Patent Application
20240107120
The following disclosure is directed to methods and systems for generating interactive videos and, more specifically, an automated platform for generating interactive videos.
Websites often present information about a given product for the purpose of selling the product to a customer of the website. Some of these websites include videos visually presenting the product (e.g., a new vehicle, a power tool, a toy, a bouquet of flowers, etc.). However, such videos are typically predetermined and unalterable by the video developer or the user.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for generating interactive videos on an automated platform.
In one aspect, the disclosure features a method for generating interactive videos on an automated platform. The method can include receiving data associated with at least one physical item; receiving video content comprising a visual presentation of the physical item, and receiving a selection of a predetermined template. The template can include a plurality of modules organized in a tree structure. The method includes organizing the video content into the predetermined template to form organized video content, and embedding an object in a portion of the organized video content to form an interactive video. The object is based on the received data and is configured to enable at least one of: (i) user interaction with the physical item; or (ii) a link to a webpage associated with the physical item.
Various embodiments of the method can include one or more of the following features.
The received data can be received via an application program interface (API). The received data can include at least one of: (a) an image of the physical item; (b) a review of the physical item; (c) a text description of the physical item; (d) an inventory status of the physical item; or (e) at least one tag associated with the physical item. The received data can be inputted by a user of the platform, and wherein the received data comprises at least one of: (i) an identification number associated with the physical item; (ii) a webpage link associated with the physical item; (iii) a text description of the physical item; (iv) at least one tag associated with the physical item; or (v) at least one feature of the physical item and, for each feature, a respective interaction type. The webpage can be configured to enable purchase of the physical item.
The webpage can be configured to present information associated with the physical item. The method can include receiving a modification of the predetermined template, the modification being at least one of: (a) an addition of one or more modules to the tree structure; or (b) a modification of a connection between two modules of the tree structure. The predetermined template can be based on the physical item. The portion of the organized video can be assigned to a module of the plurality of modules. Transmitting the interactive video for presentation can include transmitting the interactive video to a website or an application.
In another aspect, the disclosure features a system for generating interactive videos on an automated platform. The system can include at least one memory for storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor for executing the instructions stored on the memory. The execution of the instructions can program the at least one processor to perform operations include receiving data associated with at least one physical item; receiving video content comprising a visual presentation of the physical item; and receiving a selection of a predetermined template, the template comprising a plurality of modules organized in a tree structure. The operations can include organizing the video content into the predetermined template to form organized video content; and embedding an object in a portion of the organized video to form an interactive video. The object can be based on the received data and is configured to enable at least one of: (i) user interaction with the physical item; or (ii) a link to a webpage associated with the physical item.
Various embodiments of the system can include one or more of the following features. The received data can be received via an application program interface (API). The received data comprises at least one of: (a) an image of the physical item; (b) a review of the physical item; (c) a text description of the physical item; (d) an inventory status of the physical item; or (e) at least one tag associated with the physical item. The received data is inputted by a user of the platform, and wherein the received data comprises at least one of: (i) an identification number associated with the physical item; (ii) a webpage link associated with the physical item; (iii) a text description of the physical item; (iv) at least one tag associated with the physical item; or (v) at least one feature of the physical item and, for each feature, a respective interaction type.
The webpage can be configured to enable purchase of the physical item. The webpage can be configured to present information associated with the physical item. The operations can include receiving a modification of the predetermined template. The modification can be at least one of: (a) an addition of one or more modules to the tree structure; or (b) a modification of a connection between two modules of the tree structure. The predetermined template can be based on the physical item. The portion of the organized video can be assigned to a module of the plurality of modules. Transmitting the interactive video for presentation can include transmitting the interactive video to a website or an application.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. Further, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of systems and methods for generating interactive videos. In particular, described are various embodiments of an automated platform for generating interactive videos.
The application 112 can be a video player/editor and library browser that is implemented as a native application, web application, or other form of software. In some implementations, the application 112 is in the form of a web page, widget, and/or Java, JavaScript, .Net, Silverlight, Flash, and/or other applet or plug-in that is downloaded to the user device 110 and runs in conjunction with a web browser. The application 112 and the web browser can be part of a single client-server interface; for example, the application 112 can be implemented as a plugin to the web browser or to another framework or operating system. Any other suitable client software architecture, including but not limited to widget frameworks and applet technology, can also be employed.
Media content can be provided to the user device 110 by content server 102, which can be a web server, media server, a node in a content delivery network, or other content source. In some implementations, the application 112 (or a portion thereof) is provided by application server 106. For example, some or all of the described functionality of the application 112 can be implemented in software downloaded to or existing on the user device 110 and, in some instances, some or all of the functionality exists remotely. For example, certain video encoding and processing functions can be performed on one or more remote servers, such as application server 106. In some implementations, the user device 110 serves only to provide output and input functionality, with the remainder of the processes being performed remotely.
The user device 110, content server 102, application server 106, and/or other devices and servers can communicate with each other through communications network 114. The communication can take place via any media such as standard telephone lines, LAN or WAN links (e.g., T1, T3, 56 kb, X.25), broadband connections (ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM), wireless links (802.11, Bluetooth, GSM, CDMA, etc.), and so on. The network 114 can carry TCP/IP protocol communications and HTTP/HTTPS requests made by a web browser, and the connection between clients and servers can be communicated over such TCP/IP networks. The type of network is not a limitation, however, and any suitable network can be used.
More generally, the techniques described herein can be implemented in any suitable hardware or software. If implemented as software, the processes can execute on a system capable of running one or more custom operating systems or commercial operating systems such as the Microsoft Windows® operating systems, the Apple OS X® operating systems, the Apple iOS® platform, the Google Android™ platform, the Linux® operating system and other variants of UNIX® operating systems, and the like. The software can be implemented a computer including a processing unit, a system memory, and a system bus that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit.
The system can include a plurality of software modules stored in a memory and executed on one or more processors. The modules can be in the form of a suitable programming language, which is converted to machine language or object code to allow the processor or processors to read the instructions. The software can be in the form of a standalone application, implemented in any suitable programming language or framework.
Method steps of the techniques described herein can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing a computer program to perform functions of the invention by operating on input data and generating output. Method steps can also be performed by, and apparatus of the invention can be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Modules can refer to portions of the computer program and/or the processor/special circuitry that implements that functionality.
Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. One or more memories can store media assets (e.g., audio, video, graphics, interface elements, and/or other media files), configuration files, and/or instructions that, when executed by a processor, form the modules, engines, and other components described herein and perform the functionality associated with the components. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in special purpose logic circuitry.
It should also be noted that the present implementations can be provided as one or more computer-readable programs embodied on or in one or more articles of manufacture. The article of manufacture can be any suitable hardware apparatus, such as, for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, a CD-RW, a CD-R, a DVD-ROM, a DVD-RW, a DVD-R, a flash memory card, a PROM, a RAM, a ROM, or a magnetic tape. In general, the computer-readable programs can be implemented in any programming language. The software programs can be further translated into machine language or virtual machine instructions and stored in a program file in that form. The program file can then be stored on or in one or more of the articles of manufacture.
The media presentations referred to herein can be structured in various forms. For example, a particular media presentation can be an online streaming video having multiple tracks or streams that a user can switch among in real-time or near real-time. For example, a media presentation can be structured using parallel audio and/or video tracks as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/534,626, filed on Nov. 6, 2014, and entitled “Systems and Methods for Parallel Track Transitions,” the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. More specifically, a playing video file or stream can have one or more parallel tracks that can be switched among in real-time automatically and/or based on user interactions. In some implementations, such switches are made seamlessly and substantially instantaneously, such that the audio and/or video of the playing content can continue without any perceptible delays, gaps, or buffering. In further implementations, switches among tracks maintain temporal continuity; that is, the tracks can be synchronized to a common timeline so that there is continuity in audio and/or video content when switching from one track to another (e.g., the same song is played using different instruments on different audio tracks; same storyline performed by different characters on different video tracks, and the like).
Such media presentations can also include interactive video structured in a video tree, hierarchy, or other form. A video tree can be formed by nodes that are connected in a branching, hierarchical, or other linked form. Nodes can each have an associated video segment, audio segment, graphical user interface (GUI) elements, and/or other associated media. Users (e.g., viewers) can watch a video that begins from a starting node in the tree and proceeds along connected nodes in a branch or path. Upon reaching a point during playback of the video where multiple video segments (child nodes) branch off from a segment (parent node), the user can interactively select the branch or path to traverse and, thus, the next video segment to watch.
As referred to herein, a particular branch or path in an interactive media structure, such as a video tree, can refer to a set of consecutively linked nodes between a starting node and ending node, inclusively, or can refer to some or all possible linked nodes that are connected subsequent to (e.g., sub-branches) or that include a particular node. Branched video can include seamlessly assembled and selectably presentable multimedia content such as that described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/033,916, filed on Feb. 24, 2011, and entitled “System and Method for Seamless Multimedia Assembly” (the “Seamless Multimedia Assembly application”), and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/107,600, filed on Dec. 16, 2013, and entitled “Methods and Systems for Unfolding Video Pre-Roll,” the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The prerecorded video segments in a video tree or other structure can be selectably presentable multimedia content; that is, some or all of the video segments in the video tree can be individually or collectively played for a user based upon the user's selection of a particular video segment, an interaction with a previous or playing video segment, or other interaction that results in a particular video segment or segments being played. The video segments can include, for example, one or more predefined, separate multimedia content segments that can be combined in various manners to create a continuous, seamless presentation such that there are no noticeable gaps, jumps, freezes, delays, or other visual or audible interruptions to video or audio playback between segments. In addition to the foregoing, “seamless” can refer to a continuous playback of content that gives the user the appearance of watching a single, linear multimedia presentation, as well as a continuous playback of multiple content segments that have smooth audio and/or video transitions (e.g., fadeout/fade-in, linking segments) between two or more of the segments.
In some instances, the user is permitted to make choices or otherwise interact in real-time at decision points or during decision periods interspersed throughout the multimedia content. Decision points and/or decision periods can occur at any time and in any number during a multimedia segment, including at or near the beginning and/or the end of the segment. Decision points and/or periods can be predefined, occurring at fixed points or during fixed periods in the multimedia content segments. Based at least in part on the user's choices made before or during playback of content, one or more subsequent multimedia segment(s) associated with the choices can be presented to the user. In some implementations, the subsequent segment is played immediately and automatically following the conclusion of the current segment, whereas in other implementations, the subsequent segment is played immediately upon the user's interaction with the video, without waiting for the end of the decision period or the end of the segment itself.
If a user does not make a selection at a decision point or during a decision period, a default, previously identified selection, or random selection can be made by the system. In some instances, the user is not provided with options; rather, the system automatically selects the segments that will be shown based on information that is associated with the user, other users, or other factors, such as the current date. For example, the system can automatically select subsequent segments based on the user's IP address, location, time zone, the weather in the user's location, social networking ID, saved selections, stored user profiles, preferred products or services, and so on. The system can also automatically select segments based on previous selections made by other users, such as the most popular suggestion or shared selections. The information can also be displayed to the user in the video, e.g., to show the user why an automatic selection is made. As one example, video segments can be automatically selected for presentation based on the geographical location of three different users: a user in Canada will see a twenty-second beer commercial segment followed by an interview segment with a Canadian citizen; a user in the US will see the same beer commercial segment followed by an interview segment with a US citizen; and a user in France is shown only the beer commercial segment.
Multimedia segment(s) selected automatically or by a user can be presented immediately following a currently playing segment, or can be shown after other segments are played. Further, the selected multimedia segment(s) can be presented to the user immediately after selection, after a fixed or random delay, at the end of a decision period, and/or at the end of the currently playing segment. Two or more combined segments can form a seamless multimedia content path or branch, and users can take multiple paths over multiple playthroughs, and experience different complete, start-to-finish, seamless presentations. Further, one or more multimedia segments can be shared among intertwining paths while still ensuring a seamless transition from a previous segment and to the next segment. The content paths can be predefined, with fixed sets of possible transitions in order to ensure seamless transitions among segments. The content paths can also be partially or wholly undefined, such that, in some or all instances, the user can switch to any known video segment without limitation. There can be any number of predefined paths, each having any number of predefined multimedia segments. Some or all of the segments can have the same or different playback lengths, including segments branching from a single source segment.
Traversal of the nodes along a content path in a tree can be performed by selecting among options that appear on and/or around the video while the video is playing. In some implementations, these options are presented to users at a decision point and/or during a decision period in a content segment. Some or all of the displayed options can hover and then disappear when the decision period ends or when an option has been selected. Further, a timer, countdown or other visual, aural, or other sensory indicator can be presented during playback of content segment to inform the user of the point by which he should (or, in some cases, must) make his selection. For example, the countdown can indicate when the decision period will end, which can be at a different time than when the currently playing segment will end. If a decision period ends before the end of a particular segment, the remaining portion of the segment can serve as a non-interactive seamless transition to one or more other segments. Further, during this non-interactive end portion, the next multimedia content segment (and other potential next segments) can be downloaded and buffered in the background for later playback (or potential playback).
A segment that is played after (immediately after or otherwise) a currently playing segment can be determined based on an option selected or other interaction with the video. Each available option can result in a different video and audio segment being played. As previously mentioned, the transition to the next segment can occur immediately upon selection, at the end of the current segment, or at some other predefined or random point. Notably, the transition between content segments can be seamless. In other words, the audio and video continue playing regardless of whether a segment selection is made, and no noticeable gaps appear in audio or video playback between any connecting segments. In some instances, the video continues on to another segment after a certain amount of time if none is chosen, or can continue playing in a loop.
In one example, the multimedia content is a music video in which the user selects options upon reaching segment decision points to determine subsequent content to be played. First, a video introduction segment is played for the user. Prior to the end of the segment, a decision point is reached at which the user can select the next segment to be played from a listing of choices. In this case, the user is presented with a choice as to who will sing the first verse of the song: a tall, female performer, or a short, male performer. The user is given an amount of time to make a selection (i.e., a decision period), after which, if no selection is made, a default segment will be automatically selected. The default can be a predefined or random selection. Of note, the media content continues to play during the time the user is presented with the choices. Once a choice is selected (or the decision period ends), a seamless transition occurs to the next segment, meaning that the audio and video continue on to the next segment as if there were no break between the two segments and the user cannot visually or audibly detect the transition. As the music video continues, the user is presented with other choices at other decisions points, depending on which path of choices is followed. Ultimately, the user arrives at a final segment, having traversed a complete multimedia content path.
In various embodiments, interactive videos may feature one or more physical items, e.g., for the purpose of selling the item, for educating a user about the item, for training a user about the item, etc. Example embodiments of the interactive videos may enable a user to interact with a representation of an item. In some embodiments, the interactive video may be configured such that the user is able to interact with the representation of the item within the video, outside of the video, adjacent to the video, etc.
For example, in the context of a product on sale (e.g., a car, a shirt, gym equipment, etc.), the video featuring the product may be configured to enable a user to interact with the representation of the product, the product's features, types of the product, options for the product, accessories for the product, other products similar and/or related to the product, etc. In this way, the user can explore and learn more about the product before making a purchasing decision. In another example, in the context of an educational video featuring a subject item, the video may be configured to present a representation of the subject item (e.g., a whale, a circuit, a plant, a book, etc.). The user (e.g., student, trainee, etc.) can interact with the subject item to learn more about and/or investigate the features of the subject item, reconfigurability of the item, etc. It is understood that, while this disclosure features systems and methods for generating interactive videos for products, the example systems and methods described herein can be applied to interactive videos featuring educational items, training items, items subject to investigation, items subject to analysis, etc.
In various embodiments, the interactive video can be included (integrated, embedded, etc.) in a website, an app for a mobile device, on an automated platform, etc. For example, the interactive video featuring a product may be on the product-specific webpage or a product detail page (PDP) of the app or platform. In another example, the interactive video can be part of a retail website (e.g., Nike.com, Toyota.com, Samsung.com, etc.) or a part of an online marketplace (e.g., Walmart.com, Amazon.com, etc.).
In various embodiments, an automated platform can be configured to generate an interactive video.
Referring to
In step 202, the system 300 (e.g., automated platform 302) can be configured to receive data 316 associated with at least one physical item. The received data 316 may be streamed, received via an application programming interface (API), received in one or more data files, and/or received in a bulk data transfer. The received data 316 to may be inputted by the publisher and/or obtained from a remote computing system 314. For example, the data 316 may include an identification number or code associated the item (e.g., a stock keeping unit (SKU), an ID number, etc.), a link to a website (e.g., a URL) associated with the item, a text description associated with the item, one or more tags associated with the item, a list of features associated with the item, one or more images of the item, one or more videos associated with the item, one or more videos associated with the item feature, one or more audio data associated with the item, and/or one or more audio data associated with the item features. For example, the received data 316 for a particular product may include a product name, one or more pictures of the product, customer reviews of the product, a product description, inventory status, one or more tags, an identification number, etc. As described further below, one or more of these data may be used or presented in or adjacent to the interactive video featuring the product item.
In step 204, the system 300 can be configured to receive video content including a visual presentation of one or more physical items. In some embodiments, the interactive video features one item. In some embodiments, the interactive video features two or more options (e.g., color, size, similar products, etc.) for the same item. In some embodiments, the interactive video features two or more items. For example, an interactive video can feature a cooking video with a grocery shopping list of ingredients used in the video. In another example, an interactive video for skiing or snowboarding can feature multiple pieces of clothing, equipment, accessories, etc. for purchase.
In step 206, the system 300 can be configured to receive a selection of a predetermined template. The predetermined template may include two or more modules (also referred to as “sections”) organized in a tree structure. Note that the system 300 may store and/or reference one or more templates based on the item, a feature of the item, a tag associated with the item, the publisher's preference, etc. Different templates may be associated with different tree structures, may have different appearances, and/or accommodate different data (e.g., video, audio, etc.) associated with the item. The publisher can select an appropriate template for a given item; add, remove, or adjust modules; adjust the associated tree structure; add, remove, or adjust the data in the template.
In step 208, the system 300 can be configured to organize the video content into the predetermined template to form organized video template. In some embodiments, the video content may be received in portions and/or divided into portions after receipt. These video content portions may be organized into sections (and/or subsections). For example, a template for an interactive video featuring a toy may organize received video content such that the interactive video includes a first section for unboxing the toy, a second section for playing with the toy, and exploring the features of the toy. In another example, a template for an interactive video featuring a fashion product (e.g., clothes, accessories, shoes, etc.) may include a first section for the user to select a fashion influencer, a second section to view a product associated with the influencer, a third section to select a color, and a fourth section to select a color.
In step 210, an object (e.g., a button, an interactive element, a slide, etc.) may be embedded in a portion of the video content (e.g., in a section) to enable the end user to interact with the video.
In some embodiments, the interactive video may be configured to wait for end user interaction (e.g., via a button) to move to the next section. In some embodiments, the interactive video may be configured to automatically select a button for the end user after some time period (or make no selection) and move to the next section.
In some embodiments, the interactive video may be altered before, during, or after the video is “live” on a website. For example, one or more aspects of the template and/or the video content (e.g., buttons, sections, subsections, timeline, video content, data) may be adjusted.
In
In some embodiments, a template for an interactive video may be embedded into a website and may be configured to be “overridden” by data associated with the webpage. For instance, the template can include placeholder sections, buttons, fields, video content, images, number of template elements (e.g., sections, subsections, buttons, etc.), location of elements, etc. The template may then be overridden by the website in real time or near real time. The features of the template that can be overridden may be included in metadata associated with the template and/or webpage carrying the template. A publisher may choose to embed the template into multiple webpages (e.g., each webpage featuring a different model of a shoe, an online marketplace featuring a wide variety of products, etc.) and override the template with content and/or configurations specific to the item on that webpage. In some embodiments, the configuration of template, video content, and/or related data can be stored within data of the webpage.
In some embodiments, each configuration of the template has an associated identification number. For example, in the above, the configuration of the template 814a for the chair interactive video has a different identification number than the configuration of the template 814b for the noodle soup interactive video. In some embodiments, the publisher is able to preview the interactive project in sandbox mode to determine any additional configuration or data needed for the websites.
In some embodiments, the platform 302 can include an automatic testing function and/or program (referred to as a tester) that is configured to determine whether a particular implementation of an interactive video is correct. For example, the tester can be configured to determine whether each section (e.g., node) has video content, whether each button is operational (e.g., responsive to user input), whether links to other websites are operational, whether the video content is in the intended size and/or format, whether analytics are being sent from the webpage, whether the API to the platform is valid, etc. If there are any issues as a result of testing, a substitute interactive video, a static video, or a static image may be placed temporarily while the issue is resolved (e.g., by the publisher).
In various embodiments, the end user of the platform 302 may be assigned a user identification number (referred to as “user_id”). The platform 302 may be configured to manage purchases and/or other transactions using this user_id. The end user may interact with the interactive video on website (e.g., of a merchant, organization, school, etc.) or on the platform 302.
In some embodiments, the platform 302 is configured to execute one or more analytical programs (referred to as analytics) on the interactive video, webpage, and/or app page to monitor and/or collect data on user interactions (e.g., selections, purchases, etc.). For example, this data can be used for marketing, product optimization, inventory optimization, etc. The data can be used by the merchant to determine which products are selected more than others, interacted with more frequently and/or for longer amounts of time, and/or purchased more often. In some cases, the data can be used to determine configurations for existing and/or future interactive videos. The analytics may keep track of user interactions via the user_id, the session associated with the playing of the video via the session identification number (referred to as session_id), the item identification number (referred to as the item_id), the URL, etc.
While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
Particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Other steps or stages may be provided, or steps or stages may be eliminated, from the described processes. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
The phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
The term “approximately”, the phrase “approximately equal to”, and other similar phrases, as used in the specification and the claims (e.g., “X has a value of approximately Y” or “X is approximately equal to Y”), should be understood to mean that one value (X) is within a predetermined range of another value (Y). The predetermined range may be plus or minus 20%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 1%, 0.1%, or less than 0.1%, unless otherwise indicated.
The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.” The phrase “and/or,” as used in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
As used in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.
As used in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.
The use of “including,” “comprising,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and additional items.
Use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed. Ordinal terms are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term), to distinguish the claim elements.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/334,027 filed on May 28, 2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17334027 | May 2021 | US |
| Child | 18528925 | US |
