Patent Application
20110060801
This disclosure relates to the field of communications systems, and, more particularly, to electronic mail (email) communications systems and related methods.
Electronic mail (email) has become an integral part of business and personal communications. As such, many users have multiple email accounts for work and home use. Moreover, with the increased availability of mobile cellular and wireless local area network (LAN) devices that can send and receive emails, many users wirelessly access emails from mailboxes stored on different email storage servers (e.g., corporate email storage server, Yahoo, Hotmail, AOL, etc.).
Yet, email distribution and synchronization across multiple mailboxes and over wireless networks can be quite challenging, particularly when this is done on a large scale for numerous users. For example, different email accounts may be configured differently and with non-uniform access criteria. Moreover, as emails are received at the wireless communications device, copies of the emails may still be present in the original mailboxes, which can make it difficult for users to keep their email organized.
One particularly advantageous “push” type email distribution and synchronization system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,019 to Mousseau et al., which is assigned to the present Assignee and is hereby incorporated herein by reference. This system pushes user-selected data items from a host system to a user's mobile wireless communications device upon detecting the occurrence of one or more user-defined event triggers. The user may then move (or file) the data items to a particular folder within a folder hierarchy stored in the mobile wireless communications device, or may execute some other system operation on a data item. Software operating at the device and the host system then synchronizes the folder hierarchy of the device with a folder hierarchy of the host system, and any actions executed on the data items at the device are then automatically replicated on the same data items stored at the host system, thus eliminating the need for the user to manually replicate actions at the host system that have been executed at the mobile wireless communications device.
The foregoing system advantageously provides great convenience to users of wireless email communication devices for organizing and managing their email messages. Yet, further convenience and efficiency features may be desired in email distribution and synchronization systems as email usage continues to grow in popularity.
Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from the detailed description which follows when considered in light of the accompanying drawings in which:
Different embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which example embodiments are shown. Many different forms can be set forth and described embodiments should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
A communications system includes a network engine that communicates with the plurality of user subscribed mobile wireless communications devices (also referred to herein as mobile devices) via a communications network and configured to send and receive electronic mail therefrom. A direct access server includes a processor and is operative with the network engine. At least one module is configured to identify a particular mail server during an account integration process and to query the particular mail server using a command that is supported by the particular mail server and returned configuration parameters. A database stores the returned configuration parameters and they are used to subscribe to the particular mail server. In example embodiments disclosed herein, the particular mail server is an IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) server and the command is an IMAP command. However, in other example embodiments, the particular mail server can be any type of mail server, such as an MDaemon, POP (Post Office Protocol or any version of POP such as POP3), Lotus Notes, Microsoft Exchange, Yahoo Mail, or Gmail server and the command is a command that is supported by that type of server. Accordingly, for example, if the particular mail server is a POP server, the command is a POP command.
In another example, the direct access server is configured to poll the particular mail server when it receives a notification from the particular mail server that new electronic mail has arrived. The direct access server is configured to log into the particular mail server when it receives a notification from the particular mail server that electronic mail is waiting to be received from the particular mail server. If the direct access server does not receive any notification, the direct access server is configured to poll the particular mail server only after a predetermined time.
In another example, the direct access server is configured to receive Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server information related to the particular mail server. In another example, any message from handheld (MFH) electronic mail as received and later sent from the network engine will appear to be from the particular mail server when received by a recipient. In yet another example, an application programming interface is associated with a particular mail server and configured to receive user data when information regarding the particular mail server needs to change. The direct access server is configured to change periodically a non-mail job that refreshes information in the database. The direct access server in another example is configured to enable a last updated time stamp. The processor in another example is configured to receive values on every poll or every “n” polls.
A method aspect is also set forth.
Currently when an Internet Service (IS) that is associated with a “push” type mail system polls a mail server for emails, the Internet Service polls the mail server after a predetermined amount of time, such as every fifteen (15) minutes and often finds there is no mail. With each poll, network bandwidth and processing resources are used.
In accordance with a non-limiting example, the system creates a way for the IS to configure notifications for a particular mail server on an automatic basis. IS learns the applicable parameters and moves them into a data table and uses this information to subscribe instantaneously for notifications from the server.
Instead of the IS polling the particular mail server after a predetermined amount of time, such as every 15 minutes, notifications are now sent from the particular mail server to the IS, which polls when it receives a notification from the mail server that new mail has arrived. As a result, IS expends its resources to log into the mail server only when IS, by a notification from the mail server, has assurance that mail is waiting to be retrieved from the particular mail server. If IS does not get a notification, IS will not poll, with the exception of a fall-back of polling after a predetermined amount of time, such as every six hours.
The system provides a method by which a particular mail server can provide the IS with enough information to integrate with IS. After integration of the particular mail server with IS, the mail server and associated device users will be able to receive all IS services, e.g., mailbox polling, MTH (message to handheld), MFH (message from handheld), and various other function that other providers (e.g., Gmail, Yahoo) receive. The system uses a command which shall be referred to herein as the X-RIM command. With the command, a conversation occurs between the IS and the mail server. The mail server provides to IS all of the necessary information required to make a tight integration between IS and the mail server, and thus, establish a subscription for notifications from the mail server to IS.
Additions to the system relate to refreshing the data which the mail server provided to IS through the X-RIM command:
1) Provide an external Application Programming Interface (API) for the mail server to contact IS when information needs to change;
2) Compare values on every poll or every “n” polls with information retrieved from IS;
3) Have IS periodically schedule a non-mail job that refreshes the information in its database; and
4) Extend the X-RIM command to enable a last updated timestamp (similar to the HWM concept for mail).
Organizations using the particular mail server can offer their device users the notification service level, which is an enhanced experience for their users. Thus, a vendor can sell this as a value-added capability to prospective purchasers of their particular mail server.
A primary market is small businesses and the integration between IS and the particular mail servers can position the system as a provider of push email and PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) notifications even to corporate markets, which may not be as open to the expense and overhead of an enterprise server (ES) solution.
The system creates a way to configure notifications for a particular mail server on an automatic basis. The system adds the prevailing applicable parameters into a data table and uses this information to quickly subscribe for notifications from that server. This reduces unnecessary polling and increases functionality to customers by enabling push email and PIM notification. For businesses not large enough to have their own enterprise server, this is an important feature.
The system allows the particular mail server to provide IS with enough information to build an email integration, which leverages the notification and expedited polling. Behavior of the polling, MTH, MFH, and related functions are the same as they are for other providers (e.g., Gmail, Yahoo). An additional command is listed in the server capability line. Upon executing the new command, the server responds with all of the necessary information required to make a tight integration with the server.
New and existing service customers using the particular mail server will gain push and PIM notifications. There is minimal impact to the system beyond increased traffic loads. System behavior for the particular mail server is the same as for other mail providers.
A server indicates that it supports the specialized X-RIM command in the capability results. If it is not listed in the capabilities of the server, then IS will not issue the command. The X-RIM command is only valid after a successful login to the mailbox. There now follows examples of code implementations in accordance with non-limiting examples. An example of a typical IMAP conversation would be:
The fields of the X-RIM command are defined below:
There are no changes to the request that the engine servlet accepts from SOAP to validate the sources. If the engine servlet notices that X-RIM is listed on the capability response for a host, then a request will be made for the X-RIM information. This response will appear as follows:
For sources being verified by the engine servlet that do not support the X-RIM command they will appear as they currently appear from the engine servlet.
The changes in SOAP can be broken down into three parts: 1) source creation changes; 2) subscription changes; and 3) SMTP changes. After the validation results are returned from the engine servlet, SOAP will continue to create a source as it currently does. If the engine servlet returns additional enhanced integration information, SOAP performs additional steps:
1) The “is notifiable” bit in the source settings is set to true; and
2) The enhanced integration information is stored in the database and tied to the srcmbox record.
The following pseudocode describes how the subscription code will retrieve the notification provider information from the enhanced integration table.
Entries in the notification provider table will override the entries on the source. The method described above avoids changing the method signature of the subscription methods and avoids a query to the central database and then to the partition database for 95 to 99 percent of the code flow.
The SMTP host, port and SSL information are used by the DA when it sends a message through the UP on MFH operations. The SrcMbox “get” methods for SMTP information will return the enhanced integration override values instead of the values stored in the srcmbox table. This causes the DA provider object to populate itself with the correct SMTP information without making any code path adjustments.
No new tables or stored procedures will be added to either the central database or the partition databases. The configuration parameters that are obtained from the MDaemon server will be added to the SrcMbox row created as a result of the source integration.
In addition to the fields appended above, two bits will be reserved in the SETTINGS2 column of SrcMbox. These bits are defined as follows:
1) Is Enhanced Integration Enabled—Set to true for any source that is communicating with a mail server that supports the X-RIM method for configuring SMTP values and subscription URL.
2) SMTP Use SSL—Set to true if the SMTP server should default to use SSL. For servers that indicate they support SSL, IS will use SSL communication. For servers that do not indicate they support SSL, the STARTTLS extension defined in RFC 2487 (the disclosure which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety) will be enabled and IS will allow the server to negotiate an encrypted connection if the server supports it.
The following stored procedures are updated to return these new fields or accept the new fields as parameters:
1) sSrcMbox—returns the data values for the new fields; and
2) iSrcMbox—accepts new parameters to write to the table.
AggEngine Servlet Configuration: If set to true, the IMAP implementation will identify and query servers that support the X-RIM capability. Default is true.
SOAP Servlet Configuration: If set to true, SOAP will attempt to look at the SrcMbox record for a subscribe URL if one cannot be found in the notification provider table. Default is false.
AggEngine Servlet and SOAP Servlet can be changed at run time using the servlet management port. There are no changes to existing monitoring points or new monitoring points.
The implementation does not store any enable bits on the source or in the service book. As a result, no data migration is required. Once data refreshing is enabled, sources that currently subscribe to the enhanced integration but are not enabled in IS will be refreshed and reverted to standard IMAP accounts on the next refresh.
Information in the database is kept up-to-date. It is possible to provide an external API for the server to contact the IS when information needs to change, compare values on every poll or every n polls with information retrieved from UP, have the direct access server periodically schedule a non-mail job that refreshes the information in the database, and extend the X-RIM command to enable a last updated timestamp (similar to the HWM concept for mail).
The X-RIM command will result in the particular mail server returning parameters useful for future enhancements such as calendar or PIM sync. The particular mail server is used often by small businesses and now with the new system configures notifications for an particular mail server on an automatic basis. The system learns the applicable parameters into a data table and will use this information to “instantaneously” subscribe for notifications from that server. This has benefits.
When the system polls, it polls the mail server after a predetermined amount of time, such as every 15 minutes, and often finds there is no mail. This is a waste of network bandwidth and processing resources. With notifications, the system only goes when it receives a notification that new mail has arrived. Thus, it will only expand the resources to log into the server when it has assurance that mail is waiting to be retrieved. If it does not get a notification, it will not poll except every after a predetermined amount of time, such as six hours, as a fall-back.
Another benefit is that organizations using the particular mail server can offer their users the notification service level, which is an enhanced experience for their users. Thus, the service can sell this as a value-add capability to prospective purchasers of their product.
Another benefit is to the primary market of small businesses. This can position the system as a provider of “push” email and PIM notifications even to corporate markets, which may not be as open to the expense and overhead of an enterprise server solution.
In the past systems, IS has no way to get the required information from the mail server installations (MDaemon) and that data is not known cannot be gathered ahead of time. The system makes changes in IS (to the IMAP code, and other functions as necessary) to automatically detect that a server supports this additional data, and to gather and use that data automatically, including data such as subscription URL, smtp server info, syncapp information, and similar items. Currently this type of data must all be known prior to any such partner integration and manually entered in the IS database. A benefit is auto-discovery of required configuration data.
IS identifies a particular mail server since the new IMAP command will be supported only by those servers. IS captures the parameters to use in a subscription request. IS uses the configuration parameters from the mail server to submit a subscribe-to-notifications request. IS uses the configuration parameters to configure the SMTP server for messages the user sends from the device rather than using the IS default SMTP servers. An initial implementation does not include notification to IS of changes to metadata information for a message that has already been delivered to the device, but it could in another embodiment.
In the past systems when the system sets up an ISP for notifications, it manually pre-configures a database with various parameters. The system gets this information in advance from the ISP. This has been accomplished for a relatively small number of such partners. There are currently around 10-12 ISP's that have set up in this manner.
In the new system as described, it identifies a particular mail server during the capabilities exchange after connecting to the mail server. For IMAP servers identified as the particular mail server installations, the system issues the custom IMAP command (X-RIM). The server returns the necessary configuration parameters, which are automatically added to a database and used to subscribe to the server.
The system will white-list IS servers so that the custom IMAP command will be exposed to IS during capability exchange, but will not expose the command to servers from other IP ranges. The system will not negatively impact the user integration experience, nor will it negatively impact other IMAP mail or PIM providers. If a user has already integrated a source, the user deletes the integration and reintegrates in order to receive notifications through this feature.
IS attempts to identify whether an IMAP server is the particular mail server (an MDaemon server in one example) during the account integration process. When IS identifies a particular mail server, IS queries the server for configuration parameters. IS uses data returned in the configuration parameters to set up the account integration with the mail server. If the “subscribeurl” is returned with the configuration parameters, IS uses this information to submit a “subscription for notifications” request to the particular mail server. If sufficient SMTP server information is returned with the configuration parameters, IS uses this information for MFH messages for the account being integrated.
If sufficient data is received to implement part of this functionality, but not to implement the entire functionality for a given integration attempt, IS implements as much as possible of the functionality based on the data received with the configuration parameters. If, for instance, the subscribeurl is received but insufficient SMTP server information is supplied, IS submits the subscription request. Each piece of functionality is viewed as implementable separately from the others, rather than as “all or nothing.”
If an error condition prevents any part of the functionality from being fully implemented, IS sets up that portion of the account integration as it normally would in the case of a non-server installation. For instance, if the query for configuration parameters fails, or if the data returned is lacking required information for some piece of the functionality, IS does not interrupt the account integration process or return error messages. That portion of the functionality is set up as it would for a generic IMAP server: polling rather than notifications, uses the default IS SMTP server for MFH and other functions.
IS allows an IS administrator to turn off the functionality without having to restart a component. It is possible to turn off two distinct parts of this functionality separately: discovery of the configuration and the subscribe/unsubscribe functionality.
IS supports the ability to deploy the individual features in this work package in the OFF state by plan. IS supports the ability to turn the individual features in this work package on or off by plan. IS supports rollback of this feature from the deployed release to the previous release. In case of a rollback, IS effects the rollback in such a way that the system is not negatively affected in performance or other measures. In case of a rollback, IS effects the rollback in such a way that the user experience is not significantly degraded from what it was before the new system was launched. IS supports back-out of this feature from the deployed release to the previous release.
Basic components of the Direct Access email system 20 to which the new system as described can be applied are shown in
The mail store 30 is a MIME message store that resides on a central storage system to provide support for more/forward/reply and attachment viewing features. The attachment server 32 provides service for documents/attachment conversion requests from workers.
The symbol “dir” that is attached to a line illustrates that a directory lookup has been made to determine the service instance to call, for example, which the DA proxy can retrieve an email for a particular pin/servicebook. The symbol “r” attached to a component illustrates that it registers itself with a directory of PDS. The triangular attachment on the WAP and HTML components illustrates that it is a client of a Resource Deployment Service.
The Relay 34 with the Wireless Communications Network 36, such as a cellular network or WLAN and cooperates with a Port Agent 26 using GUID. The Network 36 communicates with one or more wireless communications devices 38, such as portable wireless communications devices.
The mobile office platform 40 has different components and includes the partition 41. The DA proxy (DA) 42 includes service through which integrated source messages are delivered to or retrieved from by the worker 24. It is responsible for polling sources such as mailboxes, processing source notifications and retrieval and update of source messages via the universal proxy 44. The universal proxy (UP) 44 abstracts access to disparate mail stores into a common protocol. The event server 46 is a lightweight process on a server that receives notifications from external sources (ISPs and SMC) and different user mailboxes and processes them asynchronously without blocking the sender of notifications. The integrated mail sources 48 are email service providers include non-limiting examples such as Yahoo!, Gmail, IMAP, POP, Lotus Notes, and Exchange. In an example embodiment, an integrated mail source is a mail server which is identified as a particular mail server during an account integration process and is queried by the direct access server using a command that is supported by the particular mail server. In response to the query by the direct access server, the direct access server receives from the particular mail server configuration parameters, which are stored in a database and are used to subscribe to the particular mail server. SMTP servers 49 are associated with the email service providers as explained in greater detail below. The engine servlet 50 is a high performance service on the server capable of validating a large number of integrated sources concurrently. This engine 50 is used in a source integration process to validate the access settings to a mailbox. The SOAP 52 is a primary interface to query, update and modify data in the central and partition databases 54, 58. It also implements business logic that triggers other workflows in the system (e.g., send, delete service books). The central database 54 stores system wide data related to sites/carriers, mailbox providers (AOL, Yahoo), service books, devices and user accounts. The partition database 58 is a primary data store for users. It stores data for a fixed set of users. The directory 56 is a system responsible for assigning, locating and distributing users and their associated workloads across service instances. The source assignment manager (SAM) 60 assigns sources to the DA proxy 42 for the purposes of mail detection (polling, subscribing, etc.). The PDS (PWP directory service) 62 is a registry of PWP servers 90 and is responsible for load balancing mail connector (MC) clients across PWP server instances.
Any PWP server 90 and mail connector 92 components are used together to access mailboxes when the system is unable to directly access an external mail source (e.g., source is behind corporate firewall). The Resource Deployment System (RDS) 64 allows the dynamic deployment of new brand and language specific resources.
There are also various UI/web components. The HTML proxy 70 provides an HTML user interface for users to manage their account. The WAP proxy 72 provides a WML and XHTML user interface for users to manage their account. The WEB ADMIN and ADMIN 74 proxy provides an HTML user interface for carriers to perform administrative functions on their customer accounts. A desktop client is deployed via a device CD, and allows the user to integrate sources with a native Win32 UI. A device client allows the user to integrate sources using a Java based UI on the device. Provisioning (PRV) 76 can also occur. Also illustrated is the internal SMTP server 77 operative with a database table 78 and associated with the MOP. A source scheduler 94 and IMAP-Idle connection module (manager) 96 are shown and explained in greater detail later.
The worker provides CMIME conversions. It provides an interface for service books and service to device messaging. It performs data compression and encryption. It acts as broker for all message from handheld (MFH) operations. The port agent sits between worker and relay. It balances load across many SRP connections. It routes MFH to correct worker. It provides GME encoding/decoding. It performs data compression and encryption. The attachment server provides document conversion for attachment viewing. The mail store provides storage for hosted email address. It serves as a cache for integrated mailboxes. It utilizes storage area network (SAN) for high throughput. Per mailbox indexes to limit lock contention. It compression configurable to lower network traffic and load on the SAN.
The directory acts as cache for Central DB to reduce load. It provides user directory/location information for user to worker and user to BDA proxy. Look-up is available by hosted email address or PIN. It exposes the LDAP interface for MTA integration. The SAM ensures all sources in its partition are being serviced properly. It loads all sources on start-up and works with directory to initiate polling in the proper BDA proxy. It responds to directory up/down events to reduce reassignment of users. It periodically queries partition DB to identify new/modified sources as a failsafe.
The DA proxy manages polling queue and scheduling. It manages subscriptions for notification based sources. It manages permanent connections to sources supporting IMAP idle. It provides the worker with access to user data and service book state/configuration. It handles message from handheld requests for sending mail, delete and mark read/unread.
The universal proxy provides access to integrated sources via a single common protocol. It supports POP, IMAP, mail connector, Hotmail and Outlook web access. The PWP server provides access to the user's exchange or notes mailbox via mail connector. It acts as rendezvous point between universal proxy and mail connector and proxies HTTP communication with the mail connector. It provides load balancing of sources across PWP server instances. The event server handles HTTP notifications of new mail, etc. from external systems.
The SOAP server minimizes the number of connections to the databases. It provides abstraction to physical location (Central vs Partition) and a schema of data. It implements business logic for notifying components of data changes which can trigger other workflows such as: PIN changes (tell BDA, PDS); Account creation welcome message via BDA; Integrated source add sends service book via BDA; Subscription requests; and similar items. It provides APIs to enable integration with external systems. It implements guessing logic via database rules and engine servlet to allow learning and/or generation of configuration conventions and parameters.
The RDS (Resource Deployment Service) allows new resources to be deployed without shutting down the system: new language bundles, template changes, images, and other items (anything stored on the file system). It allows a package to be created and tested in a test environment and then pushed without change to production.
The WAP proxy is a WML based interface. The HTML proxy is the HTML based interface for desktop based browser access. The REST proxy is the API (XML) based access to support device based client. Significant usability improvements over WML based interface. This is launched as part of the set up wizard. It supports version change detection and OTA upgrades.
The central database contains system wide data and global directory of accounts; site/carrier configuration; mailbox providers (configured and learned); service books; and device information. The partition databases have user account detail, integrated mailbox information, unique message ID's, and map to ID on the device. Some performance related global data is replicated here. Source to service book mappings are stored.
The worker/port agent provides user affinity to an instance of a worker, reduces request rates to DA proxies by caching user data efficiently in the worker, removes the need for the supervisor component, simplifies message flow and reduces request rates to the DA by pushing messages directly to a worker rather than the existing DA->Supervisor->Worker->DA->Worker model, simplifies and removes race conditions in the existing retry mechanisms, removes Cyrus mail stores and the existing MTA's from the system and replaces them with significantly more efficient alternatives, and reduces load on DA proxies by routing hosted mail directly through the XE engines.
The directory system improves manageability and decreases the complexity of the system by reducing the number of moving parts, eliminates scaling bottlenecks by allowing the directory to scale well past 10 million users in a horizontal fashion while still maintaining the ability to support a large number of users on a single instance, and makes user affinity to a worker possible.
The polling moves Queue management and polling logic from the database/aggcron to the DA Proxy. It reduces scaling bottlenecks and improves vertical scalability in the partition database by significantly reducing contention on the srcmbox table. It improves polling performance by avoiding any potential contention on the srcmbox table via the use of in memory queues. Simplifies and reduces messages flows in the system by eliminating the need for the DA proxy to be told when it is time to poll. It improves vertical scalability of the partition database by reducing the overall query load on the partition databases. It improves user response times by reducing contention and the overall query load on the partition databases. It greatly reduces the fragile nature of the queuing model by eliminating race conditions in that design. It reduces network bandwith by removing the ‘double’ poll design. It eliminates the ‘mailbox locked’ problem caused by the ‘double’ poll design.
Further steps include polling the particular mail server when it receives a notification from the particular mail server that new electronic mail has arrived and logging into the particular mail server when it receives a notification from the particular mail server that electronic mail is waiting to be received from the particular mail server. This polling can occur after a predetermined period of time if the direct access server does not receive any notifications. In another example, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server information relating to the particular mail server is received. In another example, a message from handheld (MFH) is received for the electronic mail that appears to be from the particular mail server when received by a recipient. In another example, a non-mail job is scheduled periodically and refreshes information in the database. It can enable a last updated time stamp.
There now follows a description relative to
The embodiments described herein generally relate to a mobile wireless communication device, also referred to as a mobile device, which can be configured according to an IT policy. It should be noted that the term IT policy, in general, refers to a collection of IT policy rules, in which the IT policy rules can be defined as being either grouped or non-grouped and global or per-user. The terms grouped, non-grouped, global and per-user are defined further below. Examples of applicable communication devices include pagers, cellular phones, cellular smart-phones, wireless organizers, personal digital assistants, computers, laptops, handheld wireless communication devices, wirelessly enabled notebook computers and the like.
The mobile device is a two-way communication device with advanced data communication capabilities including the capability to communicate with other mobile devices or computer systems through a network of transceiver stations. The mobile device may also have the capability to allow voice communication. Depending on the functionality provided by the mobile device, it may be referred to as a data messaging device, a two-way pager, a cellular telephone with data messaging capabilities, a wireless Internet appliance, or a data communication device (with or without telephony capabilities). To aid the reader in understanding the structure of the mobile device and how it communicates with other devices and host systems, reference will now be made to
Referring first to
Although the wireless network 200 associated with mobile device 100 is a GSM/GPRS wireless network in one example implementation, other wireless networks may also be associated with the mobile device 100 in variant implementations. The different types of wireless networks that may be employed include, for example, data-centric wireless networks, voice-centric wireless networks, and dual-mode networks that can support both voice and data communications over the same physical base stations. Combined dual-mode networks include, but are not limited to, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) or CDMA2000 networks, GSM/GPRS networks (as mentioned above), and future third-generation (3G) networks like EDGE and UMTS. Some other examples of data-centric networks include WiFi 802.11, Mobitex™ and DataTAC™ network communication systems. Examples of other voice-centric data networks include Personal Communication Systems (PCS) networks like GSM and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems.
The main processor 102 also interacts with additional subsystems such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) 106, a flash memory 108, a display 110, an auxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystem 112, a data port 114, a keyboard 116, a speaker 118, a microphone 120, short-range communications 122 and other device subsystems 124.
Some of the subsystems of the mobile device 100 perform communication-related functions, whereas other subsystems may provide “resident” or on-device functions. By way of example, the display 110 and the keyboard 116 may be used for both communication-related functions, such as entering a text message for transmission over the network 200, and device-resident functions such as a calculator or task list.
The mobile device 100 can send and receive communication signals over the wireless network 200 after required network registration or activation procedures have been completed. Network access is associated with a subscriber or user of the mobile device 100. To identify a subscriber, the mobile device 100 requires a SIM/RUIM card 126 (i.e., Subscriber Identity Module or a Removable User Identity Module) to be inserted into a SIM/RUIM interface 128 in order to communicate with a network. The SIM card or RUIM 126 is one type of a conventional “smart card” that can be used to identify a subscriber of the mobile device 100 and to personalize the mobile device 100, among other things. Without the SIM card 126, the mobile device 100 is not fully operational for communication with the wireless network 200. By inserting the SIM card/RUIM 126 into the SIM/RUIM interface 128, a subscriber can access all subscribed services. Services may include: web browsing and messaging such as email, voice mail, Short Message Service (SMS), and Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS). More advanced services may include: point of sale, field service and sales force automation. The SIM card/RUIM 126 includes a processor and memory for storing information. Once the SIM card/RUIM 126 is inserted into the SIM/RUIM interface 128, it is coupled to the main processor 102. In order to identify the subscriber, the SIM card/RUIM 126 can include some user parameters such as an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). An advantage of using the SIM card/RUIM 126 is that a subscriber is not necessarily bound by any single physical mobile device. The SIM card/RUIM 126 may store additional subscriber information for a mobile device as well, including datebook (or calendar) information and recent call information. Alternatively, user identification information can also be programmed into the flash memory 108.
The mobile device 100 is a battery-powered device and includes a battery interface 132 for receiving one or more rechargeable batteries 130. In at least some embodiments, the battery 130 can be a smart battery with an embedded microprocessor. The battery interface 132 is coupled to a regulator (not shown), which assists the battery 130 in providing power V+ to the mobile device 100. Although current technology makes use of a battery, future technologies such as micro fuel cells may provide the power to the mobile device 100.
The mobile device 100 also includes an operating system 134 and software components 136 to 146 which are described in more detail below. The operating system 134 and the software components 136 to 146 that are executed by the main processor 102 are typically stored in a persistent store such as the flash memory 108, which may alternatively be a read-only memory (ROM) or similar storage element (not shown). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that portions of the operating system 134 and the software components 136 to 146, such as specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store such as the RAM 106. Other software components can also be included, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
The subset of software applications 136 that control basic device operations, including data and voice communication applications, will normally be installed on the mobile device 100 during its manufacture. Other software applications include a message application 138 that can be any suitable software program that allows a user of the mobile device 100 to send and receive electronic messages. Various alternatives exist for the message application 138 as is well known to those skilled in the art. Messages that have been sent or received by the user are typically stored in the flash memory 108 of the mobile device 100 or some other suitable storage element in the mobile device 100. In at least some embodiments, some of the sent and received messages may be stored remotely from the device 100 such as in a data store of an associated host system that the mobile device 100 communicates with.
The software applications can further include a device state module 140, a Personal Information Manager (PIM) 142, and other suitable modules (not shown). The device state module 140 provides persistence, i.e., the device state module 140 ensures that important device data is stored in persistent memory, such as the flash memory 108, so that the data is not lost when the mobile device 100 is turned off or loses power.
The PIM 142 includes functionality for organizing and managing data items of interest to the user, such as, but not limited to, email, contacts, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. A PIM application has the ability to send and receive data items via the wireless network 200. PIM data items may be seamlessly integrated, synchronized, and updated via the wireless network 200 with the mobile device subscriber's corresponding data items stored and/or associated with a host computer system. This functionality creates a mirrored host computer on the mobile device 100 with respect to such items. This can be particularly advantageous when the host computer system is the mobile device subscriber's office computer system.
The mobile device 100 also includes a connect module 144, and an IT policy module 146. The connect module 144 implements the communication protocols that are required for the mobile device 100 to communicate with the wireless infrastructure and any host system, such as an enterprise system, that the mobile device 100 is authorized to interface with. Examples of a wireless infrastructure and an enterprise system are given in
The connect module 144 includes a set of APIs that can be integrated with the mobile device 100 to allow the mobile device 100 to use any number of services associated with the enterprise system. The connect module 144 allows the mobile device 100 to establish an end-to-end secure, authenticated communication pipe with the host system. A subset of applications for which access is provided by the connect module 144 can be used to pass IT policy commands from the host system to the mobile device 100. This can be done in a wireless or wired manner. These instructions can then be passed to the IT policy module 146 to modify the configuration of the device 100. Alternatively, in some cases, the IT policy update can also be done over a wired connection.
The IT policy module 146 receives IT policy data that encodes the IT policy. The IT policy module 146 then ensures that the IT policy data is authenticated by the mobile device 100. The IT policy data can then be stored in the flash memory 106 in its native form. After the IT policy data is stored, a global notification can be sent by the IT policy module 146 to all of the applications residing on the mobile device 100. Applications for which the IT policy may be applicable then respond by reading the IT policy data to look for IT policy rules that are applicable.
The IT policy module 146 can include a parser (not shown), which can be used by the applications to read the IT policy rules. In some cases, another module or application can provide the parser. Grouped IT policy rules, described in more detail below, are retrieved as byte streams, which are then sent (recursively, in a sense) into the parser to determine the values of each IT policy rule defined within the grouped IT policy rule. In at least some embodiments, the IT policy module 146 can determine which applications are affected by the IT policy data and send a notification to only those applications. In either of these cases, for applications that aren't running at the time of the notification, the applications can call the parser or the IT policy module 146 when they are executed to determine if there are any relevant IT policy rules in the newly received IT policy data.
All applications that support rules in the IT Policy are coded to know the type of data to expect. For example, the value that is set for the “WEP User Name” IT policy rule is known to be a string; therefore the value in the IT policy data that corresponds to this rule is interpreted as a string. As another example, the setting for the “Set Maximum Password Attempts” IT policy rule is known to be an integer, and therefore the value in the IT policy data that corresponds to this rule is interpreted as such.
After the IT policy rules have been applied to the applicable applications or configuration files, the IT policy module 146 sends an acknowledgement back to the host system to indicate that the IT policy data was received and successfully applied.
Other types of software applications can also be installed on the mobile device 100. These software applications can be third party applications, which are added after the manufacture of the mobile device 100. Examples of third party applications include games, calculators, utilities, etc.
The additional applications can be loaded onto the mobile device 100 through at least one of the wireless network 200, the auxiliary I/O subsystem 112, the data port 114, the short-range communications subsystem 122, or any other suitable device subsystem 124. This flexibility in application installation increases the functionality of the mobile device 100 and may provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-related functions, or both. For example, secure communication applications may enable electronic commerce functions and other such financial transactions to be performed using the mobile device 100.
The data port 114 enables a subscriber to set preferences through an external device or software application and extends the capabilities of the mobile device 100 by providing for information or software downloads to the mobile device 100 other than through a wireless communication network. The alternate download path may, for example, be used to load an encryption key onto the mobile device 100 through a direct and thus reliable and trusted connection to provide secure device communication.
The data port 114 can be any suitable port that enables data communication between the mobile device 100 and another computing device. The data port 114 can be a serial or a parallel port. In some instances, the data port 114 can be a USB port that includes data lines for data transfer and a supply line that can provide a charging current to charge the battery 130 of the mobile device 100.
The short-range communications subsystem 122 provides for communication between the mobile device 100 and different systems or devices, without the use of the wireless network 200. For example, the subsystem 122 may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components for short-range communication. Examples of short-range communication standards include standards developed by the Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Bluetooth, and the 802.11 family of standards developed by IEEE.
In use, a received signal such as a text message, an email message, or web page download will be processed by the communication subsystem 104 and input to the main processor 102. The main processor 102 will then process the received signal for output to the display 110 or alternatively to the auxiliary I/O subsystem 112. A subscriber may also compose data items, such as email messages, for example, using the keyboard 116 in conjunction with the display 110 and possibly the auxiliary I/O subsystem 112. The auxiliary subsystem 112 may include devices such as: a touch screen, mouse, track ball, infrared fingerprint detector, or a roller wheel with dynamic button pressing capability. The keyboard 116 is preferably an alphanumeric keyboard and/or telephone-type keypad. However, other types of keyboards may also be used. A composed item may be transmitted over the wireless network 200 through the communication subsystem 104.
For voice communications, the overall operation of the mobile device 100 is substantially similar, except that the received signals are output to the speaker 118, and signals for transmission are generated by the microphone 120. Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, can also be implemented on the mobile device 100. Although voice or audio signal output is accomplished primarily through the speaker 118, the display 110 can also be used to provide additional information such as the identity of a calling party, duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information.
Referring now to
Signals received by the antenna 154 through the wireless network 200 are input to the receiver 150, which may perform such common receiver functions as signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. A/D conversion of a received signal allows more complex communication functions such as demodulation and decoding to be performed in the DSP 160. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted are processed, including modulation and encoding, by the DSP 160. These DSP-processed signals are input to the transmitter 152 for digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission over the wireless network 200 via the antenna 156. The DSP 160 not only processes communication signals, but also provides for receiver and transmitter control. For example, the gains applied to communication signals in the receiver 150 and the transmitter 152 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the DSP 160.
The wireless link between the mobile device 100 and the wireless network 200 can contain one or more different channels, typically different RF channels, and associated protocols used between the mobile device 100 and the wireless network 200. An RF channel is a limited resource that must be conserved, typically due to limits in overall bandwidth and limited battery power of the mobile device 100.
When the mobile device 100 is fully operational, the transmitter 152 is typically keyed or turned on only when it is transmitting to the wireless network 200 and is otherwise turned off to conserve resources. Similarly, the receiver 150 is periodically turned off to conserve power until it is needed to receive signals or information (if at all) during designated time periods.
Referring now to
In a GSM network, the MSC 210 is coupled to the BSC 204 and to a landline network, such as a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 222 to satisfy circuit switched requirements. The connection through the PCU 208, the SGSN 216 and the GGSN 218 to a public or private network (Internet) 224 (also referred to herein generally as a shared network infrastructure) represents the data path for GPRS capable mobile devices. In a GSM network extended with GPRS capabilities, the BSC 204 also contains the Packet Control Unit (PCU) 208 that connects to the SGSN 216 to control segmentation, radio channel allocation and to satisfy packet switched requirements. To track the location of the mobile device 100 and availability for both circuit switched and packet switched management, the HLR 212 is shared between the MSC 210 and the SGSN 216. Access to the VLR 214 is controlled by the MSC 210.
The station 206 is a fixed transceiver station and together with the BSC 204 form fixed transceiver equipment. The fixed transceiver equipment provides wireless network coverage for a particular coverage area commonly referred to as a “cell.” The fixed transceiver equipment transmits communication signals to and receives communication signals from mobile devices within its cell via the station 206. The fixed transceiver equipment normally performs such functions as modulation and possibly encoding and/or encryption of signals to be transmitted to the mobile device 100 in accordance with particular, usually predetermined, communication protocols and parameters, under control of its controller. The fixed transceiver equipment similarly demodulates and possibly decodes and decrypts, if necessary, any communication signals received from the mobile device 100 within its cell. Communication protocols and parameters may vary between different nodes. For example, one node may employ a different modulation scheme and operate at different frequencies than other nodes.
For all mobile devices 100 registered with a specific network, permanent configuration data such as a user profile is stored in the HLR 212. The HLR 212 also contains location information for each registered mobile device and can be queried to determine the current location of a mobile device. The MSC 210 is responsible for a group of location areas and stores the data of the mobile devices currently in its area of responsibility in the VLR 214. Further, the VLR 214 also contains information on mobile devices that are visiting other networks. The information in the VLR 214 includes part of the permanent mobile device data transmitted from the HLR 212 to the VLR 214 for faster access. By moving additional information from a remote HLR 212 node to the VLR 214, the amount of traffic between these nodes can be reduced so that voice and data services can be provided with faster response times and at the same time requiring less use of computing resources.
The SGSN 216 and the GGSN 218 are elements added for GPRS support, namely packet switched data support, within GSM. The SGSN 216 and the MSC 210 have similar responsibilities within the wireless network 200 by keeping track of the location of each mobile device 100. The SGSN 216 also performs security functions and access control for data traffic on the wireless network 200. The GGSN 218 provides internetworking connections with external packet switched networks and connects to one or more SGSN's 216 via an Internet Protocol (IP) backbone network operated within the network 200. During normal operations, a given mobile device 100 must perform a “GPRS Attach” to acquire an IP address and to access data services. This requirement is not present in circuit switched voice channels as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) addresses are used for routing incoming and outgoing calls. Currently, all GPRS capable networks use private, dynamically assigned IP addresses, thus requiring the DHCP server 220 connected to the GGSN 218. There are many mechanisms for dynamic IP assignment, including using a combination of a Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server and a DHCP server. Once the GPRS Attach is complete, a logical connection is established from a mobile device 100, through the PCU 208, and the SGSN 216 to an Access Point Node (APN) within the GGSN 218. The APN represents a logical end of an IP tunnel that can either access direct Internet compatible services or private network connections. The APN also represents a security mechanism for the network 200, insofar as each mobile device 100 must be assigned to one or more APNs and mobile devices 100 cannot exchange data without first performing a GPRS Attach to an APN that it has been authorized to use. The APN may be considered to be similar to an Internet domain name such as “myconnection.wireless.com”.
Once the GPRS Attach operation is complete, a tunnel is created and all traffic is exchanged within standard IP packets using any protocol that can be supported in IP packets. This includes tunneling methods such as IP over IP as in the case with some IPSecurity (IPsec) connections used with Virtual Private Networks (VPN). These tunnels are also referred to as Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Contexts and there are a limited number of these available in the network 200. To maximize use of the PDP Contexts, the network 200 will run an idle timer for each PDP Context to determine if there is a lack of activity. When a mobile device 100 is not using its PDP Context, the PDP Context can be de-allocated and the IP address returned to the IP address pool managed by the DHCP server 220.
Referring now to
The host system 250 includes a number of network components connected to each other by a network 260. For instance, a user's desktop computer 262a with an accompanying cradle 264 for the user's mobile device 100 is situated on a LAN connection. The cradle 264 for the mobile device 100 can be coupled to the computer 262a by a serial or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection, for example. Other user computers 262b-262n are also situated on the network 260, and each may or may not be equipped with an accompanying cradle 264. The cradle 264 facilitates the loading of information (e.g., PIM data, private symmetric encryption keys to facilitate secure communications) from the user computer 262a to the mobile device 100, and may be particularly useful for bulk information updates often performed in initializing the mobile device 100 for use. The information downloaded to the mobile device 100 may include certificates used in the exchange of messages.
It will be understood by persons skilled in the art that the user computers 262a-262n will typically also be connected to other peripheral devices, such as printers, etc. which are not explicitly shown in
To facilitate the operation of the mobile device 100 and the wireless communication of messages and message-related data between the mobile device 100 and components of the host system 250, a number of wireless communication support components 270 can be provided. In some implementations, the wireless communication support components 270 can include a message management server 272, a mobile data server 274, a contact server 276, and a device manager module 278. The device manager module 278 includes an IT Policy editor 280 and an IT user property editor 282, as well as other software components for allowing an IT administrator to configure the mobile devices 100. In an alternative embodiment, there may be one editor that provides the functionality of both the IT policy editor 280 and the IT user property editor 282. The support components 270 also include a data store 284, and an IT policy server 286. The IT policy server 286 includes a processor 288, a network interface 290 and a memory unit 292. The processor 288 controls the operation of the IT policy server 286 and executes functions related to the standardized IT policy as described below. The network interface 290 allows the IT policy server 286 to communicate with the various components of the host system 250 and the mobile devices 100. The memory unit 292 can store functions used in implementing the IT policy as well as related data. Those skilled in the art know how to implement these various components. Other components may also be included as is well known to those skilled in the art. Further, in some implementations, the data store 284 can be part of any one of the servers.
In this example embodiment, the mobile device 100 communicates with the host system 250 through node 202 of the wireless network 200 and a shared network infrastructure 224 such as a service provider network or the public Internet. Access to the host system 250 may be provided through one or more routers (not shown), and computing devices of the host system 250 may operate from behind a firewall or proxy server 266. The proxy server 266 provides a secure node and a wireless Internet gateway for the host system 250. The proxy server 266 intelligently routes data to the correct destination server within the host system 250.
In some implementations, the host system 250 can include a wireless VPN router (not shown) to facilitate data exchange between the host system 250 and the mobile device 100. The wireless VPN router allows a VPN connection to be established directly through a specific wireless network to the mobile device 100. The wireless VPN router can be used with the Internet Protocol (IP) Version 6 (IPV6) and IP-based wireless networks. This protocol can provide enough IP addresses so that each mobile device has a dedicated IP address, making it possible to push information to a mobile device at any time. An advantage of using a wireless VPN router is that it can be an off-the-shelf VPN component, and does not require a separate wireless gateway and separate wireless infrastructure. A VPN connection can preferably be a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/IP connection for delivering the messages directly to the mobile device 100 in this alternative implementation.
Messages intended for a user of the mobile device 100 are initially received by a message server 268 of the host system 250. Such messages may originate from any number of sources. For instance, a message may have been sent by a sender from the computer 262b within the host system 250, from a different mobile device (not shown) connected to the wireless network 200 or a different wireless network, or from a different computing device, or other device capable of sending messages, via the shared network infrastructure 224, possibly through an application service provider (ASP) or Internet service provider (ISP), for example.
The message server 268 typically acts as the primary interface for the exchange of messages, particularly email messages, within the organization and over the shared network infrastructure 224. Each user in the organization that has been set up to send and receive messages is typically associated with a user account managed by the message server 268. Some example implementations of the message server 268 include a Microsoft Exchange™ server, a Lotus Domino™ server, a Novell Groupwise™ server, or another suitable mail server installed in a corporate environment. In some implementations, the host system 250 may include multiple message servers 268. The message server 268 may also be adapted to provide additional functions beyond message management, including the management of data associated with calendars and task lists, for example.
When messages are received by the message server 268, they are typically stored in a data store associated with the message server 268. In at least some embodiments, the data store may be a separate hardware unit, such as data store 284, that the message server 268 communicates with. Messages can be subsequently retrieved and delivered to users by accessing the message server 268. For instance, an email client application operating on a user's computer 262a may request the email messages associated with that user's account stored on the data store associated with the message server 268. These messages are then retrieved from the data store and stored locally on the computer 262a. The data store associated with the message server 268 can store copies of each message that is locally stored on the mobile device 100. Alternatively, the data store associated with the message server 268 can store all of the messages for the user of the mobile device 100 and only a smaller number of messages can be stored on the mobile device 100 to conserve memory. For instance, the most recent messages (i.e., those received in the past two to three months for example) can be stored on the mobile device 100.
When operating the mobile device 100, the user may wish to have email messages retrieved for delivery to the mobile device 100. The message application 138 operating on the mobile device 100 may also request messages associated with the user's account from the message server 268. The message application 138 may be configured (either by the user or by an administrator, possibly in accordance with an organization's information technology (IT) policy) to make this request at the direction of the user, at some pre-defined time interval, or upon the occurrence of some pre-defined event. In some implementations, the mobile device 100 is assigned its own email address, and messages addressed specifically to the mobile device 100 are automatically redirected to the mobile device 100 as they are received by the message server 268.
The message management server 272 can be used to specifically provide support for the management of messages, such as email messages, that are to be handled by mobile devices. Generally, while messages are still stored on the message server 268, the message management server 272 can be used to control when, if, and how messages are sent to the mobile device 100. The message management server 272 also facilitates the handling of messages composed on the mobile device 100, which are sent to the message server 268 for subsequent delivery.
For example, the message management server 272 may monitor the user's “mailbox” (e.g., the message store associated with the user's account on the message server 268) for new email messages, and apply user-definable filters to new messages to determine if and how the messages are relayed to the user's mobile device 100. The message management server 272 may also compress and encrypt new messages (e.g., using an encryption technique such as Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES, or Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)) and push them to the mobile device 100 via the shared network infrastructure 224 and the wireless network 200. The message management server 272 may also receive messages composed on the mobile device 100 (e.g., encrypted using Triple DES), decrypt and decompress the composed messages, re-format the composed messages if desired so that they will appear to have originated from the user's computer 262a, and re-route the composed messages to the message server 268 for delivery.
Certain properties or restrictions associated with messages that are to be sent from and/or received by the mobile device 100 can be defined (e.g., by an administrator in accordance with IT policy) and enforced by the message management server 272. These may include whether the mobile device 100 may receive encrypted and/or signed messages, minimum encryption key sizes, whether outgoing messages must be encrypted and/or signed, and whether copies of all secure messages sent from the mobile device 100 are to be sent to a pre-defined copy address, for example.
The message management server 272 may also be adapted to provide other control functions, such as only pushing certain message information or pre-defined portions (e.g., “blocks”) of a message stored on the message server 268 to the mobile device 100. For example, in some cases, when a message is initially retrieved by the mobile device 100 from the message server 268, the message management server 272 may push only the first part of a message to the mobile device 100, with the part being of a pre-defined size (e.g., 2 KB). The user can then request that more of the message be delivered in similar-sized blocks by the message management server 272 to the mobile device 100, possibly up to a maximum predefined message size. Accordingly, the message management server 272 facilitates better control over the type of data and the amount of data that is communicated to the mobile device 100, and can help to minimize potential waste of bandwidth or other resources.
The mobile data server 274 encompasses any other server that stores information that is relevant to the corporation. The mobile data server 274 may include, but is not limited to, databases, online data document repositories, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, or enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications.
The contact server 276 can provide information for a list of contacts for the user in a similar fashion as the address book on the mobile device 100. Accordingly, for a given contact, the contact server 276 can include the name, phone number, work address and email address of the contact, among other information. The contact server 276 can also provide a global address list that contains the contact information for all of the contacts associated with the host system 250.
It will be understood by persons skilled in the art that the message management server 272, the mobile data server 274, the contact server 276, the device manager module 278, the data store 284 and the IT policy server 286 do not need to be implemented on separate physical servers within the host system 250. For example, some or all of the functions associated with the message management server 272 may be integrated with the message server 268, or some other server in the host system 250. Alternatively, the host system 250 may include multiple message management servers 272, particularly in variant implementations where a large number of mobile devices need to be supported.
Alternatively, in some embodiments, the IT policy server 286 can provide the IT policy editor 280, the IT user property editor 282 and the data store 284. In some cases, the IT policy server 286 can also provide the device manager module 278. The processor 288 of the IT policy server 286 can be used to perform the various steps of a method for providing IT policy data that is customizable on a per-user basis. The processor 288 can execute the editors 280 and 282. In some cases, the functionality of the editors 280 and 282 can be provided by a single editor. In some cases, the memory unit 292 can provide the data store 284.
The device manager module 278 provides an IT administrator with a graphical user interface with which the IT administrator interacts to configure various settings for the mobile devices 100. As mentioned, the IT administrator can use IT policy rules to define behaviors of certain applications on the mobile device 100 that are permitted such as phone, web browser or Instant Messenger use. The IT policy rules can also be used to set specific values for configuration settings that an organization requires on the mobile devices 100 such as auto signature text, WLAN/VoIP/VPN configuration, security requirements (e.g., encryption algorithms, password rules, etc.), specifying themes or applications that are allowed to run on the mobile device 100, and the like.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/241,042, filed Sep. 10, 2009, the disclosure which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61241042 | Sep 2009 | US |
