Patent Application
20220243511
This invention is in the field of automotive door hinges, and in particular, lift-off hinge joints.
Essentially all modern automotive factories assemble doors made from sheet metal to the vehicle body prior to final painting. These structures prior to final painting are called door-in-white and body-in-white respectively. The assembly takes place using hinges which rotationally join the doors to the body. Use of the hinges at this stage facilitates the fitting of the doors to the body in the correct orientation. The final painting then occurs with the doors in place.
At this point in production, following painting, it is useful to remove the doors from the body. This allows efficient further assembly of various components to the door on a parallel line, including window glass, seals, audio speakers, door inner trim, etc. Various techniques have been used to permit the doors to be easily removed from, and reassembled with, the body. Lift-off hinge joints have been used advantageously for this purpose for some years.
Lift-off hinges tend to suffer from a number of problems including holding the doors securely enough to correctly orient them for painting without damaging the hinge components, the door or the body when they are removed and then reinstalled. Obtaining a secure and repeatable registration of the hinge components is most desirable. It would also be preferable to allow disassembly and reassembly in only certain positions to ensure consistent reassembly of the doors to the body in the proper orientation. In addition, it would be desirable to provide hinge joint components configured to allow simple and convenient disassembly and reassembly by consumer end users, such as with certain sport vehicles.
Virtually all vehicles require doors which are held in multiple discrete open positions for user ingress and egress, loading and the like. This is facilitated by door checkers. Door checkers may be separate from the associated hinges or integrated with the hinges. It would be advantageous to have a secure, conveniently usable lift-off hinge combined with a door checker.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a lift-off hinge joint comprises a pair of door side hinge brackets, a body side hinge bracket, a detent shaft with a shaped detent shaft feature, a guide pin, a check mechanism and a lift-off fastener. The detent shaft is rotatably connected to the two spaced apart door side hinge brackets using bushings.
The detent shaft is rotatably mounted within a check mechanism which surrounds the detent shaft. Rotational interaction of the detent shaft with the check mechanism generates the required detent torque to check the door in multiple desired positions. The check mechanism has spring preloaded rollers that interact with grooves on the detent shaft to generate the check forces. See, for example, U.S. No. 6,481,056 entitled “Integrated Door Check Hinge for Automobiles”, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The shaped detent shaft feature registers with a correspondingly shaped portion of the guide pin.
The guide pin is fastened to the body side hinge bracket. This registration places the door side and body side hinge brackets in the correct orientation for assembly and reassembly. It has been found that a non-circular base, for example, a square base pyramidally shaped intermediate portion of the guide pin, is ideal to ensure proper orientation of the door for assembly and reassembly. Finally, a removable lift-off fastener, in the form of a bolt with a threaded end, is inserted through an orifice in the body side hinge bracket, though a bore in the guide pin, and tightened by threading into a correspondingly internally threaded bore of the detent shaft. Typically, a washer is provided between the head of the bolt and the body side hinge bracket, making the bolt easily installed and removed.
In practice, the square shape of the intermediate portion of the guide pin and corresponding detent shaft feature may be modified with rounded corners to facilitate smooth contact of the parts and to prevent abrasion of the parts during assembly and disassembly. The guide pin is provided with a tenon at one end which registers with a correspondingly shaped opening in the body side hinge bracket and may be swaged to join the two components. The guide pin and body side hinge bracket may also be joined by staking, welding, or similar means of fastening. The tenon and corresponding opening in the door side hinge bracket may be square to match the profile of the opposite end of the guide pin, or may be provided with another polygonal shape, such as a triangle or hexagon, to prevent relative rotation between the tenon and door side hinge bracket.
Similarly, the opposite end of the guide pin may have a square or non-square polygonal shape to fit non-rotatably within the bore of the detent shaft. Only the square base pyramidally shaped portion of the guide pin engages with the correspondingly shaped portion of the detent shaft feature. This generates a form fit. The opposite end of the guide pin, on the other hand, acts as a guide element for temporary retention of the detent shaft to the guide pin during hinge assembly, without actual engagement. Preferably, the clearance between the opposite end of the guide pin and the bore of the detent shaft prevents these two features from interfering with each other.
The square shape of the intermediate pyramidal portion of the guide pin has been found to be optimal to facilitate correct assembly and reassembly of the doors to the body. Automotive side doors typically open between 65 degrees and 85 degrees. In practice, a door cannot be rehung in a closed or almost closed position since it is too difficult for a worker or a robot to manipulate the door in such close quarters. In addition, for example, if it were attempted to rehang the door at 120 degrees open, the sheet metal of the door and body could come into contact causing damage to both. Thus, the 90 degree indexing of the square base pyramidal pin permits the door to be re-hung only in the correct position allowing access for workers or machines and preventing contact between sheet metal parts with attendant damage. Other polygonal shapes would not provide this optimal, essentially fool-proof, indexing of parts. Although very useful in a factory setting, an essentially fool-proof indexing of parts is particularly beneficial in the case of consumer use of these lift-off hinges to prevent damage as sport vehicle doors are repeatedly removed and replaced.
A typical vehicle door is mounted to the body with two hinge joints, namely an upper and a lower hinge joint. The above described hinge joint with an integral door checker may be mounted in either position, although the upper position may be preferred. A similar guide pin may be provided on the opposite, typically lower, door side hinge bracket. In this way the door can be lifted up and off the body side hinge brackets and reinstalled in the correct orientation without use of the lift-off fastener initially. This greatly simplifies the door assembly operation.
Finally, when the lift-off fastener is inserted and tightened, the square base pyramidal intermediate portion of the guide pin and the correspondingly shaped portion of the detent shaft, the detent shaft feature, engage tightly to restrain all degrees of freedom of motion between the various components, with the exception of the permitted rotational motion of the detent shaft in relation to the checker mechanism and in relation to the door side hinge brackets. This creates a secure, structural joint.
The embodiments, examples and alternatives of the preceding paragraphs, the claims, or the following description and drawings, including any of their various aspects or respective individual features, may be taken independently or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless such features are incompatible.
An automotive lift-off hinge with integrated door check 1 (also referred to simply as the automotive lift-off hinge) is adapted to rotationally connect a vehicle door 3 and a vehicle body (not illustrated). The lift-off hinge 1, as illustrated in
The lift-off hinge 1 further comprises a detent shaft 11 with a first end 13, a second end 15, and a shaft hollow core 12 provided with a shaped detent shaft feature 17. The isolated detent shaft 11 is illustrated, for example, in
A threaded fastener 25, as illustrated in
The lift-off hinge 1 further comprises a cylindrical check mechanism 27 with an open central core 29. The cylindrical check mechanism 27 is illustrated, for example, in
A guide pin 35 is an integral element of the lift-off hinge 1. The guide pin 35 comprises a central portion 37 preferably having a square base pyramidal shape, a polygonal first portion 39 which is preferably square shaped and may comprise a tenon, a polygonal second portion 41 which is also preferably square shaped, and a pin hollow core 43.
The hinge is formed with a door side half and a body side half which are adapted to be removably attached to each other.
Beginning with the body side half,
Turning to the door side half, as illustrated in
The door side half may be affixed to the automotive door 3 prior to or following assembly of the door side half as described above. The first door side hinge bracket 5 and the second door side hinge bracket 7 are typically bolted to the door 3 using conventional means. These brackets 5 and 7 may also be attached to the door 3 by welding or other suitable bonding means.
Similarly, the body side half may be affixed to the automotive vehicle body prior to or following assembly of the body side half as described above. The body side hinge bracket 9 is typically bolted to the body using conventional means. The body bracket 9 may also be attached to the body by welding or other suitable bonding means.
With the door side half and the body side half assembled and affixed to the door 3 and body respectively, the door side half may be removably attached to the body side half. The detent shaft 11 is adapted to engage the guide pin 35. Typically, the contact will take place at the central portion 37 of the guide pin 35 with a square base pyramidal shape, and the similarly shaped detent shaft feature 17 of the detent shaft 11 to create a form fit. Again, the square external corners or edges of the central portion 37 of the guide pin 35 and the internal corners of the detent shaft feature 17 may be rounded to facilitate sliding these parts into and out of engagement. Preferably, there is play between the non-contacting portions of the guide pin 35 and the shaft hollow core 12 of the detent shaft 11 so that precise registration is ensured at the contacting surfaces with no other surfaces competing for contact or interfering with such contact. The polygonal second portion 41 of the guide pin 11 acts as a guide feature and provides temporary retention of the first section 19 of the shaft hollow core 12 of the detent shaft 11 during hinge assembly.
As described above, the door 3 may then be lifted off the body. The corresponding shaping of the guide pin 35 and the detent shaft 11 where they contact ensures that the door 3 will be registered precisely as previously with the body no matter how many times the door 3 is removed and replaced. As described above, the right angle indexing of the pyramidal guide pin 35 requires the door to be rehung in the correct position since rotating the door in either direction by 90 degrees would limit access to the hinge excessively or risk damage to the door. Although a square pyramidal shape for the guide pin 35 is preferred, a trilobal or hexagonal shape would also work.
When the door 3 is ready to be rotationally and axially fixed to the body, the threaded fastener 25 is passed, typically, through a second washer 26, through the hollow core 43 of the guide pin 35 and into the interiorly threaded intermediate portion 23 of the detent shaft 11. Typically, the leading end 24 of the threaded fastener 25 is of lesser diameter than the interiorly threaded intermediate portion 23 of the detent shaft 11 so that the when the threaded fastener 25 is fully tightened into the interiorly threaded intermediate portion 23, its leading end 24 is not in contact with the detent shaft 11. Tightening the threaded fastener 25 forces the two pyramidal faces 37, 17 of the guide pin 35 and the detent shaft 11 respectively into firm engagement and restrains other degrees of freedom in order to generate a structural joint. The fastened joint is illustrated, for example, in
To achieve the door checking functionality of the lift-off hinge, the detent shaft 11 is provided with grooves or splines 18 which engage with spring loaded rollers in the open central core 29 of the cylindrical check mechanism 27 as the detent shaft 11 rotates within the cylindrical check mechanism. Interaction of the splines 18 and the spring loaded rollers in the open central core 29 creates detent torque which permits the door 3 to be checked in a number of discrete positions as it is rotated open and closed. As noted above, this form of door check integrated with a hinge is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,481,056.
Although the illustrated lift-off hinge is preferably used with a check mechanism, it could be used without a check mechanism to prevent rotation of a pin during fastener tightening. The polygonal shapes described above facilitate this function.
As illustrated in
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art and practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or controller or other unit may fulfil the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
It should also be understood that although a particular component arrangement is disclosed in the illustrated embodiment, other arrangements will benefit herefrom. Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and claimed, it should be understood that steps may be performed in any order, separated or combined unless otherwise indicated and will still benefit from the present invention.
Although the different examples have specific components shown in the illustrations, embodiments of this invention are not limited to those particular combinations. It is possible to use some of the components or features from one of the examples in combination with features or components from another one of the examples.
Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of the claims. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine their true scope and content.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/040,139 which was filed on Jun. 17, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2021/037817 | 6/17/2021 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63040139 | Jun 2020 | US |
