The present invention relates to an automatic packaging machine for filling a bag made of heat-sealable material with a dose of loose product (i.e. one that does not have any cohesion, any adhesion among the parts that compose it and therefore does not have its own shape, such as a powder product, a grated product or a liquid product).
The present invention is advantageously applied in an automatic packaging machine for filling a bag of heat-sealable material with a dose of a loose food product, to which the following specification will make explicit reference without, for this reason, losing its generality.
The patent applications EP2722282A1 and WO2012136869A1 describe an automatic packaging machine for filling a bag made of heat-sealable material with a dose of a loose food product; this packaging machine comprises a packaging conveyor, which supports a plurality of pick-up heads that are adapted to grip and hold a corresponding bag in order to make the pick-up heads advance along a packaging path (the chain that holds the pick-up heads is wrapped around two or three sprockets to give the packaging path a complex form). The packaging path passes through, in succession, an input station in which a preformed bag, empty, open at the upper end and in a flattened configuration (i.e. with the opposite edges of the upper part in close mutual contact) is coupled to a respective pick-up head, an opening station in which each bag is opened by separating the opposite edges of the upper end, a filling station in which a predetermined dose of food product is fed from above into each bag through the open upper end, a sealing station in which the open upper end of each bag is sealed by executing a heat-sealing, and an output station in which each filled and sealed bag leaves the corresponding pick-up head.
Each pick-up head comprises a pair of clamps which are opposite one another and are designed to grab opposite side ends of a corresponding bag; the two clamps of each pick-up head are movable in order to move closer to and away from each other, and so following the deformation of the bag when the same bag is opened (that is, when the opposite edges of the upper end are separated from each other).
In the filling station, through the open upper end of each bag, a filler device is inserted, which feeds, from above, the predetermined dose of food product; the filler device also comprises one or more nozzles, which inject an inert gas into the bag (typically nitrogen) at the same time as the feeding of the food product to reduce the content of oxygen inside the bag.
In the sealing station, there is a sealing clamp, which squeezes the bag at the open upper end in order to apply pressure and heat and determines locally the melting, and thus the sealing, of the plastic material, which constitutes the bag.
The patent application US2014130460A1 describes an automatic packaging machine to fill a bag of sealable material with a dose of loose food product; this packaging machine comprises a drum that supports a variety of gripping heads, each one being designed to grab and hold a corresponding bag to make the same pick-up heads advance along a packaging path. The packaging path passes through, in succession, an input station in which a preformed bag, empty and open at the upper end is coupled to a respective pick-up head, a filling station in which a predetermined dose of food product is fed, from above, into each bag through the open upper end, a sealing device, in which the open upper end of each bag is sealed by executing a heat-sealing, and an output station in which each filled and sealed bag leaves the corresponding pick-up head.
The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic packaging machine for filling a bag made of a heat-sealable material with a dose of a loose product, and so that this automatic packaging machine makes it possible to improve the performance offered by the automatic packaging machines already known with respect to the quality of the product, the percentage of waste (i.e. of defective products), the amount of space used, and the accessibility for the execution of cleaning, maintenance and size change services.
In accordance with the present invention, an automatic packaging machine for filling a bag made of a heat-sealable material with a dose of a loose product is provided, as claimed in the attached claims.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the annexed drawings, which illustrate an example of a non-limiting embodiment, in which:
In
The packaging machine 3 comprises a packaging conveyor 4 provided with a drum 5 which is arranged horizontally and rotates with a continuous motion (that is, with a law of motion that has a continuous motion instead of alternating pauses and phases of motion) around a vertical rotation axis 6. The packaging conveyor 4 (i.e. the drum 5 of the packaging conveyor 4) supports a plurality of pick-up heads 7, which are arranged around the periphery of the drum 5. Each pick-up head 7 is advanced by the packaging conveyor 4 for feeding along a horizontal (i.e. lying on a horizontal plane) and circular packaging path P1 (illustrated in
As shown in
The packaging machine 3 comprises a stabilizing conveyor 14 (or cooling conveyor 14), that is arranged next to the packaging conveyor 4 at the output station S2 (shown in
As shown more clearly in
It is important to note that, for each pick-up head 7, the sealing device 19 is near but in any case separate from the filling device 18 in such a way that the sealing is performed in a “clean” area, that is, as far as possible, free of product residues that can damage the execution of the sealing if they “dirty” the sealing area.
For each pick-up head 7, the corresponding filling device 18 and the corresponding sealing device 19 are arranged on the packaging conveyor 4, one beside the other and at a certain distance (that is at a determined distance) from each other along a direction D1 of horizontal selection (i.e. one that lies on a horizontal plane), arranged radially (perpendicularly) with respect to the rotation axis 6 and so transversely (perpendicularly) to the packaging path P1. Each pick-up head 7 is mounted movably on the packaging conveyor 4 for transferring along the selection direction D1 between a filling position F (shown in
As shown more clearly in
Each supporting plate 20 also carries the corresponding sealing device 19 through a rigid bracket 22 which is bolted to the supporting plate 20 (that is, it is rigidly connected to the supporting plate 20); consequently, each sealing device 19 is mounted in a fixed position on the drum 5 of the packaging conveyor 4, that is, each sealing device 19 rotates together with the drum 5 and does not make any relative movement with respect to the drum 5 itself.
As shown more clearly in
Each filling device 18 is mounted movably on the ring 23 (so on the drum 5 of the packaging conveyor 4) for transferring between a rest position (higher up and shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the cutting station S3 a cutting device 29 is provided, which separates in succession each bag 1 from the continuous web 13 of preformed bags 1 and provides the bag 1 to a corresponding supplying head 12 of the supplying conveyor 9.
As shown in
As better shown in
According to a possible embodiment, each opening device 33 also comprises one or more nozzles, which are arranged above the corresponding pick-up head 7 (that is, above the corresponding bag 1) and are designed to direct the jets of compressed air directed vertically towards the upper end 2 of the bag to facilitate the mutual separation of the two edges opposite to the upper end 2 itself.
As shown in
As shown in
According to a preferred embodiment, each filling device 18 comprises at least one nozzle, which is arranged at the opening 38 and injects into the bag 1 an inert gas (typically nitrogen) at the same time with the feeding of the product to reduce the content of oxygen inside the bag 1 itself.
As shown in
According to a different embodiment not shown, when the bags 1 are provided with a central screwed-on cap, each sealing device 19 comprises, in addition to the sealing clamp 42, which performs a transverse heat-seal at the upper end 2 of each bag 1, also a further sealing clamp, which performs a transverse heat-seal at the cap; when used, the two sealing clamps of the sealing device 19 operate in succession (that is, first one and then the other) to perform the two transverse heat-seals which are mutually parallel and spaced apart.
According to a preferred embodiment shown in
According to a preferred embodiment shown schematically in
What follows is a description of the functioning of the packaging machine 3 described above with reference to the packaging of a single bag 1 and with reference to what is shown in
Initially, the empty and flattened bag 1 (i.e. with the opposite edges of the upper end 2 in close mutual contact) is an integral part of the continuous web 13 of the preformed bags 1, from which it is separated by a transversal cut by the cutting device 29 arranged in the cutting station S3; immediately after it has been separated from the continuous web 13 of the preformed bags 1, the empty and flattened bag 1 is engaged by a supplying head 12 of the supplying conveyor 9. Subsequently, the supplying conveyor 9 moves the supplying head 12 that carries the empty and flattened bag 1 towards the input station S1 in which the empty and flattened bag 1 is transferred from the supplying head 12 of the supplying conveyor 9 to a pick-up head 7 of the packaging conveyor 4.
In the input station S1, the empty and flattened bag 1 is engaged at the same time by the supplying head 12 of the supplying conveyor 9 (whose suction cups 26 are annexed to a surface of the empty and flattened bag 1), from the two clamps 8 of the pick-up head 7, and also from the opening device 33 (whose suction cups 35 are annexed to a surface of the empty and flattened bag 1 opposite to the surface engaged by the supplying head 12); Starting from this situation, the opening device 33 moves away from the supplying head 12 by sliding (radially) along the selection direction D1 to separate the two opposite edges of the upper end 2 and thus determine the opening of the empty bag 1 (as previously mentioned, the opening of the empty bag 1 is followed by a reciprocal approaching movement of the two clamps 8 of the pick-up head 7). Once completed the opening of the empty bag 1, the supplying head 12 of the supplying conveyor 9 and the opening device 33 detach from the empty and open bag 1 leaving the empty and open bag 1 only to the clamps 8 of the pick-up head 7.
In the input station S1, the pick-up head 7, while it receives the empty and flattened bag 1 from the supplying head 12 of the supplying conveyor 9, is located in the sealing position S.
While the packaging conveyor 4 advances the empty and open bag 1 carried by the pick-up head 7 along the packaging path P1, the pick-up head 7 slides radially along the selection direction D1 to move the empty and open bag 1 into the filling position F (i.e. below the filling device 18). Therefore, the filling device 18 moves downward along the working direction D2 (from the rest position to the working position) to insert the opening 38 itself into the open upper end 2, and so perform the insertion of the dose of the product into the empty and open bag 1. At the end of the filling of the bag 1, the filling device 18 moves upwards along the working direction D2 (from the working position to the rest position) to release the full and open bag 1; therefore, the pick-up head 7 slides radially along the selection direction D1 to move the full and open bag 1 to the sealing position S (i.e. below the sealing device 19), always while the packaging conveyor 4 moves the full and open bag 1 carried from the pick-up head 7 along the packing path P1.
At this point, the sealing device 19 moves from the rest position to the working position (in which the sealing clamp 42 engages the upper end 2 of the bag 1 carried from the pick-up head 7) for executing the heat-sealing of the upper end 2, always while the packaging conveyor 4 advances the bag 1 carried by the pick-up head 7 along the packaging path P1. At the end of the heat-sealing of the bag 1, the sealing device 19 moves from the working position to the rest position and when the pick-up head 7 carrying the full and sealed bag 1 arrives in the output station S2 the full and sealed bag 1 is transferred from the pick-up head 7 of the packaging conveyor 4 to a stabilizing head 17 of the of the stabilizing conveyor 14. As previously said, if the full and sealed bag 1 has been identified as defective, then in the output station S2 the stabilizing head 17 does not close to grab the full and sealed bag 1, and so the full and sealed bag 1 itself falls through gravity towards the waste chute 49.
According to a possible not shown embodiment, the packaging machine 3 comprises a plurality of feeder devices, each of which is supported by the drum 5 of the packaging conveyor 4 (so mounted movable along the packaging path P1), is coupled to a corresponding pick-up head 7 and designed to put a cap on a bag 1 carried by the corresponding pick-up head 7 itself.
From the above description, it is evident that each pick-up head 7 of the conveyor 4 has an associated group of operative members interacting with the pick-up head 7 (or rather with the bag 1 carried by the pick-up head 7). The group of operational members associated with each pick-up head 7 comprises the corresponding filling device 18, the corresponding sealing device 19, the corresponding feeder device, if present, and, in general, any other element that works in conjunction with the pick-up head 7 and only with the pick-up head 7. In other words, the group of operative members associated with each pick-up head 7 comprises all and only the operative members (filling device 18, sealing device 19, possible feeder device . . . ) that cooperate with the pick-up head 7 and only with the pick-up head 7 itself (that is, not with the other pick-up heads 7).
According to a possible embodiment, the packaging machine 3 implements a control mode that is to detect the proper functioning of each pick-up head 7 and/or all operative members associated therewith, so as to identify a failing pick-up head 7; in other words, a pick-up head 7 is identified as failing when a problem is detected (i.e., a malfunction) directly in the pick-up head 7 or indirectly in one of the operative members associated with the pick-up head 7. Therefore, a pick-up head 7 is identified as failing when the pick-up head 7 cannot assure the proper performance of all operations over a bag 1 (because there is a problem in the pick-up head 7 or because there is a problem in one of the operative members associated therewith).
In the absence of failing pick-up heads 7, that is, under normal conditions, all the pick-up heads 7 are used to fill the bags 1, with a corresponding bag 1 being always fed to each pick-up head 7 in the input station S1 and running, for all the pick-up heads 7 all the filling and sealing operations described above.
When a failing pick-up head 7 is removed (due to a problem directly in the pick-up head 7 or a problem in one of the operative members associated therewith), it is possible to stop the packaging machine 3, by completely interrupting the packaging of the bags 1 and remaining waiting for a technical intervention (cleaning, maintenance, repair, replacement . . . ). This option is certainly simple, but by contrast reduces significantly the long-term productivity of the packaging machine 3, or the number of bags 1 properly packaged in a long period of time (e.g., a work shift conventionally of 8 hours, a working day, a working week, a working month, a working year . . . ) especially when the malfunction is trivial and relatively frequent (such as a simple blockage in one filling device 18).
Alternatively, when a failing pick-up head 7 is removed (due to a problem directly in the pick-up head 7 or a problem in one of the operative members associated therewith) it is possible to keep the packaging machine 3 operative, using only the pick-up heads 7 functioning properly for filling the bags 1 (that is, avoiding the use of only the failing pick-up head 7). From a practical point of view, this is accomplished by feeding each properly functioning pick-up head 7 a corresponding empty bag 1 in the input station S1, avoiding the feeding of the failing pick-up head 7 a corresponding empty bag 1 in the input station S1, and avoiding the operation of at least the filling device 18 associated with the failing pick-up head 7. In other words, when the failing pick-up head 7 is located in the input station S1, it does not receive an empty bag 1 and the filling device 18 that is associated with the failing pick-up head 7 is never operated.
The sealing device 19 associated with a failing pick-up head 7 is preferably disabled (i.e. is never activated). Alternatively, the sealing device 19 associated to the failing pick-up head 7 might also be left in operation, as welding “nothing” does not cause any damage (but wastes some energy).
Any device attached to a failing pick-up head 7 is necessarily disabled (i.e. is never operated).
In general, the operative members that are associated with a failing pick-up head 7 and feeding anything (a portion of product, a cap . . . ) are necessarily disabled (that is, they are never activated), while the operative members that are associated with a failing pick-up head 7 and not feeding anything can be deactivated or can be left to operate.
This mode of operation allows not completely stopping the packaging machine 3 when a failing pick-up head 7 is detected. In fact, the packaging machine 3 continues to operate in an almost normal mode with minimal disadvantage due to momentary “loss” of a pick-up head 7 (in the packaging machine 3 shown in the figures attached, the packaging conveyor 4 comprises twenty pick-up heads 7, hence the temporary “loss” of a pick-up head 7 represents a very insignificant limitation, especially when compared to machine downtime). In this way, it is possible to increase significantly the long-term productivity of the packaging machine 3.
In the embodiment shown in
The packaging machine 3 comprises an output passage 47, which receives the full, sealed bags 1 in the transfer station S4 and feeds the full, sealed bags 1 to a first packaging line (which is outside the packaging machine 3 and in which groups of full, sealed bags 1 are introduced into respective boxes). Furthermore, the packaging machine 3 comprises an output passage 48, which is separated and independent from the output passage 47, receives the full, sealed bags 1 in the transfer station S5 and feeds the full, sealed bags 1 to a second packaging line (which is outside the packaging machine 3 and in which groups of full, sealed bags 1 are introduced into respective boxes).
Each stabilizing head 17 of the stabilizing conveyor 14 receives a full, sealed bag 1 in the output station S2 from a pick-up head 7 of the packaging conveyor 4, makes the full, sealed bag 1 advance along the stabilizing path P3 and finally provides irrelevantly the full, sealed bag 1 either to the output passage 47 of the transfer station S4 or to the output passage 48 of the second transfer station S5. In other words, each stabilizing head 17 of the stabilizing conveyor 14 is designed to provide the full, sealed bag 1 to the output passage 47 in the transfer station S4 or to the output passage 48 in the second transfer station S5.
During normal operation, i.e., when both output passages 47 and 48 are operative (i.e., can receive the full, sealed bags 1 when the corresponding packaging machines are in operation), the stabilizing heads 17 of the stabilizing conveyor 14 alternately provides the full, sealed bags 1 to both output passages 47 and 48 in the corresponding transfer stations S4 and S5 (so one full, sealed bag 1 is transferred to the output passage 47 in the transfer station S4 and the successive full, sealed bag 1 is transferred to the output passage 48 in the transfer station S5, and so on).
When one of the two output passages 47 and 48 is not operative (i.e., when one of the two output passages 47 and 48 cannot receive the full bags 1 because the corresponding packaging machine is at a standstill, for example due to a machine flooding, maintenance intervention, a fault . . . ) all the full, sealed bags 1 are transferred from the stabilizing heads 17 of the stabilizing conveyor 14 only to the operative output passage 47 or 48 (that is, the non-operating output passage 47 or 48 is “ignored”). In this condition, generally, it is necessary to slow down the packaging machine 3 because a single output passage 47 or 48 cannot receive alone the entire nominal production of the packaging machine 3. However, while working at a reduced speed, the packaging machine 3 does not stop, thus keeping, as far as possible, the long-term productivity.
The presence of two output passages 47 and 48, in addition to allow not stopping the packaging machine 3 when an output passage 47 or 48 is temporarily not able to receive the full bags 1, also allows to differentiate the production of bags 1 (for example by varying the consistency of the dose of the loose product that is fed in the bags 1 and/or changing the conformation of the bags 1). Alternately, a bag 1 of a first type and a bag 1 of a second type are formed, all the bags 1 of the first type being directed to the output passage 47, and all the bags 1 of the second type being directed to the output passage 48. A bag 1 of the first type can be differentiated from a bag 1 of the second type, for example, by the consistency of the dose of the loose product and/or by the form (shape, size, and/or external prints) of the bag 1. In other words, two types of bags 1 differentiated between them are fed to the input station S1 and the pick-up heads 7, with all the bags 1 of the first type being transferred to the output passage 47 in the transfer station S4, and all the bags 1 of the second type being transferred to the output passage 48 in the transfer station S5.
The packaging machine 3 described above presents several advantages.
Firstly, the packaging machine 3 described above can improve the overall quality of the bags 1 thanks to a reduction in external contamination. This result is obtained thanks to the fact that the heat-sealing of the open upper end 2 of each bag 1 occurs immediately after the filling of the bag 1 itself (for each pick-up head 7, the sealing device 19 is arranged very close to the filling device 18: the mutual distance is of a maximum of 15-25 cm) and, therefore, the time for which the bag 1 remains full and open is extremely reduced (in this time period the inert gas contained in the bag 1 can partially flow out and be replaced by other not controlled gases present in the atmosphere). In this way, it is also possible to significantly reduce the consumption of inert gas, as it is not necessary to overdose the inert gas to compensate for high losses of inert gas between the filling and the heat-sealing. Moreover, all parts subject to high wear (seals and other rubber parts or similar) are far from the pick-up heads 7 (i.e. from the bags 1 and from the product dosed into the bags 1) eliminating the risk of possible contamination of the product and/or the bags 1 with rubber particles or similar.
The packaging machine 3 described above can improve the overall quality of the bags 1 also thanks to a better precision in the execution of the processing. This result is obtained thanks to the fact that in every moment of the processing the position of each bag 1 is ensured in an extremely precise and reliable way.
The packaging machine 3 described above can reduce the percentage of waste (i.e. of defective bags 1). This result is obtained thanks to the fact that, during the whole processing, the position of the bags 1 is always ensured in a very precise way also thanks to the use of a packaging conveyor 4 provided with a single drum 5 mounted rotating that directly supports the pick-up heads 7 (compared to a chain conveyor which is wound around guide pulleys, the control of the position of the pick-up heads 7 is improved).
The packaging machine 3 described above can reduce the space taken up and improve the accessibility for the execution of cleaning, maintenance and size change services (i.e. all the parts of the packaging machine 3 described above are easily accessible by an operator). These results are obtained thanks to the fact that the use of a packaging conveyor 4 provided with a single drum 5 rotary mounted that directly supports the pick-up heads 7 allows to considerably reduce the overall size of the packaging machine 3.
The packaging machine 3 described above requires reduced maintenance. This result is obtained thanks to the fact of using a packaging conveyor 4 provided with a single drum 5 entirely rotary mounted without any chain (the chains which continuously deform have a high level of wear that requires frequent maintenance).
Finally, the packaging machine 3 described above is of relatively simple and economical fabrication.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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17168643 | Apr 2017 | EP | regional |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20180312280 A1 | Nov 2018 | US |