Patent Grant
8395331
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to light-emitting diodes (LED) drivers, or more particularly, to a system and method for preventing automatic dropout in an LED driver if an output current (or voltage) cannot be maintained.
2. Description of Related Art
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be found in many different types of technologies, including flashlights, Christmas lights, and electronic devices. For example, LEDs are commonly used as backlights (e.g., edge-lit, array, etc.) for electronic devices having a liquid crystal display (LCD) (e.g., laptop computers, PDAs, cellular telephones, MP3 players, etc.).
When LEDs are used in electronic devices, steps are generally taken to ensure that the LEDs are provided with sufficient power. For example, an LED voltage driver might be used to provide a threshold voltage (e.g., 3.6 volts) to an LED. A problem arises, however, when a battery source for the electronic device is unable to provide the required threshold voltage. This may be due to the battery source being depleted, either as a result of time or the application of a load.
If the output voltage of the LED driver drops too low, it can cause individual LEDs to appear dim or inactive. This is because each LED has its own electrical characteristics. For example, a first LED may draw 20 mA at 3.3 volts, whereas a second LED may draw 15 mA at 3.3 volts. Because current in an LED is directly proportional to an amount of light produced, low voltage can result in an LED backlight having a non-uniform appearance (i.e., certain LEDs appear brighter than others). Also, if the voltage drop is due to a temporary load, then the LEDs may appear as if they are blinking (e.g., dimming when a load is applied, and increasing when the load is removed).
One way of solving this problem is to use a circuit (e.g., a capacitive charge pump, an inductive boost, etc.) to increase voltage. However, such a circuit adds cost to the device, and may require a relatively large package. Thus, in a world where devices are generally smaller and less expensive, many manufactures are reluctant to add such a circuit.
Another way of solving this problem is to monitor the LED voltage driver, and power down the electronic device if the output voltage of the LED voltage driver drops below a threshold voltage (e.g., 3.6 volts). While this ensures that the LED backlight is uniform when it is functional, it results in a shortened battery life (or at least an appearance of a shortened battery life), since the device is powered down after the voltage threshold can no longer be maintained.
Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide a circuit that would prevent an automatic dropout in an LED driver if an output current (or voltage) cannot be maintained. Such a circuit, for example, would allow the device (e.g., portable electronic device, etc.) to continue to run at a reduced and regulated current (or voltage), thereby producing a light source even if an initial output current (or voltage) cannot be maintained.
The present invention provides a system and method for preventing a dropout of a light-emitting diode (LED) current or voltage. Preferred embodiments of the present invention operate in accordance with an electronic circuit configured to convert an input current into a first output current, as set by a controller, and to determine whether the circuit is capable of producing (or maintaining) the first output current. If the circuit is not capable of producing (or maintaining) the first output current, then a second output current is produced. The second output current is set by the controller and is less than the first output current.
In a first embodiment of the present invention, the circuit includes a current source configured to provide a reference current (Iref), a converter configured to convert the reference current into a reference voltage, a first circuit configured to receive the reference voltage, a second circuit connected to the first circuit, a logic controller connected to the first and second circuits, and at least one LED connected to the second circuit. The first circuit is configured to receive the reference voltage from the converter (or an alternate voltage source), to receive set-point current data from the logic controller, and to use the reference voltage and the set-point current data to produce a threshold voltage (Vthres). The threshold voltage is then provided to the second circuit, where it is converted into an output current, which is drawn through the LED.
The second circuit is further configured to compare the threshold voltage to an output voltage corresponding to the output current, and to provide an output to the logic controller that is indicative of a relationship between the threshold voltage and the output voltage. The logic controller is then configured to use the output to determine whether a dropout has occurred. If a dropout has occurred, then second set-point current data is provided to the first circuit, wherein the second set-point current data corresponds to a second output current that is (preferably) lower than the output current. The second set-point current data is used by the first circuit to produce a second threshold voltage in the same manner as described above, and the second threshold voltage is used to provide a second output current and a second output in the same manner as described above. If the second output indicates that a dropout has occurred, then third set-point current data is provided to the first circuit, and the process is repeated until there is no longer a dropout. By performing this process iteratively, an output current can be identified that is the largest output current that can be produced based on the amount of available power, thereby resulting in the brightest possible LED(s).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first circuit includes a plurality of multipliers, a decoder and a current controlled voltage source, wherein the reference voltage is provided to each multiplier, and the set-point current data is provided to the decoder and used to activate individual ones of the multipliers. Each multiplier is configured to produce an output current, and the current controlled voltage source is configured to convert the output current into an output voltage that is a multiple of the reference voltage. If multiple multipliers are activated, then their cumulative output currents are converted into a cumulative output voltage that is a multiple of the reference voltage.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the second circuit includes a first device (e.g., buffer, amplifier, etc.), a comparator, and a voltage controlled current source, wherein the first device is configured to receive the threshold voltage and to produce an output voltage, wherein the output voltage is either substantially equal or greater than the threshold voltage. The output voltage is then provided to the comparator and the voltage controlled current source. The voltage controlled current source is configured to convert the output voltage into an output current (Iload), which is drawn through the LED. By producing an output current, as opposed to an output voltage, multiple LEDs having different voltage characteristics can be driven to produce outputs (La, lights) that are substantially similar (e.g., substantially uniform in brightness). The comparator is configured to receive the output voltage and the threshold voltage and to produce an output that is indicative of a relationship between the threshold voltage and the output voltage.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, the electronic circuit includes a plurality of second circuits for driving a plurality of LEDs, wherein each second circuit provides an output to the logic device that is indicative of a relationship between the threshold voltage and an output voltage corresponding to the output current. The logic controller is configured to determine (via the plurality of outputs) whether there has been a dropout in any of the second circuits. If there has, set-point current data (e.g., second set-point current data, etc.) is provided to the first circuit, thereby lowering the output current produced by each of the second circuits. This is done to maintain uniformity in the plurality of LEDs.
In a third embodiment of the present invention, each second circuit is configured to produce an output indicative of either a logic zero or a logic one. The outputs are then provided to a logical OR circuit, the output of which is provided to the logic controller and used to determine whether there has been a dropout in any of the second circuits. If there has, then set-point current data (e.g., second set-point current data, etc.) is provided to the first circuit, thereby lowering the output current produced by each one of the second circuits.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method is performed to prevent a dropout of an LED current or voltage. Specifically, set point current data is provided, wherein the set-point current data corresponds to a particular output current. A reference voltage and the set-point current data are then used to generate a threshold voltage, which is converted into an output current. This can be done, for example, by converting the threshold voltage into an output voltage, and converting the output voltage into the output current. The output current is then drawn through at least one LED. The threshold voltage is then compared to an output voltage that corresponds to the output current. This results in an output that is indicative of a relationship between the threshold voltage and the output voltage. If it is determined (via the output) that there has been a dropout (i.e., that the voltage necessary for generating the output current cannot be produced), then second set-point current data is provided, wherein the second set-point current data corresponds to a second output current that is (preferably) less than the output current. Finally, the second set-point current data is used to generate a second threshold voltage, which is used to generate a second output current. The second output current is then drawn through the at least one LED.
A more complete understanding of a system and method for preventing automatic dropout of an LED current or voltage will be afforded to those skilled in the art, as well as a realization of additional advantages and objects thereof, by a consideration of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment. Reference will be made to the appended sheets of drawings, which will first be described briefly.
a illustrates an electronic circuit for preventing dropout of an LED current or voltage in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, the circuit including at least a logic controller, a first circuit (C1) and a second circuit (C2);
b illustrates an electronic circuit for preventing dropout of an LED current or voltage in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
c illustrates an electronic circuit for preventing dropout of an LED current or voltage in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention;
The present invention provides a system and method for preventing a dropout of a light-emitting diode (LED) current or voltage. In the detailed description that follows, like element numerals are used to describe like elements illustrated in one or more figures.
In a first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
As shown in
An exemplary first circuit 114 is shown in
It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention is not limited to the circuit illustrated in
Referring back to
An exemplary second circuit 116 is shown in
The voltage controlled current source 136 is configured to convert the output voltage (as provided by the first device) into an output current (Iload), which is drawn through the LED 120. By producing an output current, as opposed to an output voltage, multiple LEDs having different voltage characteristics can be driven to produce lights that are substantially similar, or substantially uniform in brightness.
The comparator 134 is configured to receive the output voltage (as provided by the first device) and the threshold voltage (Vthres) and to produce an output that is indicative of a relationship between the threshold voltage and the output voltage. For example, the comparator 134 may be configured to produce a particular voltage (e.g., 3.3 volts, etc.) indicative of a logic one or zero if the output voltage is less than the threshold voltage. By way of another example, the comparator 134 may comprises an error amplifier, and be configured to produce a differential between the output voltage and the threshold voltage.
It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention is not limited to the circuit illustrated in
Referring back to
If a dropout is detected, the logic controller 130 may be configured to provide second set-point current data to the first circuit 114 via line 136, wherein the second set-point current data corresponds to a current that is lower than the output current, as set by the (first) set-point current data. The second set-point current data is used by the first circuit 114 to produce a second threshold voltage in the same manner as described above, and the second threshold voltage is used to provide a second output current and a second output in the same manner as described above. If the second output indicates that a dropout has occurred, then third set-point current data can be provided to the first circuit 114, and the process can be repeated until a dropout is no longer detected.
For example, assume that first set-point current data corresponds to an output current of 20 mA, second set-point current data corresponds to an output current of 19 mA, third set-point current data corresponds to an output current of 18 mA, and so on. If the first set-point current data is provided to the first circuit 114, then the second circuit 116 will attempt to produce an output current of 20 mA. If an output from the second circuit 116 indicates that the second circuit 116 is not capable of producing an output current of 20 mA, then the second set-point current data will be provided to the first circuit 114, and the second circuit 116 will attempt to produce an output current of 19 mA. If a second output from the second circuit 116 indicates that the second circuit 116 is not capable of producing an output current of 19 mA, then the third set-point current data will be provided to the first circuit 114, and the second circuit will attempt to produce an output current of 18 mA. This continues until the second circuit 116 is capable of producing an output current, as set by the set-point current data. By performing this process iteratively, an output current can be identified that is the largest output current that can be produced, based on the amount of power available from the battery source, thereby resulting in the brightest possible LED, or the brightest possible LEDs.
It should be appreciated that if the output current drops below a predetermined threshold, the logic controller may be configured to deactivate the first and/or second circuits. This can be done by either providing a deactivation signal to the first circuit, providing a deactivation signal to the second circuit, and/or providing set-point current data corresponding to an output current of substantially zero to the first circuit.
As discussed above, the second circuit can be used to driver at least one LED (e.g., one LED, a plurality of LEDs, etc.). However, it may be advantageous to use a plurality of second circuits to drive a plurality of LEDs. For example, as shown in
In
As before, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the circuit shown in
An iterative method for preventing a dropout of an LED current or voltage in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
Referring to
In
In
In
Having thus described several embodiments of a system and method for preventing automatic dropout in an LED current if an output current (or voltage) cannot be maintained, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the system and method have been achieved. It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations, and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. For example, instead of using set-point current data to set an output current, set-point voltage data could be used to set an output voltage. The invention is solely defined by the following claims.
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