Patent Application
20240206548
The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices such as smoking articles, and more particularly to aerosol delivery devices that may utilize electrically generated heat, through conduction or induction, for the production of aerosol (e.g., smoking articles commonly referred to as electronic cigarettes). The smoking articles may be configured to heat an aerosol precursor, which may incorporate materials that may be made or derived from tobacco or otherwise incorporate tobacco, the precursor being capable of forming an inhalable substance for human consumption.
Many smoking devices have been proposed through the years as improvements upon, or alternatives to, smoking products that require combusting tobacco for use. Many of those devices purportedly have been designed to provide the sensations associated with cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoking, but without delivering considerable quantities of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis products that result from the burning of tobacco. To this end, there have been proposed numerous smoking products, flavor generators, and medicinal inhalers that utilize electrical energy to vaporize or heat a volatile material, or attempt to provide the sensations of cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoking without burning tobacco to a significant degree. See, for example, the various alternative smoking articles, aerosol delivery devices, and heat generating sources set forth in the background art described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,726,320 to Robinson et al., U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2013/0255702 to Griffith Jr. et al., and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014/0096781 to Sears et al., which are incorporated herein by reference. See also, for example, the various types of smoking articles, aerosol delivery devices, and electrically powered heat generating sources referenced by brand name and commercial source in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/170,838 to Bless et al., filed Feb. 3, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference.
It would be desirable to provide a vapor-forming unit of an aerosol delivery device, the vapor-forming unit being configured for improved vapor formation. It would also be desirable to provide aerosol delivery devices that are prepared utilizing such vapor-forming units.
The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices and elements of such devices. The aerosol delivery devices can particularly integrate wicks to form vapor-forming units that can be combined with power units to form the aerosol delivery devices.
In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure can relate to an atomizer that is particularly useful in an aerosol delivery device. The atomizer particularly can include at least a fluid transport element and a heater. The fluid transport element can be formed of a rigid material, for example a porous or non-porous monolith. The combined heater and fluid transport element can exhibit improved vapor formation in light of certain configurations of the individual components and materials.
In some embodiments, an example atomizer can comprise a fluid transport element comprising a rigid monolith, the rigid monolith having a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, and a heater, wherein the heater comprises a substantially planar heating surface, and wherein the heating surface is positioned to face the first side of the rigid monolith. In some embodiments, the rigid monolith is formed from a porous material capable of wicking an aerosol precursor composition into proximity of the heating surface through capillary action.
In some embodiments, the rigid monolith is formed from a substantially nonporous material, and wherein the rigid monolith includes at least one aperture passing from the first side to the second side for providing a conduit for vaporized aerosol precursor.
In certain embodiments, the fluid transfer element further comprises an absorptive pad along the first side of the rigid monolith.
In example embodiments, the rigid monolith further comprises at least one passage proximate the periphery thereof for providing a conduit for liquid aerosol precursor to travel from the second side to the first side of the rigid monolith.
In some embodiments, the rigid monolith has a recess formed in the first side, and the heating surface is positioned to face a base surface of the recess. According to some implementations, the rigid monolith comprises at least one aperture extending from the base surface to the second side. The at least one aperture may comprise a centrally located aperture. The at least one aperture may comprise a plurality of apertures, and the centrally located aperture can have a larger diameter than the remainder of the plurality of apertures. In some instances, the base surface comprises a boss through which the centrally located aperture passes. In some embodiments, the recess of the rigid monolith has a depth greater than about 30% of a thickness of the disk. Where an absorptive pad and a recess are provided, the pad may reside in the recess. In some embodiments, the absorptive pad may comprise a centrally located aperture.
In some embodiments, the heater comprises at least one heating element selected from the group comprising a heater wire, a conductive mesh, and a conductive trace printed on a surface of a substrate, or heater covered by thermally conductive materials.
In some embodiments, the atomizer also includes a thermal insulator separate from the heater, where the insulator may be a mica disk or other materials with low thermal conductivity. In certain aspects of the present disclosure the atomizer as described herein be included for use in an aerosol delivery device.
In some embodiments, the aerosol delivery device defines an air flow path from an air intake opening to a mouthpiece that passes along the second side of the rigid monolith.
In some embodiments, the rigid monolith comprises at least one aperture extending from the first side to the second side, wherein the aerosol delivery device is configured such that vaporized aerosol precursor is pulled through the at least one aperture by gravity force or by a pressure differential created by a draw of air moving along the air flow path along the second side of the rigid monolith.
In some embodiments, the aerosol delivery device includes a reservoir (e.g., a tank) including an aerosol precursor composition. The reservoir may be tubular or another shape such as rectangular, and the aerosol delivery device may create an air flow path from an air intake opening to a mouthpiece that passes through the reservoir.
In some embodiments, the rigid monolith further comprises circumferential grooves formed in the second side thereof, the grooves configured to help seal the rigid monolith to the reservoir.
The fluid transport element can wick or otherwise transport aerosol precursor composition from the reservoir to the heater that is in thermal connection with the fluid transport element. The heater is positioned exterior to the reservoir so as to vaporize at least a portion of the aerosol precursor composition that is transported from the reservoir via the fluid transport element. The formed vapor can combine with air that is drawn into the aerosol delivery device to form an aerosol that flows to a mouthend of the aerosol delivery device and exits the aerosol delivery device. The aerosol delivery device including the atomizer can be a single, unitary structure housing all elements as described herein useful for forming an aerosol (e.g., power, control, and vaporization elements). The aerosol delivery device can be a cartridge or tank that attaches to a separate control body, where the control body may include a power element (e.g., a battery) and/or a control element.
Having thus described the disclosure in the foregoing general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to example embodiments thereof. These example embodiments are described so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Indeed, the disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. As used in the specification, and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, “the”, include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
As described hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to aerosol delivery systems. Aerosol delivery systems according to the present disclosure use electrical energy to heat a material (for example, without combusting the material to any significant degree and/or without significant chemical alteration of the material) to form an inhalable substance; and components of such systems have the form of articles that can be sufficiently compact to be considered hand-held devices. That is, use of components of aerosol delivery systems does not result in the production of smoke—i.e., from by-products of combustion or pyrolysis of tobacco, but rather, use of those systems results in the production of vapors resulting from volatilization or vaporization of certain components incorporated therein. In some embodiments, components of aerosol delivery systems may be characterized as electronic cigarettes, and those electronic cigarettes can incorporate tobacco and/or components derived from tobacco, and hence deliver tobacco derived components in aerosol form.
Aerosol generating pieces of certain aerosol delivery systems may provide many of the sensations (e.g., inhalation and exhalation rituals, types of tastes or flavors, organoleptic effects, physical feel, use rituals, visual cues such as those provided by visible aerosol, and the like) of smoking a cigarette, cigar, or pipe that is employed by lighting and burning tobacco (and hence inhaling tobacco smoke), without any substantial degree of combustion of any component thereof. For example, the user of an aerosol generating piece of the present disclosure can hold and use that piece much like a smoker employs a traditional type of smoking article, draw on one end of that piece for inhalation of aerosol produced by that piece, take or draw puffs at selected intervals of time, and the like.
Aerosol delivery devices of the present disclosure also can be characterized as being vapor-producing articles or medicament delivery articles. Thus, such articles or devices can be adapted so as to provide one or more substances (e.g., flavors and/or pharmaceutical active ingredients) in an inhalable form or state. For example, inhalable substances can be substantially in the form of a vapor (i.e., a substance that is in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point). Alternatively, inhalable substances can be in the form of an aerosol (i.e., a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas). For purposes of simplicity, the term “aerosol” as used herein is meant to include vapors, gases, and aerosols of a form or type suitable for human inhalation, whether or not visible, and whether or not of a form that might be considered to be smoke-like.
Aerosol delivery devices of the present disclosure generally include a number of components provided within an outer body or shell, which may be referred to as a housing. The overall design of the outer body or shell can vary, and the format or configuration of the outer body that can define the overall size and shape of the aerosol delivery device can vary. Typically, an elongated body resembling the shape of a cigarette or cigar can be a formed from a single, unitary housing, or the elongated housing can be formed of two or more separable bodies. For example, an aerosol delivery device can comprise an elongated shell or body that can be substantially tubular in shape and, as such, resemble the shape of a conventional cigarette or cigar. In another embodiment, the shell may have a rectangular, triangular, oval or other cross sectional shape. In one embodiment, all of the components of the aerosol delivery device are contained within one housing. Alternatively, an aerosol delivery device can comprise two or more housings that are joined and are separable. For example, an aerosol delivery device can possess at one end a control body (or power unit) comprising a housing containing one or more components (e.g., a battery and various electronics for controlling the operation of that article), and at the other end and removably attached thereto an outer body or shell containing aerosol forming components (e.g., one or more aerosol precursor components, such as flavors and aerosol formers, one or more heaters, and/or one or more wicks).
Aerosol delivery devices of the present disclosure can be formed of an outer housing or shell that is not substantially tubular in shape but may be formed to substantially greater dimensions. The housing or shell can be configured to include a mouthpiece and/or may be configured to receive a separate shell (e.g., a cartridge or tank) that can include consumable elements, such as a liquid aerosol former, and can include a vaporizer or atomizer.
Aerosol delivery devices of the present disclosure often comprise some combination of a power source (i.e., an electrical power source), at least one control component (e.g., means for actuating, controlling, regulating and ceasing power for heat generation, such as by controlling electrical current flow the power source to other components of the article—e.g., a microcontroller or microprocessor), a heater or heat generation member (e.g., an electrical resistance heating element or material configured to generate heat as the result of eddy currents through induction, which alone or in combination with one or more further elements may be commonly referred to as an “atomizer”), an aerosol precursor composition (e.g., commonly a liquid capable of yielding an aerosol upon application of sufficient heat, such as ingredients commonly referred to as “smoke juice,” “e-liquid” and “e-juice”), and a mouthpiece or mouth region for allowing draw upon the aerosol delivery device for aerosol inhalation (e.g., a defined airflow path through the article such that aerosol generated can be withdrawn therefrom upon draw).
More specific formats, configurations and arrangements of components within the aerosol delivery systems of the present disclosure will be evident in light of the further disclosure provided hereinafter. Additionally, the selection and arrangement of various aerosol delivery system components can be appreciated upon consideration of the commercially available electronic aerosol delivery devices, such as those representative products referenced in the background art section of the present disclosure.
One example embodiment of an aerosol delivery device 100 illustrating components that may be utilized in an aerosol delivery device according to the present disclosure is provided in
In specific embodiments, one or both of the power unit 102 and the cartridge 104 may be referred to as being disposable or as being reusable. For example, the power unit may have a replaceable battery or a rechargeable battery and thus may be combined with any type of recharging technology, including connection to a wall charger, connection to a car charger (i.e., cigarette lighter receptacle), and connection to a computer, any of which may include a universal serial bus (USB) cable or connector (e.g., USB 2.0, 3.0, 3.1, USB Type-C), connection to a photovoltaic cell (sometimes referred to as a solar cell) or solar panel of solar cells, or wireless charger, such as a charger that uses inductive wireless charging (including for example, wireless charging according to the Qi wireless charging standard from the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC)), or a wireless radio frequency (RF) based charger. An example of an inductive wireless charging system is described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2017/0112196 to Sur et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Further, in some embodiments the cartridge may comprise a single-use cartridge, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,910,639 to Chang et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
As illustrated in
A cartridge 104 can be formed of a cartridge shell 103 enclosing the reservoir 144 that is in fluid communication with a fluid transport element 136 adapted to wick or otherwise transport an aerosol precursor composition stored in the reservoir housing to a heater 134. A fluid transport element can be formed of one or more materials configured for transport of a liquid, such as by capillary action. A fluid transport element can be formed of, for example, fibrous materials (e.g., organic cotton, cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose fabrics, glass fibers), porous ceramics (alumina, silica, zirconia, SiC, SiN, AlN, etc.), porous carbon, graphite, porous glass, sintered glass beads, sintered ceramic beads, capillary tubes, porous polymers, or the like. The fluid transport element thus can be any material that contains an open pore network (i.e., a plurality of pores that are interconnected so that fluid may flow from one pore to another in a plurality of direction through the element). The pores can be nanopores, micropores, macropores or combinations thereof. As further discussed herein, some embodiments of the present disclosure can particularly relate to the use of non-fibrous transport elements. As such, in some embodiments, fibrous transport elements can be expressly excluded. Alternatively, combinations of fibrous transport elements and non-fibrous transport elements may be utilized. In some embodiments, the fluid transport element may be a substantially solid non-porous material, such as a polymer or dense ceramic or metals, configured to channel liquid through apertures or slots while not necessarily relying upon wicking through capillary action. Such a solid body may be used in combination with a porous absorptive pad. The absorptive pad can be formed of silica-based fibers, organic cotton, rayon fibers, cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose fabrics, highly porous ceramic or metal mesh, etc.
Various embodiments of materials configured to produce heat when electrical current is applied therethrough may be employed to form the heater 134. Example materials from which the wire coil may be formed include Kanthal (FeCrAl), nichrome, nickel, stainless steel, indium tin oxide, tungsten, molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2), molybdenum silicide (MoSi), molybdenum disilicide doped with aluminum (Mo(Si,Al)2), titanium, platinum, silver, palladium, alloys of silver and palladium, graphite and graphite-based materials (e.g., carbon-based foams and yarns), conductive inks, boron doped silica, and ceramics (e.g., positive or negative temperature coefficient ceramics). The heater 134 may be resistive heating element or a heating element configured to generate heat through induction. The heater 134 may be coated by heat conductive ceramics such as aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, beryllium oxide, alumina, silicon nitride, or their composites.
An opening 128 may be present in the cartridge shell 103 (e.g., at the mouthend) to allow for egress of formed aerosol from the cartridge 104. Such components are representative of the components that may be present in a cartridge and are not intended to limit the scope of cartridge components that are encompassed by the present disclosure.
The cartridge 104 also may include one or more electronic components 150, which may include an integrated circuit, a memory component, a sensor, or the like. The electronic component 150 may be adapted to communicate with the control component 106 and/or with an external device by wired or wireless means. The electronic component 150 may be positioned anywhere within the cartridge 104 or its base 140.
Although the control component 106 and the flow sensor 108 are illustrated separately, it is understood that the control component and the flow sensor may be combined as an electronic circuit board with the air flow sensor attached directly thereto. The control component 106 may be considered as inclusive of a resistance temperature detector or the resistance temperature detector may be incorporated with the electronic component 150. Further, the electronic circuit board may be positioned horizontally relative the illustration of
The power unit 102 and the cartridge 104 may include components adapted to facilitate a fluid engagement therebetween. As illustrated in
A coupler and a base useful according to the present disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014/0261495 to Novak et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, a coupler as seen in
The aerosol delivery device 100 may be substantially rod-like or substantially tubular shaped or substantially cylindrically shaped in some embodiments. In other embodiments, further shapes and dimensions are encompassed—e.g., a rectangular, oval, hexagonal, or triangular cross-section, multifaceted shapes, or the like. In particular, the power unit 102 may be non-rod-like and may rather be substantially rectangular, round, or have some further shape. Likewise, the power unit 102 may be substantially larger than a power unit that would be expected to be substantially the size of a conventional cigarette.
The reservoir 144 illustrated in
In use, when a user draws on the article 100, airflow is detected by the sensor 108, the heating element 134 is activated, and the components for the aerosol precursor composition are vaporized by the heating element 134. Drawing upon the mouthend of the article 100 causes ambient air to enter the air intake 118 and pass through the cavity 125 in the coupler 124 and the central opening in the projection 141 of the base 140. In the cartridge 104, the drawn air combines with the formed vapor to form an aerosol. The aerosol is whisked, aspirated, or otherwise drawn away from the heating element 134 and out the mouth opening 128 in the mouthend of the article 100. Alternatively, in the absence of an airflow sensor, the heating element 134 may be activated manually, such as by a push button.
An input element may be included with the aerosol delivery device (and may replace or supplement an airflow or pressure sensor). The input may be included to allow a user to control functions of the device and/or for output of information to a user. Any component or combination of components may be utilized as an input for controlling the function of the device. For example, one or more pushbuttons may be used as described in U.S. Pub. No. 2015/0245658 to Worm et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. Likewise, a touchscreen may be used as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/643,626, filed Mar. 10, 2015, to Sears et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. As a further example, components adapted for gesture recognition based on specified movements of the aerosol delivery device may be used as an input. See U.S. Pub. 2016/0158782 to Henry et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. As still a further example, a capacitive sensor may be implemented on the aerosol delivery device to enable a user to provide input, such as by touching a surface of the device on which the capacitive sensor is implemented.
In some embodiments, an input may comprise a computer or computing device, such as a smartphone or tablet. In particular, the aerosol delivery device may be wired to the computer or other device, such as via use of a USB cord or similar protocol. The aerosol delivery device also may communicate with a computer or other device acting as an input via wireless communication. See, for example, the systems and methods for controlling a device via a read request as described in U.S. Pub. No. 2016/0007561 to Ampolini et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In such embodiments, an APP or other computer program may be used in connection with a computer or other computing device to input control instructions to the aerosol delivery device, such control instructions including, for example, the ability to form an aerosol of specific composition by choosing the nicotine content and/or content of further flavors to be included.
The various components of an aerosol delivery device according to the present disclosure can be chosen from components described in the art and commercially available. Examples of batteries that can be used according to the disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2010/0028766 to Peckerar et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The aerosol delivery device can incorporate a sensor or detector for control of supply of electric power to the heat generation element when aerosol generation is desired (e.g., upon draw during use). As such, for example, there is provided a manner or method for turning off the power supply to the heat generation element when the aerosol delivery device is not be drawn upon during use, and for turning on the power supply to actuate or trigger the generation of heat by the heat generation element during draw. Additional representative types of sensing or detection mechanisms, structure and configuration thereof, components thereof, and general methods of operation thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,424 to Sprinkel, Jr.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,148 to McCafferty et al.; and PCT WO 2010/003480 to Flick; which are incorporated herein by reference.
The aerosol delivery device may incorporate a control mechanism for controlling the amount of electric power to the heat generation element during draw. Representative types of electronic components, structure and configuration thereof, features thereof, and general methods of operation thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,217 to Gerth et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,874 to Brooks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,148 to McCafferty et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,560 to Fleischhauer et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,040,314 to Nguyen et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 8,205,622 to Pan; U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2009/0230117 to Fernando et al., 2014/0060554 to Collet et al., and 2014/0270727 to Ampolini et al.; and U.S. Pub. No. 2015/0257445 to Henry et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference.
Representative types of substrates, reservoirs or other components for supporting the aerosol precursor are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,528,569 to Newton; U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2014/0261487 to Chapman et al. and 2014/0059780 to Davis et al.; and U.S. Pub. No. 2015/0216232 to Bless et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, various wicking materials, and the configuration and operation of those wicking materials within certain types of electronic cigarettes, are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 8,910,640 to Sears et al.; which is incorporated herein by reference.
For aerosol delivery systems that are characterized as electronic cigarettes, the aerosol precursor composition may incorporate tobacco or components derived from tobacco. In one 5 regard, the tobacco may be provided as parts or pieces of tobacco, such as finely ground, milled or powdered tobacco lamina. Tobacco beads, pellets, or other solid forms may be included, such as described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2015/0335070 to Sears et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In another regard, the tobacco may be provided in the form of an extract, such as a spray dried extract that incorporates many of the water soluble components of tobacco. Alternatively, tobacco extracts may have the form of relatively high nicotine content extracts, which extracts also incorporate minor amounts of other extracted components derived from tobacco. In another regard, components derived from tobacco may be provided in a relatively pure form, such as certain flavoring agents that are derived from tobacco. In one regard, a component that is derived from tobacco, and that may be employed in a highly purified or essentially pure form, is nicotine (e.g., pharmaceutical grade nicotine). In other embodiments, non-tobacco materials alone may form the aerosol precursor composition.
The aerosol precursor composition, also referred to as a vapor precursor composition, or “e-liquid”, may comprise a variety of components including, by way of example, a polyhydric alcohol (e.g., glycerin, propylene glycol, or a mixture thereof), nicotine, tobacco, tobacco extract, and/or flavorants. Representative types of aerosol precursor components and formulations also are set forth and characterized in U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,320 to Robinson et al. and U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2013/0008457 to Zheng et al.; 2013/0213417 to Chong et al.; 2014/0060554 to Collett et al.; 2015/0020823 to Lipowicz et al.; and 2015/0020830 to Koller, as well as WO 2014/182736 to Bowen et al, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Other aerosol precursors that may be employed include the aerosol precursors that have been incorporated in VUSE® products by R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company, the BLU™ products by Lorillard Technologies, the MISTIC MENTHOL product by Mistic Ecigs, MARK TEN products by Nu Mark LLC, the JUUL product by Juul Labs, Inc., and VYPE products by CN Creative Ltd. Also desirable are the so-called “smoke juices” for electronic cigarettes that have been available from Johnson Creek Enterprises LLC. Still further example aerosol precursor compositions are sold under the brand names BLACK NOTE, COSMIC FOG, THE MILKMAN E-LIQUID, FIVE PAWNS, THE VAPOR CHEF, VAPE WILD, BOOSTED, THE STEAM FACTORY, MECH SAUCE, CASEY JONES MAINLINE RESERVE, MITTEN VAPORS, DR. CRIMMY'S V-LIQUID, SMILEY E LIQUID, BEANTOWN VAPOR, CUTTWOOD, CYCLOPS VAPOR, SICBOY, GOOD LIFE VAPOR, TELEOS, PINUP VAPORS, SPACE JAM, MT. BAKER VAPOR, and JIMMY THE JUICE MAN. The amount of aerosol precursor that is incorporated within the aerosol delivery system is such that the aerosol generating piece provides acceptable sensory and desirable performance characteristics. For example, it is desired that sufficient amounts of aerosol forming material (e.g., glycerin and/or propylene glycol), be employed in order to provide for the generation of a visible mainstream aerosol that in many regards resembles the appearance of tobacco smoke. The amount of aerosol precursor within the aerosol generating system may be dependent upon factors such as the number of puffs desired per aerosol generating piece. In one or more embodiments, about 0.5 ml or more, about 1 ml or more, about 2 ml or more, about 5 ml or more, or about 10 ml or more of the aerosol precursor composition may be included.
Yet other features, controls or components that can be incorporated into aerosol delivery systems of the present disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,148 to Harris et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,934,289 to Watkins et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,979 to Counts et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,560 to Fleischhauer et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 8,365,742 to Hon; U.S. Pat. No. 8,402,976 to Fernando et al.; U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2010/0180553 to Fernando et al.; 2013/0192623 to Tucker et al.; 2013/0298905 to Leven et al.; 2013/0180553 to Kim et al., 2014/0000638 to Sebastian et al., 2014/0261495 to Novak et al., and 2014/0261408 to DePiano et al.; which are incorporated herein by reference.
The foregoing description of use of the article can be applied to the various embodiments described herein through minor modifications, which can be apparent to the person of skill in the art in light of the further disclosure provided herein. The above description of use, however, is not intended to limit the use of the article but is provided to comply with all necessary requirements of disclosure of the present disclosure. Any of the elements shown in the article illustrated in
In one or more embodiments, the present disclosure particularly can relate to aerosol delivery devices that are configured to provide increased vapor production. Such increase can arise from a variety of factors. In some embodiments, a fluid transport element can be formed partially or completely from a porous monolith, such as a porous ceramic, a porous glass, porous polymer, or the like. Example monolithic materials suitable for use according to embodiments of the present disclosure are described, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/988,109, filed Jan. 5, 2016, and US Pat. No. 2014/0123989 to LaMothe, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the porous monolith can form a substantially rigid wick. In particular, the transport element can be substantially a single, monolithic material rather than a bundle of individual fibers as known in the art.
The use of a rigid, porous monolith as a fluid transport element may be beneficial for improving uniformity of heating and reducing possible charring of the fluid transport element when non-uniform heating occurs. It can also be desirable to eliminate the presence of fibrous materials in an aerosol delivery device. Despite such benefits, porous monoliths also present certain challenges for successful implementation as a fluid transport element. Such challenges are in part due to the different material properties of porous monoliths (e.g., porous ceramics) compared to fibrous wicks. For example, alumina has both a higher thermal conductivity and a higher heat capacity than silica. These thermal properties cause heat to be drawn away from the aerosol precursor composition at the interface of the wick and the heater, and this can require a higher initial energy output to achieve comparable fluid vaporization. The present disclosure realizes means for overcoming such difficulties.
In some embodiments utilizing a porous monolith, energy requirements for vaporization when using a porous monolith can be reduced, and vaporization response time can be improved by increasing heat flux density (measured in Watts per square meter—W/m2) over the surface of the porous monolith fluid transport element. The present disclosure particularly describes embodiments suitable to provide such increase in heat flux density.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an atomizer configuration wherein a fluid transport element provides a planar heat receiving surface to receive heat from a planar heating surface of a heater.
In the illustrated embodiment of
In the illustrated embodiment of
The portion of the main body 240 between the outer periphery and the recess 252 may be referred to as an absorbing region 254, which may be placed, in whole or in part, in contact with the reservoir as shown in
The recess 252 may have a depth Z, where Z is between about 1 mm and about 4 mm, and possibly between about 1.75 mm and about 2 mm, which may be approximately one-third to approximately three-quarters of the thickness TM of the main body 240. Again, the absolute depth and the relative depth of the recess 252 may vary. In one embodiment, the depth Z may be large enough such that a heater and an insulator (e.g., a thermal insulator) may be substantially fully received within the recess 252. In another embodiment, the recess 252 accepts the heater, and the insulator can be placed on a top surface 255 of the main body 240.
The recess 252 defines a base surface 256, which may be referred to as the heat receiving surface. In some embodiments, a recess may be omitted, and the top surface 255 may be the heat receiving surface. The main body 240 has a vapor forming region 260 defined between the base surface 256 of the recess 252 and the second side 248. The vapor forming region 260 may have a thickness TV of approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 2.5 mm. In one embodiment, TV is about 1 mm. The area of the base surface 256, as determined by the diameter DR of the recess 252, and the thickness Ty of the vapor forming region 260 may be selected to optimize heat flux density and optimize the ratio of surface area from which aerosol precursor can be released in relation to the volume of the vapor forming region in which aerosol precursor can be staged.
As shown in
The spacing of the apertures 270 may vary as well. Closely spaced apertures 270 may be separated by a thickness of 0.5*DA or less, while widely spaced apertures may be a distance of about DA or even further apart. The cumulative surface area of the ends of the apertures 270 relative to the total area of the base surface 256 may also vary from approximately 90% open area to about 10% open area or less, ignoring the porosity of the main body 240 itself. For example, in some embodiments, there may be no apertures 270 at all, in which case the percentage of open area would be defined as zero. The use of apertures 270 may facilitate heat transfer from the heater through convection and conduction, either to provide a more uniform heating of the fluid transport element 236 or, alternatively, to help avoid overheating of the heater or the fluid transport element. Where the apertures 270 are used to increase surface area, alternative surface imperfections may be provided at the vapor forming region 260 of the second side 248, such as pockets, cavities, grooves, ribs, projections, protrusions, or the like, to similarly increase the surface area exposed to the second side 248 of the main body 240.
A heater 234 is shown in
The interior layout of the heating wire 282 within the planar arrangement is not particularly limited with respect to the trace of the heating wire, its number of coils, or the resulting spacing between adjacent portions of the heating wire. Again, the heating wire 282 may be on the heating surface 282 or inset therefrom.
The heater 234 can further include electrical leads 284 to provide positive and negative electrical connections for the heater. The electrical leads 284 can be integrally formed with the heating wire 282 or can be separate elements that can be attached (e.g., by welding or using a connector) to the heating wire. The location of the leads 284 is not particularly limited. The leads 284 may be arranged adjacent to one another or separated from one another.
An exploded view of the fluid transport element 236 and the heater 234 is shown in
The combination of the transport element 226, heater 234, and optional insulator 288 provide an atomizer 290. As understood from
In one or more alternative embodiments, the heating wire 282 of the heater 234 may be provided in the form of a mesh or screen heater, which can be effective to increase heater surface area coverage over the porous monolithic fluid transport element 236. Again, the heater 234 may be configured for contacting at least a portion of the first side 244, such as the base surface 256, of the fluid transport element, the heater being in the form of a conductive mesh. As used herein, the terms mesh and screen are meant to be interchangeable and to specifically refer to a network of intercrossing, conductive filaments. As such, the conductive mesh can be considered to be network of conductive filaments and/or an interlaced structure. The conductive filaments can be formed of any suitable, electrically conductive material, such as otherwise listed herein for formation of a heater. In one or more embodiments, the conductive filaments can be at least partially interwoven with non-conductive filaments or similar mater.
The heater 234, if formed from a conductive mesh, can define a regular pattern of conductive filaments forming parallelograms or other shapes consistent with a mesh configuration. The conductive filaments particularly can surround insulating spaces. The insulating spaces may be open (e.g., insulated by air) or may be at least partially filled with an insulator. The insulating spaces can be configured to have a defined area so that the heating ability of the heater is increased for a reduced amount of power delivery to the heater. In some embodiments, the insulating spaces can have an average individual area of about 0.01 μm2 to about 2 mm2. In further embodiments, the insulating spaces can have an average individual area of about 0.05 μm2 to about 1.5 mm2, about 0.1 μm2 to about 1 mm2, about 0.25 μm2 to about 0.5 mm2, or about 0.5 μm2 to about 0.1 mm2. In some embodiments, the insulating spaces can have an average individual area in an upper range, such as about 0.005 mm2 to about 2 mm2, about 0.01 mm2 to about 1.5 mm2, or about 0.02 mm2 to about 1 mm2. In some embodiments, the insulating spaces can have an average individual area in a lower range, such as about 0.01 μm2 to about 10 μm2, about 0.02 μm2 to about 5 μm2, or about 0.05 μm2 to about 1 μm2.
The heating wire 282 or alternatively the conductive mesh is not limited to generating heat through resistance of current directly applied thereto. The heating wire 282 or the conductive mesh may be similarly configured to generate heat through induction and eddy currents in the presence of an alternating magnetic field without direct electrical connection to the power source. For induction heating, other type of materials can be used as heating elements, such as ferritic steel, ferromagnetic ceramics, aluminum, etc.
In further embodiments, an atomizer 290 such as illustrated in
As shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, air drawn through air intake openings 308 entrains the formed vapor (e.g., in the form of an aerosol wherein the formed vapor is mixed with the air) from the chamber 310, through the lumen 314, to the mouthpiece 327. The air flow path P, illustrated with a stippled line in
The use of at least two, separate heaters can be beneficial to improve vapor production. Specifically, a first heater can be used to pre-heat the liquid for vaporization within the fluid transport element, and a second heater can be used to actually vaporize the liquid. The pre-heating can reduce the total power and/or the absolute temperature and/or the duration of heating required to provide a desired volume of vapor. An external heater, for example, may be a pre-heater, and an internal heater may be a vaporizing heater. Additionally or alternatively, at least two separate heaters may be positioned on an external surface of the fluid transport element. One of the heaters may function as a pre-heater, and the other of the heaters may function as a vaporizing heater. For example, as illustrated in
Turning to
Further, the atomizer 490 includes a fluid transport element 436 according to a second embodiment, where the fluid transport element is a non-porous monolith formed from ceramic, metal, or polymer. The fluid transport element 436 may be configured to transport fluid without reliance upon the porosity thereof. The fluid transport element 436 has a main body 440 with a first side 444 and a second side 448. The thickness between the first side 444 and the second side 448 may be substantially smaller than the other dimensions of the main body 440 such that the main body may be considered substantially flat. In the illustrated embodiment, the main body 440 has a circular shape and therefore may be described as a disk. Other peripheral shapes such as rectangles, hexagons, triangles, other regular and irregular polygonal shapes, ovals, and other shapes are also contemplated.
In the illustrated embodiment of
One or more passages 458 may be provided near the periphery of the main body 440 that extend between the second side 448 and the first side 444. The passages 458 are configured to provide conduits for the aerosol precursor composition 345 (
The aerosol precursor composition 345 may then travel into the space between the base surface 456 and the heater 434, such as being wicked by the absorptive pad 504, or free flowing into said space if the absorptive pad is omitted, such that the aerosol precursor composition may be in direct contact with the heater. When the heater 434 is energized, collected aerosol precursor composition is aerosolized and can exit through the apertures 470 through the fluid transport element 436 into the chamber 410 (
In one embodiment, the apertures 470 may be substantially similar to the apertures 270 described above. Where the porous pad 504 is present, the size range of the apertures 470 may be increased, such as between about 0.1 mm and about 1 mm.
In some embodiments, the apertures 470 include a central aperture 472. The central aperture 472 may be larger than the remainder of the apertures 470. The central apertures may have a size between about 0.5 mm and about 4 mm. In the illustrated embodiment of
In one embodiment, the base surface 456 is also formed with standoffs 512 formed around the periphery of the base surface. The standoffs 512 can support the heater 434 and maintain the desired gap between the heater and the base surface 456. The gap receives the aerosol precursor composition. The gap may range in size from about 0.1*Z to about 0.75*Z, where Z (
In one embodiment, the second side 448 (
In one or more instances, values described herein may be characterized with the word “about.” It is understood that a value being “about” the stated amount indicates that the stated amount may be exactly the value indicated or may vary from the value indicated by up to 5%, up to 2%, or up to 1%.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the disclosure will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17161039 | Jan 2021 | US |
| Child | 18596227 | US | |
| Parent | 15980816 | May 2018 | US |
| Child | 17161039 | US |
