Patent Grant
6974325
The invention describes innovative astrological methods, processes, apparatuses and systems. Unique celestial mapping systems, processes and star catalogues are described, as are unique innovations in astrological tarot and in alpha-numerology.
“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. . . . And God said, “Let there be light in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so. God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. (God) also made the stars. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.” From the Book of Genesis, The Holy Bible, New International Version, Zondervan Bible Publishers.
As popular as the weather, astrology is a global, omnipresent, mainstream endeavor, with substantial media coverage and commercial industry. Nearly every one has opinions about it or has heard of it. The bevy of astrologers offering services confirms the public curiosity, acceptance and commercial support of this vocation, hobby and entertainment. Syndicated columns in newspapers, magazines and publications, televised programs and spots, tele-services and info-mercials, internet and web sites, plus the myriad advisors, professionals and professional associations, books, CD-ROM's and disks, comprise the large astrology industry. On a global, world-wide basis, astrology is practiced and performed in a few distinct, but interrelated, methodological forms across the entirety of the world's peoples.
In turn, astrologers ardently study and discuss their subject. Assorted titles are available at most libraries, with many volumes being carried by America's largest booksellers and computer program vendors. The use of astrology permeates the personal realm as numerous persons and peoples use astrology for diverse purposes and reasons. From “getting to know” someone, to the decisions shaping nations and business, one hears frequently of the use of astrology by people, from President's wives to stock selection experts. “What is your sign?” is a question often heard.
But this interest in astrology is undermined by the methods of the consolidated astrology industry. Unbeknownst to the public at large, the current and exclusive methods for the determination of astrological information, to discover and render the “signs” under which a person is allegedly born, are factitious or erroneous. For each or any astrological component and at each and every epoch in time, the zodiac positions determined, rendered or stated by these prior arts are wrong as to astrological content.
Astrology has long been practiced, with peoples over the course of time using its products and services for interpretation, recreation, meditation, analysis, fortune-telling, games, augury and entertainment. Now astrology is used in many applications including psychology, healing, planning, investment, diet, hygiene, travel, interpersonal relationships, self and God awareness. Astrology for the common individual first became popular last century, in tow with the advent of personal psychology. Earlier, astrology was practiced for nations, leaders, celebrities, omens, wars and welfare, or for past, present and future dates or events such as solstices and eclipses.
Up until the nineteenth century, our solar system was known to include only the planets up to Saturn. Ancient astrologers were the astronomers of yore and devised an interpretative system for the meaning of the planetary locations and interactions. Hence, just as alchemists were the forerunners of modern chemistry, astrologers were de facto the astronomers in times past. Yet, just as the chemists separated out from the alchemists, the astronomers parted ways with the astrologers.
The astronomers were concerned with the precise, tangible science of celestial mechanics, coming to renounce any interpretative arts, for lack of proven causality. This fissure continues today, overshadowing the vital error within the astrologers' fundamental methods. This dispute covers over the substantive issue at the heart of astrological inquiry: the current astrological methods return factitious, empirically false, phenomenologically inaccurate, zodiacal positions, leading to the larger consequence that all prior art artifacts, products and services misinform as well, given their erroneous component data.
Astrology evolved in its own course, having much about it that is sturdy. Historic progress through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries included new discoveries, such as the planets Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Astrologers assigned meaning to these new planets; astrology embraced these gifts from astronomy, with a resultant common presumption that astrology is as scientific as possible, if still questionable in effect.
Although the physics of astrology depict the heavens as circling the earth, the consequence of this fallacy is trivial, as pertains to the accuracy of the components moving across the zodiacal belt. So it is not a consequential fault for the astrologer to showcase the component positions as moving along the zodiacal circuit, with the earth as center. Moreover, this conveys the relativity from the subject's perspective. Ancient maps of the heavens, however, were as apt to be drawn from the vantage looking in on earth, with the order of the constellations, the zodiac included, then being reversed in order and directional motion, from the earth-centered, outward-looking, vantage. From their system perspective, the subject is in the opposite sign, and the sign order is reversed. See also Constellations. National Audubon Society Pocket Guide. ISBN 0-679-77998-1. Page 192.
Astrology, according to Webster's Dictionary, is “the divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects”. The positions are of primary importance to the astrologer, since the aspects are found from the component positions, which must first be established correctly. Astrologer's reference sources are used to establish the zodiacal positions per the query inputs of time, date and earthly location. “One's horoscope is a map of the heavens at the time of one's birth, showing the position of the heavenly bodies in the ZODIAC”, according to The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. However, these astrologer's resources, containing any of ephemerides (calendars of component zodiac positions), related look-up tables, instructions, algorithms and/or automated computations, engineer, or are themselves engineered to, empirically artificial positions. Nevertheless, the implicit and obvious assumption is that component data be of the empirically natural, zodiacal position of star, sign and symbol.
Neither the astrological community nor its commercial products and services utilize the concretely observable zodiacal positions. Thus, while the astrological community uniformly uses prior art systems, the public is not aware of this discrepancy from natural fact, especially as the various practiced forms of astrology imply or even assert that their methods are concrete. Moreover, what is not obvious is the magnitude and significance of systemic error, for its magnitude causes the data, the astrological artifacts rendered thereby and interpretative comments thereon, to be greatly comprised. The signs must be right and not corrupted.
Astrological methods, and hence their reference resources, processing apparatuses and systems, do not produce the invention's zodiacal positions and artifacts for the querist or for those who use astrology. If the error of prior art methods were but slight! Current methods essentially place every planet and angle in an incorrect zodiacal sign, or at a significantly incorrect degree within a sign, depending on the particular prior art astrological form, thus misleading the astrologer at each and every turn during assessment of a profiled disposition.
Indeed, when a Western astrologer says, for example, that in February 1998, Saturn is in Aries (per standard astrologer's ephemeris, e.g., Parker's Astrology, by J. and D. Parker, 1991, p.388), how should anyone using that reference know that this is naturally incorrect? Saturn was actually in the sign/constellation of Pisces at that time, see FIG. 4, for month, February 1998.
Aries is a cardinal, masculine fire sign, ruler of Mars, exalted by the Sun. In comparison, Pisces is a mutable, feminine water sign, ruler of Neptune (and by tradition, of Jupiter), exalted by Venus. These two signs, like all neighboring signs, are very different, with very distinct meanings for purposes and usages of interpretative astrology.
This falsification occurs not to just a single, isolated planet, but to each and every solar, lunar, planetary and axial component requisite to astrological purposes. The component data represented by all prior art methods, resources, apparatuses and systems consistently reveal empirically false zodiacal position/sign assignment and data. This systemic and persistent error is of catastrophic import because all astrological signs/positions change as a result. Products and services using prior art artifacts of position data will fully mislead any user's interpretation, information or entertainment.
I) Astrological Prior Art
On a global basis, there are three major systems of prior art astrological methods in use today. All three of these methods are in consequent manner either erroneous or factitious, being subsequently improved by the invention specified herein. These three methods are identified below as they are commonly referred:
Western, tropical astrology determines positions of planetary, solar, lunar and axial components not as stating the actual, observable locations of these within the twelve zodiac constellations, but rather under the factitious practice of assigning each zodiac “sign” with one-twelfth (30°) of the ecliptic (360°), beginning on the vernal equinox as Aries 0°, then Taurus at 30°, then Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and concluding in Pisces, irrespective of the physical zodiac constellations.
Western, tropical, astrology was institutionalized through conditions, conventions and data dating to Ptolemy (c. 90 AD-c. 168 AD) and to Hipparchus (fl. c. 146 BC-127 BC). Considered the greatest astronomer until Copernicus, Hipparchus provided detailed and exact mappings of star positions and constellations, completed in 129 BC (this is one date used to estimate precession herein), and discovered the phenomenon, the “precession of the equinoxes”, a 26,000-year cycle. His catalogue of positions was assimilated in full by Ptolemy and used by astronomer, Edmund Halley. Today, astronomy catalogues still refer to his work.
Ptolemy, however, had a greater effect in establishing the preeminent forms of astronomy, cosmology and astrology which ruled the next millennium. Although inaccurate as far as depicting the orbital relations, his work fixed the mapping, naming and designations for the divisions along the zodiac belt over the course of the year, initiating on the vernal equinox, as concurrent to the beginning of Aries. Ptolemy's lasting work is his thesis on astrology, the Tetrabiblios, that eternally fixed the astrological zodiac sign on the vernal equinox as Aries 0° for Western “tropical” astrology, also named the “moving zodiac”.
At the time of Hipparchus, the actual observable constellations were used—this is where modern Western astrology holds them to this day. Yet, over any lapse of time, a slow and constant phenomenon, the “precession of the equinoxes”, moves the equinox and solstice points westward along the ecliptic belt of zodiac constellations. The rate of precession is slow, almost nil (about 50 seconds/year), such that it barely moves one single degree (or 60 minutes) of the 360 degrees along the reference coordinate sphere during a long human life. Under the ecliptic coordinate system, this used predominantly in astrology, the precession of the equinoxes, general precession, is roughly equal to the precession in longitude and the precession in latitude.
Whether as being general precession under an ecliptic coordinate system or as general precession under the equatorial system, these two are shown at the vernal equinox to be equal to one another and reflect the elapsed precession of the equinoxes for the purposes of astrology. General precession is a complex measurement that involves several unique factors, in equatorial coordinates, precession in right ascension and in declination, whereas the precession longitude is a single factor, defined, and convenient for use with an ecliptic mapping system of astrology.
The precession of the equinoxes occurs because of solar, lunar and planetary gravity on the earth's equatorial bulge (lunisolar and planetary precessions). Precession renders the earth to spin like a top: the plane of the actual ecliptic forms an oblique angle of about 23.4° to the plane of the celestial equator, and intersects the equatorial plane at the equinox points. If the obliquity were zero, there would be no seasonal change during each year. The precession of the equinoxes causes the shifting zodiac position of the seasons.
The Earth's precession, orbit and position are continually being affected: by oscillations termed nutations, varying the speed of rotation and the oscillation of axis; from the Moon and Sun, the Earth's atmosphere, magnetosphere and oceans; by interplanetary mutual attractions, solar wind, tidal braking and space weather. Though these slight variances affect a planet's rotation and movement, determinations by simple fixed constants for general precession rates, for precession in longitude, and for physical star movement, of the zodiac signs at the vernal equinox, are fully sufficient over the 2000 year period involved.
At this point in time, the effects of precession over time yield significantly different positions than those held by Western astrology. Western astrology says that at the vernal equinox the sun is always under Aries 0°, but at the vernal equinox, the sun is actually, presently, 30 degrees westward, thus at Pisces 0°, this equal to Aquarius 30°. This thirty degree differential is accurate to within one degree, the precision required in most astrological artifacts. Note that with any more westward precession, the actual zodiac sign on the vernal equinox will have changed from Pisces to Aquarius, the Age of Aquarius.
Beyond the simple observable truth that Western astrology determines positions by factitious means, there are three critical self-contradictions within Western astrology. First, Ptolemy neglected to incorporate the precession of the equinoxes into his astrological catechism, though, through Hipparchus, he was aware of its effect. Although Ptolemy defined the vernal equinox to nearly accurate positions of his time, when he fixed this location of the equinox zodiac position, the zodiac constellations became, increasingly over time, factitious signs.
His failure to incorporate precession is understandable—did he think his system and records would be in use two thousand years later when precession was relevant? Second, current arguments say that Aries, the first sign, represents the new, fresh beginning of Spring, with its expansion and growth into Summer, and hence, must mark the vernal equinox. But this ignores the fact that on each vernal equinox, in the Southern Hemisphere, the equinox marks the beginning of Autumn, the end of Summer, and the coming contraction in Winter.
Nonetheless, even on the basis of claiming to prefer their methods because of the seasonal nature of the year, this very physical phenomenon, the seasons, is caused by the very set of physical circumstances, obliquity and precession, which the Western methods failed to incorporate. The precession of the equinoxes and obliquity cause the seasons. Their movements are related by a perpendicular and are not the same. By making seasonal arguments and marking the year according to the natural seasons, Western astrology should necessarily incorporate the shift of the zodiac sign on the equinox to reflect the scientific fact of precession, the causation of the annual seasonal cycle.
Second, Western astrologers contradict themselves by their use of precessed positions or methods in other instances. Some examples are given. Firstly, Western astrologers are proud to announce that we are on the brink of the Age of Aquarius. Now, these “Ages” refer to the position of the sun on the vernal equinox, and we are at the change from the Age of Pisces into the Age of Aquarius. Yet, Western prior art says the vernal equinox is always fixed at Aries 0°, contradicting themselves unless this is instead the Age of Aries, and always has been and will be, the Age of Aries.
Secondly, Western astrologers create their artifacts to otherwise reflect the obliquity of the ecliptic. The axial components of charts, principally, the perpendicular angle between the subject chart's ascendant and midheaven, reflect the practice that the midheaven is usually determined with respect to the actual angularity relative of the input subject's location on Earth to the ecliptic, not the equator. This fundamental axis in Western astrological chart artifacts is only ever exactly 90° when the subject's location is exactly under the path of the ecliptic. Here, prior art is accurate, though its signs are not.
Thirdly, Western astrology books and information sources routinely represent, use or make use of representations, that the physical constellations underlie as foundation and causes of astrological phenomena. Included often are illustrations suggesting the determination of planetary positions from the empirically observable positions of such within the physical constellations ringing the zodiac. Tropical methods “use” a physically sophomoric “moving” zodiac “sign” system, but often depict the twelve astrological signs as the zodiac constellations of physical stars. Yet, actual positions in the zodiac regions are never shown concurrent with their factitious zodiac signs.
2) Eastern Astrology:
Now, in books and practice, many knowledgeable and expert astrologers say that the determination of positions based on the applicable constellations is performed by the prior art form of Eastern, “Hindu”, “vedic” and “sidereal” astrology. These astrologers frequently cite the precession of the equinoxes as crux of the fundament of their methods for the determination of positions: these sources state that their positions can be calculated from the Western positions for a given subject by adjusting for a differential increment. This is supposed to make the positions adjusted for precession since the ancient times.
This differential is termed, in vedic parlance, the ayanamsa, and is alleged by Hindu, vedic and sidereal astrologers to be the correct, precession adjustment for the correction over time from the Western tropical positions. There are many slightly differing numbers on the applicable degree adjustment, but all Eastern sources place the correct ayanamsa between 19 and 25 degrees, with all of the leading references quoting a figure of between 23 and 24 degrees for present day. These methods best estimates (23½°) mirror the angle of the ecliptic's obliquity in magnitude and variance.
It is worth remarking that variation occurs in the angle of obliquity over a lengthy 41,000-year cycle, but never by more than a few degrees in either direction, such that the present angle, about 23.4°, is near to the middle of the range in values. Thus, the variation across the degree estimations of the ayanamsa by leading Eastern experts also belies the fact that this astrological method identifies and adjusts by the angle of obliquity. However, it is the degrees of general precession, appropriately in ecliptic systems, the precession in longitude, that correctly defines the adjustment from the Western positions.
Astronomers' references cite the figure of 30° degrees as the elapsed amount of precession from Aries 0° on the vernal equinox. As additional proofs, the actual degrees of precession since the time of Hipparchus can be approximated using Newcomb's constant for precession in longitude (50.26 seconds per year) times the elapsed time from 129 BC to 1997 AD (2126 years), divided by 60 seconds per minute and by 60 minutes per degree. The result is 29.7 degrees. The Eastern ayanamsa is not set to Ptolemy (c. 150 AD: this would be some 26 degrees of precession).
Since the amount of precession, the ayanamsa, from the Western zodiac signs and positions, is now a 30 degree subtraction, a real and substantial imprecision results when using Eastern methods. All Eastern (and Western) signs of the zodiac, listed for calendar dates of signs and sign changes, are in error. All calculations of Eastern (and Western) component positions, to degree, are in error. Eastern astrology emphasizes sign over degree; on average, 20% ( 6/30) of sign assignations are errant; under Eastern, if the ascendant is errant all houses err.
On page 30 of her book, Vedic Astrology, Samuel Weiser Inc., 1997, Ms. Ronnie Dreyer claims as fact that the vernal equinox, Mar. 21, 1997, falls at Pisces 6°17″, instead of Western astrology's Aries 0°. As Ms. Dreyer correctly points out, page 33, because of Eastern astrology's emphasis on sign over degree, though accuracy to the degree is required to convert Western data, “a discrepancy . . . between the ayanamsas . . . can make a very marked difference, especially with planets that change signs according to different ayanamsas”. Hence the invention's methods help here.
Eastern astrology is widely practiced by the people in the nations of China, Asia, India, Moslem Near East and much of Africa. Vedic astrology's purposes tend to be focused on the spiritual enlightenment of the inquiring subject, much as the New Age astrology directs inquiry. Vedic astrology can be shown to share mainly similarities to the practiced Western astrology, for instance, twelve zodiac signs, twelve houses, ascendant, sun and planets (usu. excluding the outer planets) and lunar nodes, with their meaning and correspondences as concordant to Western ones.
Vedic (Hindu) astrologers do not create a circular astrology chart like their Western counterparts. Rather they form a box square of twelve house units, some with an open middle. Thus, rather than a circle, the zodiac is pictured within a box. Some siderealists use a circular chart. Of greater significance, all of these Eastern astrology charts do not render angles and houses at the exact degree within a zodiac sign, say, an ascendant at Libra 15°. Each house is solely dedicated to a single sign, here, the first house is simply Libra, although the ayanamsa calculated out Libra 15°.
In Western astrology the exact detail typically would be transposed, let's assume here a Western ascendant of Libra 15°, hence the first house begins at Libra 15°. The Western's first house generally contains parts of two signs since it runs up to the second house angle, say, thirty degrees later, at Scorpio 15°. The Eastern second house is just Scorpio, from 0°-30°. Thus, if a position was at Scorpio 2° for both systems, it would be in the first house under Western astrology, while it would be in the second house under the Eastern methods. Eastern houses are each 30° long (one sign); Western ones can be equal, but more often are of “placidus” design, not equal, or other convention is used.
3) Chinese Astrology:
The third form of astrology, Chinese, is based on a cycle of twelve animals, each being designated a year of regency in continuing order. Each animal has been attributed characteristics, with differences among any one animal type being further describable by element category. There are five elements: metal, water, wood, fire and earth (Western has four elements: fire, water, air and earth). All astrological forms have two polarities: expressed as any of: yang and yin; positive and negative; masculine and feminine; and/or active and passive.
Chinese astrology shares Western and Eastern astrological formats in that it has twelve signs, with each animal therefore often held as corresponding to the one of the twelve zodiac signs and constellations. Chinese astrology emphasizes lunar position, in fact unlike Western and Eastern (tropical year, Gregorian) calendars, the Chinese method is based on lunar calendar cycles of 60 years generated from the five twelve-year animal variations. The Chinese animals are lunar signs, in contrast to Western emphasis on a solar sign.
Unlike Eastern astrology, which fully corresponds to Western astrology, but with different names and artifact designs, Chinese astrology is focused on a reduced set of astrological components, principally the lunar sign, specified by animal and element, and the ascendant sign, also one of the twelve animals, determined by the time of day in which the subject is born, with each sign affixed with 2 of 24 hours per day. The lunar sign is held to hold import for the course of one's life; the ascendant reflects personality.
Chinese astrology places great weight upon the balance of elements present in each subject's case. The preferable disposition has a representation by each of the elements, as the sixty different lunar years and ascendant lunar sign, etc., give that opportunity. In the absence of balanced representation within the subject profile, the Chinese recommendation is to compensate and balance by evocative naming or a marriage or partnership which add vital elements. Chinese astrology describes the animals and elements at play in an individual life and in one's relationships with others.
Each lunar animal sign is given a month of the year, enabling the Western and Eastern zodiac sun sign systems (a tropical year is equinox to equinox) to be connected and reflected in the Chinese astrological form. Each animal year also has two elements: one relating to the specific year and one that is fixed of the animal. The Chinese form is based on a lunar calendar, institutionalized by Emperor Huang Ti, c. 2637 BC. It is an agrarian calendar system, claimed to be based on and to reflect the annual seasons and growth cycles.
At first glance, it might seem odd that the first animal lunar sign, the Rat, is found corresponding to the calendar dates, November 22nd-December 21st. Under Western astrology, this same set of dates is held to be under the solar sign of Sagittarius. Remembering precession, this same period is, per invention, under the sign of Scorpio. How can this be proven? In the year 2637 BC, the vernal equinox would have been in the sign of Taurus. Under this Taurus sun, the first full moon is found in its opposite sign, Scorpio.
Hence, the first lunar sign, commensurate with the start of the seasons and growing cycles in 2637 BC, is the Rat, corresponding to the invention's solar sign of Scorpio and to its current calendar dates, November 22nd-December 21st. The list of animal ascendants for the time of day also seems arcane. This can be explained, again, via precession, and without this effect in explication, neither the ascendant by hours or solar date correspondences between Chinese animals and zodiac signs have any logical basis which reconcile these relations.
The Chinese calendar, while focused on the seasons, and hence, its first lunar sign animal is to be found on the vernal equinox, actually begins about the end of January each year. In the year 2637 BC, the Sun, then, would have been in the sign of Pisces. The Sun and ascendant are identical at sun-up. Sun-up in China then would occur in the period, 7 A.M. to 9 A.M., for which time of day the Dragon is assigned. This sign, by the Chinese form, has had the present solar dates, March 21st-April 19th, when the Sun by invention has been in the zodiac sign of Pisces.
II) Astrological and Astronomical Reference Resources
This section has so far examined the zodiac positions of components used in astrological artifacts and as information, showing where and how the three prior art astrological forms are factitious or in error. Recalling Webster's definition of astrology, the astrological profile is developed from positions and aspects. The positions are the primary artifacts of information which must be determined. Once the component positions are known with accuracy, then the aspects between components are found and identified, as a secondary matter.
To the aid of Western, Eastern and Chinese astrologers, in their determination of the component positions, is a dedicated reference resource, termed an ephemeris. Now, an astrologer's ephemeris shows the positions of sun, moon and planets by zodiac sign and degree (one of thirty per sign), per Western methods. Uniformly, Western references and resources do not contain the invention's positions by sign and to degree for any of the astrological components, for or at any and all of the various epochs for which their positions and component data are given.
This is not to assert that prior art astrological ephemerides, aspectarians, reference resources and computer programs do not perform an accurate form of astrometry. Indeed, from the data and/or outputs of prior art resources, accurate information is represented, but for it to state the astrological position per this invention, these data and/or output would have to be additionally processed. The prior art data in ephemerides, book of houses, or as obtained from prior art astrology programs and books can be made per invention after appropriate adjustment.
What may come as a surprise is that astronomers' ephemerides of the sun, moon and planets do not provide the invention's astrological positions either, without a transformation of the data and/or output. With astronomer's positional data, the data is in formats, either, a) not otherwise known and used by astrologers, such as by right ascension and declination, or by local apparent sidereal time, etc., or b) that are misleading, such as by thirteen zodiac constellations under the IAU delineations, or c) that are identical to astrological resources.
In short, the astrologer's reference format requires the components' ecliptic coordinate positions to be given by zodiac sign and often, by the degree (of 30) within the sign. As an example of a prior art astrological ephemeris, see Parker's Astrology. Julia and Derek Parker. Dorling Kindersley Publishing. New York. 1991. Compare the information on March 1960, page 369, with that of an astronomer's ephemeris which meets the format per astrology, see The Complete Planetary Ephemeris for 1950 to 2000 AD. Hieratic Publishing. MA. 1975.
For instance, on March 7th, 1960, the Sun is listed in the astrology ephemeris at Pisces 16.4°, while in the astronomy ephemeris, it's longitude is listed at Pisces 16° 26.4′ (i.e. 16.44°). These, and all the data for the given solar, lunar and planetary components in every epoch, are similar. The reason is essentially identical to that previously discussed: based on historical conventions from 2000 years ago, the zodiac sign on the vernal equinox is always marked by astronomers, if marked at all, as Aries 0°, commonly referred to as, “the first point of Aries”.
Other types of ephemeris positional data of the astronomer, whether epochs are given by civil calendar or by Julian date, such as the right ascension and declination, geocentric rectangular coordinates, transit times, or in greenwich or local sidereal times, typically do not indicate the zodiac sign expressly, but instead, list positions in hours and minutes. An exception, also found on astronomers' planetarium programs, is when the right ascension is listed by zodiac sign and degree, though unless the conversion to longitude is then effected, the degree cited is misleading as it is in equatorial coordinates.
For instance, on March 7th, 1960, the right ascension is given by the astronomer's ephemeris as Pisces 17° 31.3′ (i.e. 17.52°). If an unwitting astrologer were to use this data, thinking it was Western form, the amount of error (over one degree) would be unacceptable for some astrological purposes and artifacts. To use this data, a trigonometric equation for coordinate transformation is required to render the right ascension into the precise longitude. Most astronomy data for component positions are not listed by the signs and degrees.
If an astrologer utilized an astronomer's ephemeris program, such as NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Ephemeris Generator, (http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov), and requested the zodiac sign constellations for the Sun's position throughout the course of the year, one might be surprised to find the named signs for many dates at such variance with the accepted solar dates used in astrology. This type of ephemeris provides for constellation ID as defined by IAU (1930) boundary delineations. This standard has thirteen non-uniform, unequal zodiac signs (the twelve traditional signs, plus Ophiuchus).
For the purposes of astrology and planetary astronomy, the reliance upon twelve zodiac signs is both logical and apparent. Mapping and sighting are greatly facilitated by dividing the celestial sphere of 360° into equal sections, twelve by thirty degrees. The use of thirteen odd, non-uniform, sky regions is a burden on a novice. Also, the insertion of Ophiuchus, between Scorpio and Sagittarius, is argued for based on the ecliptic's path, and change to it, but a visual, non-grid perspective on the ecliptic's current movement in that region does not necessarily convince one of this need.
The use of twelve is the civil calendar standard of months, driven by the seasons, and reflects the long-standing and well-developed lore pursuant to astrological inquiry and understanding. All major forms of astrology utilize a twelve sign convention. Astronomers may have no need to change their ephemerides to reflect precession, as their data needs not bear any astrological significance. It, however, is clear and direct to state, find, understand and imagine the invention's component data, rather than using the “first point of Aries”, which calls that first 30 degree segment of the ecliptic the sign of Aries, though the constellation Pisces is there in reality. If anything concrete is driving astrological phenomena, it is the actual, physical zodiac star sign constellations along the ecliptic.
The “tropical year” is measured as the length from equinox to equinox, 365.24 days, marking the complete annual cycle of the seasons and underlying the Gregorian civil calendar. The synodic month, 29.5 days, marks the cycle through the lunar phases. At the vernal equinox, the Sun crosses north over the equator. Time, specifically, the duration of a second, is the most accurately measured unit known, though many of its properties are unknown.
The principal time standard in astrological use today is Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), established 1884 as the world's official time. The meridian through the Greenwich Observatory was designated as the prime meridian. Astronomical measurements were used to mark GMT local time; other time zones added or subtracted a related number of hours. Astronomical and astrological ephemerides, data and artifacts were, and still are, honed to GMT specifications. Modern time-keepers, however, no longer use astronomical time.
Instead, the current official world time standard derives off of International Atomic Time (TAI), and is termed, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), this being based off multiple coordinated atomic clocks located around the globe and in space. A single blended, refined value originates from a scientific center near Paris. Universal Time is used in astrological and astronomical data, usually having the Greenwich meridian. Variants of UT exist, as do Greenwich and Local Sidereal Time, plus another format called Ephemeris Time.
While small distinctions result and are required for the various time standard used, conversions exist in references for the manipulation between these time formats, between the coordinate systems, and between these two sets of structures. Thus, there are no existent barriers to the transformation or rendering of any given set of accurate data values into or from astrological component positions, specified per invention, for instance, by zodiac sign and degree, incorporating and displaying the position, properly and accurately accounted for precession.
Coordinate systems have two defining features—the origin of the coordinate perspective and the referential planes of spherical coordinates. For astrological purposes, the origin is “topocentric”, i.e. from the spot of the observer on the surface of the Earth; “apparent” positions. Spherical coordinates in astrological references today show position by celestial longitude and latitude, ecliptic coordinates, standardized by Ptolemy, based on Hipparchus. Astronomy today uses mainly right ascension and declination of the equatorial coordinate system or of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinates (X, Y, Z and R).
Hipparchus divided the ecliptic and the equator into the same twelve 30° regions, naming each for the zodiacal constellation occupying the region. The Surya Siddhanta, the canon of Hindu astronomy, named each twelfth of the circumference with similar zodiac constellations. These markings and assignations remain unchanged today, except, as mentioned previously, under the IAU thirteen constellation delineations. Exact physical description and positions of the zodiacal stars and constellation mapping outlines are available from prior art.
Positions of the sun, moon and planets used to proceed from direct observation. Now, ephemerides are generated using sophisticated algorithms. However, high precision determination of positions is achieved via planetary radar astronomy. In fact, the “astronomical unit”, the Earth's mean distance to the Sun, was precisely measured this way. Regardless of means, sound, accurate data are feasible. Hipparchus' own data erred by 0.7°; Ptolemy's deviated by 5.5°. Petersen, Schmidt. “The Determination of the Longitude of the Apogee of the Orbit of the Sun according to Hipparchus and Ptolemy”. Centaurus. Vol. 12. 1967/68. P. 78.
In practiced astrology, the precision of positional data may not need to meet the extreme fineness of the astrophysicist. Much of astrology rests on the general sign involved, with the degree then being very relevant in determining the accurate sign and in exactly measuring for aspectations. Chinese, and to some extent Eastern, avoid degree specification altogether. In Western astrology, specification to the degree is necessary for axial and house data, for quick moving planets, and for determining inter-planetary aspects within degrees of orb. Critically, the sign must be uniformly correct without exception, the degree accurate.
It is in the interest of the invention's usage to address specifically certain estimates and conversions which are essential to the implementation of methodological, celestial and technical systems, apparatuses, resources, references, data and astrological artifacts, these astro-physical mechanics and computations revealing, confirming and correcting the nature and magnitude of error in the prior art galaxy of the astrology industry. This technical excursion covers the criteria and factors that shape context and data of the invention's astrology.
The point marking and ordering the coordinate positions of astrology's components on the zodiac belt, along the ecliptic's path and throughout the course of time, for zodiac sign astrologers and astronomers alike, is the vernal equinox. This point, defined at the ecliptic's northerly crossing of the equator, has the unique property, that at that point, this position, whether expressed in the ecliptic coordinates of astrologers and planetary astronomers, as celestial longitude (by zodiac sign and degree) and latitude (respective the ecliptic) or in equatorial coordinates of right ascension (as hours or by sign) and declination (respective the equator), has the same values, namely, zero, i.e. the first point. These two coordinate systems converge and are set here. Thus, one same and identical figure can relate the precession at the equinoxes to both systems, and to other systems, eg. X, Y, Z and R rectangular one.
The property of ecliptic and equatorial coordinate system convergence at the vernal equinox enabled Hipparchus to connect both these systems under the same twelve 30° zodiac signs. Also, it enables the amount of general precession at the vernal equinox to be implemented in both systems via the identical, single amount in degrees (30 of 360). This amount elapsed over time, at that position, is relevant to astrological improvement. It allows one simple adjustment factor and value at the vernal equinox. It is estimated and is approached below in a variety of ways.
The relation between ecliptic and equatorial coordinates is satisfied by any of several different equalities for any point and at any time, but the simplest for use herein, is their relation characterized as (see, Explanatory Supplement of the Ephemeris. H. M. Nautical Almanac Office. London. 1961. Chapter 2, “Coordinate and Reference Systems”, Sections A., B., and P. 26.):
cos α cos δ=cos λ cos β
Confirming this relation, for Apr. 21, 1998, The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 1998, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C. 1997, P. C8, shows the Sun's apparent right ascension as 1 h 54 m 17.7 s, with declination of +11° 42′ 50″, and the Sun's ecliptical longitude as 30° 42′ 03″, latitude of +0.15″. After converting hours into degrees (15 degrees per hour), etc., the values are entered into the above equation, confirming the transformation equation as an acceptable means to move between these coordinate systems:
cos (28.5737°) cos (11.7138°)=0.8599
0.8598=cos (30.7008°) cos (0.0042°).
As mentioned, except as at the equinoxes, the two coordinates systems do not post the same position for components at the same point in time. For example, the planetary astronomers' ephemeris, The Complete Planetary Ephemeris for 1950 to 2000 AD, Hieratic Publishing, MA., 1975, shown earlier to have longitude data identical in form and values as astrologers' ephemerides, has however, any component at any date specified by both ecliptic and equatorial coordinates. On Apr. 21, 1998, the Sun is listed at Aries 28.578° by its right ascension, but its longitude is listed as Taurus 0.698°, both fairly mirroring hours in the Almanac. But, unless one knows the difference and relations between these coordinate systems, as well as knowing that astrologers' ephemerides quote positions in celestial longitude, not right ascension, which they do not generally specify, then any astrologer choosing to use astronomers' references may select the errant data set. For, in the absence of instruction, both quoted values for the Sun are in the terminology used by astrologers.
Moreover, while there is a single value for both systems to calibrate the vernal equinox correctly, the annual rate of general precession is not equivalent or identical to the annual rate of precession in right ascension. The former's value, which can be used directly to approximate the elapsed precession of the vernal equinox since the time when “the first point of Aries” was initially set, is 0.0139696 degrees per year. Multiplied by the 2127 years, 129 BC to 1998 AD, gives a total general precession at the vernal equinox of 29.71°, increasing about 0.014° per year thereafter. This amount supports the figure estimated earlier, 29.7° of 360° general precession, this is one full sign back along the zodiac belt, an origin of Pisces 0.3°.
However, if one simply applies the annual precession in right ascension, 0.0128122°, to 2127 years, this precession calculates at 27.3°. This is not the full and correct value appropriate, but by incorporating the precession in declination, 0.0055676°/yr, the other major contributor to general precession, an accord results (The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 1998. U.S. Naval Observatory. Washington, D.C. 1997. P. B19.):
cos (27.3°) cos (−2127 yrs×0.0055676)=0.8697
arc-cosine (0.8697)=near general precession=29.6°.
While other precise methods exist to compute estimates for the general precession of the equinoxes over time, there are qualifying comments made here. Any date being called back to, ie. 129 B.C., as the origin and data set of the present conventions and required adjustments, is at best itself an approximation, since the work and catalogue of Hipparchus is concluded then, but began years earlier. Because the ancient catalogues recorded the positions of stars and planets with low accuracy, this data denies high precision statement. Personal preference on precision, or dates, is reasonably accommodated. Approximation by ecliptic precessional elements is also viable, or as by the reduction of equatorial rectangular coordinates (for listing of equatorial or ecliptic precessional elements, and on precession, see Explanatory Supplement of the Ephemeris, by the H. M. Nautical Almanac Office, London, 1961, pp. 28-37).
Today, “the first point of Aries”, Aries 0°, is a name and convention used by Western astrologers and planetary astronomers to name the vernal equinox and initiate the coordinate order. It is factitious, since it does not refer to the set of physical components that can be found independently in the sky, such as stars or constellations otherwise known as “the first point of Aries”, or the constellation of Aries, etc. Yet, a physical-based definition of zodiac star objects in the heavens was the original, non-factitious method, and basis for “the first point of Aries” as used and understood in astrology and in astronomy.
At the time of Hipparchus, a time when the positions and the coordinates reflected the concrete zodiac signs per region, the vernal equinox was physically marked when “the first point of Aries” appeared. Alas, this “point” was not a single star, but came to refer to two stars, Beta Arietis and Gamma Arietis, otherwise named, Sheratan and Mesarthim, respectively. These stars begin the constellation, Aries, but are separated themselves by about 0.3° in right ascension and 1.5° in declination. “The first point of Aries” never could be one point in the heavens, or a given star(s), fixed at the vernal equinox over time. See The Constellations. Motz, Nathanson. Doubleday. New York. 1988. P. 309-310. See Dictionary of Astronomical Names. Room, A. Rutledge. London. 1988. P. 92, 112, 144-145.
Nonetheless, this physical object definition of the vernal equinox, existent and accurate then, serves to provide a means to estimate the elapsed general precession of the equinoxes. Recalling that general precession is, to 99.7%, the precession in right ascension and the precession in declination, and also that at the vernal equinox, the ecliptic crosses the equator, hence, latitude and declination are identical there, one can use Hipparchus' recordings on these stars, and their present positions, to evaluate and render another sound approximation.
The star, Alpha Arietis, a.k.a. Hamal, the brightest star in the constellation of Aries, is near to Beta and Gamma, the former's declination being recorded by Hipparchus as “>12°”. See Maeyama, Y. “Ancient Stellar Observations Timorcharis, Aristyllus, Hipparchus, Ptolemy—; the Dates and Accuracies”. Centaurus. Vol. 27. 1984. P. 294. Recalling that Hipparchus' variance in error on measurements was about one degree, and that the rate of annual precession in declination is 0.0055676°, about 11.80° from 129 BC to 1998 AD, then today's declination for the star, Alpha Arietis, should be about 23.8°. It's actual 1998 declination at upper transit at Greenwich is listed as 23° 27′ 19″, i.e. 23.46°, which is within the error range of Hipparchus. See Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars 1998. Astronomisches Rechen-Institut. Heidelberg. 1996. P. 33.
Using the value, 11.8°, the approximation of the elapsed precession in declination, as the change from original declination, the commensurate change in right ascension can also be found for Beta (Sheratan) and Gamma Arietis, knowing that at the outset, their right ascension was near or at zero, hence, the change is about today's value. Gamma is west of Beta, appearing first as “the first point of Aries”; the first estimate must be Gamma itself, or just to its east. The mean apparent place of Beta Arietis for 1998 is listed with right ascension of 1 h 54 m 33 s (28.6°) and declination of 20° 47′ 54″ (20.8°). See Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars 1998. P. 31. Gamma Arietis, 1998, has right ascension of about 1.1 m less than Beta (≅27.5°), a declination of about 1.5° less (≅19.3°). Precession in latitude is near zero and held as zero here: stars parallel the ecliptic.
Gamma Arietis: [cos(27.5°) cos(11.8°)]/cos 0°=0.8683
→arc-cosine (0.8683)=29.7°.
The present positions of the “first point of Aries” stars, Mesarthim and Sheratan, given in equatorial coordinates, are (α=28.4°, δ=19.3°) and (α=28.7°, δ=20.8°), respectively (converted by inventor to degrees, from sidereal times, in Starlist 2000, Dibon-Smith, John Wiley & Son, New York, 1992). The ecliptic coordinates of the “first point” stars, found in
sin β=−cos δ sin α sin ε+sin δ cos ε
cosλ=(cos δ cos α)/cos β
Next, I subtract out the elapsed general precession since 129BC, in right ascension (0.0128122° to 129BC=27.25°) and in declination (0.0055676° to 129BC=11.84°), from current data of Mesarthim,(α=28.38°, δ=19.29°), to estimate position in 129BC: α=(28.38°−27.25°) =1.13° and δ=(19.29°−11.84°)=7.45°. Then, holding ε≅23.6°, to reflect its mean angle since 129BC, and using the same conversions just above, Mesarthim's position in 129 BC stated in ecliptic coordinates, was (λ=4.03°, β=6.37°). Subtracting these past coordinates from the present coordinates for Mesarthim gives elapsed precession as (λ=29.2° and β=0.8°). Thus, general precession ≅(α=27.3°, δ=11.8°) or (λ=29.2°, β=0.8°).
This section demonstrated sound estimations, these uniformly indicating the amount of precession in longitude, at the vernal equinox, to be west one full zodiac sign, i.e. 30 of 360 degrees, about 29.7° precession for 1998 AD, when calculated from 129 BC.
As shown in arguments, the general precession can be broken down into its equatorial coordinate components, some 27.3° in right ascension and 11.8° in declination, or into its ecliptic coordinate components, 29.2° in longitude and 0.8° in latitude.
Arguments also afford calculation to dates somewhat earlier or later than 129 BC. General precession, calculated from 149 BC to present, is 30.0°. The elapsed general precession can also be estimated using the position of the “first point of Aries” stars.
The invention's incremental adjustment is necessary on Western, Eastern and Chinese astrology positions, dates of signs, syndicated and reference data, and for any artifacts, systems or apparatuses. For Western astrology charts and/or computer programs, the zodiac ring is effectively rotated 30 degrees back.
In the means to this point, the inventor used where required the date, 129 BC, as the date at which the vernal equinox was fixed as Aries 0 degrees by Western, tropical, astrology; this is the date when Hipparchus is to have finished his star catalogue.
But, to begin to construct a star catalogue, the origin of the mapping system needed be first set, and as this is the vernal equinox, so, another valid and appropriate date to select for calculations is at the beginning of his cataloguing, by 146 BC. From 146 BC to the new millennium 2000 AD, is 2146 years. Arguments the new millennium begins 2001 AD, is 2147 years. Further, arguments for 147 BC project 2147 years as year 2000 AD.
Next, is measured the number of years time, required to equal thirty degrees of elapsed precession, as from that full measure of one sign, the vernal equinox is marked thenceforth, Aquarius, and continues on at that time from Aquarius 30 degrees.
In ecliptic and in equatorial coordinate systems, the rate for general precession, 0.0139696 degrees/year, can be applied to determine the number of years required to equal thirty degrees:
Starting the new millennium we enter the Age of Aquarius! Newcomb's precession in longitude per tropical year, 50″.2564 (+0.0222T, where T=# of centuries), epoch 1900, is one means to use to precess the origin in each year after the new millennium.
As follows, are means showing an independent, second proof, also substantiating changing from 129 BC to 146 BC or earlier, by next determining the shift of the heavens at the vernal equinox, calculated from the first estimate of the “first point of Aries”, the double star, Gamma Arietis, Mesarthim, marking that point.
Its current position, was roughly estimated earlier, as having right ascension (α) of 27.5 degrees. This approximated value can be divided by the annual rate of precession in right ascension, 0.0128122 degrees/year, to find the elapsed years since this “first point of Aries” star marked the vernal equinox:
2000 AD minus 2146 years is 146 BC.
This shows that at 146 BC, the star, Gamma Arietis, was physically observable as accurately marking the vernal equinox.
As a confirming proof that both the star based means and the numerical means are reasonably robust, it is collaborated that the 27.5 degrees Gamma Arietis has shifted equals 30 degrees elapsed general precession, their rates in ratio:
Thus, using a physical basis, here being the star, Gamma Arietis, which marked the vernal equinox at 146 BC, a full 30 degrees precession is shown having elapsed by the new millennium.
The precise current position of Mesarthim (α=28.382°) determines, 2215 years ago it marked the vernal equinox, determining an origin marked at Aquarius 29.1 degrees. Using a non-grid basis, Pisces marks the vernal equinox. These two means, star and non-grid, can also set the coordinate system's origin.
To this point, several means have been provided by which the origin of the celestial mapping system and astrological positions can be determined. First, it was stated, and is implemented, that the vernal equinox and every astrological position has precessed thirty degrees from Aries 0°, to Pisces 0°, this point being also equal to Aquarius 30°. Second, Newcomb's constant for precession in longitude per tropical year was used (50.26 seconds per year), from 129 BC to 1997 AD and from 150 AD . Third, it was determined by calculation of elapsed general precession over that period; fourth, by adding precession in right ascension and declination, fifth, by transform between equatorial and ecliptic coordinates. Sixth, a determination was made using the “first point of Aries” stars' positions as they were catalogued by ancient astronomers.
Then, a logical argument was introduced supporting the use of 146 BC or earlier as the date setting Aries 0°. A means used the rate for general precession (0.0139696 degrees per year), to show that at the new millennium, the equinox changes to Aquarius. Another means was determined, based on the “first point of Aries” star's ancient position and its precession in right ascension, also indicating the equinox change to Aquarius at the millennium.
Next, precise current position of Mesarthim (Gamma Arietis) was used to determined the historical date at which it was the exact marker of the vernal equinox, being before 146 BC. Finally, using the physically observable zodiac stars in constellation, as determinable from the two-dimensional reproduction found herein, it was shown that the point of the vernal equinox, is in Pisces.
All of these means are valid bases for precisely setting the origin of the celestial mapping system, and in turn, for naming the positions of any astrological planetary and axial component, of Sun signs and calendar dates, of lunar animal signs, of ascendants by hour, and for all astrological data, information and artifacts, including of horoscopes and subject dispositions.
Now, the essential consequence of these varied means for the determination of the origin concern the date when the sign on the vernal equinox changes from Pisces to Aquarius, and here, the user is advised to select the date from among the various choices which most suits their preferences or convictions. The various means presented herein do not otherwise ostensibly effect results found in the positions, signs, horoscopes and dispositions, since all data from these means are within one degree of each other.
Thus, the core mean prevails and is repeatedly confirmed: that the invention's astrological data, artifacts and information are based on a mapping system's origin at Aquarius 30°: Pisces 0°.
To conclude this section on the invention's technical means, several further means are detailed which can determine a precise setting of the coordinate mapping system's origin based on the date of the change from the Age of Pisces to the Age of Aquarius.
First, the given form of Newcomb's precession in longitude per tropical year, 50″.2564 (+0.022T), for epoch 1900, where T is per century, can be used, after finding the average value for the precession in longitude over the period, 150 BC to 2000 AD. This value is 50″.0419. Determining a full thirty degrees gives:
(30 degrees×60 seconds×60 minutes)/50″.0419=2158.1914 years
2158 years from 146 BC determines that the Age of Aquarius begins in the year, 2012 AD+70 days. This date, of 2012 AD, is accepted as significant to spiritualists, mystics and believers, many of who prognosticate that the Messiah appears in this year.
Others, particularly those who consider the admonitions and cosmic progression as revealed in the Apocalypse or Nostrodamus, may aver that before the Messiah appears, a phase of destruction and judgment occurs. To determine the accurate date of the era of destruction, a unique means using a physical star basis is given.
Acknowledged as one of the preeminent Rosicrucian alchemists of his millennium, the Comte St. Germain, provides in his obscure treatise, “The Most Holy Trinosophia” (see same, Manly P. Hall, editor, ISBN 0-89314-417-7), in Section IX, cuneiform inscription stating: “The gate of the end (completion or conclusion, ed.) when the Leg or the Waterman turns in the circle (the equinox in Aquarius, ed.)”. The reference to the Leg is that of the Great Man (Aquarius). In Section VII, in cuneiform-Hebrew, “And is the outbreathing of Everlastingness. Know that place (sign or symbol, probably a zodiacal constellation, ed.) to be the end (of the ages, ed.). The Leg . . . is the beginning of the destruction.” In Section XI, “To be the sign of the Leg with Everlastingness, to pour out and to be the herald of destruction.” The sign being XI is Aquarius; the Leg with Everlastingness is the eastward leg, bent in kneeling, as it supports the pouring of the water vessel.
The stars making up that Leg of the Great Man (of Aquarius) have right ascension ranging from 23 hours 09 minutes (α=347.25°) to 22 hours 50 minutes (α=342.5°). To determine that future date:
(360°−347.25°)/0.0128122° per year=in 995 years
(360°−342.5°)/0.0128122° per year=in 1365 years.
Thus, there is one millennium to come before the end of the ages. Mystics talk of a thousand years of peace to rein on Earth; this is in time. “Christ has died (Age of Aries), Christ is risen (of Pisces), Christ will come again (as Messiah, of Aquarius)”.
Ptolemy, in his Tetrabiblios, relates his astrological facts regarding the unique stars within each different constellation along the ecliptic's belt. He makes comments on the astrological power of the stars, bearing on the “power of the fixed stars”, with reference to those ones occupying the figures in the zodiac.
The constellation Pisces ends at its star, γ Pisces, (α=349.25°): hence marking the vernal equinox until 2839 AD; the constellation Aquarius begins at star, φ Aquarius, (α=348.5°), at the water vessel: marking the equinox starting in 897 years. Under the IAU constellation mappings, the constellation Aquarius begins at 23:54′ (α=358.5°): thus marking the equinox in 2117 AD.
This concludes the section detailing means for determining the zodiac sign to degree on the mapping systems' equinox origin.
The Natal Chart of
The drawing in
The present invention relates to methods, processes, systems and apparatuses for determining the signs under which a person is born, and for pluralities of subjects, by determining the zodiac positions for Sun signs and planetary and axial components within the constellations, as of a selected date and as annual sets of dates throughout time, as novel zodiac component data; processing the innovative zodiac component data into astrologers' artifacts; and utilizing such unique data and artifacts to predict, reveal, comment, interpret and entertain the astrological character of the subject(s), as based on the data of zodiac signs and components.
The invention's locating methods and celestial mapping systems determine the positions of the twelve zodiac signs, and the positions of the zodiac components based thereon, respective the zodiac constellations. The Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces zodiac signs are determined with regard to their respectively named Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces zodiac constellations.
Each zodiac sign with constellation is provided a uniform 30 degree arc of a 360° coordinate sphere, in any vernal equinox-based coordinate mapping system, such as ecliptic, equatorial or rectangular, with the conversion between these systems provided in the Technical Means section and in the
By traditions and conventions long known and used by astrologers and astronomers alike, the vernal equinox marks the tropical year, with its zodiac sign given by name and degree. Each sign has a uniform 30 degree arc of the 360 degree ecliptic coordinate sphere originating at the sign on the vernal equinox.
Western prior art holds this position invariably as Aries 0°, the first point of Aries. The invention's methods incorporate the accurate effects of precession, which, over time, shift the sign on the equinox. Since the time 2000 years ago, when these conventions were enacted, the sign on the vernal equinox and hence, all points on the celestial sphere, have shifted since ancient times one full zodiac sign back, west, 30 of 360 degrees, to Pisces 0°. In the New Millennium, the zodiac sign marking the vernal equinox becomes Aquarius 30°, the same point as Pisces 0° but a new sign. This origin is accurate to one degree, 1930-2070.
The precise marking of the origin, which determines the positions of the zodiac signs, each of 30 degrees, is established according to the means detailed in the Technical Means section.
The invention comprises a celestial mapping system for determining the precise longitudinal positions of zodiac signs and zodiac component objects and time as viewed from earth along the ecliptic and for deriving astrological data, artifacts and information based thereon, such system adjusts for the precession of the equinoxes, with its origin at the vernal equinox at Pisces 0°, axis continues east from Pisces 0°, through the twelve zodiac signs, ending in Aquarius, at origin, Aquarius 30°, wherein each zodiac sign comprises 30° of the 360° coordinate mapping system.
Proceeding East from the celestial mapping system's origin (0°), the longitudinal axis is divided by these twelve zodiac signs, each for thirty degrees: Pisces, from 0° to 30°; Aries, 30° to 60°; Taurus, 60° to 90°; Gemini, 90° to 120°; Cancer, 120° to 150°; Leo, 150° to 180°; Virgo, from 180° to 210°; Libra, 210° to 240°; Scorpio, 240° to 270°; Sagittarius, 270° to 300°; Capricorn, 300° to 330°; then Aquarius, from 330° to 360° (0°). See
Thus, this mapping system, wherein each zodiac sign commands a 30 degree arc sector of the 360 degree coordinate mapping sphere, is oriented by the means utilized to determine the precise marking of the origin. Based on the marking used, the zodiac signs are then assigned in order. For determinations of zodiac sign data, each of 30 degrees, and component data, based thereon, the specification implements an origin and system based on an exact 30 degree precession from tropical sign positions.
The zodiac sign to degree on the equinox origin is precessed each year by using 50″.2784 (+0.022T) epoch 2000, or 0.0139696°. The sign on the origin changes to Aquarius in the New Millennium.
Each zodiac sign is provided with a uniform 30 degree arc of a 360° ecliptic coordinate sphere, as is the convention within astrology. As an alternative or additional representation of the data, each component position can be rendered precisely using the actual layout of stars in the zodiac sign constellations, overriding, supplementing or qualifying the 30/360 component data, if any component is found to be within, or is considered nearer to, the imaged outline or boundaries of another one of the zodiac signs in constellation.
In order to map the longitudinal positions of the zodiac constellations, it was first necessary to Catalogue the Fixed Stars of the Zodiac Constellations in ecliptic coordinates, by longitude and latitude. Such position catalogue is invented in
The invented process for measuring the ecliptic positions of the stars and stellar objects of the zodiac constellations, and of any heavenly star, object, or constellation, enabling the cataloguing of said stars, objects, and constellations, in celestial longitude and latitude, as ecliptic coordinate data, proceeds by converting position data in non-ecliptic coordinates.
Expressly, the equatorial position data of individual stars and objects is utilized, wherein said equatorial position data comprised a star's or object's celestial position by right ascension, α, and by declination, δ, which further comprises, first converting said right ascension data into degree of 360, proceeding east from equatorial system origin at vernal equinox, having said declination data in degrees north (+) or south (−);
solving for said latitude, β, from said equatorial data by:
β=arc sin (−cos δ sin α sin ε+sin δ cos ε),
solving for said longitude, λ, from said α, δ and β data by:
λ=arc cos((cos δ cos α)/cos β),
which further comprises for said stars and said objects having right ascension data greater than 180 degrees, solving for said longitude, λ, from said α, δ and β data by:
λ=360−arc cos((cos δ cos α)/cos β);
yielding said data, of celestial longitude and latitude.
Therefrom, a catalogue of the ecliptic coordinate positions of the stars and stellar objects of the zodiac constellations was generated, wherein said ecliptic coordinate positions of individual stars and objects are ecliptic coordinate data: by celestial longitude, in degree of 360, and by latitude, in degrees north or south; as well as by longitudinal data of zodiac signs of uniform (by
The invention's locating methods and mapping system, and utilization of the effects of precession over time, provide the basis in determining the calendar dates of the zodiac signs, useful for deriving astrological data, artifacts and information.
Therefrom, the Sun's position and Sun (“Birth”) Signs and calendar dates' correspondences have been derived, as were the lunar animal calendar dates and ascendants. Such lists of zodiac signs by calendar dates, provided in the media, in horoscopes, in print, production, distribution, publishing, broadcasting and disclosure, center, originate, at the sign on the vernal equinox.
The zodiac positions of planetary components are determined for the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and Lunar Nodes, and with regard to the zodiac signs of Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces, with the astrological axial components of ascendant, mid-heaven, descendant, imum coeli, and demarcations for the twelve houses, being similarly determined with respect to the named zodiac signs, each of thirty degrees, with position specified by sign to degree. Determination of planetary components' positions within the zodiac constellations can be accomplished using a background of the zodiacal belt and stars of the constellations as underpinning for astrology charts and would reveal distinctions from 30/360 signs, and it can be accomplished using
The present invention relates to methods for determining, describing and predicting the zodiac influence on any subject by establishing astrological “artifacts” for the subject based on concrete, naturally factual, position data of the zodiac signs and components existing as of selected times and dates, and utilizing the data and artifacts to predict the character of the subject(s). To “manufacture” an astrological artifact is to produce objects, images, tools and outputs meeting the needs specific to astrology. The manufacture of astrological artifacts can be executed by hand or by software programs running on a computer or internet server.
Astrological “artifacts” include, but are not limited to, the data, information and horoscopes, based on the zodiac positions of component data themselves and the annual dates of Sun and Lunar signs, but also include the myriad charts, tables and aspect grids used in astrological analysis, as well as the reference resources facilitating the manufacture of analytic artifacts by housing or returning component positions for input date, time, location. Artifacts and information are constructed using “ephemerides” —calendar sets of component position data showing the zodiac position of one or more zodiac components for any given date or time—virtual table, or by sets of sign correspondences per date.
Generally, an “ephemeris” includes positions for the components of the “planets” —Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (and lunar nodes) as they move through the twelve zodiac signs, listed by recent order from the vernal equinox—Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn and Aquarius.
Other reference resources, themselves artifacts, include “books of houses”, which aid discovery of axial components over sidereal time and geographic location, and tables for lunar nodes.
For astrological charts, for instance, a “natal chart”, both sets of components, the axial and the planetary (Sun, Moon and planets) components will be used in tandem and must be determined. Charts may also show the zodiac position of the north and south lunar nodes, Chiron, Part of Fortune, or other tertiary component, these found by resources/processing dedicated to their positions.
For the manufacture of certain astrological devices of charts, tables and grids, upon which much astrological analysis rests, it can be necessary to define the angularities of horizon and axis, according to the date and geographical coordinates of the input inquiry. Once processed, these inputs return the rising (ascendant) and descendant signs of the querist's subject, the rulers of the heavens (mid-heaven and imum coeli) and the houses.
Certain aspects of astrological processing can be performed upon the user-specified input of date alone. Here, the subject of inquiry might be simply the locations of the sun, moon and node, and planets across the zodiac for a given day. These planetary component data are found formatted in ephemerides, or solar system calendars, presenting their zodiac positions for each day. Ephemerides, astrological calendars and daily aspectarians are tables by date, listing position in zodiacal sign, to its degree.
From solar, lunar and planetary component data, astrological analysis can proceed. The general character of the subject can be revealed for its zodiacal placements, since the signs of the sun, moon and planets have been discovered. Grids of Aspects between the novel component data can be created, revealing component interactions as established by their geometric relationships of: conjunction (aspect between planets of 0°); opposition (aspect 180°); trine (120°); square (90°); sesquiquadrate (135°); sextile (60°); quincunx (150°); semi-square (45°) and semi-sextile (30°). The aspects between components need not be exact, as astrologers allow for an orb around the exact value, these orb amounts varying by the specific type of aspect and the specific planets involved; invention computes aspects by astrology's standard degrees of orb.
Each component can also be categorized for astrological disposition: by polarity—positive or negative (i.e., masculine or feminine); by element—fire, earth, air or water; by quality—cardinal, fixed or mutable; by component in regency, exaltation, detriment and fall; for concentrations of components (i.e. stellium); for dynamics of end-depositing, mutual reception, midpoints and parallels (determined by latitude, not by declination).
When the full range of input parameters are known for the inquiry's subject—time, date and earthly location, the complete and precise astrological component mapping can be generated. Specifically, the exact time and geographic location of the inquiry afford the ability to process and return the axial components which orient the planetary components, as well as for more precise data on fast-moving astrological components, lunar activity, eclipses and changes of zodiac sign, or on changes in apparent direction (direct or retrograde) of planetary components.
To construct an astrological artifact involving axial components, such as a natal chart from an individual's birth date, time and location, the positions of these components need to be discovered by computational processing, which in part can be met by conventional astronomical or astrological procedures. The GMT standard is principally used in astrology and is the basis herein.
Certain aspects of the methodological processing required for data and artifact generation are met by conventional astronomical/astrological procedures. Here, let a location on earth specified by date and time be the input parameters. The local time input is converted to Greenwich Mean Time per standard time zone tables or algorithmic discovery.
This converted time is then adjusted for sidereal movement by a combination process: first, look-up sidereal time at Greenwich at noon for the date of inquiry; second, find the interval between the GMT time and noon; third, the interval time is added (PM) or subtracted (AM) to the sidereal time at Greenwich for noon; fourth, the acceleration on the interval is calculated as one second per six minutes of interval time, being added (PM) or subtracted (AM) to the result of step three. This resultant time is then adjusted for longitudinal equivalent to the input location and this is done by multiplying the longitude of the input location by four, with the result stated in terms of hours, minutes and seconds. This amount is then added (east of Greenwich or subtracted (west of Greenwich) to the sidereal time previously computed. This value is the local sidereal time (LST) for the input parameters.
For Southern latitudes, the local sidereal time calculated by the process is increased by 12 hours; the book of houses per invention is referred to: the discovered positions are converted to the opposite sign from that determined from the book of houses.
The process references this local sidereal time, in cross-reference to the longitudinal coordinate of the input location, against a book or table of houses, a look-up table or by database algorithm which returns the zodiac positions of the axial components per invention—minimally, ascendant and mid-heaven. Each house can be individually determined for complete charts.
In performing typical input processing, the following group of look-up tables, calendars must be available, in full or part:
For this example, the processing methods are implemented to determine the subject's Local Sidereal Time:
1) Time Zone=−5: Add 5 hours to Local Input Time=10:50 AM;
2) Look-Up Sidereal Time at noon GMT for date=16 h 02 m;
3) Find Interval between 10:50 AM to noon=12 h−10:50=1 h 10 m;
4) Subtract 1:10 from 16 h 02 m=14 h 52 m;
5) Acceleration: [(70 m/6 m)×1 s]: subtract from 4)=14 h 52 m;
6) Longitudinal Equivalent:(84.5×4)=338 minutes=5 h 38 m;
7) Subtract 5 hr 38 m from 14 h 52 m=Local Sidereal Time=9 h 14 m;
8) Extract Axial and Component Data from the Look-Up Tables.
The Book of Houses then follows below, for the portion relevant by LST and Northern geographical latitude. At bottom, are listings of the extracted Planetary Component Data, stated for celestial longitude and latitude, with the data for the Moon reduced from the Greenwich noon data, and of Axial Component Data.
According to the Western Prior Art, the input returns the Sun and Ascendant, Mercury and Neptune in Scorpio, four planets in Capricorn, etc. The Scorpio components predict and reveal the subject as a deeply emotional individual, loyal, intuitive and passionate, these as the foundation for thought processes, decisions, endeavors and inspiration. The Capricorn components predict the subject as highly conservative, cautious and conventional, materially and practically inclined, with a strong sense of status, responsibility and duty. The Western components in Scorpio and Capricorn predict an individual who is dark and stocky, with large bones. Likely occupations are psychologist, government employee, military officer, corporate executive. The astrological disposition of this subject is determined as highly negative polarity, having nine of ten planets in “feminine” signs of earth and water element. This indicates that the subject has a predominant disposition to react rather than to act, to choose from existent situations rather than to create choices and opportunities. The quality of the planets are reported as predominantly cardinal and fixed. This reveals the subject as a very stable individual and competent leader, with a fixed sense of self and others. The key planet in the Western manufactureds is Saturn in Capricorn, being in its regent sign, and this planet functions as the end-depositor for the composition. This predicts the subject resolves as a person, ambitious for the sake of material wealth and personal status, practically pursuing goals.
However, this is fully wrong. The manufactureds by the invention reveal that, in fact, the subject has a Libran Sun and rising sign (Ascendant), Mercury and Neptune, with substantial placements in Sagittarius. Each planet and angle is in a zodiac sign different from the Western ones. The subject is predicted and revealed, by the Libran components, as an intellectual and aesthete who is concerned with societal forms of art and science. The many Sagittarian components indicate that the subject has a religious and ethical nature, and is inclined to higher thought. On the physical side, the Libran and Sagittarian components predict a person who is fair, good looking, slender and athletic. Probable occupations include writer, artist, thinker, educator. The polarity of the subject is highly positive, or “masculine”, not negative, since nine out of ten planets are in fire and air signs. This indicates a strong tendency to empower oneself to personally originated purposes and to pursue these in life. The disposition and analytics further reveal qualities quite different from that produced by the Western Prior Art, as the subject's planets are predominantly in cardinal and mutable signs. This indicates a changeable, versatile nature, coupled with strong cardinal leadership qualities. Jupiter, ruler of religion, law and philosophy, not Saturn, is the primary planet for the subject disposition, with exaltations, detriments and fall changing also. This predicts the subject resolves as an enterprising person, philosophical, full of ideas to better life. Thus, the invention improves on Western prior art by correcting the demonstrable flaws of its methods, tools, resources and artifacts for usage. The results of the example represent the typical improvement for any input choice, with the invention demonstrating its innovation over the Western Prior Art and establishing its usefulness and general benefit to society.
Three comments are important. First, the astrological characterization provided by the artifacts produced per the invention's methods seemed subjectively more astute, insightful and on-target to the subject than did those by the Prior Art. As a simple proof of its efficacy, the subject clearly resembles the invention's physical prediction, not the Western's. Second, feelings that the prior art creates accurate artifacts stem from the astrological fact that the Sun of any subject, a preeminent astrological component for every inquiry, moves into the Western prior art natal position by adulthood, with progressed positions understood in astrology as indicating what the subject becomes or is influenced by, at that time in life. And third, by logic, the rational mind knows that it is the stars in the formations of the actual, naturally factual, zodiac constellations which is what, if anything, makes astrology transpire.
The interpretative and creative usages of astrological manufactureds are, to great extent, not topical to the invention. These developed specialties are independent of this invention, because they are not impacted by this invention. It is not an issue of interpretation; it is not that Taurus must now be understood differently. Taurus is Taurus. It is that the prior art assigns locations incorrectly, placing a planet, e.g. in Aries when it is actually in Pisces, and therefore misinterprets.
The Natal Chart of
Although the example focused on a natal chart, any variety of astrological process or artifact can benefit from the methods of invention. For instance, “progressed” charts (a chart made by progressing a subject's natality one day forward in time for each year of life) and “transit” charts (a format overlaying the contemporaneous positions of planetary components on a subject's natal or progressed chart) require position data per invention for zodiac components, as natal charts do.
Synastry, the astrology of pairing two subjects, requires each subject's data and charts to be first rendered per invention.
Standard charts are made in manner of Western-, Eastern- and Chinese-Style astrology charts, except that the invention's charts are based on and reflective of the invention's zodiac positions of signs and zodiac components.
From the Table of Grahas, one can see clearly that for every component graha, the invention's position, to the degree, is always different from the position found by Eastern prior art. The box Charts look very similar, which is because only the sign, but not the degree, is represented therein. However, importantly the Sun signs differ.
In
A circular base sheet is marked along its perimeter, being divided into twelve equal sections, each section being marked in an outer band on the perimeter by the glyph of one of the twelve zodiac signs in order along the zodiac belt, counterclockwise. Each section is further divided, marked, into 30 subsections, each of the 360 subsections representing one degree in longitude, with the point Aquarius 30°:Pisces 0° as the origin, 0° of the 360° grid.
Next, an interior circle is drawn equidistant between the base sheet's center and its perimeter. This line represents the ecliptic, with position outward from this ecliptic line being for increasingly northern latitudes, the area going inward to the center, being for increasingly southern latitudes, each direction extending or marked to contain at least 30 degrees of latitude.
Next, the actual stars in zodiac constellations are mapped and figured to the area between the center and perimeter, being mapped individually by longitude and latitude. The symbolic entity of each zodiac sign can be illustrated on its constellation space.
Onto this prepared circular base, the zodiac planetary and axial component positions can be mapped and rendered. An outermost ring with calendar dates, such that March 21st is origin, dates proceeding counterclockwise, aligning with the Invention's Sun Signs, Equinoxes and Solstices by calendar dates, can be added. On a radii from center, of axial components, latitude can be marked.
FIG. 9CI shows the invention's zodiac 30/360 grid-, star- and symbol-based positions for the subject. These three varieties of positions are unique to the invention, based on its coordinate systems. The nearby stars are also given for each component position to aid zodiac determinations. From the FIG. 9CI, the example subject has Jupiter at Sagittarius 5°, in the constellation of Sagittarius, near the star, λ Sagittarius, in the symbol, the Archer, at Archer's Drawstring. For determination of the invention's positions, the star catalogues,
The
The
c is the device of
To enable the creation of these horoscopes, three compilations of astrological data for the given day, with respect to the zodiac signs, are useful.
The horoscope method identifies, for each zodiac sign, any planets found in that particular zodiac sign, and attributes importance to the characteristics of those planets for that sign. The method qualifies that information by any aspects which those domiciled planets make with other planets. Then, the method identifies planetary positions by sign for that day which make a significant aspect to the particular zodiac Sun sign, and attributes from this.
For the purposes of this invention, the horoscopes of Western prior art Sun signs are not directly useable, or rotated, as the horoscopes of the invention's art. This is because, though by invention, a Western Sun position in, for example subject, Scorpio, is in Libra, the subject cannot use the Western horoscope for Libra, as by invention, the Western positions which underlie its Libra horoscope are actually positions and aspects in relation to Virgo.
The profiles by invention are generated by approximately processing the (Western) prior art component data found in the Jillson profiles. Here, all prior art component data are adjusted by an approximate, corrective, amount, being to shift prior art positions one zodiac sign back, i.e. earlier in the circuit. Thus, if the prior art established Mercury as being in Cancer, the invention's position of Mercury is in Gemini, the zodiac sign which precedes Cancer. By culling and adjusting the component data found in the prior art profiles, the correct component data can be discovered, and this data then served the purpose of analysis in line with the methods of the invention.
All of the profiles created by invention are reasonable, informative and entertaining as considered on their own. The invention does not limit or restrict the latitude for interpretative astrological comment, but rather supports it with the foundation of empirically valid zodiac positions. The invention allows the same personality traits to be discussed and pinpointed, though the analytic causality is different, since the invention identifies astrological components in zodiac positions at variance from the prior art positions.
From an astrologer's perspective, the celebrity profiles generated by the invention are arguably superior to the prior art profiles, since the analysis of celebrity personalities rests on stronger astrological causality. For instance, pronounced competitive spirit is attributed to Mars in its ruler of Aries, which Steffi Graf has by the methods of the invention. Jillson attributes this to Mars in Taurus, which is a weaker position for Mars. Similarly, Donald Trump's well-known activities and personality stem from his Sun in Taurus, this sign ruling personal property, real estate, physical beauty, love of riches and bodily pleasure. The profile by invention features this, while the prior art places his Sun in Gemini, the sign ruling the mind, communication, education and ideas. Because the Sun is a preeminent planet, if it were in Gemini, astrology indicates a fully different life focus, personality and purpose from Donald Trump than the self-made, real-estate, casino and beauty-pageant mogul.
Ancient maps of the heavens, however, were as apt to be drawn from the vantage looking in on earth, with the order of the constellations, the zodiac included, then being reversed in order and motion, from the earth-centered, outward-looking, vantage. From their system perspective, the subject is found in the opposite zodiac sign, and the zodiac sign order is reversed.
The top astrological artifact of
This opposite vantage from each component portrays which complementary influences the subject native needs to effect Chinese balance and holistic wellness and shows what types of opinions and experiences others may well gather from having interpersonal acquaintance with the subject. It can be thought of as revealing the zodiac sign in which a component apprehends the native in its own awareness.
The middle astrological artifact of
Reversal of constellations captures the precession of the equinoxes as a forward, not backward, shifting. This is because the order of the zodiac signs has a clockwise direction, this captured in the middle artifact, with an earthly vantage of component positions. Time does move forward, and one sees herein that the precession of the equinoxes now moves forward, too.
The bottom astrological artifact of
This is a variation of system perspective, as represented in
This specific ordering of the Major Arcanum cards XI through XXII is based on the tropical, “traditional”, “Age of Aries” ordering of the zodiac signs. The card XI stands as the zodiac sign marking the vernal equinox origin, with the signs assigned in order therefrom. Hence, under the invention's 30/360 grid, with Aquarius marking that origin upon the new millennium, the Age of Aquarius, Aquarius is assigned to XI. In opposite 30/360 zodiac methodology, the Age of Leo, Leo corresponds to XI. The FIG. 12AI shows examples of these orderings based on the sign marking the vernal equinox, and the use of a specific ordering is best selected based on the vernal equinox sign governing data. The FIG. 12AII re-presents Major Arcanum I through XXII, showing Arabic numbers associated with their respective Roman numeral Major Arcanum number. This drawing also lists the Image for each Major Arcanum card, as well as each card's Meaning.
Contained also in
The
The
The
This astrological tarot chart is useful for contemplation and interpretation, much like the standard astrological analysis. This means that Major Arcanum cards I through X are individually interpreted as to the Major Arcanum XI through XXII in which they are domiciled, much like one speaks of a planet in terms of its zodiac sign of domicile. Aspects between planets of the subject's data indicate aspects between the respective Major Arcanum I through X. The
Per Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, astrology is the “divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects”. Thus, astrological tarot includes the positions of the Major Arcanum I through X cards corresponding to the planets, in terms of their zodiacal and Major Arcanum XI through XXII positions. Astrological tarot also includes the aspects made between the Major Arcanum planet cards I through X.
Astrological tarot, and the subject profiles generated thereby, includes features which derive from the nature of complete tarot decks, including both the Major Arcanum cards (divisible into the two sections, Major Arcanum I through X and Major Arcanum XI through XII) and the Minor Arcanum cards (divisible by their suits, their court cards and their associated numbered cards) and the correspondences of the Major and the Minor Arcanum cards to astrological natures and qualities.
The standard tarot deck contains the 22 Major Arcanum cards, plus 56 Minor Arcanum cards. The Minor Arcanum cards are divided into four suits, of batons (“wands”), cups, swords and coins (“pentacles”). Each suit has four court (“face”) cards, the king, queen, knight and page. Each suit has 10 numbered cards, numbered from 1 to 10, each typically depicted with that number of suit objects in its card drawing (i.e. the five of batons card typically has five batons depicted in it). Each numbered card in each suit has a relation to the respectively numbered Major Arcanum card, I through X, and hence, to an astrological component planet (i.e. the ten of cups has a relation to card X and the Moon).
Contained in
FIG. 12EI presents the Correspondences between the four court cards and astrological natures, and between the four suits and elements, as well as specifying the correspondences between the three court cards (of some decks) and astrological natures. The drawing shows the composition of two unique astrological tarot (or “multipurpose”) decks, the first one containing 78 cards, being based on four court cards per suit, the second one containing 74 cards, being based on three court cards per suit. The three tarot court cards per suit are the king, queen and page, corresponding to the astrological natures of cardinal, fixed and mutable, respectively. The Minor Arcanum cards of these astrological tarot decks identifies the suit and its element for each card, and each numbered suit card is identified by corresponding planet and Major Arcanum card. Major Arcanum cards have image and correspondence.
FIG. 12EII continues from FIG. 12EI, showing the number suit cards, from 1 to 10, and the corresponding planet and Major Arcanum card associated with each number. Thus, all fives, regardless of suit, pertain to Jupiter and to Major Arcanum V. The FIG. 12EII also contains the tarot court cards per deck of 78 and 74 cards, and contains each court card by suit, with its corresponding zodiac sign. For example the king court cards pertain by astrological quality to cardinal signs, and the suit of batons corresponds to fire, hence, the King of Batons corresponds to the cardinal fire sign of the zodiac, Aries. In the case of the 78-card deck which contains four court cards per suit, therefore, 16 court cards, the twelve zodiac signs are assigned to king, queen or page by element and quality, with the knight court cards simply assigned the element itself, for instance, the Knight of Cups, with the element, water. In the 74-card deck, having three court cards per suit, therefore, 12 court cards, each is assigned one sign.
FIG. 12EIII continues the description of the astrological tarot decks, providing examples of the Major Arcanum to zodiac planet and sign correspondences. These two examples identify the zodiac signs for the Major Arcanum XI through XXII, using two of the twelve “Ages” for correspondence.
Any of the twelve “Ages” can be applied, drawn or indicated on either the 78-card deck or the 74-card deck. In FIG. 12EIII, the 78-card deck is shown with “Age of Aquarius” correspondences; the 74-card deck shows “Age of Virgo” —these are examples. The astrological tarot cards can contain a small, blank, box or field, in which the user defines the correspondences based on a particular “Age”.
FIG. 12EIV continues the description of the astrological tarot decks, providing detail on each numbered card of the Minor Arcanum, with respect to its suit and to each numbered card's astrological disposition, based on the number and the suit. For example, the Ace (1) of Batons. Each Ace corresponds to the Sun, and by correspondence to Major Arcanum I. The Batons correspond to fire. The Ace of Batons, by astrological disposition of the Sun in fire signs, is considered with respect to the three fire signs, Aries, Leo and Sagittarius. The Sun is exalted in Aries, at regency in Leo, and neutral in Sagittarius. Therefore, the exaltation and regency are indicated for the Ace of Batons. If a particular card has a neutral disposition for all three same suit signs, for example, the Ace of Cups, where none of Cancer, Scorpio or Pisces (the water signs) are in exaltation, regency, detriment or fall, it is neutral. The invention's decks of cards include indications, drawings, zodiac glyphs and symbols to represent the astrological tarot nature of each card in the deck. Other tarot style drawings can be rendered, as well.
The “composition of the court” identifies each zodiac component planet and its domiciled sign and therefrom provides its corresponding astrological tarot court card and the disposition of the planet in that sign. The “court” is composed of the ten court cards determined from the ten planets in signs. Each court holds ten court members, corresponding to astrological planets. Each court member is uniquely determined for disposition, so that, while the example subject's court holds three Kings of Swords, the King of Swords of I resides in XIX and is disposed in fall, while the King of Swords of II resides in XIX and is neutral as is the King of Swords of VIII. Disposed court members are important.
The “composition of the subject's hand” identifies each zodiac component planet and its domiciled zodiac sign and therefrom provides its corresponding astrological Minor Arcanum numbered card by suit, the suit being expressed as any or all of its tarot suit, its astrological element and its playing card suit. Each hand therefore contains ten cards, numbered from one (Ace) to ten (10), and the total composition of the hand is summarized for the numbered cards it holds for each of the four suits.
The unique astrological tarot correspondences, processes, data and cards of this invention are applicable to any tarot spread. Before casting a spread, the type of astrological component data and the “Age” of correspondences for Major Arcanum XI through XXII is specified. Alternately, a spread is cast, and then the interpretation proceeds from that basis outwards. Thus, it is not necessary that data type nor “Age” be specified before, during or after the spread. It is a matter of preference and comfort.
The spread contains ten cards, laid in order 1) to 10) as identified on the drawing, after first mixing the complete 78-card deck of astrological tarot cards. The position 1) relates to the present state of the subject or the inquired about topic. Card 2) concerns the hopes and potentiality of the subject or with regard to the inquired about topic. Card 3) indicates the fears and limitations of the subject or with regard to the inquired about topic. Card 4) shows the conditions from the past influencing the present. Card 5) shows the conditions of the future which will come to influence the subject or inquired about topic. Card 6) presents factors contributing to the subject's inner state of strength or weakness. Card 7) reveals the factors from the environment and from others which effect the subject or inquired about topic. Card 8) reveals favorable conditions and influences, untapped resources and emerging allies, and unforeseen Acts of God. Card 9) indicates the subject's or topic's future prospects or achievements. Card 10) is an integrating aspect of the spread, that influences or is influenced by the other nine cards.
The example spread has the cards illustrated for their astrological tarot features. An alternative illustration for the numbered Minor Arcanum cards contains their respective pictorial image, as found on some tarot decks, such as the A. E. Waite Rider deck and the Barbara G. Walker deck; the Minor Arcanum pictured in the example spread centrally illustrate the number of suit objects—in that aspect, similar to the Brotherhood of Light's Egyptian tarot deck and to the classical French-style tarot deck.
The bottom portion of
Beginning the interpretation of the example tarot spread cast for the same example subject, the two of coins in card position 1) is related to the subject's Mercury, as the number 2 relates to Mercury, and as the suit of coins relates to the astrological element earth, of which Virgo is an earth sign, ruler of Mercury. Hence, this regency indicates that the card 1) is a strong card for the subject, and that the subject's science, knowledge, learning, writing and intellectual endeavors are a key and present feature. Traditional meaning of the two of coins represents material instability requiring balance and skill. The card 2), representing the subject's hopes and potentiality, is Major Arcanum XIV, under the spread's preconditions, associated with the sign Cancer, that sign and Mj. Arc. Card containing the planet Uranus (VII) and the subject's midheaven. Thus, the subject has hopes for a career (midheaven) and aspirations of worldly achievement based on the subject's scientific and written brilliance (VII), as card 2) relates to card 1), these areas of brilliance being inventions, Uranus governs invention and discovery. However, the subject's midheaven in Cancer is disposed in detriment, indicating a difficult career. Because XIV, “Temperance”, is card 2), the subject is advised to temper and balance his furious effort.
The card 3) in the example spread, the eight of swords, relates to the subject's Neptune as 8 relates to that planet, this confirmed by the suit of swords, or element air, and the subject's Neptune is located in the zodiac air sign of Libra. This is a neutral disposition for Neptune. Given that this card is in the card 3) position, it indicates that the subject has worries and fears related to suffered injustices, which operate to impede his progress and peace of mind. The traditional Rider deck illustration for the eight of swords has a woman bound and blindfolded, imprisoned by eight swords. The subject has Mercury and Neptune in conjunction on the Ascendant, confirming card 3) having relation to card 1). The card 4), the three of coins, indicates an influence of Venus (III) as the threes relate thereto. The suit of coins indicates a quality associated with the element earth. As the subject does not have Venus in an earth sign, it does not indicate the subject's Venus, but rather, it indicates a work, product or accomplishment (earthen states) of the subject having a Venus quality, that is, relating to art or nature. By its position at card 4), the subject has created this in the past and it has become a key factor. Indeed, the subject has created inventions and intellectual scientific written works and creative music and art over the past years. Per Kaplan, the three of coins signifies “Great skill in trade or work. Mastery. Perfection. Artistic ability.”
The card 5) completes the cross formed by the cards 1), 2), 3), 4) and 5). That card position indicates the conditions of the future which will come to influence the subject, and in this example, it is the Major Arcanum XVII, “the Star”, signifier of hope, faith, truth and cosmic inspiration. It is, thus, a “favorable” card, meaning in part that associated negative influences are diminished. This applies to the disposition of the subject's planets residing in XVII (Libra), being the Sun (in fall), Neptune (neutral) and Ascendant (in detriment). The future for the subject holds bright and encouraging developments. By hope and faith in the truth, justice and honor (Neptune) comes to the subject. The subject's purpose and will (Sun) and the subject's personality (Ascendant) are imbued with cosmic inspiration of XVII.
The card 6) is positioned at the bottom of an ascending line of cards, position 6), 7), 8) and 9), this line to the right of the cross formed by card positions 1), 2), 3), 4) and 5), with 1) at the cross's center and being the first card drawn after mixing the deck. The card 2), being drawn second, is placed above card 1); the card 3), the third drawn card, is placed beneath card 1); the card 4), the fourth card drawn, is placed to the right of card 1); the card 5), the fifth card drawn, is placed to the left of card 1). The invention's card mixing procedure, or method to shuffle the deck, is to shuffle the deck three times, then cut the deck and shuffle the deck three times again, then cut the deck and shuffle the deck three times again, then cut the deck, and the mixing is completed, with the topmost card always drawn.
The card 6), in this example, is the Page of Coins. The Pages relate to the mutable zodiac signs and, as the youth and scribe of the court, it is not surprising that Mercury is co-ruled by two mutable signs, Gemini and Virgo. Hence, written documents, letters and communications are assigned to Pages. The suit of coins relates to the earth signs, so the Page of Coins relates to the mutable earth sign, Virgo. The position 6) relates to factors contributing to the subject's inner state of strength or weakness; the subject's Mercury at regency in Virgo is strong, stronger by its beneficial aspects to the subject's Neptune (conjunction), Ascendant (conjunction), Jupiter (sextile), Venus (sextile) and Pluto (sextile). The card 7) reveals the factors from the environment and from others which effect the subject. In this example, card 7) is the Major Arcanum XX, “Judgment”, signifier of reckoning, judgment, awakening and resurrection. These pertain to the reckoning or judgment, etc., occurring in the subject's environment, the process and outcome of which have an impact on the subject. That the “judgment” is happening to others is further implied by the fact that the subject does not have any planets in Major Arcanum XX, the zodiac sign of Capricorn, though the subject does have the Imum Coeli (IC) located there, this is its detriment disposition as Capricorn rules the IC's opposite pole, the midheaven (MC).
The card 8) reveals favorable conditions and influences, untapped resources and emerging allies, and unforeseen Acts of God. In the example, the Major Arcanum V was drawn in that position. As V, “the Pope”, relates to Jupiter, the subject's Jupiter at regency in Sagittarius indicate very favorable conditions. The influences pertain to legal matters, religion, philosophy and higher learning.
The card 9) indicates the subject's future prospects or achievements. In this example, the Major Arcanum II, “the Priestess”, was drawn, relating to Mercury, the planet of science, knowledge, writing, communication. The subject's Mercury, at regency in Virgo, is favorably disposed; the implication of Major Arcanum II is that the future prospects or achievements pertain to the subject's creative works.
The card 10) is an integrating aspect of the spread—it influences or is influenced by the other nine cards. In this example, the Major Arcanum I was drawn, “the Magician”, relating to the Sun, and to the subject's will, purpose and ability. Because the Sun is in Libra, corresponding to Major Arcanum XVII under the “Age of Aries” correspondences selected before mixing the deck and spreading cards, it is domiciled in the card of hope, faith, truth and cosmic inspiration, which is a beneficial influence to impart, but one which has to be protected from long-term negative external influences. The external influences presented in this example's cards position 1) through 9) are of generally positive influence, however, the worries and oppression implied through card 3), the eight of swords, is one area to cause concern. That factor may ameliorate in the future, as card 5), Major Arcanum XVII, of hope, implies. The appearance of Major Arcanum I as card 10) indicates that the subject's course is determined and executed by the subject's purpose, will and ability, and that the subject's capacity in those regards underpin the factors, developments and situations developed in the cards positioned 1) through 9). It is also mentioned, that the Sun is in Libra (“Balance”), a disposition of fall, and requires peace and quiet.
That is the spread method of invention. No other card positions are to be added to or taken away from this spread, if best results are to be obtained. There is one exception to that rule, and that is, an optional eleventh card is drawn, blindly from the top, middle or bottom, which addresses the question, “what must be known about the subject or topic which is not already known from the spread of ten?”. In the subject's experience with proper use of this tarot spread method, this does not frequently arise. As mentioned before, the tarot spread is useful for any variety of zodiac data type and any variety of the “Age” correspondences. The astrological tarot methods, correspondences and profile artifacts described and depicted herein are used and made with and from any variety of zodiac and tarot component data, in conjunction with any “Age” correspondence set, per user preferences and practices. The astrological tarot methods, correspondences and profile artifacts are useful for any tarot spread. The astrological tarot methods, correspondences and profile artifacts are extensible to any tarot deck.
Thus, the astrological tarot methods, correspondence systems, devices, decks and profile artifacts of this invention are universally applicable to the astrological tarot needs of any user practices and preferences, to any type of zodiac and tarot data and to any type of astrological tarot spread. The invention specifies the astrological correspondences and natures of the tarot cards, and in doing so, reveals how any deck of tarot cards is enhanced, modified and signified for astrological tarot.
The drawing in
Using the
The invention's third System of Correspondences, between the Letters of the Alphabet and the single digit Numbers, are found listed and diagrammed in
The number 3 corresponds to Venus, this in home regency in the subject's second house, and to III, “the empress”. The complete subject name, if larger than 22, can be reduced by summing its digits. Here, the digits 6 plus 3 equal 9. The number 9, associated as the roman numeral IX, the major arcanum known as “the hermit”, is identified by
The letters corresponding to the number one are A, I, J and Y. The letters associated with the number two are B, K and R. The letters corresponding to the number three are C, G, L and S; for the number four, D, M and T. The letters associated with the number five are E, H, N, Q and X. The letters corresponding to the number six are U, V and W; for the number seven, O and Z. The number eight corresponds to the letters, F and P. The number nine corresponds to the variety of consonant—H's: TH, CH, SH, SCH, PH.
Two, integrating, sample server-based systems are schematized in
The home page provides access to the Merchant Server System and to the Member Server System. The member server system routs internet traffic through internet security into a non-member anonymous FTP server with open access FTP content and general membership information or through a member ID proxy server firewall, from which the member ID server provides pay-for-services content, data, artifacts and information, using a caching proxy server to store member databases and archives. Payment is membership fee or per service.
In the example of
The
The Processing Mechanics consist of a complete instruction set, enabling and providing for the execution of processes and the output of artifacts. The Output Rendering Templates include those of astrology calendars and ephemerides, horoscopes, and the charts, tables, aspect grids, disposition and profiles for natal, progressed, transit and synnastry astrology. The Template Charts are of this invention's devices, and two- and three-dimensional displays. The Look-Up Tables or Algorithms consist of: zodiac planet components by day/month/year; zone standard time at Greenwich noon, zodiac axial components for local sidereal time; lunar nodes; part of fortune; plus, coordinate map of the ecliptic and visualization backgrounds.
The Printed-Matter Toolbox System contains printed componentry, of an ephemeris and look-up tables containing, or to calculate, invention's zodiac component positions. Written instructions are included in this system. A manual is provided for the processing of subject input values; these found data are transferred by user to invention's artifact templates.
The Computer-Based Stand-Alone System consists of a computer program in memory or on disk, CD or other digital medium, providing automated processing of subject inputs into astrological data, artifacts and information per this invention. The computer program operates in a stand-alone hardware environment, generating output and content via integrated routines, automated databases and coded output templates, to accomplish input processing and output rendering.
The Server-Based Networked System enables remote access for users via the internet and web, where the processing and output per invention are generated by digital automation. User input and the output of the server-based system containing the automation are rendered over telecommunications, of phone, cable, cellular or broadcast, or over networked wire lines.
The Modem, Voice, Dial-In System enables remote access for users via direct dial phone, cable or satellite dish, with input/output sent by digital or analog signal as information.
The
Determine Positions of Requisite Zodiac Components as Data entails: taking values for input parameters of date, plus time and geographic position on earth; calculating any intermediate data for zodiacal discovery, involving adjustment to local sidereal time; referencing invention's resources, ephemerides, look-up tables and algorithms, or adjusting prior art resources, ephemerides, charts, look-up tables and algorithms per invention's corrective methods; returning invention's zodiacal positions of astrological component data.
Requisite Zodiac Component Data includes any or all of: the planetary components—Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and Lunar Nodes; the axial components—Ascendant, Descendant, Mid-Heaven, Imum Coeli, Twelve Houses; the reference resource components—source component data in ephemerides and calendar, plus astrologers' and astronomers' tables and algorithms; the advanced components—progressed, transit, synnestry and composite data, and Eastern- and Chinese-Style artifacts.
The Component Data Processing into analytic tools and artifacts includes: processing of component data for astrological charts, tables, aspect grids, dispositions, profiles and horoscopes; formatting, rendering, imaging and manufacturing astrological data and artifacts; publishing, disclosing, distributing or providing astrological artifacts processed by invention.
The Manufacture of Astrological Artifacts covers invention's articles of manufacture: astrological information and zodiac component data; reference resources of ephemeris, books of houses, lunar tables, calendars, aspectarians and dates of Sun and Lunar Signs; astrological charts of natal, progressed, transit, mundane, synnestry, composite, conception and horary; grids of aspects between zodiac components of conjunction, opposition, trine, square, sesquiquadrate, sextile, quincunx, semi-square and semi-sextile, by astrologer's standard orb; tables of disposition having zodiac components by sign, element, polarity, house, components in rulership, exaltation, detriment and fall, plus mutual reception, end-depositing, archetype; horoscopes and profiles, based on invention's astrological information and component data.
The Astrological Apparatuses, Systems, Reference Resources and Commerce of this Invention include devices housing, storing, processing, manufacturing and communicating per the Invention.
The invention produces articles for the distinct categories of natal astrologicals, progressed and transited astrologicals, plus synnergistic typus, from the user-specified inputs of date, time of day and geographic origination. The invention established the locations of core astrological component, i.e. planets, houses, angles, ascendant and lunar nodes, mapping true zodiacals to output formats.
The Step 1 discovers the Local Sidereal Time from the subject input parameters. The Step 2 references the zodiac position of the components for the rendered LST, linked with the input geographical location. The Step 3 returns the subject component position data, zodiacal values, sorting and filtering this data into invention's assorted astrological artifacts.
see the
progress one day forward for each year per number of years, 30 years=one sign forward, solar progression to Western:
see the
per a), but with positions per solar-centered perspective,
per b), but with positions per solar-centered perspective, Sun's view of the earth in zodiac is derived from
per a) from perspective of each of sun, planets, and moon, see the
per b), from perspective of each of sun, planets, and moon, luminaries' view of progressed input per
overlaying the positions at present or for a targeted date, a) through g), for another time/place, in the
per a), including luminaries outside of solar system, these of stars and symbols, in
per e), including luminaries outside of solar system,
per h) and i), both earth-centered and luminary-centered;
any a)-k) with other a)-l), by combining or overlaying, as in the FIG. 6E.
Beginning in the application's section, entitled, “Nature of Error . . . ” and elaborately presented in its section, “Invention's Technical Means . . . ”, the invention has detailed innovative means for determining the zodiac sign to degree on a mapping system's origin. These twelve-fold means are found cited in
Comparison With, and Correction of, Prior Art
The invention's astrological information, data, reference resources and artifacts can be used to determine the zodiac positions and dates of Western “tropical” astrology prior art data and artifacts, by adjusting the former thirty degrees forward (one full sign, each sign 30°) East, along the zodiac belt, i.e. if by invention's art, Jupiter is in Gemini, then Jupiter is in Cancer under Western art. Eastern “sidereal” prior art data and artifacts can be created by adjusting the invention's signs and position data 6.5 degrees forward, East, for purposes of making comparison.
In reverse manner, the corrective methods are provided for rendering prior art astrology data, artifacts and information per invention. Western “tropical” astrology prior art signs, data, artifacts and programs are adjusted thirty degrees back, West along the zodiac belt; Eastern “sidereal”, “vedic” and “Hindu” prior art data, artifacts and programs must be adjusted 6.5 degrees back, East. In the Tables, Western, Eastern and Chinese Style Artifacts per invention's methods and data are provided, many in comparison to the Western, Eastern and Chinese Prior Art.
To “manufacture” an astrological artifact is to produce, by engineered process, objects, images, tools and outputs meeting the needs which are specific to astrology. Astrological artifacts of data, analysis and reference specifically tailored to astrological inquiry are not directly produced by astronomers' apparatus systems. Instead, astronomers' tools and artifact processing systems can enable the user to input parameters of time and location, and on command, render an image of the viewable sky per those inputs.
One such tool is “Swift's Guide to the Galaxy”, produced by Cosmi. These astronomy tools render the sky for any day and place, but depict only the viewable sky in one direction, eg., that part above the horizon, for instance, facing due East. In the astrologers' view, most of the necessary data is missing, since all directions and points of the zodiac must be rendered comprehensively and simultaneously. Cosmi's computer program also does not align or render the sky and component positions per the astrologers' convention for longitude and latitude of ecliptic coordinate systems, but rather, uses an equatorial coordinate system, with locations and mapping grids in right ascension and declination. It does not tabulate or export the zodiac positions of requisite astrological components, nor does it produce the astrological artifacts described herein.
The astrologers' artifacts depart from astronomers' designs in several key respects:
1) the inclusion of lunar nodes;
2) all requisite component positional data per astrologers' practice;
3) charts and tabular information relating the disposition and features of the subject;
4) angular aspects between the planets along astrologers' proximity (degrees of orb);
5) the comprehensive vantage rendered in an astrology chart rather than “visible sky”;
6) demarcation and delineation of the coordinate sphere by longitude and latitude.
The
The means and methods for determining position, further elaborated with remarks and relations in the drawing, include:
1a) adjust planetary astronomy's prior art ecliptic data, stated for zodiac sign, west one zodiac sign (each sign 30/360),
celestial longitude data is adjusted for elapsed general precession since time when first point of Aries marked origin;
1b) adjust astronomy's prior art non-ecliptic coordinate system data, of equatorial, rectangular, equatorial rectangular,
ecliptic coordinate data is converted from other coordinate systems by standard conversions, origin Aquarius 30°/Pisces 0°;
1c) adjust astronomy's prior art data stated for position types to useful data, being of apparent position to observer,
trivial differences from apparent position are corrected;
1d) adjust for any of astronomy's prior art time conventions by conversion, of ST, LST, GMST, GMT, UT, UT1, UTC, ET, TDT, TT,
relations between conventional time systems afford conversion, with an exception of ephemeris time (ET=UT+ΔT);
Western data, artifacts and information, apparatuses, charts and systems, zodiac signs are adjusted westward one sign (30°);
Eastern data, artifacts and information, apparatuses, charts and systems, zodiac signs are adjusted west, one sign—ayanamsa;
where Western solar zodiac signs are used, such as calendar dates of signs and ascendant, adjust to invention's dates, hours;
for astronomy's planetarium programs, convert zodiac mapping of stars and components, from equatorial to ecliptic system,
for astrology's data, devices and systems, use appropriate form 2), 3) or 4) to adjust origin, output, data and artifacts;
determine positions of the components and zodiac belt by single party visual observation(s) on a local, partial, basis;
determine positions of the components by precision radar, echo, image, device, mapping the positions to invention's origin;
determine positions of components via formulas of planetary motion over time, or by extrapolation between multiple data sets;
determine complete zodiac components along entire ecliptic belt by coordinated means of multi-party, multi-image, multi-set;
convert positions from maps and data of IAU 1930 delineation dividing the ecliptic belt into thirteen irregular zodiac signs.
“. . . Therefore watch yourselves very carefully, so that you do not become corrupt and make for yourselves an idol. . . . And when you look up to the sky and see the sun, moon and the stars—all the heavenly array—do not be enticed into bowing down to them and worshipping things the Lord your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven.” From Deuteronomy 4:15, The Holy Bible.
This application is a divisional of my U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 09/849,582, which I filed on May 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,776,618 as pro-se independent inventor, and claims benefit under Sec. 120 and 365. My Ser. No. 09/849,582, is a continuation of my PCT/US00/28838 of Oct. 18, 2000, and claims benefit under Sec. 120 and 365, said PCT/US00/28838 claims the benefit of my following applications: U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 09/421,192, Oct. 18, 1999 now abandoned; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/172,651, Dec. 20, 1999; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/181,502, Feb. 10, 2000. My Ser. No. 09/849,582 is a continuation of my Ser. No. 09/421,192 of Oct. 18, 1999, now abandoned, and claims benefit under Sec. 120 and 365, said Ser. No. 09/421,192 claims the benefit of my following applications: U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/040,442 of Mar. 12, 1997; U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 08/883,753, Jun. 27, 1997 now abandoned; International PCT Application, PCT/US98/13383, Jun. 26, 1998; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/144,056 of Jul. 16, 1999; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/158,065, Oct. 7, 1999. My Ser. No. 09/849,582 claims benefit of my provisional applications: U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/189,332 of Mar. 14, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/202,038 of May 5, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/205,290 of May 19, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/206,536 of May 21, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/206,603 of May 25, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/207,310 of May 30, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/207,415 of May 30, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/207,450 of May 30, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/208,580 of Jun. 2, 2000; U.S. Provisional Application, No. 60/212,694 of Jun. 19, 2000. I, David Andrew D'Zmura, am a pro-se independent inventor, the sole inventor/sole applicant/sole owner. The inventions herein were not made under Federally sponsored research and development.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040058300 A1 | Mar 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60212694 | Jun 2000 | US | |
| 60208580 | Jun 2000 | US | |
| 60207450 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60207415 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60207310 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60206603 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60206536 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60205290 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60202038 | May 2000 | US | |
| 60189332 | Mar 2000 | US | |
| 60181502 | Feb 2000 | US | |
| 60172651 | Dec 1999 | US | |
| 60158065 | Oct 1999 | US | |
| 60144056 | Jul 1999 | US | |
| 60040442 | Mar 1997 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09849582 | May 2001 | US |
| Child | 10671415 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/US00/28838 | Oct 2000 | US |
| Child | 09849582 | US | |
| Parent | 09421192 | Oct 1999 | US |
| Child | PCT/US00/28838 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US98/13383 | Jun 1998 | US |
| Child | 09421192 | US | |
| Parent | 08883753 | Jun 1997 | US |
| Child | PCT/US98/13383 | US |
