Patent Application
20230367033
The present embodiment generally relates to a method for controlling energy usage in a facility using a weather and energy data collection information system.
A need exists for a method for data collection that automatically and continuously identifies and monitors energy conservation opportunities, monitors and calculates energy efficiency metrics and energy demand in a plurality of multilevel buildings simultaneously using preexisting smart meters, preexisting energy portals and preexisting weather stations.
It would therefore be advantageous to provide a solution that would overcome the challenges noted above.
A summary of several example embodiments of the disclosure follows. This summary is provided for the convenience of the reader to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments and does not wholly define the breadth of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all embodiments nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. For convenience, the term “some embodiments” or “certain embodiments” may be used herein to refer to a single embodiment or multiple embodiments of the disclosure.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein include an energy management system including: a plurality of physical structures that generates energy usage data for the respective physical structures, the energy data being gathered by a pre-existing energy portal website; at least one weather station distanced from the physical structures and generating weather data for the physical locations of the physical structures; a server configured to: recursively crawl the Internet to search for the plurality of energy portals websites that provide a fifteen minute interval data, —recursively crawl the Internet to search for a pre-existing weather portal website that provides a sixty minutes interval weather data that are collected at locations within a predetermined distance from an address of the respective one of the plurality of physical structures, and the at least one weather station using a dynamic energy model to process and analyze the generated energy usage data and the generated weather data to generate weather-related energy usage data, acquire a previous weather-related energy usage data generated by a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model at a same time during a previous year at a same day of the previous year, compare the generated weather-related energy usage data with the acquired GBM model weather-related energy usage data, identify an efficiency error in an operation of an energy consumption system contributing to the generated weather-related energy usage data, generate an alert report, based on the identified efficiency error, and generate a heat map representing energy usage during a predetermined time period to identify the efficiency error, wherein the scheduling error is identified by: comparing a current day energy usage data during which the weather-related energy usage data is generated, with the GBM model energy usage data acquired during the same day of the previous or another year, and identifying the efficiency error upon the current day energy usage data exceeding the GBM model weather-related energy usage data over a predetermined threshold, and wherein it is determined that the energy consumption system is not operating based on a pre-determined maximum percentage change and a minimum change in the fifteen minute interval data that is captured for a day during which the fifteen minute interval data is obtained; and a client device communicating with the server through which the generated alert or measuring and verification report is sent.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include an automated method for managing weather related energy usage including: crawling the Internet to search for a plurality of energy portals websites that provide data that are collected at locations within a predetermined distance from an address of respective one of a plurality of physical structures; using a dynamic energy model to acquire energy usage data for the respective one of the plurality of physical structures, each energy portal associated with the respective one of the physical structures; recursively crawling the Internet to search for at least one weather station using the dynamic energy model to acquire weather data for the physical locations of the physical structures, the weather station being physically distanced from the physical structures; analyzing the acquired energy usage data and the acquired weather data to generate weather-related energy usage data for the physical structures; acquiring a previous weather-related energy usage data generated by a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model during a previous year at a same day of the previous year; comparing the generated weather-related energy usage data with the acquired previous GBM model; identifying an efficiency error in an operation of an energy consumption system contributing to the generated weather-related energy usage data; generating an alert and measuring and verification reports, based on the identified efficiency error, wherein the weather data includes one of temperature, dew point, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, or pressure precipitation; and generating a heat map representing energy usage during a predetermined time period to identify the efficiency error, wherein the efficiency error is identified by: comparing a current day energy usage data during which the weather-related energy usage data is generated, with a previous year GBM model usage data acquired during the same day of a previous year; and identifying an efficiency error upon the current day energy usage data exceeding the GBM model of a previous year weather related energy usage data over a predetermined threshold, and wherein it is determined that the energy consumption system is not operating based on a pre-determined GBM model maximum percentage change; in the energy usage data that is captured for a day during which the energy usage data is obtained.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include a system and method of detecting energy consumption anomaly. The method includes: receiving an energy consumption data of an energy usage system of a building; analyzing the received energy consumption data of the energy usage system of the building using a Multi-Seasonal-series using Loess (MSTL) decomposition, including: analyzing the energy consumption data of the energy usage system by breaking down the energy consumption data into frequency components, and identifying an energy usage of the building, wherein the analyzing of the received energy consumption data further includes: receiving the time-series energy consumption data of the energy system, and analyzing the received time-series energy consumption data using the MSTL decomposition by separating the received time-series energy consumption data into frequency components, graphically displaying the frequency components on a display; identifying patterns and trends from the graphically displayed frequency component; determining a target value for a non-operating time of the building, wherein the target value is determined by performing a box plot analysis; creating a conservation model based on the determined target value for the non-operating time of the building and a schedule hour based on the MSTL decomposition; generating a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model based on the created conservation model; predicting, using the generated GBM model, the energy usage of the building, based on a current weather condition and a current time; calculating a recommended conservation level based on the predicted energy usage of the building; comparing the recommended conservation level to an actual energy consumption data; and alerting a user upon determining that a deviation between the actual energy consumption data and the time series consumption data exceeds a predetermined threshold, wherein: the predetermined threshold is a difference between the actual consumption data and the energy usage of the building predicted by the generated GBM model, and the generated GBM model is updated on a periodic basis, the periodic basis being one of a monthly or a weekly basis.
The subject matter disclosed herein is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. The Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee will provide copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s).
As the color drawings are being filed electronically via EFS-Web, only one set of the drawings is submitted.
The detailed description will be better understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows:
The present embodiments are detailed below with reference to the listed Figures.
It is important to note that the embodiments disclosed herein are only examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily limit any of the various claimed embodiments. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others. In general, unless otherwise indicated, singular elements may be in plural and vice versa with no loss of generality. In the drawings, like numerals refer to like parts through several views.
Before explaining the present method in detail, it is to be understood that the method is not limited to the particular embodiments and that it can be practiced or carried out in various ways.
Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis of the claims and as a representative basis for teaching persons having ordinary skill in the art to variously employ the present invention.
The disclosure relates an automated method for managing weather related energy use.
The automated method for managing weather related energy usage involves electronically connecting a processor with a non-transitory computer readable medium to a network.
In the method, the next step involves installing a dynamic energy model in the non-transitory computer readable medium then inputting an address for at least one physical structure into the dynamic energy model, wherein each physical structure is defined by an address.
The method next step involves electronically connecting the processor with at least one pre-existing weather station portal located within a preset distance from each physical structure, wherein each weather station portal provides a continuous stream of weather data including ambient temperature data external to the physical structure to the dynamic energy model.
Simultaneously while electronically connecting to a preexisting weather station portal, the method has the processor electronically connect with at least one pre-existing energy portal, wherein each pre-existing energy portal provides a continuous stream of interval electrical usage for each physical structure and a continuous stream of ambient temperature data external to the same from a plurality of devices including at least one pre-existing smart meter, wherein each pre-existing smart meter is mounted onto or within a preset distance of each physical structure.
The method involves electronically connecting at least one client device having a client device processor and a display to the network. The client device is connected to the network for receiving and displaying at least two interactive graphs and alert reports produced by the dynamic energy model for each physical structure defined by an address while simultaneously using data from each pre-existing weather station portal and each pre-existing energy portal.
The method uses a dynamic energy model that includes instructions, which when executed by a processor performs the steps of: harvesting and compiling energy interval usage data and temperature interval data at predefined intervals; conditioning the harvested energy interval usage data and temperature interval data forming conditioned harvested data, wherein conditioning includes instructions for cleaning, indexing, and slicing the harvested data; using preset threshold values stored in the dynamic energy model to generate alert reports for each physical structure; generating groups of interactive graphs using conditioned harvested data and generated alert reports for each physical structure; transmitting the groups of interactive graphs with alert reports to at least one client device for continuous monitoring and control; and calculating and storing energy metrics for each physical structure.
The calculating and storing of energy metrics can be for a day of conditioned harvested data; a group of six days of conditioned harvested data; and a group of thirty-five days of conditioned harvested data.
The method uses a dynamic energy model to applying statistical modeling to the harvested data utilizing filtering to remove outliers in the stored energy metrics providing improved energy metrics.
The method uses a dynamic energy model that also determines percent changes in improved energy metrics for each physical structure for one day of conditioned harvested data and for a group of days of conditioned harvested data simultaneously; and compares a percent change to preset threshold values, and if the percent change does not exceed the preset threshold values automatically generating a daily report and if the percent change exceeds the preset threshold values generate an alert report to the client device for each structure defined by an address.
In embodiments, the method adds the step of activating harvesting of energy usage and temperature internal data at a preset start time.
In embodiments, the method uses a counter in the dynamic energy model to identify i a quantity of physical structures to be monitored.
In embodiments, the method collects weather data from airports or a weather station within from 60 miles to 100 miles of each physical structure.
In embodiments, the method generates an alert report that defines each threshold value exceeded by hour and percent change in energy usage by hour for each physical structure.
In embodiments, the method determines a maximum energy usage day and a minimum energy usage day using the dynamic energy model and these values are included in the interactive graphs.
In embodiments, the method uses the dynamic energy model to calculate cooling and heating degrees days that are highlighted and presented on the interactive graphs.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model resamples energy data and the temperature data in 24-hour intervals to create a 24-hour report.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model gathers user information on users and physical attributes of physical structures and presents user information in the interactive graphs.
In embodiments, the method generates a dictionary for energy metrics to use with the interactive graphs by the dynamic energy model.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model harvests energy data every 15 minutes or less and temperature data every 5 minutes or less from each energy portal.
In embodiments, the method uses using a standard base temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit degrees and temperature interval data every 15 minutes to determine temperature degree values for use in the interactive graphs.
In embodiments, the method uses the dynamic energy model to generate sets of historical monthly energy heat maps that enable visualization of a last 30 days for energy usage by hour per day with a color dependent value related to a color palette by the dynamic energy model.
In embodiments, the method uses the dynamic energy model to generate monthly historical heat maps to identify patterns anomalies and identify opportunities of energy conservation for the physical structure by the dynamic energy model.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model maps resampled energy data to comparable days of a week and overlapping 365-day data sets on the map to compare a current year versus a previous year by month, by day, and by hour for each physical structure.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model calculates changes in energy metrics related to equipment startup and equipment shutdown times for a physical structure.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model calculates energy metrics for a physical structure, wherein the energy metrics include: total energy use for one day, total energy use for six days, and total energy usage for thirty five days; maximum energy values for one day, maximum energy values for any six days and maximum energy value for any thirty five days; minimum energy values for one day, minimum energy values for any six days, and minimum energy values for any thirty five days, and mean energy use for any group of days.
The dynamic energy model is used to calculate the last day percent change, this value is calculated comparing the last day energy metrics to the average of the last five corresponding days in the last five same weekdays and comparing it to stored threshold values, and issuing a daily report. If the percent change does exceed the stored threshold values, the server automatically generates an alert report to the client device for each structure defined by an address.
The dynamic energy model automatically and on 15 minutes intervals verifies if there is new data available in the energy and temperature portals and harvests energy interval data and temperature interval data either identified by the structure defined by an address forming harvested energy interval and temperature interval data.
The embodiments reduce the time used by clients to gather and process energy information necessary to make energy management decisions. The network, server, processor and non-transitory computer readable medium to automatically and continuously check the energy and temperature portals for new data.
As soon as new data is available, the method updates the databases and creates all the analysis for the client to review and take actions with. The method is able to update the databases by exchanging information between the systems and the energy and weather portals.
The method prevents waste by automatically and continuously doing the work for the client, saving countless hours of work in addition to wasted energy.
The method creates alert reports on time-sensitive manner so that the client is able to take corrective actions.
The method automatically performs and improves the energy management functions and analysis by finding waste in energy consumption.
The method fosters improved quality of life, prevent premature death, and costly illnesses by using its benchmarking capabilities to allow identification of inefficient energy use in multi buildings mainly for HVAC and other major equipment, which allows multi buildings to maintain a dryer and properly ventilated environment. The dryer and properly ventilated environment lowers the risk of illnesses and mold growth and reduces buildup of air pollutants. Hence improving occupant comfort, productivity, enhancing general health, which avoids costly illness and premature dead.
According to the EPA Americans, on average, spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors, where the concentrations of some pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than typical outdoor concentrations. Moreover, noting that indoor Ambient (outdoor air pollution) is a major cause of death and disease globally, the health effects range from increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits, to increased risk of premature death. The World Health Organization estimates that 4.6 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution. Many of these mortalities are attributable to indoor air pollution. Worldwide more deaths per year are linked to air pollution than to automobile accidents.
The method prevents environmental harm by creating and sending automated alert reports to clients when alert thresholds have been met, therefore, reducing the wasted energy consumption by fostering energy usage savings, using substantially less energy and reducing the amount of carbon dioxide produced to the environment. Issues may include but not limited to client's issues with HVAC systems scheduling process, or human error, a facility manager forgetting to change setting on HVAC units, and leaving the units on for one for months a time. According to the U.S. Department of Energy in the United States alone, buildings account for almost 40 percent of national CO2 emissions and out-consume both the industrial and transportation sectors.
The method reduces owner costs of energy consumption by providing alert reports that are to see and alerts that immediately pushed to a cell phone or their client device.
The method reduces owner cost of energy consumption by providing daily report with analysis that can be compared to base year kWh usage to determine optimal timing for equipment rehab or replacement.
The method optimizes the use of HVAC equipment, thus reducing the owner cost of energy consumption by providing daily reports with analysis which allows client to review optimal HVAC start and stop times, which extends the life of the equipment by using HVAC optimally.
The following terms are used herein:
The term “alert reports” refers to a daily report that tells a client's device that an issue or anomaly is occurring in the structure defined by an address, such as a heating ventilation and air conditioning has been left on after hours.
The term “automatically generate” refers to a process performed without any human assistance. Such as the harvesting of interval energy and weather data, the alert reports and analysis. For example the invention automatically crawls the Internet to harvest data a process that a client would normally could not perform due to time and resources constraints it is done generated automatically by the invention.
The term “automated” refers to applying the principles of automation to the process of gathering interval energy and temperature data, conditioning, processing and issue of energy related reports.
The term “Big Data” refers to extremely large data sets that many be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends and associations. The invention crawls the Internet every 15 minutes to harvest, raw data, such as energy and weather interval data, and performs analysis which could not be performed by the client or even an excel sheet, due to the extreme size of the data sets.
The term “client device” refers to a laptop, computer, tablet, smartphone, or similar bidirectional device with a processor and memory.
The term “color scale” can refer to a specialized label object that displays a color map and the object's scale. In the color scale, the lowest kWh and temperatures are represented in blue, the low mid rage kWh and temperatures are represented in yellow, the high mid-range kWh and temperatures are represented as orange, and the high kWh and temperatures are represented in red for the structure defined by an address 199a.
The term “conditioned harvested data” or “data conditioned” refers to cleaning, indexing and slicing of harvested data. For example, cleaning is the removal of duplicated data. Indexing is assigning operators to data to provide quick and easy access across a wide range of energy values and temperature values. Another example, slicing of harvested data includes filtering the data by time intervals, such as 24 hours, 36 hours, 120 hours or another user defined unit.
The term “Crawl” refers computer instructions which systematically browse the Internet. For example the invention automatically crawls the Internet to the energy and temperature portals to harvest data.
The term “daily report” refers to a report containing analysis on energy usage and graphs of energy metrics.
The first illustration shows a bar-chart with last day energy usage versus the same day previous year and a bar-chart below shows the excess or defect of energy usage, second illustration shows a line-graph with the 15 minutes interval energy usage in kWh during the day showing the maximum energy usage and the minimum inferring on and off of heating ventilation and air conditioning units, third illustration shows a line-graph in 15 minutes interval a comparison behavior in energy usage for that day versus previous year same weekday showing excess in red or defect in green color, line-graph below shows for that day comparison temperature in one hour interval behavior with same weekday last year. Fourth illustration shows a comparative bar-chart of last seven days energy usage for current versus last year weekdays, below a chart-graph showing the excess in red or defect in green color. Fifth illustration shows a comparative seven days line-graph of daily energy usage behavior with previous year, excess usage in red color or defect usage in green color, graph below shows comparative seven days line-graph of daily behavior of temperature with previous year, excess temperature in red color or defect in green color; facilitating correlation between energy use and temperature. Next illustrations are a thirty five day analysis showing four sets of heat maps for the structure defined by the address. The first set of heat maps shows energy usage per day for the structure defined by the address. The second set of heat maps shows total degree hours per day for the structure defined by the address. The third set of heat maps show kilowatt per hour usage per degree day for the structure defined by the address. The fourth set of heat maps shows kilowatts per hour usage per degree day per square foot of the structure defined by the address.
The term “DH” or “Degree Hours” refers the units use to determine the heating or cooling requirements, referring to base temperature such as 65 degree Fahrenheit, by hour. For example at 11 am the temperate is 75 degree Fahrenheit therefore the degree hours for the 11 am is 10 DH.
The term “dictionary” refers to an unordered key-value-pair set of variables save to memory.
The term “dynamic energy model” refers to a mathematical procedure that use conditioned harvested energy and temperature interval data with conditioned energy and temperature interval data to produce the daily report and an alert report if an threshold is exceeded. The dynamic energy model compares last day energy usage against the mean of the similar five days of the five previous weekdays; previously the mean of the similar weekdays of the last 5 weeks has been analyzed and conditioned of any outlier so the mean value is representative to obtain a percent change. If percent change is equal or bigger than the alert threshold established, an alert is issue to client devices for corrective action. To show a whole image of the energy usage, the model calculates energy usage by different periods including but not limited to: (i) Last Day: energy usage, maximum energy usage during a day and the date and time of the pick (kilowatts), percent change of energy usage; (ii) Last Six Days: total energy usage, day of maximum energy usage and value and percent change of energy usage; (iii) Last Forty Days: total energy usage, day of maximum energy usage and value, day of maximum daily energy usage per facility area per degree-hour and its value (kWh/DH/SF).
The term “harvested energy interval and temperature interval data” refers to the raw data collected from the energy portals, such as Smart Meter Texas or CenterPoint Energy Demand & Energy Information System, and the weather portals and energy portals.
The term “HVAC” refers to heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
The term “energy conservation” refers to reducing energy through the use. For example not forgetting to turn off heating ventilation and air conditioner systems when not used or not needed is energy conservation.
The term “energy metrics” refers to values of interval energy in kilowatts per hour (kWh) every 15 minutes, values of interval load in kilowatts every 15 minutes, temperature is arranged in intervals every 60 minutes; these values can be manipulated arithmetically; degree-hour is another metric obtained by subtracting from temperature values the base-temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The term “energy portals” refers to a website that provides interval energy data from smart meters or interval data recorders (IDR) by a unique electrical service identifier or electric service identifier (ESI), such as Smart Meter Texas and CenterPoint Energy Demand & Energy Information Systems (DEIS).
The term “heat map” refers to a graphical representation of two variables such as energy and temperature interval data where the individual values contained in a matrix are represented as colors related to a scale with the x-axis as the time, y-axis hours, and a color scale representing the kWh value, usually with blue as a lower value of kWh and red a higher value of kWh consumption.
The term “historical” refers to the previously harvested energy and weather condition interval data.
The term “interactive graph” graphs that allow a two-way flow of information between a system and client; responding to a client's input.
The term “interval data” refers to data in which the increments are known, consistent and measurable, such as 15 minute interval energy data, which is the energy data that is collected from the smart meters every 15 minutes.
The term “maximum and minimum dates of energy usage values” refers to specific days when a structure has a maximum energy use or minimum energy use in a defined period of time.
The term “non-transitory computer readable medium” refers to a hard disk drive, solid state drive, flash drive, tape drive, and the like. The term “non-transitory computer readable medium” excludes any transitory signals but includes any non-transitory data storage circuitry, e.g., buffers, cache, and queues, within transceivers of transitory signals.
The term “network” refers to a satellite network, a cellular network, a global communication network, a local area network, a wide area network, a fiber optic network or combinations thereof.
The term “overlapping annual data” refers to ordering the interval data on the weekday bases. That is to order the first weekday of current year to the first weekday of other years so that all weekdays throughout the year are the same. The overlapping of annual data allows to compare Monday to Monday, this is important due to the weekly settings of the heating ventilation and air condition system scheduling.
The term “percent change” represents the degree of change over a period of time.
The term “processor” refers the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
The term “quartile” refers to each of four equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of the energy data. Quartile filtering removes outliers such as holidays and blackouts, from the last 5 same weekday days.
The phrase “resample interval energy data and interval temperature data to one day periods” refers to a method of frequency conversion by frequency of time, such as an initial sampling of every 15 minutes, then resampling to every hour.
The term “script” refers to a program or set of instruction that tells a computer to do something.
The term “server” refers to a type of computer or device on a network that manages network resources. The server provides requested HTML pages for the client, in addition to providing the program logic for the invention.
The term “smart meter” refers to a device that measures interval energy data and transmits the interval energy data to an energy portal by smart meter identification number and by structure defined by an address. Such as the Smart Meter manufactured by Itron, OpenWay model.
The term “structures defined by an address” refers to one or more structures such as a high rise, a house, a warehouse, a school, a parking lot, industrial facility, a bus stop with electronic signs, an airport, or a waste treatment facility.
The term “threshold values” refers to a value defined by a user to cause an alert report to be transmitted to a client device.
The term “utility companies” refers to power distribution companies, for example CenterPoint Energy.
The term “weather stations portals” refers to an airport website or local weather station that provides interval temperature data via the Internet.
The term “weekday” it is used to refer when comparing Monday to Monday, or Tuesday to Tuesday.
The term “Box Plot” is a method for graphically demonstrating the locality, spread and skewness groups of numerical data through their quartiles.
The term, “Multiple seasonal-trend decomposition using Loess (MSTL), is a robust method of time series decomposition often used in economic and environmental analyses. The MSTL method uses locally fitted regression models to decompose a time series into trend, seasonal, and remainder components. The period of each seasonal component (e.g., for hourly data with daily and weekly seasonality) is periods=(24, 24*7).
The term “Conservation model” is a mathematical representation of a building's energy consumption and management system. It aims to predict the optimal energy usage of a building by identifying which systems or equipment can be turned off or operated at a lower power level without compromising the comfort or functionality of the building's occupants. The model may take into account factors such as the building's occupancy schedule, weather conditions, and equipment usage patterns to make its predictions. The goal of a conservation model is to minimize energy consumption and costs while maintaining a comfortable and functional environment for the building's occupants.
The term “Gradient Boosting Machine” (GBM) is a machine learning technique for regression and classification problems, which produces a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, typically decision trees. It builds the model in a stage-wise fashion like other boosting methods do, and it generalizes them by allowing optimization of an arbitrary differentiable loss function.
The GBM model is obtained following the steps: First, a previous year's energy interval and weather data (e.g., temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, dew point, pressure) are acquired. Next, all data acquired are trained using a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) to obtain an energy model based on all the features used. Thereafter, a base model is obtained based on the energy model, and a current year weather interval data is taken. Then, a GBM energy model is obtained by using the energy interval data as a dependent variable, and uploading the current year weather dataset in the base model.
Once obtained, the GBM model may then be used to determine how much energy one would have used given current weather conditions.
The term “Energy Savings or Waste” refers to determination of energy savings using the model-based energy usage calculations. This is determined by subtracting the measured actual usage from the GBM model-determined model usage, (or subtracting how much energy one actually used from how much energy one is predicted to be using based on the GBM model.
Additionally, the GBM combines multiple weak models, such as decision trees, to create a single strong model. Each tree in the ensemble is trained to correct the mistakes of the previous tree. By iteratively training the trees, the model can account for the errors of previous trees, and improve the overall accuracy of the model.
The term, “Efficiency error” involves identifying and diagnosing energy waste, and optimizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, includes scheduling errors.
Turning now to the Figures,
The server with processor and network can connect to pre-existing weather stations portals 130a and 130b and preexisting energy portals 140a and 140b. The energy portals 140a and 140b are maintained by utility companies 112. The processor and network connect to preexisting smart meters that are electronically connected to each physical structure having and address.
Weather station portals can be located at airports 133 proximate the structures defined by an address, such as within 60 to 100 miles of the structure defined by the address. Weather station portals 130a and 130b can be a weather station 134, proximate the structures defined by an address.
The server and network can be connected to a plurality of smart meters 150a-150e at least one meter is for each physical structure with an address.
Each smart meter is mounted to or proximate structures defined by an address 199a-199e. Structure defined by an address 199a is a warehouse, structure defined by an address 199b is an office building, structure defined by an address 199c is a hospital, structure defined by an address 199d is a convenience store, and structure defined by an address 199e is a residential house.
At least one client device 160 can be connected to the network 120 for viewing at least two interactive graphs generated by the server 110 using conditioned harvested data collected by the server 110 from the smart meters 150a-150e.
The server 110 with processor can be configured to crawl through the energy portals and temperature portals and harvest energy interval and temperature interval data either identified by a structure defined by an address forming harvested energy interval and temperature interval data.
The server 110 with processor uses the dynamic energy model to condition the harvested energy interval and temperature interval data. The conditioning can include cleaning; indexing and slicing the harvested energy interval and temperature interval data forming conditioned harvested data.
The server 110 with processor uses the dynamic energy model to generate groups of interactive graphs using the conditioned harvested data and presents it to the client device 160, using an interface 165.
The server 110 with processor uses the dynamic energy model to compare stored threshold values stored in non-transitory computer readable medium of the server connected to the processor and automatically generates alert reports 243 and daily 244 reports to the client device.
The non-transitory computer readable medium 113 of the server 110 stores energy metrics 231 for each physical structure defined by an address 199 in the dynamic energy model.
In embodiments, the server 110 with a non-transitory computer readable medium 113 has instructions 300, which when executed by a processor, crawling through the energy portals and temperature portals and harvests energy interval data and temperature interval data for the physical structure defined by an address 199 forming harvested energy interval and temperature interval data 221 that is stored in the non-transitory computer readable medium 113, and namely in the Dynamic energy model.
The server 110 with processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium 113 has instructions 302, which form the dynamic energy model, which when executed by a processor, performs steps to condition harvested energy interval and temperature interval data 221 forming conditioned harvested data 226, wherein the conditioning includes cleaning, indexing and slicing. The conditioned harvested data 226 is stored in the non-transitory computer readable medium 113 in the dynamic energy model.
The server with processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium 113 has instructions 304 in the dynamic energy model, which when executed by a processor, generate groups of interactive graphs 170a using the conditioned harvested data 226 for each physical structure defined by and address 199 and transmits the interactive graphs to one or more client devices. Each client device displays the interactive graphs 170a on a user interface 165.
In embodiments, the server 110 with processor and with a non-transitory computer readable medium 113 has instructions 306 in the dynamic energy model, which when executed by a processor, store threshold values 240 and energy metrics 23 for each physical structure defined by an address 199 in the non-transitory computer readable medium 113.
The dynamic energy model is identified as element 430.
The dynamic energy model 430 contains instructions 308, which when executed by a processor, perform a series of steps to populate the energy metrics for the last day of an interval 432, the last six days of an interval 434, and the last thirty five days of an interval 436.
The dynamic energy model 430 contains instructions 310, which when executed by a processor, perform a statistical modeling utilizing first and third quartile filtering 269 to remove outliers such as holidays and blackouts, from the last five same weekday days.
The dynamic energy model 430 contains instructions 312, which when executed by a processor, determine percent changes in energy metrics 231 as of the last day of an interval 432, the last six days of an interval 434, and last 35 days of an interval, comparing the percent change to stored threshold values 240 in the non-transitory computer readable medium 113, and if the percent change does not exceed the stored threshold value 240, automatically generating a daily report 244 and optionally an alert report 243.
In embodiments, the server using the dynamic energy model to compute a plurality of variables like maximum energy usage days 245 and minimum energy usage days 246 which are stored in the non-transitory computer readable medium and inserted into the daily report 244.
In embodiments, the server with processor sets a start time 211 which is stored in non-transitory computer readable medium 113 and the dynamic energy model to harvest energy interval and temperature interval data from the smart meters connected to the network. The server is set to perform the harvesting on 15 minutes intervals continuously in an embodiment of the method.
The server can also identify a quantity of physical structures defined by an address to be monitored and generate a counter 217.
The server 110 with processor can increase the counter by one unit (N+1) to go to a next physical structure defined by an address 199 and determine if the value of N of the counter has become bigger than a total preset unit (t) of structures defined by an address 257. The server 110 ends the analysis, or if the value of N of the counter is less than a total preset unit (t) of structures defined by an address 257, the server 110 with processor uses the dynamic energy model to automatically harvest interval energy data and interval temperature data for that next structure defined by an address 199. The server continues comparing the quantity of structures defined by an address to the counter and continues harvesting interval energy data and interval temperature data until the value of N reaches the value of (t+1).
The server with processor gathers user information 261 on users and physical attributes of structures defined by an address and stores the user information in memory and in the dynamic energy model.
In an embodiment, the server with processor uses the dynamic energy model to generate a dictionary 267 for energy metrics by assigning values to variables.
The
The top chart shows a comparative of seven days total daily energy usage against previous year same weekdays. The x-axis is in days, in this case from Wednesday August 15th to Tuesday August 21st and y-axis daily energy usage in kWh, wherein blue color is current year and gray is the previous year. The bottom chart shows on the y-axis the percent difference in kWh for the previous seven days. Red bars depict greater kWh usage as compared to the previous year same weekday, and green areas depict less kWh.
The Dynamic energy model presents a heat map that depicts mean energy use for six days having same weekday 619a-e, shown as Friday in this figure, during thirty five consecutive days.
In embodiments, the processor of the server crawls through energy portals and temperature portals and harvests energy interval and temperature interval data by physical structure defined by an address including weather data from airports 133 or a weather station 134 within from 60 miles to 100 miles of the structure defined an address as shown in
In embodiments, the method can generate an alert report that defines each threshold value exceeded and a percent change in energy usage for each structure de
In embodiments, the cooling and heating degrees hours can be stored in the dynamic energy model.
In embodiments, the server with processor can resample interval energy data and interval temperature data in 24 hour intervals and use the dynamic energy model to create a daily report for each physical structure with an address.
In embodiments, the server with processor uses the dynamic energy model to present conditioned harvested data by multiple individual dates in the daily report.
In embodiments, the dynamic energy model instruct the processor to harvest the interval energy data occurs every 15 minutes or less and the harvesting of the interval temperature data occurs every five minutes or less.
In embodiments, the method can use a standard base temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and temperature interval data of every 15 minutes to determine degree values.
In embodiments, the processor with dynamic energy model can generate sets of historical monthly energy heat maps that enable visualization of a last 30 days for energy usage by hour per day with a color dependent value related to a color pallet.
The method can provide monthly historical heat maps to identify patterns anomalies and identify opportunities of energy conservation.
In embodiments, the method creates maps and can resample energy interval data to comparable days of a week and overlapping annual data sets to compare a current year versus previous years, by month, by day, and by hour.
In embodiments, the method contemplates the processor with dynamic energy model can calculate changes in energy metrics and mapping changes in energy metrics to show startup and shutdown times of equipment using energy in a structure defined by an address.
The invention relates to a method that uses an administrative server with a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium that connects to the Internet containing the dynamic energy model.
A physical structure defined by an address 199a, such as a school district with 100 properties in Houston, Tex. requests to have the method determine automatically energy usage and cross correlate to weather information.
The school district will utilize the energy portals and temperature portals, such as IAH George Bush Intercontinental Airport weather stations portal and Centerpoint energy portals. In
Each school building has a smart meter mounted to it and in communication with the Internet.
A computer is connected to the network for viewing at least two interactive graphs namely, a 30 day heat map
The server with processor uses the dynamic energy model to crawl through the energy portal of Centerpoint and the temperature portal of the airport and harvests energy interval data and temperature interval data by the structure defined by an address.
The server with processor saves the harvested information in the dynamic energy model that has a database in the non-transitory computer readable medium connected to the administrative processor forming harvested energy interval and temperature interval data.
Using instructions in the dynamic energy model stored in the non-transitory computer readable medium of the administrative server, the processor conditions harvested energy interval and temperature interval data forming conditioned harvested data.
Using templates stored in the dynamic energy model, the processor generates groups of interactive graphs namely a 30 day heat map
The dynamic energy model uses the server with processor to store threshold values of kilowatt degree days inserted by an agent of the school district and the server generates alert reports using those inserted threshold values.
The dynamic energy model provides with server with processor a script for generating energy metrics for each structure defined by an address, such ALC West 19350 Rebel Yell Dr, Houston, Tex. 77019.
The server uses a dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data ti performs the steps of: calculating energy metrics for each physical structure defined by an address in the school district for a last day of conditioned harvested data, a last six days of conditioned harvested data, and a last thirty five days of conditioned harvested data.
The server uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to determine percent changes in energy metrics for each structure defined by an address for: a last day of conditioned harvested data.
The server uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to compare the percent change to stored threshold values and if the percent change does not exceed the stored threshold values automatically generate a daily report 244 and optionally generate an alert report to the client device for each structure defined by an address.
This particular report was an alert report generated by the dynamic energy model because energy metrics values exceeded a preset threshold in the dynamic energy model.
From
As a result of viewing the generated interactive maps with alert report the customer, an energy manager, for the Independent School District, noticed that the equipment at the property was actually left on.
The invention relates to a weather related energy information method that uses an administrative server with a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium that connects to the Internet.
A physical structure defined by an address 199a, such as property management with 1 property in Houston, Tex., requests to have the service and use the dynamic energy model.
The property management will utilize energy portals and temperature portals, such as the Sugar Land Regional Airport weather stations portal and Centerpoint energy portals. Illustrated in
The office building has a smart meter mounted to it and in communication with the Internet.
A computer is connected to the network for viewing at least two interactive graphs namely 170a and 170b, a 30 day kWh heat map in
The server with processor uses the dynamic energy model to crawl through the energy portal of Centerpoint and the temperature portal of the airport and harvests energy interval data and temperature interval data by the structure defined by an address.
The server uses the dynamic energy model to save the harvested information in a dynamic database of the dynamic energy model in the non-transitory computer readable medium connected to the administrative processor forming harvested energy interval and temperature interval data.
Using instruction in the dynamic energy model in the non-transitory computer readable medium of the administrative server, the processor conditions harvested energy interval and temperature interval data forming conditioned harvested data.
Using templates stored in memory and the dynamic energy model, the processor generates groups of interactive graphs.
Overall, the lower energy consumption in blue shows optimal conservation when no units were left on during afterhours or weekends. Except for Sep. 30, 2018 6040 and a couple of more days. These events turn out to be the weekend request for AC.
The server with processor stores threshold values of kilowatt degree days inserted by an agent of the property management ion the dynamic energy model and the server generate alert reports using those inserted threshold values.
The server with processor uses a script in the dynamic energy model for generating energy metrics for each physical structure defined by an address, such as 800 Wilcrest Dr, Houston Tex. 77042.
The server with processor uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to performs the steps of: calculating energy metrics for each structure defined by an address in the property management for a last day of conditioned harvested data, a last six days of conditioned harvested data, and a last thirty five days of conditioned harvested data.
The server with processor uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to determine percent changes in energy metrics for each structure defined by an address for: a last day of conditioned harvested data.
The server with processor uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to compare the percent change to stored threshold values and if the percent change does not exceed the stored threshold values automatically generate a daily report 244 and optionally generate an alert report to the client device for each structure defined by an address.
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As a result of using the method, the client 160, the property manager, for 800 Wilcrest Office Building, noticed that the heating ventilation and air conditioning was on during the weekend. The schedule was reset on the heating ventilation and air conditioning system so that the next Sunday the heating ventilation and air conditioning was not left on.
The invention relates to a weather related energy information system that has an administrative server with a processor and non-transitory computer readable medium that connects to the Internet.
A physical structure defined by an address 199a, such as an Independent School District energy manager with 100 facilities in Houston, Tex., requests to have the weather related energy information system.
The Independent School District will utilize energy portals and temperature portals, such as the IAH George Bush Intercontinental Airport weather stations portal and Centerpoint energy portals. As illustrated in
Each facility has a smart meter mounted to it and in communication with the network.
A computer is connected to the network for viewing at least two interactive graphs namely, a 30 day heat map
The server crawls through the energy portal of Centerpoint and the temperature portal of the airport and harvests energy interval data and temperature interval data by the facility defined by an address.
The server saves the harvested information in a dynamic database in the non-transitory computer readable medium connected to the administrative processor forming harvested energy interval and temperature interval data.
Using instruction in the non-transitory computer readable medium of the administrative server, the processor conditions harvested energy interval and temperature interval data forming conditioned harvested data.
Using templates stored in memory, the processor generates groups of interactive graphs namely a 30 day heat map
The server stores alert threshold values of energy usage in kWh in this case 10%, and energy usage per degree-hour or kWh/DH in this case 10%, inserted by the energy manager and the server generates alert reports using those inserted threshold values.
The server has a script for generating energy metrics for each structure defined by an address 199a, such as Cypress Creek High School at 9815 Grant Rd., Houston 77070.
The server uses a dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data that performs the steps of: calculating energy metrics for each structure defined by an address in the independent school district for a last or more recent day of conditioned harvested data, a last six days of conditioned harvested data, and a last thirty five days of conditioned harvested data.
The server uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to determine percent changes in energy metrics for each structure defined by an address for: a last or more recent day of conditioned harvested data.
The server uses the dynamic energy model stored in non-transitory computer readable medium with the conditioned harvested data to compare the percent change to stored alert threshold values and if the percent change does not exceed the stored alert threshold values automatically generate a daily report 244 and optionally generate an alert report to the client device for each structure defined by an address.
This particular report was an alert report due to the energy metrics from the dynamic energy model exceed the threshold, more specifically a percent change of kWh used compared to the average of the last five weekdays that was 23.35% exceeds the threshold of 10%.
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In another embodiment, buildings are significant consumers of electrical power, and energy expenses are becoming an increasingly costly factor for many organizations. To reduce these energy expenses, building energy managers must first understand the power consumption behavior of their buildings before implementing strategies to save energy. Additionally, sudden unexpected changes in power consumption may indicate device failures within critical technical infrastructure.
To meet the above-described challenges, an automated alert report application (application) may be developed to empower energy managers by helping them better understand power consumption behavior of the buildings, and better analyze unexpected changes to the detected power consumption values. This may be accomplished by generating a heat map showing potential spikes in energy consumption, as exemplified by
To achieve the aims above, an automated alert detection system and process implementing conservation models are disclosed. In exemplary embodiment, the application may be implemented by the server 110 with processor of
That is, in an embodiment, server 110 with processor of the weather related energy information system 100 first receives a time series energy consumption data of the energy usage system. As shown by
Next, the server 110 with processor may analyze and pre-process the received data (i.e., the received time-series energy consumption data) using the above-described MSTL technique. The technique involves separating the energy consumption data (i.e., decompose a time series energy consumption) into its individual frequency components (e.g., seasonal and irregular components), which can then be used to identify patterns (i.e., trends) in the building's energy usage over time.
In an example, the server 110 with processor collects time-series data on the building's energy consumption collected (i.e., received), such as the kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity used by the HVAC system within the building. The server 110 with processor then analyzes the collected data using the MSTL method, which separates the data into its individual frequency components. Different frequency components may be used to obtain as much information as possible from the time series consumption data. These frequency components can be separately graphically displayed as a frequency spectrum, in which patterns and trends in the building's energy usage may be identified.
For example, referring to
With each seasonal frequency, a heat map may be constructed, such as that shown by
Additionally, referring back to
Next, the server 110 with processor performs statistical analysis to determine the lowest attainable power consumption by the system of the building. Generally, this is achieved during non-operating hours (i.e., off-hours) of the energy usage system. For example, referring to
After obtaining the target kilowatt-hours (kWh) for non-operating hours established and the schedule hours obtained through the MSTL method, the server 110 with processor creates a conservation model, which may be graphically depicted as shown in
That is, the server 110 with processor gathers all of the weather and time data received and saves the data to an open source library, also called “lightgbm”, and applies the created conservation model to generate the GBM model with the data. The server 110 with processor then applies the generated GBM model to predict the building's kWh consumption based on current weather and time. Thereafter, the server 110 with processor calculates the optimal conservation levels based on the predicted energy usage/consumption by the building, and compares the result to actual consumption (i.e., the times series consumption data). If a deviation between the calculated optimal conservation levels and the actual consumption exceeds a predetermined threshold, the server 110 with processor sends out an alert.
It is noted that the created conservation model may be too aggressive and thus create continuous alerts. To address this issue, a threshold can be defined as the difference between the actual kWh usage, and the trend of the energy use of the building predicted by the GBM Model on a daily basis. That is, an alert can be triggered from one net usage basis. For example, say that actual total energy use is 30 percent more than the conservation model, which is based on calculated target from a conservation perspective (i.e., when the components are turned off). However, the conservation model may have more difficulty identifying efficiency during the operating hours. In order to preserve energy saving opportunities, a daily consumption usage threshold may be targeted. However, the total consumption is compared with that of the conservation model, and an alert is triggered based on the consumption of the actual consumption and the conservation model prediction. Also, this threshold identifies the outliers, or values that fall outside of the normal range, and provide a more accurate representation of energy consumption patterns. Additionally, alerts based on 15-minute interval data can be implemented to address overly aggressive alerts, where electricity consumption is charted on the demand portion. If 15 minute interval consumption deviations can be recognized and alerted, a positive effect on the building can be charted (See
Further, since the GBM Model is used to learn, the conservation model and weather changes are taken into account, new energy and weather data may be provided on a weekly basis. Therefore, the GBM may keep learning and improve the behavior of the energy usage system of the building. This approach allows maximum energy savings by targeting off time, as turning off equipment and systems is the most efficient way to conserve energy.
Referring to
To create the conservation model, the basic energy consumption behavior of the building must first be understood. This may be done by understanding the energy consumption by an energy usage system over time and/or the scheduled setting of the energy usage system of the building. Therefore, at S810 a time series energy consumption data of the energy usage system is received.
Next, at S820-S840, the received data, including the received time-series energy consumption data may be analyzed using the MSTL technique. The technique involves separating the energy consumption data into its individual frequency components, to identify patterns in the building's energy usage over time.
In an example, time-series data on the building's energy consumption may be collected (i.e., received) by the system, such as the kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity used by the HVAC system. The collected data is then analyzed using the MSTL method, which separates the data into its individual frequency components. These frequency components can be graphically displayed as a frequency spectrum, in which patterns and trends in the building's energy usage may be identified.
Next, at S850, statistical analysis may be performed to determine the lowest attainable power consumption by the system of the building. Generally, this is achieved during non-operating hours (i.e., off-hours) of the energy usage system. For example, a box plot analysis may be performed on a monthly basis, where the values set obtained during the first quartile (Q1) may be set as the target value. For a more aggressive approach, the Q1—Minimum value may be targeted, and the average of the values obtained, while also removing any zero values. Furthermore, any actual data value below the established target value may be used as the new target value for energy conservation.
Thereafter, at S860, with the target kilowatt-hours (kWh) for non-operating hours established and the schedule hours obtained through the MSTL method a conservation model is created.
Referring to
That is, at S1210, the conservation model is applied to generate the GBM model. Next, at S1220, the generated GBM model is used to predict the building's kWh consumption based on current weather and time. Thereafter, at S1230, optimal conservation levels (i.e., recommended) are calculated based on the predicted energy usage/consumption by the building. Then, at S1240, the calculated optimal conservation levels are compared to the actual consumption. If a deviation between the calculated optimal conservation levels and the actual consumption exceeds a predetermined threshold, at S1250, an alert is sent out. Here, the user can adjust the threshold and pause alerts for individual properties.
It is noted that the conservation model may be too aggressive and thus create continuous alerts. To address this issue, a threshold can be defined as the difference between the actual kWh usage, and the trend of the energy use of the building predicted by the GBM Model on a daily basis. This threshold would identify outliers, or values that fall outside of the normal range, and provide a more accurate representation of energy consumption patterns. Also, alerts based on 15-minute interval data can be implemented. Further, since the GBM is used to learn, the conservation model and weather changes are taken into account, new energy and weather data may be provided on a weekly basis. Therefore, the GBM may keep learning and improve the behavior of the energy usage system of the building.
While these embodiments have been described with emphasis on the embodiments, it should be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the embodiments might be practiced other than as specifically described herein.
The various embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Moreover, the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit or computer readable medium consisting of parts, or of certain devices and/or a combination of devices. The application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture. Preferably, the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), a memory, and input/output interfaces. The computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code. The various processes and functions described herein may be either part of the microinstruction code or part of the application program, or any combination thereof, which may be executed by a CPU, whether or not such a computer or processor is explicitly shown. In addition, various other peripheral units may be connected to the computer platform such as an additional data storage unit and a printing unit. Furthermore, a non-transitory computer readable medium is any computer readable medium except for a transitory propagating signal.
All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the disclosed embodiment and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the disclosed embodiments, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure.
It should be understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first,” “second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations are generally used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements may be employed there or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner. Also, unless stated otherwise, a set of elements comprises one or more elements.
As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” followed by a listing of items means that any of the listed items can be utilized individually, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be utilized. For example, if a system is described as including “at least one of A, B, and C,” the system can include A alone; B alone; C alone; 2A; 2B; 2C; 3A; A and B in combination; B and C in combination; A and C in combination; A, B, and C in combination; 2A and C in combination; A, 3B, and 2C in combination; and the like.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/589,398 filed on Nov. 21, 2017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of: (a) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/437,308 filed on Jun. 11, 2019, which is pending; and(b) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/196,738 filed on Nov. 20, 2018, which has been abandoned. All of the applications referenced above are herein incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62589398 | Nov 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16196738 | Nov 2018 | US |
| Child | 16437308 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16437308 | Jun 2019 | US |
| Child | 18301970 | US |
