
This report presents a set of extruded profiles for the construction of slabs, beams and columns, which are assembled in a systematic manner. Such a set of profiles has the function of covering the slab, column and beam, and has the function of serving as a form to receive the concrete during construction. The constructive arrangement of the parts forming the said assembly and allowing its assembly in a systematic manner, guarantees numerous functional advantages, as well as in its use.
The construction of slabs, beams and columns is already of technical knowledge, using blocks of Styrofoam as a fill, to leave the slab lighter and using box and building irons; in this traditional process, after the assembly of the box—as the molds that hold the concrete are called until it solidifies—the Styrofoam blocks are arranged and the lattice beams or concrete beams are assembled, and then the concrete is poured into the box until it will harden and the casing be removed; after removal, the plaster is made to finish. The construction of the slabs in particular is slow and requires intense physical effort of the worker, especially in the assembly of lattice beams and the finishing of the lower part of the slab, knowing that in the latter, the worker must sprinkle cement from the bottom up, which in addition may cause damage to the operator's physical integrity.
In order to increase the practicality and speed in the construction of slabs, some improvements have been developed, focusing on the solution of some specific problem, as shown in document MU8802069-0 that presents a form of brick in thermoplastic to be used in slabs; and document MU9001782-0 which shows an improvement in the construction of lattice girder beams. Also, document BR102012012581-1 that presents a form of construction of slab without finishing, but with proposal totally different from the one that this report refers, mainly because it is the field of the ribbed slabs.
Other patentable priorities which may be cited are the documents BR202015008514-7, which has a constructive profile shape, which presents greater mechanical resistance by distributing the internal stresses to the profile, at the time of concreting and drying the concrete; and CA2097226, which also provides a form of wall construction by means of thermoplastic profiles, which aim to simplify the obtaining of the building, providing finished walls after the pouring of the concrete into the profiles.
Based on the known state of the art, little has been changed in the traditional slab construction process, and some minor improvements have occurred in some processes. Nowadays, little has been altered in the construction of the foundation of a building, mainly of residences and smaller buildings. The process consists of assembling the column case and iron structure, then the concrete is poured; as soon as it hardens the construction of the beams and slab begins. The slab is commonly filled with blocks of Styrofoam between the lattice beams, with the purpose of making the slab lighter, being the trussed beams are what have the function of supporting the slab, and using the cement as a way to connect the slab in the pillars and beams, making them one body. This process is slow, mainly because of the distribution and assembly of the beams on the slab, since it is necessary for the worker to distribute the beams and blocks of Styrofoam uniformly over the whole extension of the slab. There is also the problem of finishing after the withdrawal of the case, since it requires a lot of time and skill of the worker, especially in the finishing stage of the lower part of the slab, which besides having a very high degree of difficulty, may require the worker to work in uncomfortable positions, posing risks to your health and physical integrity in the long and short term.
The interiorities' that more closely approximate the developed object, do not present solution for the construction of slabs as recommended in this document; one can find anteriority that reveal solutions only of walls, because it is a component that should have its weight reduced to the maximum, however, it must have enough mechanical resistance to support the requests that are exposed, providing security for the people. Another problem that involves the construction of slabs is that it needs to thermally and acoustically isolate the lower and upper environments from the slab, which is very difficult to achieve with the use of solid materials such as concrete.
Another problem that may be mentioned is the fact that it is very difficult to insert new hydraulic and electric pipes into walls and slabs produced in concrete, since there is a need to perform the wall breaking along the entire pipe length that If desired, a fact that is aggravated when it comes to the breaking of a slab or floor, as it makes the room or site unusable until the renovation ends.
The fact of filling the profile with concrete generates a variety of problems in the constructed wall, such as the fact that concrete is produced by a mixture of sand, powdered cement and water, and therefore, when drying confined in the profile, it contracts and may cause bubbles and deformations, as it has been poured into a thermoplastic receptacle, and the latter is very easy to deform because it is a flexible material.
In order to solve these problems, this set of form-like facing profiles for slab, beam and column concreting comprises five specific shaped extrusion profiles which provides an assembly in such a way as to result in the elimination of all problems. It comprises an extruded profile preferably in PVC, not limited to this material, comprising the form of a main beam, with supports for the structuring irons and a profile formed of a main beam and grooves for fixing to the concrete, which fit together in pairs, by means of fittings, forming a square hollow column, and around this, the casing will be assembled, and after the pouring and hardening of the concrete, in this column the casing can be removed and the result is a molded and finished column, presenting as lining said profile, eliminating subsequent rework.
It also comprises a plate with grooves on one of the faces which is arranged at the base of the slab, on the case, and this plate provides spaces for the light fill arrangement, for example Styrofoam, and for the iron truss, which forms the beams and lattices, avoiding the use of pre-cast beams in cement, because when the cement is poured on the pre-molded joist, it can cause in a problem of lack of adhesion, since the cement of the joist is already solidified, and due to the contractions during the solidification of the new cement spillage, the lack of adhesion in the surfaces of the shaft can cause future cracks; said assembly further provides for fittings to a further profile that this assembly comprises a filling profile which will replace the Styrofoam block, and with this, we have that the operator needs only to fit the parts coherently, interleaving iron trusses and profiles on said plate, positioning the iron screen on the slab, and pour the concrete, which significantly reduces the time spent in the construction of the slab, and reduces its weight, so that the slab does not need to be very thick, reducing costs, besides the fact of forming hollow chambers that increase the thermal and acoustic insulation and facilitate the opening of channels for passage of new hydraulic and electric pipes, after the slab already is constructed. After removal of the slab from the slab, the lower part will be coated, therefore, only the lower part of the initially arranged plate will be visible, eliminating the need for any finishing at the bottom of the slab.
The figures presented, by way of example and illustration, together with the description of the profiles and the assembly, will allow a better understanding of the developed object.
Based on the figures presented, the profile set, for support, molding and finishing, can be visualized in the concrete slab, beam and column, object of this report. The slab is comprised by the assembly of the profiles (100), which form the main plate, which is the base of said slab. This profile (100), according to
The columns are formed from the assembly of the profiles (200 and 300).
The assembly and its variants are shown in
The profile (400) comprises filling a main beam (402), which may have continuous straight shape, circular, or may preferably have notches (403) or fillets; (404) has perpendicular and spaced extensions (404) along the crosspiece (402) coincident with the spacing of the rods (103) of the profile (100), and said extensions (404) have female fittings (401), (405) perpendicular to the main cross-member (402) and positioned between said main cross-member (402) and the female catch grooves (401), and said profile (400) further provides for claws (406) disposed on its main beam (402), which serve to increase adhesion to the cement after it has been poured. In order to keep the filling space (400) hollow, shown in the figures, this assembly has closed end and can be closed in a single body profile (400), or providing a lid (410), which is shown in 6C, with cross-section supported to engage the end of said filling space (400), preventing the concrete, when poured, fill the empty spaces inside of the filling space (400) and thereby forming hollow chambers inside the filling space (400), increasing the thermal and acoustic insulation and facilitating the opening of channels for the passage of new hydraulic and electric pipes, after the slab is already constructed, since the channels remain hollow inside the slab.
For the purpose of understanding and presenting an embodiment of the object presented here, the process of assembling this new constructive layout of slab and columns is described. For the construction of a column, profiles (200) and/or profiles (300) are used; By way of illustration, it will be described herein mounting a square simple column using two profiles (200) and two profiles (300), as shown in
The construction of the slab, according to
Other embodiments for this system may exit, using the profiles described herein with profiles combinations (200 and 300) random and varied to form different shapes of columns, setting that has at least one fitting, but which result in a configuration that provides mechanical strength and also results in the construction of slabs, columns and the like. Those embodiments are also characteristic of this system.
By doing this and using this sequence, we can build low cost slabs, beams and columns, in a short period of time without compromising the mechanical strength of the structure, and without the need for final finishing after construction.
