Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to an inkjet printer, and more particularly, to an inkjet printer having an autopurge system configured to automatically clean a printhead.
Drop-on-demand inkjet printers include a printhead having a binary array having a large number of print orifices. During printing, ink is ejected through particular orifices based on the nature of a character to be printed on a suitable medium. Ink is not ejected through every orifice at all times during a printing process. Rather, only select orifices are utilized at any one time depending on the nature of the character to be printed. Generally, drop-on-demand inkjet printers differ from continuous inkjet printers, in which a constant stream of drops are passed between charged electrodes, because ink is not ejected through all of the orifices during a particular printing process.
Due to the fact that ink is not ejected through all of the orifices during a printing process, the orifices that are less frequently used may accumulate dust, dirt, dried ink, and other waste materials over time. Certain orifices may become crusted over, restricted, or blocked because of infrequent use, or simply because the printing system may be idle for an extended period of time. Additionally, the printface, in general, may also accumulate debris, such as dust, dirt, paper debris, and the like.
In order to purge the orifices and printhead of impurities and other waste products, the printhead is typically manually cleaned. For example, the printhead may be sprayed with a cleaning solvent, and then wiped off.
Further, some printing systems automatically purge the orifices of waste materials by periodically passing ink therethrough, in order to break up obstructions within the orifices. In general, however, a user still needs to collect the ink and waste materials after they have been passed through the orifices. Such a process, however, is inefficient and time-consuming.
Thus, a need exists for an efficient system and method of purging a printhead of impurities. Further, a need exists for a self-contained waste removal and collection system.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide an inkjet printing system that includes a printhead, a solvent supply, and a first solenoid assembly. The printhead has an orifice plate and a solvent port disposed above the orifice plate. The printhead also includes a vacuum port disposed below the orifice plate. The vacuum port is configured to collect solvent waste fluid.
The solvent supply is in fluid communication with the solvent port through a solvent supply line. The first solenoid assembly is disposed within the solvent supply line, and is engaged to close a portion of the solvent supply line such that solvent within the solvent supply line that is downstream from the first solenoid assembly is pulsed through the solvent supply line. The solvent that is pulsed through the solvent supply line pulses out the solvent port and passes over the orifice plate, thereby removing waste materials from the orifice plate to form solvent waste fluid.
The inkjet printing system may also include an ink supply in fluid communication with the orifice plate through an ink supply line, and a second solenoid assembly disposed within the ink supply line. The second solenoid assembly is engaged to close a portion of the ink supply line such that ink within the ink supply line that is downstream from the second solenoid assembly is pulsed through the ink supply line. The ink that is pulsed through the ink supply line pulses out orifices within the orifice plate. The ink pulsed through the orifices removes ink waste materials from the orifices, thereby forming ink waste fluid that passes over the orifice plate.
The system also includes a waste removal line and a waste container. The waste removal line is in fluid communication with the vacuum port and the waste container such that the solvent and ink waste fluids pass from the vacuum port to the waste container by way of the waste removal line.
Certain embodiments of the present invention also provide a system including an ink supply system configured to supply ink to a printhead, and an autopurge unit configured to automatically clean the printhead. The autopurge unit includes a solvent supply in fluid communication with a solvent line, a solenoid housing, and a waste container.
The solenoid housing includes a first solenoid assembly disposed within an ink line and a second solenoid assembly disposed within a solvent line. The ink line is in fluid communication with the ink supply and a first outlet that is configured to be in fluid communication with the printhead; and a second solenoid assembly disposed within a solvent line. The first and second solenoid assemblies are configured to constrict proximate portions (i.e., portions that are proximate the first and second assemblies) of the ink and solvent lines, respectively.
The waste container is in fluid communication with a waste delivery line having a waste inlet. The waste inlet is configured to be in fluid communication with a waste line that is in communication with the printhead so that fluid waste from the printhead is deposited into the waste container. The system also includes a vacuum adapted to draw the fluid waste into the waste container.
Certain embodiments of the present invention also provide a method of automatically cleaning a printhead of an inkjet printer. The method includes engaging a first solenoid assembly to constrict a solvent supply line, pulsing solvent through a portion of the solvent supply line that is downstream from the first solenoid assembly due to said engaging, and running the solvent over an orifice plate of the printhead through a solvent port that is in fluid communication with the solvent supply line, wherein the running removes debris from the orifice plate. The method may also include opening a downstream check valve due to the engaging step so that solvent may pass through the downstream check valve, and closing an upstream check valve due to the engaging step so that solvent may not pass through the upstream check valve.
The method also includes suctioning the solvent and debris into a vacuum port located below the orifice plate, and passing the solvent and debris into a waste removal line having a first end that is fluidly connected to the vacuum port and a second end that is fluidly connected to a waste container, wherein the solvent and debris are deposited into the waste container.
Additionally, the method may include engaging a second solenoid assembly to constrict an ink supply line, pulsing ink through a portion of the ink supply line that is downstream from the second solenoid assembly due to said engaging; and pulsing ink through orifices of the orifice plate that is in fluid communication with the ink supply line so that waste is removed from the orifices. The ink is suctioned into the vacuum port.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of certain embodiments of the present invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings, certain embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the attached drawings.
In operation, ink flows from the ink supply system 12 into the autopurge system 14 through appropriate tubing (not shown). The ink flows through the solenoid housing 20 and into tubing (not shown) that allows the ink to pass out of the autopurge ink system 10. Similarly, solvent passes from the solvent supply bottle 24 into tubing (not shown) through the ink supply support housing 22 and into the solenoid housing 20. The solvent then passes out of the autopurge system 10 through appropriate tubing (not shown).
Check valves may be disposed within the ink supply line 27 before and after the solenoid assembly 29. One check valve may be disposed within the ink supply line 27 upstream of the solenoid assembly 29, while the other check valve may be disposed downstream the solenoid assembly 29. For example, the downstream check valve may be disposed within an ink line within a printhead. The check valves within the ink supply line may be operated by way of a manual purge bulb to create a pumping action within the ink line.
Solvent passes into the solenoid housing 20 through the ink supply support housing 22 by way of a solvent supply line 32, which includes tubing. The solvent supply line 32 is in fluid communication with the solvent bottle 16 (shown in
As shown in
The low ink alarm cable 54 mates with the low ink alarm jack 78, thereby providing a connection between the printhead 50 and the autopurge system 10. Electrical signals sensed by a low ink sensing device (not shown) positioned within the printing system 44 are passed through the low ink alarm jack 78 through the low ink alarm cable 54, and eventually onto the CPU 46 (shown in
The waste line 56 connects to the waste connection 76. As such, waste fluid may pass from the printhead 50 to the waste line 56 through the waste connection 76. The waste fluid then passes from the waste line 56 to appropriate tubing (not shown) positioned within the autopurge system 10 (shown with respect to
The solvent line 58 connects to the solvent connection line 82 of the printhead 50. Thus, solvent may pass from the autopurge system 10 to the printhead 50 through the connection of the solvent line 58 and the solvent connection line 82. Solvent passes through appropriate tubing (not shown) within the printhead 50 to the printface 70.
The photocell link 60 connects to the photocell connector 80. Additionally, the photocell extension cable 62 is configured to mate with a reciprocal connector 84 of a photocell 86.
Ink may run or drool down the orifice plate 88 in order to clean the orifices located within orifice plate 88. Ink runs, or drools, down the orifice plate 88 due to gravity and the suctioning action of the vacuum port 94. The vacuum port 94 is in fluid communication with the waste line 56 (shown in
Additionally, solvent may pulse from the solvent port 92 and run or droll over the orifice plate 88. The solvent that drools over the orifice plate 88 collects waste materials, such as dust, paper debris, dry ink, and the like, and is collected at vacuum port 94. That is, waste materials, whether they are picked up by ink or solvent that drools over the orifice plate 88, are suctioned into the waste line 56 by way of the vacuum port 94.
Similarly, solvent passes through the solvent supply line 32 onto the printhead 50 through the action of the solenoid assembly 36. As the solenoid assembly 36 is engaged, it constricts the solvent supply line 32. Consequently, the downstream check valve 38 is forced open and solvent within the solvent supply line 32 up to that point is squeezed through the portion of the solvent supply line 32 that is downstream from the downstream check valve 38, and into the solvent port 92. When the solenoid assembly 36 is engaged, the upstream check valve 34 closes thereby precluding solvent from passing therethrough. Upon disengagement of the solenoid assembly 36, the downstream check valve 38 closes, thereby preventing solvent from passing therethrough, while the upstream check valve 34 opens, thereby allowing solvent to fill the solvent supply line 32 up to the downstream check valve 38.
As solvent is squeezed through the solvent supply line 32 in the direction of arrows B, the solvent is passed to the solvent port 92. The squeezing action of the solenoid assembly 36 causes solvent to pulse out of the solvent port 92. As the solvent pulses through the solvent port 92, it drools or runs down the orifice plate 88 in the direction of arrow E, thereby collecting waste materials. The solvent and collected waste materials are then suctioned into the vacuum port 94.
In general, ink is pulsed through the orifices of the orifice array 90 in an ink waste removal process as described above in order to remove crusted materials, dried ink, and the like from the orifice plate 88. Further, solvent is pulsed through the solvent port 92 to drool down the orifice plate 88 in a solvent waste removal process, as described above, in order to remove external debris, such as paper, dust, ink deposits, and the like. Waste material, including ink, solvent, and collected waste products (such as dried ink deposits, dust, and the like) are suctioned through the waste line 56 and into the waste container 26 by way of a vacuum 96. The vacuum 96 may be housed within the autopurge system 10, or it may optionally be separate and distinct therefrom.
As discussed above, during a cleaning process, ink and solvent drool, or run, over the orifice plate 88 in order to collect and/or remove waste materials therefrom. The ink and solvent, however, do not spit or jet from the orifice plate 88. In general, ink is pulsed through the orifices of the orifice array 90 in order to clean the orifices of minor debris. The ink and minor debris drool over the orifice plate 88 and are suctioned into the vacuum port 92. Additionally, solvent is pulsed through the solvent port 92 to wash excess ink and other debris from the orifice plate 88 as it drools over the orifice plate 88. The waste material that is suctioned into the vacuum port 94 is then collected in the waste container 26.
The CPU 46 or other suitable controller may be programmed to clean the orifice plate 88 through the ink waste removal process and/or the solvent waste removal process, as described above. In particular, the CPU 46 may direct only an ink waste removal process, or a solvent waste removal process at any one time. Alternatively, both processes may be performed simultaneously.
Embodiments of the present invention provide an efficient system and method of purging a printhead of impurities. In particular, certain embodiments of the present invention provide a self-contained waste removal and collection system. Further, the solenoid assemblies provide a system and method of pulsing ink and solvent to the printhead, without the need for expensive fluid flow systems and the like. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention provide a system for automatically purging and cleaning an array of a drop-on-demand printer.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3614223 | Ott | Oct 1971 | A |
4080607 | Van Breemen et al. | Mar 1978 | A |
4306245 | Kasugayama et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
4308546 | Halasz | Dec 1981 | A |
4314264 | Bok et al. | Feb 1982 | A |
4318114 | Huliba | Mar 1982 | A |
4338613 | Cruz-Uribe | Jul 1982 | A |
4362572 | Wallace | Dec 1982 | A |
4399446 | McCann et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
4411706 | Wallace et al. | Oct 1983 | A |
4432005 | Duffield et al. | Feb 1984 | A |
4484199 | Watanabe | Nov 1984 | A |
4498088 | Kanayama | Feb 1985 | A |
4528996 | Jones | Jul 1985 | A |
4533925 | Tsao et al. | Aug 1985 | A |
4559543 | Toganoh et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
4591870 | Braun et al. | May 1986 | A |
4591873 | McCann et al. | May 1986 | A |
4600928 | Braun et al. | Jul 1986 | A |
4623897 | Brown et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
4626869 | Piatt | Dec 1986 | A |
4719791 | Greiner et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
4849773 | Owatari | Jul 1989 | A |
4870431 | Sousa et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4951066 | Terasawa | Aug 1990 | A |
4973992 | Owatari | Nov 1990 | A |
5008081 | Blau et al. | Apr 1991 | A |
5103244 | Gast et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
5138332 | Carlotta | Aug 1992 | A |
5166707 | Watanabe et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
5184147 | MacLane et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
5210550 | Fisher et al. | May 1993 | A |
5266974 | Koitabashi et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5300958 | Burke et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5341162 | Hermanson et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5365255 | Inoue et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
5367326 | Pond et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
5382963 | Pond et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5404158 | Carlotta et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
5526028 | Rottman | Jun 1996 | A |
5530463 | Nystrom et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
5539435 | Uchida et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5559539 | Vo et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5572243 | Hermanson | Nov 1996 | A |
5574486 | Whitlow et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
5594478 | Matsubara et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
5604520 | Matsubara et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
5610640 | Anderson et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5650806 | Denne | Jul 1997 | A |
5663750 | Sakuma | Sep 1997 | A |
5717446 | Teumer et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5721574 | Kubby | Feb 1998 | A |
5724075 | Smith | Mar 1998 | A |
5736996 | Takada et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5751305 | Hadley | May 1998 | A |
5757308 | Anderson | May 1998 | A |
5764265 | Minegishi et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5786832 | Yamanaka et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5796415 | Inoue et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5801737 | Sato et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5818475 | Miyazaki et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5831642 | Matsubara et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5838342 | Takahashi et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5867189 | Whitlow et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5877788 | Haan et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5894313 | Mabuchi | Apr 1999 | A |
5896144 | Kishimoto et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5896154 | Mitani et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5917508 | Lopez et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5923347 | Wade | Jul 1999 | A |
5929878 | Pelletier | Jul 1999 | A |
5968312 | Sephton | Oct 1999 | A |
6000792 | Koizumi et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6024431 | Takashi et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6042213 | Hayasaki | Mar 2000 | A |
6059869 | Fassler et al. | May 2000 | A |
6070963 | Kamada et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6086180 | Sugimoto et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6094280 | Hayasaki et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6102518 | Taylor | Aug 2000 | A |
6106097 | Otani et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6123409 | Wolf | Sep 2000 | A |
6130684 | Premnath et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6132026 | Taylor et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6145951 | Hayasaki et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6164751 | Griffin et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6164752 | Schaefer et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6164767 | Nakamura et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6176563 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6193350 | Hadley | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6203135 | Murcia et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6227659 | Lopez et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6231149 | Matsumoto | May 2001 | B1 |
6241337 | Sharma et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6241340 | Watanabe et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6247784 | Obana et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6257701 | Otani et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6283575 | Hawkins et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6286933 | Murakami et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6293648 | Anderson | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6299302 | DeBoer et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6312090 | Griffin et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6312117 | Gaasch | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6322186 | Shimizu et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6325482 | Hayasaki et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6328412 | Taylor et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6334662 | Hollands | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6343850 | Domagall | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6347858 | Faisst, Jr. et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6350012 | Sarkissian et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6357852 | Premnath et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6364449 | Takahashi et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6375303 | Fukui et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6377358 | Hayasaki et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6382767 | Greive | May 2002 | B1 |
6386673 | Takahashi et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6398337 | Wyble et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6406122 | Sharma et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6409304 | Taylor | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6431693 | Masataka | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6435647 | Faisst, Jr. et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6439683 | Matsumoto et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6446642 | Caren et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6454403 | Takada et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6457802 | Jackson | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6471321 | Aono | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6478402 | Greive | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6481822 | Murcia et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6481824 | Hayakawa et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6491371 | Berg et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6494560 | Seshimo et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6511151 | Griffin et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6511534 | Mishina et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6513903 | Sharma et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6517188 | Hawkins et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6523930 | Griffin et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6530634 | Hara | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6540330 | Kubota et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6550885 | Matsumoto et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6557985 | Hosono et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6572215 | Sharma | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6575556 | Eremity et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6575567 | Matsumoto et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6585348 | Reed et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6588876 | Taylor et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6592940 | Myhill et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6595618 | Roy et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6604813 | Green | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6610165 | Myhill et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
20010012027 | Murcia et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20010022603 | Masataka | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010043250 | Faisst | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20020005873 | Suzuki | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020015070 | Taylor et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020018107 | Yakushigawa et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020036672 | Courtney et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020080207 | Kand et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020085058 | Griffin et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020085059 | Sharma et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020093557 | Takuhara et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020105564 | Matsumoto et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020108564 | Gruenwald et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020122096 | Masataka et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020130918 | Hayakawa et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020145645 | Aono | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020158925 | Hara | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020163562 | Tanaka et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020167569 | Hosono et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020186270 | Sharma | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20020186281 | Yamamoto et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030007026 | Matsumoto et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030011656 | Caren et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030016267 | Green | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030025766 | Tanaka et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030051800 | Myhill et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030052101 | Gu et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030081050 | Reed et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030128249 | Booth | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030128250 | Booth | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030132990 | Mitani | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030202034 | Lodal et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030207081 | Myhill et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
WO 8606 025 | Oct 1986 | EP |
WO 8606 026 | Oct 1986 | EP |
0 271 470 | Jun 1988 | EP |
0 316 198 | May 1989 | EP |
0 317 172 | May 1989 | EP |
0 414 513 | May 1989 | EP |
0 442 471 | Aug 1991 | EP |
0 442 485 | Aug 1991 | EP |
0 452 157 | Oct 1991 | EP |
0 465 260 | Jan 1992 | EP |
0 468 712 | May 1992 | EP |
0 484 100 | May 1992 | EP |
0 508 114 | Oct 1992 | EP |
0 271 470 | Nov 1992 | EP |
0 525 988 | Feb 1993 | EP |
0 526 186 | May 1993 | EP |
0 558 219 | Oct 1993 | EP |
0 317 172 | May 1994 | EP |
0 597 674 | May 1994 | EP |
0 556 011 | Sep 1994 | EP |
0 600 735 | Nov 1994 | EP |
0 626 265 | Mar 1995 | EP |
0 645 245 | Mar 1995 | EP |
0 645 245 | Mar 1995 | EP |
0 585 901 | May 1995 | EP |
0 468 995 | Jun 1995 | EP |
0 665 105 | Aug 1995 | EP |
0 348 234 | Oct 1995 | EP |
0 452 157 | Oct 1995 | EP |
0 465 260 | Oct 1995 | EP |
0 484 100 | Oct 1995 | EP |
0 684 139 | Nov 1995 | EP |
0 442 471 | Jan 1996 | EP |
0 420 469 | Mar 1996 | EP |
0 709 192 | Jul 1996 | EP |
0 508 114 | Sep 1996 | EP |
0 558 219 | Oct 1996 | EP |
0 499 432 | Apr 1997 | EP |
0 495 649 | Aug 1997 | EP |
0 583 016 | Sep 1997 | EP |
0 745 485 | Oct 1997 | EP |
0 771 659 | Oct 1997 | EP |
0 665 105 | Nov 1997 | EP |
0 817 113 | Jan 1998 | EP |
0 761 452 | May 1998 | EP |
0 729 115 | Oct 1998 | EP |
0 822 082 | Oct 1998 | EP |
0 924 084 | Jun 1999 | EP |
0 932 300 | Jul 1999 | EP |
0 936 071 | Aug 1999 | EP |
0 942 585 | Sep 1999 | EP |
0 942 591 | Sep 1999 | EP |
0 585 901 | Dec 1999 | EP |
10 626 265 | Dec 1999 | EP |
0 925 925 | Jan 2000 | EP |
0 933 212 | Jan 2000 | EP |
0 987 113 | Mar 2000 | EP |
0 933 215 | Apr 2000 | EP |
0 988 975 | Apr 2000 | EP |
0 997 298 | May 2000 | EP |
1 004 642 | May 2000 | EP |
0 561 406 | Jun 2000 | EP |
0 556 011 | Jul 2000 | EP |
1 018 430 | Jul 2000 | EP |
1 013 448 | Aug 2000 | EP |
1 024 003 | Aug 2000 | EP |
1 029 683 | Aug 2000 | EP |
1 038 677 | Sep 2000 | EP |
1 078 749 | Feb 2001 | EP |
1 085 061 | Mar 2001 | EP |
1 088 664 | Apr 2001 | EP |
1 088 862 | Apr 2001 | EP |
1 088 863 | Apr 2001 | EP |
1 090 761 | Apr 2001 | EP |
1 090 762 | Apr 2001 | EP |
1 110 733 | Jun 2001 | EP |
1 129 855 | Sep 2001 | EP |
1 142 967 | Oct 2001 | EP |
1 147 897 | Oct 2001 | EP |
1 162 072 | Dec 2001 | EP |
1 164 018 | Dec 2001 | EP |
1 167 043 | Jan 2002 | EP |
1 167 472 | Jan 2002 | EP |
1 170 130 | Jan 2002 | EP |
0 709 192 | Feb 2002 | EP |
1 188 804 | Mar 2002 | EP |
1 219 433 | Jul 2002 | EP |
1 223 035 | Jul 2002 | EP |
1 024 003 | Oct 2002 | EP |
1 249 349 | Oct 2002 | EP |
0 761 452 | Dec 2002 | EP |
1 262 324 | Dec 2002 | EP |
0 822 082 | Jan 2003 | EP |
1 273 449 | Jan 2003 | EP |
0 988 975 | Mar 2003 | EP |
1 293 345 | Mar 2003 | EP |
0 745 485 | Apr 2003 | EP |
1 308 289 | May 2003 | EP |
1 095 773 | Jul 2003 | EP |
0 817 113 | Sep 2003 | EP |
0 936 071 | Sep 2003 | EP |
1 356 943 | Oct 2003 | EP |
59 012857 | Jan 1984 | JP |
6302 2656 | Jan 1988 | JP |
6311 2154 | May 1988 | JP |
1134 2631 | Dec 1999 | JP |
20000 94702 | Apr 2000 | JP |
2000 198214 | Jul 2000 | JP |
2001 096737 | Apr 2001 | JP |
WO 8606 031 | Oct 1986 | WO |
WO 901 2691 | Nov 1990 | WO |
WO 9806 583 | Feb 1998 | WO |
WO 9845 122 | Oct 1998 | WO |
WO 0201 929 | Jan 2002 | WO |
WO 0236347 | May 2002 | WO |
WO 03026897 | Apr 2003 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20050264620 A1 | Dec 2005 | US |