The present invention relates to packaging materials and more particularly is directed to systems and methods used in the manufacturing and utilization of packaging pillows.
Many techniques have been used to pack items for shipping and to absorb impacts on goods that are packed for shipping. Popular shipping protection methods includes the use of foam “peanuts,” molded foam components, formed paper, and molded pulp packaging components.
A technique that has gained recent popularity involves the use of air-inflated cushions formed from a film material (“pillows”), such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,134 and pending application Ser. No. 11/185,927. This style of packaging allows low-volume, uninflated pillow film materials to be shipped to packers, who then inflate the pillows as needed into shock-absorbing packing material. Pillow inflating machines may be used at the point of packaging to provide fully formed pillows at the time of packaging, thereby eliminating the need to store bulky packaging materials at the packaging site. The inflated pillows are formed in a continuous strip of individual pillows, and the desired length or number of the inflated pillows are separated from the continuous strip of inflated pillows as they are dispensed from the pillow inflating machine.
Air inflating machine systems may produce the air-inflated pillows at a rate that differs from the rate at which the actual packaging of goods is occurring. To accommodate the differences in the rate of pillow inflation and packaging use, the strip of formed packaging material is often fed into a holding bin adjacent to the inflation device. When packing material is needed by the packer, the end of the continuous strip of inflated pillows is withdrawn from the holding bin, an appropriate length of inflated pillows is measured by the packer, separated from the continuous strip and then placed into a shipping box to protect the packaged goods.
When a packer is using the pillows as packaging material, he must pull the required material out of the holding bin, typically using both hands to pull and place a number of pillows into the shipping box to fill any voids that may be present. When a sufficient number of pillows have been placed in the box to fill the voids, the packer must separate the pillows from the continuous strip of pillows. The need for the packer to reach into the holding bin and manually separate the required length or number of inflated pillows can be a time-consuming and laborious process, decreasing the overall efficiency of the packaging operation and thereby increasing costs. In some applications, a transfer stand may be placed in front of the holding bin with the end of the continuous strip of pillows draped over the transfer stand so that the packer does not have reach into the holding bin every time additional pillows are required. However, this still requires the packer to manually pull and tear the required number of pillows for packaging. A device is needed that can facilitate and improve the efficiency of dispensing air-inflated pillows to aid the packer in the packaging operation.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transfer and dispensing apparatus conveys and separates packaging material, cushions or pillows when needed by the operator. When a packer working over a conveyor receives a shipping box that requires void fill, an operating switch such as a foot pedal is depressed to dispense pillows from the apparatus and into the box in a connected strip. When the operating switch is released, the apparatus stops dispensing pillows, separates the continuous strip of pillows along a transverse perforation in the strip, and ejects the end of the separated segment. The packer can then complete packing the box by placing the severed end of the pillows into the box, advance to the next box, and repeat the process. The transfer and dispensing apparatus may be positioned in, any convenient location including adjacent to, above or attached to the inflation device.
The invention relates to a packing material transfer apparatus. A preferred embodiment of the transfer apparatus includes a plurality of traction members, such as grippers, that are configured for gripping a chain of pre-inflated pillows, which are connected to each other end to end. A driving mechanism is operably associated with the traction members to drive the traction members for drawing the chain from an input location to an output location, in which the pillows are dispensed. Additionally, a motor is configured for powering the driving mechanism. The preferred traction members are spaced at a pre-determined distance from each other, which distance corresponds to the position of recessed zones along the chain, for example, zones between the inflated pillows, such that the traction members are received within the recessed zones to engage and move the chain.
A guide surface can be provided, which is configured for guiding the pillows therealong, and the driving mechanism can be configured for moving the traction members along a path adjacent to the guide surface for trapping the pillows therebetween. The guide surface can be stationary or movable and can be arcuate or have another suitable shape. The driving mechanism can include a drum to which the traction members are mounted to drive the traction members along a curved, and preferably circular path, such as when using an arcuate guide surface.
The guide surface is preferably driven for moving the chain cooperatively with the traction members. In one embodiment, the guide surface and traction members include rollers or driven belts, preferably extending on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis of the chain, and which can be arranged as conveyers.
The preferred transfer apparatus preferably includes a detachment mechanism that is configured for detaching at least one of the pillows from the chain. The detachment mechanism can have a detachment element that is operable to break a weakened area between the adjacent pillows and the chain to separate the pillows from each other. The detached pillows can be dispensed at the output location. In a preferred embodiment, the detachment element includes at least one cutter configured to rotate through the weakened area to separate adjacent pillows. Preferably, the cutter includes first and second cutters configured to rotate in opposite directions to cooperatively pull material of the chain of pillows around the weakened area against the cutters.
A pillow detector can also be provided for detecting the position of individual or groups of pillows in the chain. The detector is preferably connected for operating the detachment element to detach at least one pillow from the chain, in which this operation is activated based on the detected positions of the pillows. The pillow detector can include a follower configured and positioned to follow contours of the pillows to detect the positions thereof. In one embodiment, the pillow detector includes a vacuum source configured to detect changes in vacuum depending on the region of the chain associated therewith as the chain is moved in relation thereto, thus enabling the vacuum source to be used to determine the positions of the pillows.
The traction members of one embodiment include nip elements to grip the chain by nipping it. The driving mechanism can be configured to rotate the nip elements for drawing the chain towards the output location. Furthermore, the nip elements can include rollers and conveyers, for example.
The traction members can include forward and aft traction members, with the driving mechanism configured for operating the forward and aft traction members at different speeds, such as by stopping one and moving the other or by moving each in different directions, to detach detachment of at least one pillow from the chain. Also, the driving mechanism can be configured for operating the forward and aft traction members at different speeds to initiate a tear between the pillow or pillows to be detached and the remainder of the chain at one or both of the lateral sides of the chain, so that the tear can continue across the remainder of the area between the pillows to be detached and the remainder of the chain. In one embodiment, a pillow chain transfer system is provided, in which two or more transfer apparatuses can be disposed and associated with respect to each other for transferring the chain from the output location of one of the transfer apparatuses to the output location to another of the transfer apparatuses.
Consequently, the invention provides a device that facilitates and improves the efficiency in handling chains of inflated pillows, which can be used for protecting packaged articles.
In
While inflated pillows 101 continue to accumulate in the holding bin 2, the free end 102 of the continuous strip of inflated pillows 100 is drawn out of the holding bin 2 by the transfer and dispensing apparatus 10, which is preferably configured to dispense the free end 102 of pillows 101 to the operator when needed. The sensor 6 on the holding bin 2 can limit the transfer of inflated pillows 101 out of the holding bin 2 when supplies are low to prevent premature tearing of the continuous strip of pillows 100.
As shown in
The transfer and dispensing apparatus 10 can alternatively be placed in a position away from either the pillow manufacturing device 5, the holding bin 2, or both. For example, a conveyor mechanism can be used to transfer the continuous strip of inflated pillows 100 from the inflation machine 5 to a holding bin 2 located some distance away. From there, the pillows 101 can be dispensed for availability to the packer.
As shown in
In this configuration, the system can transport desired lengths of pillow strips 100 to remote holding bins 2 for storage therein. For example, the apparatus 10 can deliver a strip of pillows 10 into the shaft 11, for example through shaft opening 12, and the controller 9 can control the blower 7 to transport the strip 100 through the shaft. The controller 9 also preferably controls the diverters 13 to determine to which holding bin the strip of pillows is delivered, and the diverters are configured to direct the pillows conveyed through the shaft into the selected bin. Thus, the system can maintain and refill the amount of pillows strips 100 that are contained in multiple holding bins located remotely from the transfer and dispensing apparatus 10 and inflation and sealing device 5. An alternative embodiment employs other types of conveyers, for example using conveyer belts to move the pillows.
As shown in
An infeed/intake/inlet section 121 (shown in
The motors 113-116 operate at variable speeds and directions, and are controlled by a motor controller 20. The motor controller 20 controls the speed and direction of rotation of each of the motors 113-116. The motor controller 20 may receive instructions from the user via an operating switch, such as a foot pedal 21. The motor controller 20 may also receive instructions from other components of the system. For example, the above disclosed sensor 6 mounted on the holding bin 2 could instruct the motor controller 20 to stop the apparatus 10 from withdrawing pillows 101 from the holding bin 2 when the number of inflated pillows 101 is low.
Depending upon the desired function, the motor controller 20 coordinates the motors so that they work in unison to drive the pairs of nip rollers 117-120 in a way to manipulate the movement of pillows 101 in a desired manner. For example, the nip rollers 117-120 can be driven in unison so that the continuous strip of pillows 100 is drawn from the holding bin 2, transferred through the apparatus 10, and dispensed directly to the user in a continuous, steady rate for as long as the foot pedal 21 is depressed. Then, when the desired number of pillows 101 have been dispensed, the operator releases the foot pedal 21 and the nip rollers 117-120 are driven in a manner so that the feed nip rollers 117,118 rotate in one direction while the dispensing nip rollers 119,120 rotate in the opposite direction so as to pull the strip of pillows 100 apart and thus separate a desired length or number of pillows 101 from the continuous length of pillows 100. Once separated, the dispensing nip rollers 119,120 can dispense the separated segment of pillow packaging material to the user. The left and right feed and/or dispensing rollers can also move at different speeds to initiate a tear on one side. Also, the infeed rollers 117,118 can move in reverse to help tear the chain of pillows 101.
In the operation of the preferred embodiment, as the segment of pillows 101 is separated from the continuous strip 100 and dispensed from the apparatus 10, the feed nip rollers 117,118 maintain the position of the leading edge 102 of the remaining continuous strip of pillows 101, and keep it from falling back into the bin 2 or out of the apparatus 10. The feed nip rollers 117,118 then advance the leading edge 102 of the continuous strip 100 forward, the dispensing nip rollers 119,120 grip the leading edge 102 of the strip of pillows, and the apparatus 10 is again ready to dispense pillows for the packing of the next box.
As shown in
A sensor 310 mounted at or near the end of the transverse shaft 305 may respond to rotation of the shaft to send a signal to the motor controller 20 to signal when the follower wheel 306 is located in one of the valleys 103 between pillows 101. Upon receiving the signal, the motor controller 20 can stop the dispensing of pillows 101. Thus, when the operator releases the foot pedal 21 or otherwise indicates that sufficient pillows have been dispensed, the driving mechanism stops the strip of pillows 100 at the location of the perforation 104 between the pillows, allowing the segment of pillows to be separated by the driving mechanism or one of the other identified separation mechanisms.
As shown in
Typically, and for a variety of reasons, during the inflation of the pillows 101, the film material is not fully inflated. In one embodiment, as the follower wheel 306 presses down on the pillows 101, the wheel 306 displaces all of the air inside the pillow off to the side of the wheel 306 by providing a stiffer bias of wheel against the pillows. In one embodiment, a wheel is fixed so it does not rise and fall along the contour of the inflated pillow, for example, but this would prevent the follower wheel from locating the spaces or perforation between the pillows. Having the inflated pillows 101 squeezed by the nip rollers as described above can assist in keeping the contour of the pillows fully defined to provide a distinct height differential between the location of the pillows and the transverse border between the pillows where the film material may be perforated.
In other embodiments of the invention, other types of traction members, such as other types of rollers, wheels or drive belts, can be used to grip and move the continuous strip of pillows. In another embodiment shown in
Other mechanisms can also be incorporated into the apparatus to draw the continuous strip of pillows 100 from the holding bin 2 and move it through the device 10. In one embodiment, a ducted conveyor (not shown) that uses forced air-flow or differential air pressure to move the strip of pillows 100 through the machine is used. The ducted conveyor includes a duct where streams of air are directed at the pillows 100 to blow them through the apparatus. Alternatively, a duct incorporating a low pressure area can also be used to draw the pillows into the apparatus.
In other embodiments of the invention, different numbers of motors and mechanisms for driving the nip rollers or belts can be incorporated. For example, a single motor can drive the feed rollers in unison while two or more motors are used to achieve the differential rotation required for the tearing and dispensing of a segment of pillows. In another embodiment, all of the nip rollers are driven by a single motor via a differential transmission that can independently control each nip roller. Additional motors can also be added to convey the pillow material through the apparatus, or for other functions as required.
In separating the segment of pillows 101 from the continuous strip of pillows 100 being drawn from the holding bin 2, the nip rollers can be coordinated and driven in a manner so as to differentially tension one edge of the continuous strip of pillows 100 while leaving the other edge slack to start a tear at one edge of the strip of pillows at the desired location for separation, and then separate the pillow segment from the continuous strip. A locking mechanism can also be incorporated to lock one or more of the nip rollers, thereby holding an edge to achieve the same result of tearing and separating the pillows.
In another embodiment of the invention, a segment of the continuous strip of pillows 100 can be separated by a break bar, such as break bar 302 (shown in
Another embodiment of the invention incorporates traction members that include paddles 404 mounted on rotors 403 that may rotate so that the paddles translate into the valley 103 between pillows to engage the inflated portion of a pillow, as shown in
In another embodiment of the invention, the location of the perforation 104 between the pillows is identified by the use of a pillow position detector, which can include a sensor, such as a sensor that employs a vacuum directed towards the surface of the pillows 101. As shown in
Another embodiment of the apparatus, illustrated in
The interior support members can also include biasing members to support the pillows 101 when they are in the pockets. In one embodiment, for example, the biasing members include platforms 524 that are relatively rigid, and which are preferably positioned between the pairs of rods 522, adjacent the pockets 530, and configured to support the inflated portion 105 of the pillows 101 as the pillows are rotated about the drum 501. The platforms 524 can be positioned about the center of the plates 520,521, and are preferably disposed radially inward from the pairs of rods 522. More preferably, the platforms 524 are positioned at least about ½ inch and at most about 4 inches inward from the pairs of rods 522, and more preferably at least 1 inch and at most 2 inches inward from the pairs of rods 522. In this configuration, the platforms 524 deflect the inflated portions 105 of the pillows 101 radially outward to bias the inflated portions 105 of the pillows 101 against an exterior support member, such as outer guide surface 512, to spread the inflated portions laterally due to the air pressure so to facilitate cutting and detachment of the pillows 101. This also helps engage the chain of pillows to more positively draw the chain along the path from input to output of the apparatus. Additionally, once the pilots are detached from each other, the platforms 524 retain the detached pillows 101 against the guide surface 512, preventing them from falling into the center of the drums, so that they can be held by the device until reaching the outlet or output section.
Preferably, the platforms 524 have a concave, such as to shape to match the profile of the inflated pillows 101, but in other embodiments, the platforms can be flat or convex. The platforms can also be discontinuous. In alternative embodiments, biasing members platforms 524 can be replaced or supplemented by at least one, and preferably two, resilient biasing members, as shown in
As shown in the embodiment of
The apparatus of the preferred embodiment also preferably includes a feed roller 540 that is preferably positioned adjacent the feed area 541 where the strip of pillows 100 first engages the drum 501. The feed roller 540 is mounted on the support frame 510 with an axis of rotation that is preferably substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum. The feed roller is configured to direct the strip of pillows 100 into the space 530 between the interior support members 524 and the exterior support member 512 as the strip is fed on the drum 501. In this configuration, the roller 540 can rotate as the chain of pillows 100 passes thereby to smoothly feed the strip 100 onto the drum 501 with the inflated portion 105 of each pillow 101 between the pairs of rods 522. Preferably, the strip of pillows 100 passes below the feed roller 540, but it alternative embodiments, the strip can instead pass over the feed roller depending on the direction from which the pillows are fed to the apparatus.
The apparatus preferably includes a guide 512 that has an exterior support member to cooperate with the interior support members to engage and move the pillows. Guide 512 is mounted at the top of the support frame 510, and preferably has an arcuate surface configured to cover a substantial portion of the top half of the drum 501. In this configuration, the guide 512 can engage and contact the pillows 101 to guide and retain them against the drum as they are rotated thereabout to prevent or substantially reduce the risk of jamming. More preferably, the guide 512 is fixed only to the top of support frame 510 such that front and rear ends of the guide 512, which are preferably adjacent, respectively, the feed area 541 and the dispensing area 542, are radially flexible or displaceable to pivot away from the drum 501 to facilitate and dispensing of the strip of pillows 100. The front end of the guide 512 that is adjacent the feed area 541 preferably includes a curved lip 545 to promote easier reception and engagement of the strip of pillows onto the drum 501.
The combination of the rods 519 and platforms 524 between the plates 520,521 form pockets 530 in which inflated pillows 101 fed into the apparatus are engaged and held. As the rotating drum 501 rotates, the continuous strip of pillows 100 is drawn into the feed area 541 of the apparatus and moves through the apparatus. As each pillow 101 moves through the apparatus towards the dispensing area 542, a dispensing member, which is preferably a finger formed by a fixed plate and positioned to extend perpendicularly through portions of platform 524 as they move past the fixed plate, “pushes” the pillow 101 out of the pocket 530, thereby dispensing the pillow 101 at the dispensing area 542.
Referring to
The detachment mechanism 560 also includes a motor 565 or other suitable drive mechanism that can drive a transmission 566 to operate the cutters. The cutters 561,562 are driven to rotate to the strip of pillows. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a controller that is preferably associated with the detachment mechanism, drive mechanism, sensor, and drum for controlling the rotation of the drum and operation of the detachment mechanism.
As the strip of pillows 100 is rotated through the apparatus, the strip is separated by the detachment mechanism 560 depending on the desired length of pillows that is required to be dispensed. For example, the strip of pillows 100 is engaged and held against the drum 501 such that the inflated portions 105 of each pillow 100 are held within the pockets 530, and the valleys 103 between the pillows 101 are positioned adjacent the pairs of rods 522. Preferably, each perforation 104 at the valley 103 is disposed over and between the pair of rods 522. Thus, when a specific length of pillows is desired, the controller of the apparatus preferably rotates the drum 501 adjacent to the detachment mechanism 560 such that the pair of rods 522 and the perforation 104 disposed thereover is aligned with the cutters 561,562. The controller then operates the detachment mechanism 560 to rotate the cutters 561,562 to engage and separate the strip 100 at the perforation 104.
While the various embodiments of the detachment mechanism described above have been found to be particularly effective and beneficial for separating strips of pillow that are transported through the transfer and dispensing apparatus of the present invention, it can be readily appreciated that the detachment mechanism can also be used in conjunction with other devices, such as pillow manufacturing machines or other preformed film handling devices, for separating strips of pillows, such as disclosed, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,134, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference thereto, in which the detachment mechanism can be used to break off a length of an inflated-pillow chain. Also, an alternative embodiment can be provided without cutters or alternatively without another detachment mechanism, and the pillows can be detached simply by tearing them from each other by hand, or by pulling the protruding pillow from the apparatus.
In another embodiment, as shown in
In alternative embodiments, the drum is adjustable such that it can be configured to accommodate pillows 101 of varying dimensions. In one embodiment, the drum can be configured to handle chains of pillows having different lateral widths. For example, a drum can be configured to handle chains of pillows having lateral widths of both 8 inches and 10 inches. This is preferably done by adjusting the spacing between the circular plates of the drum, or by inserting a spacer member adjacent to one of the plates to account for the decrease in lateral width of a chain of pillows.
Additionally, the drum can also be adjusted to handle chains of pillows having different length of pillows, as defined by the perforation-to-perforation length of the chain. For example, one embodiment of a drum can include pairs of rods spaced about the drum that are configured to engage the perforations between pillows having a perforation-to-perforation length of about 8 inches. However, the same drum can also be reconfigured to engage a strip of pillows that have a perforation-to-perforation length of, for example, about 4 inches. To achieve this, additional internal support members are attached about the drum (i.e. between the circular plates) and in between existing pairs of internal support members. In this configuration, the additional pairs of bars define pockets that can accommodate a strip of pillows having a perforation-to-perforation length of about 4 inches rather than 8 inches. The controller can then be set to stop the rotation of the drum in a position such that the any of the pairs of internal support members are adjacent detachment mechanism. As described above, the controller can operate the detachment mechanism to rotate the cutters to engage and separate the strip of pillows at any of the perforations.
In another embodiment, the drum is adjustable to handle chains of pillows having different pillow depths, for example, of pillows inflated to different internal pressures or having different configurations. To achieve this, the biasing members (e.g. the platforms or springs) can be adjusted and repositioned about the circular plates.
In other embodiments, the pairs of bars, the biasing members, and the circular plates can be adjusted as desired such that the drum can accommodate pillows of any dimension.
Preferably, the drum 501 is locked during activation of the detachment mechanism 560 to prevent the drum from rotating while the strip is being separated. For example, the apparatus may include a locking mechanism such as a solenoid 580 that is controlled by the controller to move a locking member 581 to engage one or both of the plates and prevent rotation of the drum during detachment of the strip. After detachment is complete, the controller preferably operates the locking mechanism to disengage the locking member, and the drum can rotate to dispense the length of pillows from the apparatus.
In yet another embodiment shown in
The output member 930 can include a guide chute 931 that is preferably attached adjacent to the output area of the apparatus housing, and more preferably generally adjacent and below the horizontal end portion of the drum, so that the dispensed strip of pillows 100 can naturally fall onto the chute 931, which directs the strip away from the apparatus as desired. The guide chute 931 is also preferably removably and adjustably attached to the housing of the apparatus 910, for example by retaining members or pins, so that the angle of the guide chute 931 relative to the apparatus 910 can be adjusted as desired. The chute can have side walls to direct the pillow chain to keep it on the chute in a lateral direction. An optional guide roller 933 can be disposed near the end of the intake member and the exterior support member 512 to help position and engage the pillow chain onto the drum.
The internal support members of
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the method and system of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. For example, the detachment mechanism preferably completely detaches the dispensed pillow or pillows, but can alternatively initiate detachment or partially detach the pillow or pillows to facilitate final detachment by the user. Also, the components of the various embodiments can be interchanged with other embodiments. Thus, it is intended that the present invention include modifications and variations that are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 13/584,588, filed Aug. 8, 2012, which is a divisional application of U.S. Non Provisional application Ser. No. 11/867,452, filed on Oct. 4, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,240,533, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/849,537, filed on Oct. 4, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/856,528, filed Nov. 20, 2006, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/875,063, filed on Dec. 15, 2006. The content of each of these applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference thereto.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3084839 | Aronson | Apr 1963 | A |
3660189 | Troy | May 1972 | A |
3667593 | Pendleton | Jun 1972 | A |
4017351 | Larson et al. | Apr 1977 | A |
4651506 | Lerner et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
5135147 | Granger | Aug 1992 | A |
5158639 | Washazaki | Oct 1992 | A |
5182898 | Tung | Feb 1993 | A |
5261466 | Koyanagi | Nov 1993 | A |
5942076 | Salerno et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
5979729 | Schmidt et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6428246 | Landrum | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6789376 | Greenwood et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6889739 | Lerner et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6932134 | Selle et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6996955 | White et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7165375 | O'Dowd | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7273142 | Huis et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7550191 | Lerner | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7718028 | Lerner et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7767288 | Lerner | Aug 2010 | B2 |
20050160699 | Perkins et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050210839 | Sadakierski et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20060010835 | Shaw et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060090421 | Sperry et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
4220342 | Jan 1993 | DE |
1563987 | Aug 2005 | EP |
2257087 | Jan 1993 | GB |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20150060510 A1 | Mar 2015 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60849537 | Oct 2006 | US | |
60866528 | Nov 2006 | US | |
60875063 | Dec 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 11867452 | Oct 2007 | US |
Child | 13584588 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 13584588 | Aug 2012 | US |
Child | 14537700 | US |