The invention relates to camouflage, and more particularly, to camouflage that is used to protect mobile assets.
On the battlefield, there can be a significant advantage to avoiding detection by hostile forces of vehicles and other military assets. Camouflage covers can be an effective method for concealing such equipment from detection, not only by visual observation, but also by hyperspectral, thermal, and/or radar methods.
With respect to radar signatures, there are two important approaches to avoiding radar detection of a protected asset. The first approach is a background emulation approach, wherein the camouflage has a radar signature that closely matches the background radar signature (clutter), so that the protected asset cannot be distinguished from the background. Generally, this approach requires that the camouflage system's radar absorption be maximized, and its reflection minimized. In particular, it can be important that the radar absorbing materials be present in the correct amounts and thicknesses in the textile, and that all of the equipment that supports the camouflage be non-metallic, so that the radar reflections are low.
The second approach is an obfuscation approach, which is typically implemented when the radar signature of the vehicle is too high to be sufficiently attenuated by the camouflage system to match the background radar signature. Instead, the goal of this approach is to modify the radar signature of the asset, including its radar cross section and its radar image, such as are produced by a synthetic aperture radar unit, so that even if the asset is detected by radar, it cannot be easily identified as a protected asset by its radar signature.
In particular, vehicles and other metallic assets tend to have large and unique radar cross sections and high return radar image signatures that can be difficult to fully suppress with camouflage. For this reason, many vehicle camouflage systems adopt the obfuscation approach.
While these camouflage approaches can be highly effective for protecting assets that are moved only occasionally, it can be difficult to implement a camouflage cover when it is necessary to frequently move the vehicle or other equipment to be protected. Typically, camouflage covers are supported by nets that must be set up and removed manually. This can be very time consuming, and is not practical when a vehicle or other equipment remains at a location only for a short time.
Furthermore, when it is necessary for tactical reasons to move a vehicle or other protected equipment on short notice, the manual process of removing the camouflage can lead to unacceptable delays.
There have been some efforts to design equipment that would facilitate the rapid deployment of camouflage to protect vehicles. However, these approaches are complex, articulated mechanical assemblies that are heavy, subject to mechanical failure, and difficult to stow compactly. In particular, the lack of compactness of these complex mechanical arrangements can impede the function of the vehicle when it is in operation with the camouflage stowed, reducing its effectiveness and safety.
It should be noted that the terms “vehicle,” “equipment,” and “asset” are all used interchangeably herein to denote a mobile military asset that requires concealment by camouflage.
What is needed, therefore, is a camouflage system that is mechanically simple, light in weight, and highly compact when stowed in or on a vehicle, and which can be quickly and automatically deployed and stowed as needed under control of a user who remains within the vehicle.
The present invention is a camouflage system that is mechanically simple, light in weight, and highly compact when stowed in or on a vehicle or other mobile asset, and which can be quickly and automatically deployed and stowed as needed.
The invention eliminates the manual process that is required by conventional camouflage systems, and provides an automated camouflage solution that is controlled from inside the vehicle and can be rapidly deployed and rapidly recovered and stowed. An important parameter when considering camouflage designs for vehicles is the ratio of stowed to deployed area for the camouflage system. The present invention takes up only a small area on the vehicle when it is stowed, such that it does not impede operation of the vehicle while in motion.
The present invention employs a camouflage cover supported by inflatable air beams, also referred to herein as inflatable arms and inflatable support beams, that and are compressed onto or into a stowage platform when not in use. In embodiments, the inflatable air beams radiate outward from a central hub. In other embodiments, the air beams are mounted to the vehicle as separate units when that is advantageous for coverage of an asset geometry. Deployment of the camouflage system is accomplished by inflating the air beams, while recovery of the camouflage system is accomplished by deflating and compressing the air beams. In some embodiments, the deflation is accelerated by applying a vacuum apparatus to the air beams. In various embodiments, retraction of the air beams includes mechanical windup up of recovery cords or straps that pass through guides provided on the air beams and are fixed to ends of the air beams. In some embodiments the recovery cords or straps pass through loops that are fixed to the camouflage cover. In some of these embodiments, vacuum apparatus is not required, in that the winding tension of the cords or straps is sufficient to push the inflating gas out of the air beams.
In various embodiments the camouflage system includes 4, 6, or 8 air beam “arms” radiating from the central hub, with more inflatable arms being preferred for larger camouflage covers. The arms have very large ratios of collapsed length vs expanded length. In embodiments, this expand/collapse length ratio is 6:1 or greater.
According to the present invention, the camouflage cover is mounted to the inflatable air beams at regular, spaced-apart attachment points, in much the same way that a rain-shedding textile is mounted to a conventional umbrella frame. There must be sufficient attachment points to ensure that the camouflage cover is recovered fully onto the stowage platform when retracted, so that any interference with vehicle operation is avoided.
In some of these embodiments, the arms are retracted by accordion folding thereof, and the attachment of the camouflage cover is at the accordion fold points of the inflatable arms. In these embodiments, the cords or straps are free to retract, but are constrained to remain aligned with the accordion folds of the collapsing beams.
In other embodiments, the beams are wound about spools when retracted, such that they are deployed by unwinding of the beams and recovered by winding up of the air beams in their flat, deflated configuration.
In some embodiments the inflatable camouflage system has a single expansion range that is adequate to cover the asset, while in other embodiments the inflatable beams have internal bladders that can be separately pressurized so as to provide a plurality of selectable expansion ranges. For example, embodiments provide first and second expansion ranges of deployment of a camouflage cover over a vehicle. In the first expansion range of deployment, the camouflage cover does not extend to the ground, thereby permitting low speed movement of the vehicle while still providing concealment from overhead detection. In the second range of expansion deployment, the cover is extended to the ground and provides full concealment of the vehicle from both overhead and ground-based detection. In some of these embodiments, when movement of the vehicle is required, the camouflage cover can be retracted from the second extension range to the first extension range, so as to allow low speed movement of the vehicle, and then re-expanded to the second extension range when a new stationary location is reached.
Embodiments further integrate RCS and radar signature management (RCS/RSM) with the camouflage system. In some of these embodiments, the camouflage is designed to closely match the background radar signature of the surrounding terrain. In these embodiments, the camouflage system's radar reflection is minimized because, unlike the prior art, the camouflage cover is supported by non-metallic, inflatable beams or arms. Moreover because the camouflage system is mounted on a vehicle and deployed by inflation of air beams, it is more compact and lighter than conventional approaches, such that it is possible in embodiments to include sufficient radar absorbing material and thickness in the coatings to fully suppress the asset RCS and signature. In some of these embodiments, the camouflage cover is designed for high absorption and scattering, and the inflatable arms are made from a coated textile that is also non-metallic, and is coated in some embodiments with one or more absorbent and/or scattering coatings.
In other embodiments where the radar signature of the vehicle is very large, such that it cannot be sufficiently attenuated by the camouflage system to match the background radar signature, the camouflage system is configured to disguise or obfuscate the radar signature of the protected asset. In some of these embodiments, some portions of the inside bottom faces of some of the inflatable beams are coated with a metallic reflector material, so that the inflatable arms function as variable radar signature elements of the system that change and obfuscate the normal, unprotected radar signature of the vehicle.
Some embodiments provide separate radar reflection air beams in addition to the camouflage support air beams, so that the radar signature of the camouflage system can be constantly varied and changed by selectively inflating and deflating the radar reflection air beams, thereby making it very difficult to identify the protected asset even if the distorted RCS/RSM is detected. In some of these embodiments, internal bulkhead panels of the vehicle are also used to increase the radar signature even further.
The present invention is a camouflage system configured to avoid or confuse detection of a mobile asset by automatically deploying and retracting a camouflage cover over and around the mobile asset under control of an operator located within the mobile asset. The camouflage system includes a plurality of inflatable support beams that, when inflated, radiate outward from the mobile asset in a deployed configuration and, when deflated, can be stowed in or on the mobile asset in a stowed configuration, and a camouflage cover attached at separated attachment points to tops of the support beams.
In embodiments, the inflatable support beams are mounted to the mobile asset as separate units. Or, the inflatable support beams can radiate outward from a central hub. In some of these embodiments, during deflation thereof, the support beams are fan-folded so as to compress them near or into the central hub.
In any of the above embodiments, inflation and deflation of the support beams can be controllable from within the mobile asset.
In any of the above embodiments, a ratio of a deployed area of the camouflage cover to a stowed area of the camouflage cover, as viewed from above, can be at least 10:1.
In any of the above embodiments, retraction of the support beams can include winding of retraction straps or cords around at least one strap spool, the retraction straps or cords being attached to the support beams proximal to distal ends thereof. In some of these embodiments, the retraction cords or straps are directed through guides that extend from the support beams.
In any of the above embodiments, the support beams can include pleats that govern a folding of the support beams as they are retracted.
In any of the above embodiments, retraction of the support beams can include winding of the support beams, in a deflated state, around at least one beam spool.
Any of the above embodiments can further include a radar absorbing and/or scattering layer applied to the camouflage cover.
Any of the above embodiments can further include an additional layer of fabric that is extended and retracted together with the camouflage cover. In some of these embodiments, the additional layer of fabric is an additional upper layer that is attached beneath the camouflage cover to the tops of the support beams. In other of these embodiments, the additional layer of fabric is attached to bottoms of the support beams. And in some of these embodiments an air-filled gap between the camouflage cover and the additional layer of fabric reduces a transfer of heat from the mobile asset to the camouflage cover.
In any of the above embodiments that further include an additional layer of fabric that is extended and retracted together with the camouflage cover, a radar absorbing and/or scattering layer can be applied to the additional layer of fabric.
In any of the above embodiments, each of the support beams can include therein a plurality of inflatable bladders that can be separately inflated so as to transition the camouflage cover between its stowed configuration and a plurality of deployed configurations having different deployed areas as viewed from above. In some of these embodiments the mobile asset is able to move while the camouflage cover remains deployed in at least one of the deployed configurations.
Any of the above embodiments can further include an inflatable radar reflection arm having at least one of a partial metallized coating, a fully metallized coating, and a separate internal radar reflection fabric layer, inflation of the radar reflection arm causing it to extend outward from the mobile asset so as to distort a radar reflection signature of the mobile asset and camouflage system. And in some of these embodiments, a degree of inflation of the inflatable radar reflection arm can be controlled from within the mobile asset, thereby varying the radar reflection signature of the mobile asset and camouflage system.
The features and advantages described herein are not all-inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and not to limit the scope of the inventive subject matter.
The present invention is a camouflage system that is mechanically simple, light in weight, and highly compact when stowed in or on a vehicle, and which can be quickly and automatically deployed and stowed from the vehicle as needed
With reference to
In various embodiments the camouflage system includes 4, 6 or 8 air beam “arms” 102 radiating from the central hub 104, with more inflatable arms 102 being preferred for larger camouflage covers 100. The air beams 102 have very large ratios of collapsed length vs expanded length. In embodiments, this expand/collapse length ratio is 6:1 or greater.
The camouflage cover 100 is mounted to the inflatable air beams 102 at regular, spaced-apart attachment points 112, in much the same way that a rain-shedding textile is mounted to a conventional umbrella frame. There must be sufficient attachment points 112 to ensure that the camouflage cover 100 is recovered fully onto the stowage platform 106 when retracted, so that any interference with vehicle operation is avoided.
In the embodiment of
In some embodiments the inflatable camouflage system has a single expansion range that is adequate to cover the asset. However, in the embodiment of
When only the first expansion bladder 800 of
Embodiments further integrate RCS and radar signature management (RCS/RSM) with the camouflage system. In some of these embodiments, the camouflage is designed to closely match the background radar signature of the surrounding terrain. In these embodiments, the camouflage system's radar reflection can be minimized because, unlike the prior art, the camouflage cover is supported by non-metallic, inflatable beams or arms. Moreover because the camouflage system is mounted on a vehicle and deployed by inflation of air beams 102, it is more compact and lighter than conventional approaches, such that it is possible, in embodiments to include sufficient radar absorbing material and thickness in the coatings to fully suppress the RCS and signature of the protected vehicle. In some of these embodiments the camouflage cover 100 is designed for high radar absorption and/or scattering, and the radar reflection arms 900 are made from a coated textile that is also non-metallic, and is coated in some embodiments with one or more absorbent and/or scattering coatings.
In some embodiments there is only a single layer of camouflage 102 that is attached to the tops of the air beams 102. In the embodiments of
In other embodiments where the radar signature of the vehicle is very high, such that it cannot be sufficiently attenuated by the camouflage system to match the background radar signature, the camouflage system is configured to disguise or obfuscate the radar signature of the protected asset. Some of these embodiments include inflatable radar reflection arms 900 that are distinct from the air beams 102 that support the camouflage cover 100. With reference to
With reference to
By providing separate radar reflection arms 900 in addition to the camouflage support air beams 102, the radar reflection arms 900 can be selectively inflated and deflated while the camouflage cover remains deployed, such that the radar signature of the camouflage system is constantly varied and changed, thereby making it very difficult to identify the protected asset.
In some of these embodiments, internal bulkhead panels of the vehicle are also used to increase the radar signature even further (not shown).
For short stops, even with main engines shut down, vehicles are often hot relative to their surroundings. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention provide thermal concealment as part of the overall camouflage solution.
In embodiments similar to
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. Each and every page of this submission, and all contents thereon, however characterized, identified, or numbered, is considered a substantive part of this application for all purposes, irrespective of form or placement within the application. This specification is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure.
Although the present application is shown in a limited number of forms, the scope of the invention is not limited to just these forms, but is amenable to various changes and modifications. The disclosure presented herein does not explicitly disclose all possible combinations of features that fall within the scope of the invention. The features disclosed herein for the various embodiments can generally be interchanged and combined into any combinations that are not self-contradictory without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the limitations presented in dependent claims below can be combined with their corresponding independent claims in any number and in any order without departing from the scope of this disclosure, unless the dependent claims are logically incompatible with each other.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/243,397, filed Sep. 13, 2021, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63243397 | Sep 2021 | US |