Personal electronic devices, such as cellular phones and tablets, are considered expensive and are prone to being dropped and damaged due to their portable, hand-held nature. Typical damage includes cracked or shattered screens or backs. Thus, screen protectors have been developed to be applied over the screen and/or back for protection and to reduce damage. Such screen protectors can be self-applied individually by the end user or can be applied by trained service providers. For individual self-application, the process can be daunting and prone to failure, such as misalignment, bubbles, inclusions, etc. The installation process for trained installers can be better due to greater experience and training but can still be prone to failure. The development of screen protection and installation solutions is an ongoing endeavor.
Features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example, features of the invention; and, wherein:
Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended.
Before invention embodiments are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that no limitation to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein is intended, but also includes equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same element. Numbers provided in flow charts and processes are provided for clarity in illustrating steps and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular order or sequence. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
The terms “mobile device”, “personal electronic device”, “electronic device”, and “cell phone” are used interchangeably herein, unless otherwise specified, to refer to a portable handheld electronic device, such as a cellular or cell phone, smartphone, tablet or tablet computer, phablet, wearable, game, and the like, with a display screen, and that is portable and handheld. The display screen can be a touch screen that can receive input by touch such as finger swipes, and/or can have a virtual keyboard. The mobile device can have a battery and memory and a processor with software running thereon. The mobile device can have cellular, WiFi and/or Bluetooth connectivity, and can have a wireless transmitter, receiver, or transceiver. Thus, the mobile device can provide internet browsing, game playing, movie and picture display, e-book display, etc. In addition, the mobile device can include a digital camera. Throughout the description, the term “cell phone” will be used as an example of the mobile device, and such use of the term “cell phone” includes all mobile devices or portable handheld electronic devices, unless otherwise specified. Similarly, throughout the drawings a cell phone is shown by way of example.
The term “screen protector” refers to a material such as glass, film, a hybrid of glass and film that adheres to a screen of a mobile device, or a fluid that is applied to the screen and subsequently cures or solidifies. The term “screen protector” can refer to a layer or film placed on or over a display screen of the mobile device to provide protection to the display screen. The screen protector can comprise one or more layers, such as a protective glass or plastic layer, an adhesive layer to affix the protective layer to the screen of the mobile device, etc. The screen protector can be transparent such that the display screen can be viewed through the screen protector. In one aspect, the screen protector can be flexible and can comprise a flexible film supported by the screen of the mobile device. In another aspect, the screen protector can be rigid enough to maintain its shape and be self-supporting. In one aspect, the screen protector can be disposed directly on the display screen. In another aspect, the screen protector can be disposed over and above the display screen, with a space or gap therebetween. The screen protector can have a size and shape to substantially match or cover the display screen. In addition, the screen protector can extend beyond the display screen and cover other portions of a user surface of the portable handheld electronic device. The screen protector can have notches or cut-outs in the perimeter thereof, and/or apertures therethrough, to accommodate accessories of the portable handheld electronic device, such as a camera lens, a speaker, a button, fingerprint sensor, etc. In addition, the screen protector can have lateral sides that are curved to match or follow a curvature of the display screen, which can have curved lateral sides extending to lateral edges of the portable handheld electronic device. The outermost lateral edges of the screen protector can contact the display screen to eliminate a gap at the lateral perimeter of the screen protector and the display screen. Thus, the curvature of the lateral edges of the screen protector can have a slightly different curvature than the lateral edges of the display screen. The term “screen protector” is also used to refer to similar protective layers that can be installed on the back of the device to protect the glass thereof. By way of example, the screen protectors described and shown herein can be tempered glass with an adhesive thereon to adhere the screen protector to the screen of the mobile device. In addition, the screen protectors can be provided with a protective film covering the adhesive prior to installation.
An initial overview of the inventive concepts are provided below and then specific examples are described in further detail later. This initial summary is intended to aid readers in understanding the examples more quickly, but is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the examples, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
An autonomous application machine and method are provided for automatically applying and installing a screen protector, such as an adhesive glass, to a display screen of a mobile device, such as a cell phone. The machine can receive the mobile device, verify the mobile device, prepare and clean the mobile device, select or produce a screen protector, delaminate a protective film from the adhesive of the screen protector, orient and position the mobile device and/or the screen protector with respect to one another, apply the screen protector to the mobile device, seal and/or press/roll the screen protector and mobile device to remove air bubbles, and/or verify the installation. The machine can comprise one or more stations, such as a receiving station, a visual inspection station, a cleaning station, a delamination station, a lamination station, and/or a vacuum seal station. The mobile device and the one or more stations can move with respect to one another. In one aspect, the mobile device can be moved through the one or more stations, such as carrying the mobile device on a carriage movable on a rail, or on a carrousel. In another aspect, the one or more stations can be moved past a stationary mobile device, such as with a carrousel.
The application machine is autonomous in that the machine can operate autonomously, without supervision or manual assistance. Thus, the machine can provide precise installation without the need of a trained operator; and can even provide installation for a consumer, without an operator. In one aspect, the machine can be used by an unskilled or limited skilled workforce, such as in a retail establishment. In another aspect, the machine can be used by a consumer as a point-of-sale (POS) apparatus or kiosk.
The machine can be a vending and application machine for both vending and applying the screen protector. The machine can have an installation mechanism housed within an enclosure or shell to both protect the mechanism from interference and to protect consumers/operators from the mechanism. A user interface can be carried and located proximate an exterior of the enclosure. The user interface can comprise a display screen and input, such as a touchscreen, to: 1) present one or more different screen protector for one or more different mobile devices, and an installation service for installing a selected screen protector on a mobile device, for sale, and 2) receive a selection. The user interface can also comprise a payment processor, such as a card scanner and/or NFC, to processes a payment for the screen protector and the installation service. The user interface and the display can provide a GUI that provides the ability for the machine to interact directly with the consumer, without a trained operator.
The machine can utilize a vision system for visually scanning and inspecting: 1) the screen of the mobile device prior to installation of the screen protector, and 2) the screen protector subsequent to installation. The vision system can provide a visual verification system that allows the machine to verify the condition of the screen and the mobile device both before and after installation. Thus, the machine can protect against unfounded claims of damage to the mobile device or improper installation of the screen protector. The vision system can comprise an array of light sources directed at the screen of the mobile device from an array of different angles. The vision system can further comprise an array of cameras directed at the screen of the mobile device from an array of different angles. The cameras can utilize sensors, such as CMOS, to detect diffraction of light from any cracks in the screen of the mobile device, and/or debris on the screen. In another aspect, the machine can also have a vision system to visually inspect a back of the mobile device, which can typically comprise glass.
Referring to
The machine 10 can comprise an application mechanism 30 housed within an enclosure 34 in the interior 38 thereof. In one aspect, the enclosure 34 can define a volume of the interior 38 and can completely enclose the volume. Thus, the enclosure 34 can resist outside interference with the mechanism 30, and can protect users, such as operators or consumers, from the mechanism 30. In another aspect, the enclosure 34 can have walls that are solid to resist entry of airborne particulates. In another aspect, the machine 10 and the enclosure 34 can have a window to allow observation of the installation of the screen protector 14. Since the machine 10 and the mechanism 30 are completely autonomous, access to the interior 38 by the operator or consumer is unnecessary. The enclosure 34 can have an access panel or door 42 to allow maintenance of the mechanism 30, to restock screen protectors 14, and to collect debris, such as protective films 26. In one aspect, the enclosure 34 can be floor standing. In another aspect, the enclosure 34 can be a desktop or tabletop unit. At least one magazine 46 can be located in the enclosure 34 to contain a stack of screen protectors 14. Multiple difference screen protectors 14 sized and shaped for different mobile devices 22 can be carried in multiple magazines 46.
The machine 10 and the mechanism 30 can have multiple stations in the interior 38 of the enclosure 34 for performing different operations with respect to the mobile device 22 and/or the screen protector 14. For example, the stations can comprise:
In addition, the machine 10 and the mechanism 30 can have a carriage-and-rail system 74 to transport the mobile device 22 through the various stations. A chuck 78 can be positioned in the interior 38 of the enclosure 34 to carry the mobile device 22 during the installation process. The chuck 78 can be at least part of the carriage, and can ride on the rail 82 that can extend through or proximate to the stations. In one aspect, the chuck 78 can move back-and-forth along the rail 82 and between the stations. For example, the chuck 78 and the mobile device 22 can move from the receiving station 50 through the other stations to the sealing station 70, and then back to the receiving station 50. As another example, the chuck 78 and the mobile device 22 can move from the vision inspection station 54 to the cleaning station 58, and then back to the vision inspection station 54.
Furthermore, the machine 10 and the mechanism 30 can also have:
Referring to
The user interface 94 and the display 98 can have a GUI that can present instructions and options. For example, the GUI can present:
Referring to
In another aspect, the machine 10, the enclosure 34, the receiving station 50 and the receptacle 110 can comprise a drawer, or a slot through which a user can insert the mobile device 22 into the receiving station 50. In one aspect, the drawer can be lockable, and the slot can be closable, to restrict access during use. In addition, the slot can be sized to only receive the mobile device.
In one aspect, the receptacle 110 can comprise actuators and sensors for sensing a perimeter of the mobile device 22 for determining the brand and model of the mobile device 22. In another aspect, the receptacle 110 can comprise a scanner 122 for scanning the mobile device 22 for determining the brand and model of the mobile device 22. In another aspect, the receptacle 110 can comprise sensors for determining the orientation of the mobile device 22.
Referring to
The pick-and-place mechanism 86 can be a three axis assembly with three linear axes of motion in a gantry configuration. The pick-and-place mechanism 86 can have lateral and longitudinal movement to cover the span to position the vacuum grip 126 in all required planar locations, and between the receptacle 110 and the chuck 78. In addition, the pick-and-place mechanism 86 can have vertical rise and fall movement to raise and lower the vacuum grip 126. The pick-and-place mechanism 86 can have force limiting, spring loaded mechanisms between the axis connection and the chuck 78 so that the vacuum grip 126 does not exert excessive force on the mobile device 22.
In one aspect, the machine 10 and the pick-and-place mechanism 86 can include a stationary touch probe with a cylindrical stylus pointed up. The probe is used to initialize the home position of the pick-and-place mechanism and to measure an offset of the edge of a mobile device 22.
Referring to
The chuck 78 can be a holding fixture for the mobile device 22, and can comprise a base plate mounted on a linear slide that transports the base plate and the mobile device 22 to the subsequent stations. An intermediate plate can comprise spring loaded jaws, fingers or tabs perpendicular to one another and mounts on top of the base plate. These jaws, fingers or tabs can be opened pneumatically via integrated cylinders, whereas compressed air can open the jaws and spring force can close them. This arrangement can resist the jaws, fingers or tabs will not grip the mobile device 22 with excessive force, or from failing to close. Top tooling correspond to the top jaws, fingers or tabs can be fastened to the intermediate plate and jaws, fingers or tabs, respectively. This tooling can hold the mobile device through direct contact while minimizing the number of top tooling components to just one set for all types of mobile devices.
In another aspect, the chuck 78 can have a platen with a suction device that can apply a pressure to a back of the mobile device 22 to hold the mobile device with respect to the platen. In another aspect, the chuck 78 can have a platen with one or more indentations each sized and shaped to receive a particular mobile device. In one aspect, a single blank with an indentation can be provided on the platform or platen based on the identified mobile device.
The vision inspection station 54 can comprise a vision system 136 with a light source, such as an array of lights or LEDs 138 oriented at different angles with respect to the chuck 78 and thus the screen 18 of the mobile device 22. In addition, the vision inspection station 54 and the vision system can comprise a camera, such as an array of cameras 142 also oriented at different angles with respect to the chuck 78 and thus the screen 18 of the mobile device 22. The cameras 142 and the LEDs 138 can be oriented opposite one another. In one aspect, the cameras 142 and the LEDs 138 can be oriented at an acute angle with respect to the screen 18 of the mobile device 22. The array of cameras 142 and the array of LEDS 138 provide multiple viewing angles and multiple light paths in order to thoroughly inspect the screen 18 of the mobile device 22. In another aspect, the cameras 142 and the LEDs 138 can be carried by an arch 146 with the cameras 142 on one side of the arch 146 and the LEDs 138 on the other side of the arch 146. The cameras 142 and the LEDs 138 can operate through respective apertures in the arch 146.
The array of cameras and light sources 142 and 138 can be arranged in the arch 146 where the chuck 78 and the mobile device 22 pass under. The array of cameras and light sources 142 and 138 can image the surface of the screen 18 at various oblique angles as well as normal to the screen 28. Various wavelengths can be used from visible light to near IR. In one aspect, the arch 146 can be fixed. In another aspect, the arch 146 can move with respect to the screen 18 of the mobile device 22 and the chuck 78. For example the arch 146 can move longitudinally and/or transverse to the screen 18.
In one aspect, the vision system 136 can observe the screen 18 of the mobile device 22 and the condition thereof to ensure that it is clean. In another aspect, the vision system can measure the mobile device 22 for comparison with the user's identification of the brand and the model, and verify that the proper screen protector 14 has been selected. In another aspect, the vision system can validate whether the mobile device 22 has an existing screen protector. For example, the visions system can be capable of detecting an edge or change in elevation in the screen 18 around an aperture or adjacent a perimeter that would indicate the presence of an existing screen protector. In another aspect, the vision system can validate whether the mobile device 22 has a case. In another aspect, the vision system can validate whether the screen 18 of the mobile device 22 is already cracked or damaged. For example, the visions system can be capable of detecting a change in the surface of the screen 18 that would indicate the presence of a crack. In another aspect, the vision system can observe and document the condition of the mobile device 22 and screen 18 prior to installation of the screen protector 14. In another aspect, the vision system can validate the condition of the screen protector 14 prior to installation. In another aspect, the vision system can validate and document the mobile device 22 and the screen protector 14 after installation to validate and document correct installation. In one aspect, the vision system can use the cameras 142 and the LEDs 138, and associated object identification systems. In another aspect, the vision system can use acoustic sensors, or sonic or ultrasonic sensors. In another aspect, the vision system can use infrared sensors. In another aspect, the vision system can use x-ray sensors.
In accordance with another aspect, vision inspection station 54 and the vision system 136 described above can be a front and upper vision system positioned and oriented in front of the mobile device 22 and above the chuck 78 for inspecting the front of the mobile device 22. In another aspect, the machine 10 can have a back and lower vision system 150 positioned and oriented behind and below the mobile device 22 for inspecting the back of the mobile device 22. For example, the first pick-and-place mechanism 86 can position, orient and move the mobile device 22 with respect to the back and lower vision system 150 while transporting the mobile device 22 between the receiving station 50 and the chuck 78, and prior to placing the mobile device 22 in the chuck 78. The back and lower vision system 150 can be similar to or the same as the front and upper vision system 136 described above.
Referring to
The cleaning station 58 can carefully and repeatably clean the screen 18 of the mobile device 22. In another aspect, the cleaning station 58 and the cleaning implement 154 can comprise a buffer, a compressed air nozzle, a sprayer for cleaner, such as isopropyl alcohol, and/or an adhesive sprayer. In another aspect, the machine 10 and the enclosure 34 can comprise containers of cleaner, such as isopropyl alcohol, coupled to the sprayer or nozzle. In another aspect, mist nozzles can spray a fine mist of alcohol onto the rotating brush 162 and/or the screen 18 while the brush is in motion. The chuck 78 with the mobile device 22 can reciprocate back and forth below the rotating brush 162 and along its linear axis. In another aspect, the vacuum head 166 can have a vacuum nozzles with nylon brushes around the perimeter to augment cleaning and/or drying of the screen 18. The chuck 78 can cycle until the screen 18 is clean and/or dry, and verified at the vision inspection station 54. The cleaning implement 154 can raise and lower on actuators so that the rotating brush 162 and/or the vacuum head 166 contacts and clears the screen 18. The actuators can comprise air cylinders coupled to a pneumatic source. A force limiting mechanism can be included, so that excessive force is not applied to the screen 18. For example, a spring transmitting force from the cylinder to a frame of the cleaning implement 154 can be used so that if transmitted force exceeds the spring force, the spring will deflect, thus limiting force. Such a lift mechanism can also be used in other stations.
Referring to
The magazine 46 can be a hollow rectangular structure with guides along its internal length. The guides can constrain the stack of screen protectors 14 so they are aligned square to the frame. In one aspect, one guide can be fixed and the opposite guide can be side spring loaded to keep the stack or screen protectors 14 square. The stack of screen protectors 14 can lift vertically in rise and fall by means of a screw driven by a motor. The top screen protector 14 can be at the correct position for the second pick-and-place mechanism 90 to grip it. A sensor can determine when a magazine 46 is empty.
In another aspect, the machine 10 can comprise one or more roles of protective film which can be custom cut or stamped. In another aspect, the machine 10 can contain a plurality of similar blanks that can be custom cut or stamped. Various aspects of cutting a screen protector from roles or blanks is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,416,621; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/573,790 and 61/586,128, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the machine 10 can contain a plurality of screen protectors 14, such as 20 to 2000 screen protectors total or of each style. In another aspect, the machine can be an installation machine that can receive both the mobile device 22 and a preselected screen protector 14.
Referring to
Referring to
The vacuum grip 186 can have a platen 190 with a matrix of apertures 194 therein coupled to a vacuum source to hold the screen protector 14 against the platen 190 while the protective film 26 is peeled away from the screen protector 14. A heater or heating element 198 can be associated with the vacuum grip 186 to heat the platen 190, and thus to heat the adhesive on the screen protector 14. In one aspect, the vacuum grip 186 can have pins 202 extending therefrom and into bores 206 (
The second pick-and-place mechanism 90 can move the vacuum grip 186 to the magazine 46 where the vacuum grip 186 can grasp the screen protector 14. The second pick-and-place mechanism 90 can move the vacuum grip 186 with the screen protector 14 to the delamination station 62 and place the protective film 14 of the screen protector 14 on the platen of the delamination bed 170. The pins 202 of the vacuum grip 186 can index into the bores 206 of the delamination bed 170. The gripper 174 of the delamination bed 170 can grip the tab 182 of the protective film 26 and can peel the protective film 26 from the screen protector 14 as the vacuum grip 186 lifts the screen protector 14 from the delamination bed 14. The heater 198 can heat the platen 190 of the vacuum grip 186 and the adhesive of the screen protector 14. The second pick-and-place mechanism 90 can move the vacuum grip 186 with the screen protector 14 but without the protective film 26 from the delamination station 62 to the lamination station 66. The chuck 78 with the mobile device 22 is positioned in the lamination station 66 to receive the screen protector 14. The second pick-and-place mechanism 90 can place the vacuum grip 186 with the screen protector 14 against the screen 18 of the mobile device 22, thus pressing the adhesive of the screen protector 14 against the screen 18 of the mobile device 22. Thus, the vacuum grip 186 can be an applicator of the lamination station 62. In addition, the pins 202 can index into bores 210 (
Referring to
The chuck 78 with the mobile device 22 with the screen protector 14 thereon can be returned to the vision inspection station 54 to inspect the screen protector 14 and validate that the screen protector 14 was installed properly. In one aspect, the chuck 78 with the mobile device 22 with the screen protector 14 thereon can be returned to the cleaning station 58 to clean the screen protector 14.
Referring again to
The mechanism 30 and the stations with their components can be positioned on and carried by a platform. The rail 82 can extend through and/or beside the stations and their components.
Referring again to
In one aspect, installation of the screen protector 14 on the mobile device 22 can occur within 30 minutes from the point the customer initiates the order. In another aspect, the machine 10 can also receive and store and transmit information including one or more of: date accessory or screen protector 14 was provided, time accessory or screen protector 14 was provided, location where the accessory or screen protector 14 was provided, identity of the party who requested the accessory via the touchscreen interface, validating information regarding the condition of the mobile device 22 and the screen protector 14.
In another aspect, the machine can also comprise a sterilizer, such as a UV light, to sterilize the mobile device.
In another aspect, the machine 10 and the user interface 94 can present and sell related accessories for the mobile device 22, including cases, power banks, cables, etc.
In another aspect, the machine 10 and the enclosure 34 can have a positive pressure system to maintain the interior 38 of the enclosure at an elevated pressure with respect to the ambient pressure outside of the enclosure to resist airborne particulates from entering the enclosure 34 and contaminating the mobile device 22 prior to installation of the screen protector 14. The positive pressure system can include a fan and a filter to draw filtered air into the enclosure.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a layer” includes a plurality of such layers.
In this disclosure, “comprises,” “comprising,” “containing” and “having” and the like can have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law and can mean “includes,” “including,” and the like, and are generally interpreted to be open ended terms. The terms “consisting of” or “consists of” are closed terms, and include only the components, structures, steps, or the like specifically listed in conjunction with such terms, as well as that which is in accordance with U.S. Patent law. “Consisting essentially of” or “consists essentially of” have the meaning generally ascribed to them by U.S. Patent law. In particular, such terms are generally closed terms, with the exception of allowing inclusion of additional items, materials, components, steps, or elements, that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics or function of the item(s) used in connection therewith. For example, trace elements present in a composition, but not affecting the composition's nature or characteristics would be permissible if present under the “consisting essentially of” language, even though not expressly recited in a list of items following such terminology. When using an open ended term in the specification, like “comprising” or “including,” it is understood that direct support should be afforded also to “consisting essentially of” language as well as “consisting of” language as if stated explicitly and vice versa.
The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Similarly, if a method is described herein as comprising a series of steps, the order of such steps as presented herein is not necessarily the only order in which such steps may be performed, and certain of the stated steps may possibly be omitted and/or certain other steps not described herein may possibly be added to the method.
The terms “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “over,” “under,” and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for describing permanent relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in other orientations than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
The term “coupled,” as used herein, is defined as directly or indirectly connected in an electrical or nonelectrical manner. Objects described herein as being “adjacent to” each other may be in physical contact with each other, in close proximity to each other, or in the same general region or area as each other, as appropriate for the context in which the phrase is used. Occurrences of the phrase “in one embodiment,” or “in one aspect,” herein do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or aspect.
As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the complete or nearly complete extent or degree of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, an object that is “substantially” enclosed would mean that the object is either completely enclosed or nearly completely enclosed. The exact allowable degree of deviation from absolute completeness may in some cases depend on the specific context. However, generally speaking the nearness of completion will be so as to have the same overall result as if absolute and total completion were obtained. The use of “substantially” is equally applicable when used in a negative connotation to refer to the complete or near complete lack of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, a composition that is “substantially free of” particles would either completely lack particles, or so nearly completely lack particles that the effect would be the same as if it completely lacked particles. In other words, a composition that is “substantially free of” an ingredient or element may still actually contain such item as long as there is no measurable effect thereof.
As used herein, “adjacent” refers to the proximity of two structures or elements. Particularly, elements that are identified as being “adjacent” may be either abutting or connected. Such elements may also be near or close to each other without necessarily contacting each other. The exact degree of proximity may in some cases depend on the specific context.
As used herein, the term “about” is used to provide flexibility to a numerical range endpoint by providing that a given value may be “a little above” or “a little below” the endpoint. It is understood that express support is intended for exact numerical values in this specification, even when the term “about” is used in connection therewith.
The terms “interference fit” and “friction fit” and “press-fit” are terms of art used interchangeably herein to refer to deliberately causing, increasing and/or using friction to deliberately resist movement. An interference fit or friction fit is different than and great than the existence of friction. While friction may exist between any two surfaces, is often desirable to do all one can to reduce this friction. An interference fit or friction fit can be distinguished from naturally occurring friction by being actually deliberately caused and increased. An interference fit can be created by dimensioning engaging parts so that their surfaces tightly bear against one another. A friction fit can be created by surface roughness that is rougher.
The term “ferromagnetic” is used herein to refer to a material or element that has magnetic properties and/or an ability to magnetically couple, either by being magnetic, or being magnetically attracted to a magnet (such as by containing iron) such that one ferromagnetic material or element is magnetically attracted to another ferromagnetic material or element. Thus, a ferromagnetic button is a magnet or is magnetic, such as a permanent magnet, or is attracted to magnets, such as by containing iron.
It is to be understood that the examples set forth herein are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed, but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples. In the description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of lengths, widths, shapes, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of the technology being described. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
While the foregoing examples are illustrative of the principles of the invention in one or more particular applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of implementation can be made without the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing from the principles and concepts described herein. Accordingly, it is not intended that the invention be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.
Priority is claimed to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/123,055, filed Dec. 9, 2020; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/132,723, filed Dec. 31, 2020; which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63123055 | Dec 2020 | US | |
63132723 | Dec 2020 | US |