Axial piston rotary power device

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to axial piston rotary power devices having one or more pistons disposed parallel to and displaced from an axis of rotation. More particularly, the invention relates to internal combustion engines, pumps, compressors, expanders, fluid driven motors, compressor driven internal combustion engines, and fluid driven compressors. It additionally relates to any such devices that differ in a simple structural modification of a central cylindrical stationary member, cam profile and end plate ports.

2. Background Information

This invention relates to rotary power devices of the type having a plurality of cylinders arranged around and parallel to a central axis of rotation in an equally-spaced relationship, and in which pistons disposed within the cylinders cooperate with a cam track to impart rotational motion to a rotor when the pistons reciprocate in their respective cylinders. Examples of rotary devices of the above type can be found in United States patent specifications such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,813,372 of Manthey; U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,858 of Anzalone; U.S. Pat. No. Re. 30,565 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,079 of Kristiansen; U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,190 of Paul; U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,778 of Usich, Jr.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,253,983 of Suzuki, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,323,738 of Morse; U.S. Pat. No. 4,213,427 of Di Stefano; and U.S. Pat. No. 1,614,476 of Hutchinson. Although such power devices have been proven to be theoretically functional, they are characterized in some respects by complexities associated with the arrangements of cams and of intake and discharge means, which make them costly to manufacture, assemble, and maintain. Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention represents one or more improvements over a device described in the inventor's pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/977,633, filed on Oct. 15, 2001, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An axial piston rotary power device of the invention comprises a stator portion and a rotor portion having a rotatable shaft extending along an axis of the device. The stator portion of the device comprises an external stator portion defining a generally cylindrical interior bounded by a back plate portion and a front plate portion that has a central throughhole within which the rotatable shaft is journaled. A middle portion of the external stator is preferably formed from a pair of diagonally-split mating elements. In addition, the stator comprises a cylindrical internal stator portion projecting from the back plate portion into the cylindrical interior along the axis of the device so as to define an annular space extending between the internal and external stator portions. The internal stator portion has a plurality of passageways within it, each of the passageways comprising a channel parallel to the axis and each of the channels communicating with at least one respective radially oriented port formed in the internal stator at a respective selected axial position. Yet another static portion of a preferred device is an axially undulating guide track surface that may comprise a surface protruding inwardly, by a predetermined amount, from the annular internal wall of the middle portion of the external stator of the device.

The rotor portion of the device comprises a cylindrical block having a medial annular cutout portion extending through its outer surface so as to form an annular recess. The block is fixedly attached to the shaft and rotatable within the annular space between the internal stator portion and the external stator portion and is arranged so that a protruding guide track surface attached to or forming a portion of the middle portion of the external stator fits into the annular cutout. This block has a central cylindrical bore adapted to receive the internal stator, and also includes a selected number of cylindrical cavities parallel to the axis of the device and spaced apart from that axis by a single selected radial distance. Each of the cylindrical cavities is divided into a pair of working cylinders axially separated from each other by a portion of the annular cutout. Each of these cylindrical cavities has a radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent each of its two ends. One of these end openings is associated with a working cylinder in the first set thereof and may communicate with the central cylindrical bore at a first selected axial position. The other end opening in each cylindrical cavity is associated with the associated working cylinder of the second set and may communicate with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position. Alternatively, working cylinders of the first set may comprise respective end openings communicating with the central bore at one selected axial position, and working cylinders of the second set may comprise axial end openings communicating with passages formed in one of the end plates of the external stator.

It will be recognized that either working cylinder arrangement can be described in terms of two sets of working cylinders aligned parallel to the axis of the device, wherein each of the sets comprises a circular array and wherein each cylinder in one set is axially aligned with a respective one of the working cylinders in the other set.

In addition, the annular surface of the cutout portion of the cylindrical block may include an equal number of axial cam grooves extending between ones of each pair of working cylinders. In an operating configuration, each pair of axially opposed working cylinders slidably receives a respective piston assembly. Each of the piston assemblies comprises two opposed cylindrical piston heads fixedly coupled by a middle portion which preferably comprises a pair of axially spaced apart roller cam followers receiving the protruding cam guide. In addition, the middle portion of the piston assembly preferably includes a detachable cam pin follower slidably engaging the cam groove. All of the roller cam followers engage the undulating protruding guide surface so as to couple a rotary motion of the block to the reciprocating translational motions of the pistons. If the pistons are driven to and fro within the cylinders by known means such as the expansion of an explosive air-fuel charge, or by the introduction of a pressurized working fluid, the rotary power device of the invention can function as an internal combustion engine, a fluid-driven compressor, a compound internal combustion and compressor, a fluid-driven motor or expander device providing output shaft power. Conversely, if the block is rotated by the application of a torque to the input shaft, the rotary power device of the invention can function as a pump or compressor.

One embodiment of the present invention provides an improved spark ignition rotary internal combustion engine which operates in a four-cycle mode and which overcomes problems presently encountered in the class of rotary engine having pistons positioned parallel to each other around a common axis of rotation. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an improved rotary internal combustion engine which operates in a two-cycle mode and which overcomes problems presently encountered in the class of rotary engines having pistons positioned parallel to each other around a common axis of rotation.

Another feature of a preferred rotary power device of the invention is that it can be easily converted to a different type of rotary power device by a simple modification or replacement of a central stationary member, cam profile or front end plate. Thus, one can convert an internal combustion engine of the invention into a rotary power device that can act as any one of a pump, a compressor, a fluid-driven pump, a fluid-driven compressor, a fluid-driven motor and an internal combustion-driven compressor

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a rotary power device having valveless ports.

A feature of some embodiments the invention is that they are light in weight, small in size and have a reduced part count when compared with prior art rotary power devices.

A benefit of some embodiments of the invention is that they provide a rotary power device that closely approximates continuous intake, compression, combustion and discharge processes.

Another benefit of some embodiments of the invention is that they provide a rotary power device characterized by reduced noise and vibration.

Although it is believed that the foregoing recital of features and advantages may be of use to one who is skilled in the art and who wishes to learn how to practice the invention, it will be recognized that the foregoing recital is not intended to list all of the features and advantages. Moreover, it may be noted that various embodiments of the invention may provide various combinations of the herein before recited features and advantages of the invention, and that less than all of the recited features and advantages may be provided by some embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1

is an exploded isometric view of a four-cycle rotary power device.

FIG. 2

is an isometric view of a four-cycle rotary power device of

FIG. 1

having quarter portions cut away from the rotor and an external stator for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 3

is an isometric view of the rotor-piston assembly of the rotary power device of

FIG. 1

, the view having portions cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 3

a

is an isometric view of an alternative rotor-piston assembly of the rotary power device of

FIG. 1

having portions cut away for purposes of illustration

FIG. 4

is an exploded isometric view of the cam and external stator of the four-cycle rotary power device of

FIG. 1

having the upper cam portion cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 4

a

is an exploded isometric view of the cam and external stator of the four-cycle rotary power device employing the alternative rotor-piston assembly of

FIG. 3

a

and having the upper cam portion cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 5

is an isometric view of the internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 1

functioning as a four-cycle internal combustion engine.

FIG. 5

s

is a side elevation view of the internal stator of FIG.

5

.

FIG. 5

a

is a sectional view taken along line

5

a

—

5

a

of

FIG. 5

s.

FIG. 5

b

is a sectional view taken along line

5

b

—

5

b

of

FIG. 5

s.

FIG. 6

is an exploded isometric view of the piston assembly of the rotary power device of FIG.

1

.

FIG. 7

is an isometric view of rotary power device of FIG.

1

.

FIG. 7

s

is a side elevation view of the rotary power device of FIG.

7

.

FIG. 7

e

is an end view of the rotary power device of FIG.

7

.

FIG. 8

is a sectional view taken along line

8

—

8

of

FIG. 7

e.

FIG. 9

a

is a sectional view taken along line

9

a

—

9

a

of

FIG. 7

s.

FIG. 9

b

is a sectional view taken along line

9

b

—

9

b

of

FIG. 7

s.

FIG. 10

is an isometric view of an alternative internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 1

, the device operating as a four-cycle pump, four-cycle compressor, four-cycle fluid-driven motor or four-cycle expander device.

FIG. 10

s

is a side elevation view of the alternative internal stator of FIG.

10

.

FIG. 10

a

is a sectional view taken along line

10

a

—

10

a

of

FIG. 10

s.

FIG. 10

b

is a sectional view taken along line

10

b

—

10

b

of

FIG. 10

s.

FIG. 10

c

is an isometric view of an alternative internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 1

employing the rotor-piston assembly of

FIG. 3

a

and the external stator of

FIG. 4

a

, the device operating as a compound four-cycle internal combustion engine or fluid compressor device.

FIG. 10

d

is an isometric view of an alternative internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 1

employing the rotor-piston assembly of

FIG. 3

a

and the external stator of

FIG. 4

a

, the device operating as a four-cycle fluid-driven compressor device.

FIG. 10

e

is an isometric view of an alternative front end plate of the alternative external stator of

FIG. 4

a

functioning as internal combustion-driven or fluid-driven compressor device.

FIG. 10

f

is an end view of the alternative front end plate of

FIG. 10

e.

FIG. 11

is an isometric view of an alternative two-cycle rotary power device operating as an internal combustion engine, the view having an portion of the rotor and external casing cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 11

a

is an isometric view of an alternative two-cycle rotary power device operating as a compound internal combustion engine or a compressor, the view having portions of the rotor and external casing cut away for purposes of illustration

FIG. 12

is an isometric view of a rotor-piston assembly of the rotary power device of

FIG. 11

, the view having portion of rotor cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 12

a

is an isometric view of rotor-piston assembly of the rotary power device of

FIG. 11

a

, the view having portions of the rotor cut away for purposes of illustration

FIG. 13

is an exploded isometric view of an alternative cam and external stator for a two-cycle power device, the view having a portion cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 13

a

is an exploded isometric view of an alternative cam and external stator for a two-cycle power device, the view having a portion cut away for purposes of illustration.

FIG. 14

is an isometric view of the rotary power device of FIG.

11

.

FIG. 14

s

is a side elevation view of FIG.

14

.

FIG. 14

e

is an end view of the rotary power device of FIG.

14

.

FIG. 15

is a sectional view taken along line

15

—

15

of

FIG. 14

e.

FIG. 16

a

is a sectional view taken along line

16

a

—

16

a

of

FIG. 14

s.

FIG. 16

b

is a sectional view taken along line

16

b

—

16

b

of

FIG. 14

s.

FIG. 17

is an isometric view of the internal stator of the rotary power device of FIG.

11

.

FIG. 17

s

is a side elevation view of the device of FIG.

17

.

FIG. 17

a

is a section view taken along line

17

a

—

17

a

of

FIG. 17

s.

FIG. 17

b

is a section view taken along line

17

b

—

17

b

of

FIG. 17

s

FIG. 17

c

is a section view taken along line

17

c

—

17

c

of

FIG. 17

s

FIG. 17

d

is a section view taken along line

17

d

—

17

d

of

FIG. 17

s

FIG. 17

e

is a section view taken along line

17

e

—

17

e

of

FIG. 17

s.

FIG. 18

is an isometric view of an alternative internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 11

, the device operating as two-cycle pump, compressor, fluid-driven motor or expander device.

FIG. 18

s

is a side elevation view of FIG.

18

.

FIG. 18

a

is a sectional view taken along line

18

a

—

18

a

of

FIG. 18

s.

FIG. 18

b

is a sectional view taken along line

18

b

—

18

b

of

FIG. 18

s.

FIG. 18

c

is a sectional view taken along line

18

c

—

18

c

of

FIG. 18

s.

FIG. 19

is an isometric view of the front plate of the rotary power device of

FIG. 11

a.

FIG. 19

e

is an end view of the front plate of FIG.

19

.

FIG. 20

a

is an alternative isometric view of an internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 11

a

, the device operating a compound two-cycle compressor and internal combustion engine.

FIG. 20

b

is an alternative isometric view of an internal stator of the rotary power device of

FIG. 11

a

, the device operating as fluid driven compressor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1-9

, illustrate the principles of this invention in embodiments configured as a four-cycle internal combustion engine.

FIGS. 11-17

illustrate the principles of this invention in embodiments configured as a two-cycle internal combustion engine. A complete reading of the disclosure will lead one skilled in the art will to understand that these same principles can be successfully employed to yield other devices, such as four-cycle and two-cycle pumps, compressors, fluid-driven motors, fluid-driven compressors, expander devices, and internal combustion-driven compressors. These devices are as shown in

FIGS. 3

a

,

4

a

,

10

,

10

a-f

,

11

a

,

12

,

12

a

,

18

,

19

,

20

a

and

20

b

, respectively, comprise a simple modification or replacement of the central stationary member and/or end front plate.

Referring to

FIGS. 1-9

, a depicted embodiment of the rotary power device

10

of the invention comprises a stationary housing

20

having a generally cylindrical interior. The housing, or external stator

20

, preferably comprises a middle portion comprising diagonally split cylindrical halves, comprising an upper half

12

a

and lower half

12

b

, forming a generally cylindrical interior that is closed off at its ends by a front end plate

14

a

, having a central throughhole opening

16

a

, and a back end plate

14

b

, having a central throughhole

16

b

. The diagonally split block can be joined along a line that is a diagonal of the cylindrical block

In some embodiments an end plate

14

a

, as shown in

FIG. 4

a

, may comprise four circular arcuate passages

29

a

,

29

b

,

29

c

and

29

d

formed into the inner surface of the plate (e.g., by a cutting operation) and connected to respective ports

31

a

,

31

b

,

31

c

, and

31

d

. These passages may comprise two diagonally opposed fluid intake passages alternated by two diagonally opposed discharge passages. Furthermore, the middle portions of the halves may be aligned by means of alignment pins

17

and corresponding holes

19

, and preferably include a multiplicity of cooling passages

15

through which a coolant medium may be circulated by using appropriate intake and discharge ports (not shown). In addition, the lower middle portion

12

b

preferably includes a passage

23

connected to a port

21

for supplying or withdrawing lubricant, which may serve as an internal cooling fluid in addition to providing a lubricating function. The end plates

14

a

and

14

b

are preferably secured to the middle portions

12

a

and

12

b

of the stationary housing by tie rods and bolts or other known fastening means (not shown). A generally cylindrical internal stator

50

extends along an axis

13

of the device into the interior of the housing

20

from the end plate central opening

16

b

and is fixedly attached to the back end plate

14

b

by bolts or other suitable fastening means (not shown).

A protruding cam is disposed within the cylindrical housing

20

and preferably comprises a pair of diagonally mating portions comprising an upper portion

18

a

and a lower portion

18

b

. Each cam portion, as shown in

FIG. 4

, is preferably formed as an inward surface protrusion extending from an inner surface of a middle portion of the housing

20

and having axially undulating guide track surfaces. In a four-cycle device, the cam surface comprises a first pair of points at which the guide track surface is a maximum distance from the back end plate

14

b

, and a second pair of points at which the guide track surface is a minimum distance from the back end plate

14

b

. These minima and maxima are disposed in alternating fashion.

The central internal stator

50

, as shown in FIG.

1

and

FIG. 5

, preferably comprises a cylindrical portion

52

extending coaxially through the interior, and an end flange portion

54

for fixedly attaching the stator to the end back plate

14

b

. Furthermore, the cylindrical portion

52

is preferably provided with four lateral cutout openings forming one pair of angularly adjacent intake and discharge ports

56

a

,

58

a

that are axially spaced apart from a similar second pair of angularly adjacent intake and discharge ports

56

b

,

58

b

. The two pairs

56

a

,

58

a

;

56

b

,

58

b

of ports are arranged to have a 90° angular phase shift relative to each other. Each port cutout opening is defined within an angular extension of approximately 90° and has an angularly varying radial depth profile. These lateral openings communicate with axial intake circular channels

62

and discharge annular channel

60

. In alternative embodiment (not shown) the intake ports communicate with an annular channel

60

and the discharge ports communicate with a circular discharge channel

60

. A first ignition port

66

a

is disposed approximately diametrically opposite to a corresponding angularly adjacent pair of intake and discharge ports

56

a

,

58

a

. A second, similar, ignition port

66

b

is disposed diametrically opposite to the intake and discharge ports

56

b

,

58

b

. These ignition ports

66

a

and

66

b

are connected to axial channels

64

a

and

64

b

and may comprise means for receiving igniters

76

a

,

76

b

, which may comprise spark plugs screwed into a threaded portion of the channel. An annular recess

70

for distribution of lubricant may also be provided in the internal stator portion

52

which is adapted to receive lubricant from port

74

communicating with axial channel

68

. Furthermore, two recesses

72

may be provided in order to receive sealing rings (not shown) that would enclose the lubricating recess

70

.

The rotor-piston assembly

40

is disposed in the generally annular space formed between the internal stator

50

and the inner wall of the external stator

20

. This assembly

40

, as shown in

FIG. 3

, comprises a cylindrical block

22

having a medial annular cutout or recess portion

24

enclosed between a pair of multiplicity of axially oriented working cylindrical bores

26

a

and

26

b

. Each of the working cylinders is parallel to and preferably equidistant from the axis

13

of the device and the working cylinders are preferably spaced at equal angular intervals surrounding the central bore

28

. Furthermore, the working cylinders

26

a

and

26

b

have inner end opening through the annular recess

24

and outer end openings closeable by cover ring plates

30

a

and

30

b

, respectively, that may be retained by fixture means (not shown). The lateral surface of the annular recess

24

may include a multiplicity of axial cam grooves

42

extending axially between two axially opposed working cylinders. The rotor assembly

40

preferably includes an axial shaft

38

fixedly attached to one end of the cylindrical block

22

and rotatably journaled within a bearing means

55

supported in the front end plate

14

a

. The shaft

38

extends outwardly through the end plate central opening

16

a

for transmitting output shaft power in versions of the rotary power device that are configured as engines and for receiving an input torque in versions of the rotary power device that are configured as pumps or compressors. In the example depicted in the drawing, there are twelve cylindrical cavities

45

disposed parallel to each other and to the axis of rotation of the shaft

38

. Each cylindrical cavity

45

comprises a pair of working cylinder

26

a

and

26

b

, each of which has respective radially inward openings

32

a

and

32

b

disposed adjacent their respective outer ends and communicating with the central bore

28

. Alternatively, as shown in

FIG. 3

a

, the working cylinders

26

a

adjacent the front plate, instead of having a radially inward end opening, may have an axial end opening through the front ring plate

30

a

that communicates with channels

29

a

,

29

b

,

29

c

and

29

d

in the front end plate.

A reciprocating piston assembly

100

, as shown in

FIGS. 1

,

2

,

3

and

6

, may be axially disposed within the annular recess having opposed cylinder heads, each slidingly engaging respective pistons in respective workings cylinders

26

a

and

26

b

. Each piston assembly comprises two opposed cylindrical heads

80

a

and

80

b

fixedly coupled by a middle portion

84

. The middle portion preferably includes a pair of axially spaced apart roller cam followers

82

a

and

82

b

supported by corresponding brackets

88

a

and

88

b

and by pins

90

a

and

90

b

. These roller cam followers make roller contact with the surfaces of the protruding cam track portions

18

a

and

18

b

. The middle portion

84

further includes a slot opening

92

adapted to receive a cam follower pin

86

for slidably engaging the axial cam groove

42

in the rotor annular recess. Ring recesses

94

a

and

94

b

may be provided to receive ring seals (not shown) in each piston head.

An understanding of the operation of the rotary power device

10

of the invention as a four-cycle internal combustion engine may be gained by reference to the depiction of

FIGS. 5

a

,

5

b

,

8

,

9

a

, and

9

b

. This engine may be started by means of a starter motor (not shown) temporarily connected to the shaft

38

to initiate the rotation of the rotor assembly

40

. Fluid pressure forces are transmitted from the heads of piston assemblies

100

to respective roller can followers

82

a

and

82

b

that are in rolling contact with the protruding cam track surfaces

18

a

and

18

b

to result in a normal reaction force. The tangential components of the normal reaction forces of these contact forces are transmitted to the axial cam groove

42

by means of cam follower pin

86

thereby developing a torque causing the rotation of the rotor assembly. At the same time, the piston assemblies

100

reciprocate in their respective working cylinders

26

a

and

26

b

. A step-by-step analysis of the process may begin with by recourse to a limiting position in which one working cylinder, say

26

a

, of a pair thereof is at its minimum operating volume. This exemplar starting position corresponds to the so-called top dead center (TDC) in a conventional engine. In this arrangement the working cylinder

26

a

is bounded by one piston head

80

a

and end cover plate

30

a

. As the piston element starts moving away from the end wall

30

a

it uncovers an end opening

32

a

in the respective cylinder, and an air/fuel mixture charge is drawn into the cylinder from the intake port

56

a

of the internal stator

50

as the rotor assembly

40

completes the first 90° of angular displacement. At this point the volume reaches a maximum, corresponding to the first bottom dead center (BDC) position in a conventional engine. During the second 90° of angular displacement of the rotor assembly, the piston head

80

a

starts moving back toward the end wall

30

a

while the end opening

32

a

is blocked by the wall portion

52

of the internal stator

50

, thereby compressing the air/fuel mixture to a minimum volume, corresponding to the second (TDC) position. At the beginning of the third 90° of angular displacement of the rotor assembly, the end opening

32

a

aligns itself with ignition port

66

a

so that a spark from a spark plug

76

a

can initiate combustion and power expansion. After the expansion the volume reaches its second maximum corresponding to the second (BDC) position in a conventional engine. During the fourth 90° of angular displacement of the rotor assembly, the opening

32

a

registers with the discharge port

58

a

as the piston head

80

a

moves toward the end wall

30

a

, thereby discharging combustion products as the piston moves towards its second TDC. The other end of the piston assembly

100

performs an identical cycle but with a 90° phase shift. For example, as one of the working cylinders in a cylindrical cavity

45

performs an intake stroke the paired working cylinder performs a compression stroke. As illustrated in

FIGS. 9

a

-

9

b

, the present rotary engine comprises two sets of working cylinders aligned parallel to the axis of the device, wherein each of the sets comprises a circular array and wherein each working cylinder in one set is axially aligned with a respective one of the working cylinders in the other set, each set comprising twelve working cylinders performing, in one revolution of the rotor assembly, the equivalent of twenty-four cylinders in two revolutions of the conventional four-cycle spark ignition engine.

A rotary power device of the invention may be cooled by means of primary and secondary cooling systems. The primary cooling system may comprise a lubricating fluid, such as oil, that is forced through an axial channel

68

in the internal stator, conveyed by radial port

74

to the lubricating annular recess

70

, and finally by means of lubricating holes

36

in groove cam

42

to the piston assemblies and rotor external surfaces. The lubricating fluid in the groove cam

42

is forced by the effect of centrifugal forces and friction forces to the protruding cam surfaces, working cylinder internal surfaces and into the clearance gap between the rotor exterior surfaces and inner surfaces of the external stator

20

. The lubricating fluid may be removed by means of a port

21

in the lower middle portion

12

b

of the external casing and then cooled by an external secondary cooling loop (not shown) before returning back to the channel

68

. Also, a secondary cooling fluid such as water, may be used by circulating it through jacket cooling passages

15

in the external casing

20

. The use of primary and secondary cooling system permits the heat transfer from the primary lubricating cooling fluid to the secondary non-lubricating cooling fluid.

The rotary power device can be easily converted to serve a different purpose other than the internal combustion engine by replacing the internal stator

50

with a modified internal stator Referring to

FIG. 10

,

10

s

,

10

a

and

10

b

, a rotary power device employing a modified central stator

50

a

can function as any one of a motor-driven compressor or pump, a fluid-driven motor, and an expander device operating in four-cycle mode. In this configuration, the internal stator comprises two sets of intake and discharge ports, where each set is defined in one plane transverse to the axis

13

and is axially spaced apart from a second plane that includes the second set. Moreover, each set is in alignment with respective working cylinders end opening

32

a

and

32

b

of the rotor assembly. Each set thus comprises two diagonally opposed intake ports alternated by another two diagonally opposed discharge ports. Each set forms a 90° angular displacement relationship with respect to the other set. Each intake and discharge ports is defined within approximately a 90° angular displacement. The four intake ports

56

a

,

56

b

,

56

c

, and

56

d

communicate with a common central axial intake conduit

62

, while the four discharge ports

58

a

,

58

b

,

58

c

,

58

d

communicate with the annular channel

60

. Alternately, (not shown) the four intake ports may communicate with the annular channel

60

while the four discharge ports communicate with the central channel

62

.

In the operation of the device depicted in

FIGS. 10

a

-

10

b

, as the rotor assembly completes one revolution, each piston assembly end performs four strokes, which comprise two intake strokes alternated by two discharge strokes. As one end of one piston assembly performs an intake stroke, the other end of the same piston assembly performs a discharge stroke. In functioning as a motor-driven pump or compressor, the rotor assembly is made to rotate by coupling the end shaft to a driving means such as a motor (not shown). The pistons reciprocate in response to the action of cam followers on the protruding cam surfaces, while end openings

32

a

and

32

b

of the working cylinders alternately register with intake and discharge ports of the internal stator

50

a

, thus performing intake and discharge functions. Alternately, the rotary device employing the internal stator shown in

FIG. 10

may function as a four-cycle fluid-driven motor or expander device. In such operating mode, a pressurized fluid is received in the axial intake channel

62

and subsequently routed to the operative ends of working cylinders

26

a

and

26

b

, thus transmitting an axial force through the piston heads and respective roller cam followers

82

a

and

82

b

. The tangential component of the reaction forces between the cam rollers and the protruding cam surfaces

18

a

and

18

b

is transmitted through the cam pin

86

in cam groove

42

to impart a torque on the rotor assembly, thus causing the rotation of the assembly. At the same time, reciprocation of the pistons results in discharging the depressurized fluid through channel

60

during the discharge phase of the cycle.

Still another embodiment of the four-stroke rotary power device is one that serves as a four stroke compound internal combustion engine and as a fluid compressor. This is accomplished by replacing the rotor assembly

40

with a modified rotor assembly

40

a

. The modified rotor assembly comprises a circular array of working cylinders

26

b

, each of which communicates with the central bore through a respective end opening

32

b

. The rotor assembly further comprises a second circular array of working cylinders

26

a

communicating through axial end openings

33

with four circular arc channels

29

a

,

29

b

,

29

c

and

29

d

embedded in the adjacent front plate

14

a

of the external stator. Further, in this embodiment, the internal stator

50

is replaced with a modified internal stator

50

b

, as shown in

FIG. 10

c

. The modified stator

50

b

comprises one intake port

56

, one exhaust port

58

and an ignition port

66

, each port communicating with end openings

32

b

in the circular array

26

b

of working cylinders. In operation, each working cylinders in the circular array

26

b

performs four strokes comprising intake, compression, power and discharge strokes as the rotor completes one revolution. In contrast, each working cylinders of the first set

26

a

function as a fluid compressor executing two fluid intake strokes alternated by two discharge strokes whereby axial end opening

33

alternately communicate with end plate intake passages

29

a

and

29

c

and discharge passages

29

b

and

29

d.

In addition to the above applications, the four-stroke rotary power device can be easily converted to serve as a four stroke fluid-driven compressor, pump or pressure exchanger device. In this application the external stator

20

is replaced with modified external stator

20

a

, as shown in

FIG. 4

a

. Also, the rotor assembly

40

is replaced with the modified rotor assembly

40

a

of

FIG. 3

a

. The modified rotor assembly comprises set of working cylinders

26

b

communicating with the central bore through respective end openings

32

b

. The rotor assembly further comprises a second set of working cylinders

26

a

communicating through axial end openings

33

with four circular arc channels

29

a

,

29

b

,

29

c

and

29

d

embedded in the adjacent front plate

14

a

of the external stator. Also, the internal stator

50

is replaced with internal stator

50

c

, as shown in

FIG. 10

d

, which comprises two diametrically opposed intake ports

56

b

and

56

d

alternated by two diametrically opposed exhaust ports

58

b

and

58

d

, each port communicating with end openings

32

b

in one set

26

b

of working cylinders. In operation, a highly pressurized fluid is conveyed to one set of working cylinders, say

26

b

, through an internal stator axial intake channel

62

, and is then discharged through an exhaust channel

60

. A second weakly pressurized fluid is conveyed to the second set of working cylinders

26

a

through end plate ports

31

a

and

31

d

connected to respective intake channels

29

a

and

29

d

and is discharged through channels

29

b

and

29

c

connected to respective ports

31

b

and

31

c

. An alternative arrangement (not shown) is possible wherein the highly pressurized fluid is conveyed to the first set

26

a

of working cylinders and the weakly pressurized fluid is conveyed to the other set

26

b

. The highly pressurized net fluid forces in one set of working cylinders is transmitted through pistons and cam tracks to cause rotation of the rotor and the pressurization of the weakly pressurized fluid in the second set of working cylinders. In this embodiment, each working cylinder perfumes two intake strokes alternated by two exhaust strokes.

Turning now to

FIGS. 11-17

, one finds an embodiment of the invention that can operate as a two-cycle internal combustion engine. The transformation of the four-cycle device previously disclosed to a two-cycle rotary internal combustion includes the following modifications. First, the two-cycle protruding cam

18

a

and

18

b

of

FIG. 4

, comprising two minima and two maxima points, is replaced with a one cycle cam track of

FIG. 13

comprising one minimum point and one maximum. With this modification each end of a piston assembly performs two strokes when the rotary assembly completes one revolution. Secondly, unlike the four-cycle rotary assembly case in which the end openings

32

a

and

32

b

perform both intake and exhaust functions, the two stroke engine of

FIG. 11

comprises an additional pair of radially inward medial openings

34

a

and

34

b

, as depicted in FIG.

12

. These medial openings are used only for the exhaust function, and the radially inward end openings

32

a

and

32

b

are used solely for intake. Thirdly, the internal central stator

50

is replaced with a modified central stator

50

d

shown in FIG.

17

.

The modified internal central stator

50

d

as shown in

FIG. 17

for a two-cycle internal combustion engine is similar to the internal stator

50

used in the four-cycle engine except for the disposition and angular extent of the intake and exhaust ports. In the two-cycle internal stator

50

d

, a pair of axially spaced apart intake ports and discharge ports

56

a

and

58

a

communicate with corresponding aligned openings

32

a

and

34

a

of the first set

26

a

of working cylinders. Correspondingly, a pair of axially spaced apart intake and discharge ports

56

b

and

58

b

communicate with aligned openings

32

b

and

3

b

of the second set

26

b

of working cylinders. To allow for purging of combustion products in this so called scavenging process, the exhaust port is made to have a wider angular displacement so that is overlaps the axially adjacent intake port. Secondly, each pair of axially adjacent intake and discharge ports is disposed at 180° relative to the other pair. In addition, the ignition ports

66

a

and

66

b

of the four-cycle engine are replaced with injection ports

66

a

and

66

b

in the two-cycle engine. As depicted in

FIG. 16

a

and

16

b

, an injection port

66

a

is disposed diagonally opposite to an intake port

56

a

, and similarly as injection port

66

b

is diagonally opposite its associated intake port

56

b

. Axial channels are provided, as in the four-cycle engine, to connect these ports to the exterior. Intake ports

56

a

and

56

b

may communicate with an annular axial channel

62

and exhaust ports

58

a

and

58

b

may communicate with an annular channel

60

. Alternately, (not shown) the intake ports

56

a

and

56

b

may communicate with an annular axial channel

60

and the exhaust ports

58

a

and

58

b

may communicate with the annular axial channel

62

. A common central axial channel

64

provides injection charges to injection ports

66

a

and

66

b

, respectively. The lubricating recess

70

receives lubricating cooling primary fluid through an axial channel

68

, and ring seal recesses

72

are adapted to receive ring seals (not shown).

The principle of imparting torque on the rotor is the same as in the four-cycle case. The tangential components of the reaction contact forces between roller cam followers

82

a

,

82

b

and the protruding cam surfaces

18

a

,

18

b

are transmitted through the cam pin

86

on the groove cam

42

to provide a rotating moment to the rotor. The resulting rotation of the rotor causes the piston assemblies to reciprocate in their respective working cylinders. Because of the one-cycle cam profile, each end of the piston assembly performs two strokes as the rotor moves through a single complete revolution. Each stroke of a piston assembly comprises a predominantly compression stroke at one end and a predominantly power stroke at the opposing end. As shown in

FIGS. 17

a

-

17

d

, the exhaust phase is defined over an angular extent including a portion subsequent to the power stroke and another portion preceding the compression stroke, while the intake phase includes an angular extent overlapped by an exhaust phase.

The operation of a two-cycle power device as an internal combustion engine is illustrated with respect to the internal stator

50

d

by means of

FIG. 17

a

through

17

d

. When one of the working cylinders approaches a minimum volume position, injection and auto-ignition occur through ports

66

a

and

66

b

. At the same time, the axially opposite working cylinder is approaching its maximum volume position whereby exhaust followed by purging of products of combustion by portion of the intake air takes place. In the purging operation, the intake port

56

a

and

56

b

overlaps with the respective exhaust port

58

a

and

58

b

. Because of the larger angular displacement of the discharge port, a portion of the intake air is used to displace leftover products of combustion in the so-called scavenging process while the remainder is used for compression.

In addition to the internal combustion engine embodiment discussed above, a two-cycle rotary power device of the invention can serve as a pump, compressor, fluid-driven motor or an expander device by replacing the central internal stator member with a stator of the sort shown in FIG.

18

. The internal stator

50

e

depicted in

FIGS. 18

,

18

s

,

18

a

and

18

b

comprises one pair of axially spaced apart intake ports

56

a

,

56

b

communicating with the central intake channel

62

, and a second pair of axially spaced apart discharge ports

58

a

,

58

b

communicating with an annular discharge channel

60

. Alternatively, (not shown) the internal stator

50

d

may comprise one pair of axially displaced intake ports

56

a

,

56

b

communicating with an annular intake channel

60

, and a second pair of axially displaced discharge ports

58

a

,

58

b

communicating with a central discharge channel

62

. Each port is defined within 180° of angular displacement, and each angularly adjacent pair of intake and discharge ports forms a 180° phase angular relationship with respect to the other axially displaced pair. In functioning as a pump or compressor, the rotor assembly is made to rotate by coupling the end shaft

38

to a driving means such as a motor (not shown). The piston assemblies, in response to the action of roller cam followers on protruding cam surfaces, reciprocate while openings

32

a

and

32

b

in respective working cylinders alternatively register with corresponding intake ports (

56

a

,

56

b

) and discharge ports (

58

a

,

58

b

) of the internal stator

50

e

, thus performing intake and discharge functions. Each time the rotor completes a 180° angular displacement, each piston assembly completes one stroke, performing a simultaneous intake stroke in one circular array of working cylinders and a discharge stroke in the other array of working cylinders. In functioning as a fluid-driven motor, pressurized fluid received in the axial intake channel

62

is routed to respective ends of working cylinders to cause the reciprocation of the pistons assemblies

100

in respective working cylinders. At the same time, the action of the roller cam followers

82

a

and

82

b

on the protruding cam surfaces

18

a

,

18

b

imparts a torque on the rotor assembly. In the process, potion of the fluid pressure energy is converted into mechanical rotational energy through the shaft and another portion remains as residual energy in the discharging fluid.

Still another embodiment of the present invention is a rotary power device that can serve as a two-cycle compound internal combustion engine as shown in

FIGS. 11

a

and

12

a

. In this embodiment a first set of working cylinders

26

a

communicates with the exterior through axial end opening

33

within the working cylinders. Each end opening

33

alternately communicates with semicircular intake and discharge channels

29

a

and

29

b

. These channels are cut into the inner face of the front plate

14

a

, and each channel has a respective intake and discharge port

31

a

and

31

b

. The second set of working cylinders

26

b

communicates with the internal stator

50

f

, as shown in

FIG. 20

a

, through radial openings

32

,

34

and functions as a two-cycle internal combustion engine while the first set of working cylinders

26

a

serve as a two-cycle compressor.

Alternatively, the above device can serve as a two-cycle fluid-driven compressor by replacement of the internal stator

50

f

with another internal stator

50

g

shown in

FIG. 20

b

. In this case, a first array of working cylinders

26

a

communicates with the exterior though axial end opening

33

within the working cylinders. Each end opening

33

alternately communicates with semicircular intake and discharge channels

29

a

and

29

b

. The second array of working cylinders

26

b

comprises respective end radial openings

32

that alternately register with an intake port

56

and a discharge port

58

of the internal stator

50

g

. In functioning as a fluid-driven compressor, a higher pressure fluid supplied to one set of working cylinders may be used to compress or pump a second fluid of lower pressure supplied to the second set of working cylinders.

As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various embodiments other than those described in detail in the specification are possible without departing from the scope of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the invention is to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An axial piston rotary power device comprising a stator portion and a rotor portion, the rotor portion comprising a rotatable shaft extending along an axis of the device,the stator portion comprising: an external stator portion defining a generally cylindrical interior; the external stator portion comprising a middle portion, a back plate portion forming one of two ends of the generally cylindrical interior, and a front plate portion forming the second end of the generally cylindrical interior, the front plate portion having a central throughhole within which the rotatable shaft is journaled; a cylindrical internal stator portion projecting from the back plate portion into the cylindrical interior along the axis of the device so as to define an annular space extending between the internal and external stator portions, the internal stator portion having a plurality of passageways formed therein, at least one of the passageways comprising an inlet passageway, at least one of the passageways comprising an exhaust passageway, each of the passageways comprising a channel parallel to the axis, at least two of the channels communicating with at least one respective radial port formed in the internal stator portion at a respective selected axial position; and an axially undulating guide surface extending into the annular space from the middle portion of the external stator portion; the rotor portion further comprising: a cylindrical block fixedly attached to the shaft, the block rotatable within the annular space between the internal stator portion and the external stator portion, the block comprising a medial annular recess for receiving the axially undulating guide surface, the block comprising a central cylindrical bore for receiving the internal stator, the block further comprising a selected number of cylindrical cavities parallel to the axis of the device and spaced apart therefrom by a single selected radial distance, each cavity comprising an axially spaced pair of working cylinders, each working cylinder having a respective medial end communicating with the annular recess and a respective closeable outer end adjacent a respective one of the front plate and back plate portions of the external stator portion, at least one working cylinder in each pair thereof having a radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent the respective outer end thereof, each of the end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a selected axial position; and the selected number of piston assemblies, each piston assembly slidably received in a respective one of the cylindrical cavities; each piston assembly having a respective piston head at each of two ends thereof and a respective middle portion extending between the two piston heads, each piston assembly comprising at least one respective pair of rotatable roller cam followers for following the axially undulating cam track surface, each piston assembly further comprising a respective cam follower pin for slidably engaging a respective axial groove formed in a wall of the respective cylindrical cavity.
2. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein the axially undulating guide surface comprises a protruding portion of an inner surface of the middle portion of the external stator.
3. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein the axially undulating guide surface comprises two separate portions attached to each other along a line extending diagonally across the cylindrical block.
4. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein:the axially undulating cam surface comprises a first pair of points at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate and a second pair of points at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; the first of each pair of working cylinders has a respective first radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent a respective outer end of the respective first cylinder, each of the first end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a first selected axial position; the second of each pair of working cylinders has a respective second radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent a respective outer end of the respective second cylinder, each of the second end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position; the at least one inlet passageway comprises at least two inlet ports, each of the first and second end openings communicating exactly once with one of the two inlet ports during the course of each rotation of the block; the at least one exhaust passageway comprises at least two exhaust ports, each of the first and second end openings communicating exactly once with one of the two exhaust ports during the course of each rotation of the block; and the plurality of passageways further comprises two ignition passageways, a first of the ignition passageways comprising a first ignition port at the first selected axial position, the first ignition port communication with each first end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block, the second of the ignition passageways comprising a second ignition port at the second selected axial position, the second ignition port communicating with each second end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block, wherein each of the ignition ports comprises means for receiving a respective igniter; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as a four-cycle internal combustion engine.
5. The four-cycle rotary power device of claim 4 wherein the passageways comprise exactly one inlet passageway and exactly one exhaust passageway, one of the inlet and exhaust passageways comprising an axial channel, the other of the inlet and the exhaust passageways comprising an annular channel disposed about the axial channel.
6. The four-cycle rotary power device of claim 4 wherein the means for receiving an igniter comprises a threaded region of the respective ignition port.
7. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 whereinthe axially undulating guide surface comprises a first pair of points at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate and a second pair of points at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; the first of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective first radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent a respective outer end of the respective first cylinder, each of the first end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a first selected axial position; the second of each pair of working cylinders has a respective second radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent a respective counter end of the respective second cylinder, each of the second end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position; the at least one inlet passageway comprises first and second diagonally opposed radial inlet ports at the first selected axial position, each of the first and second radial inlet ports communicating with each first end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block, the at least one inlet passageway further comprising third and fourth diagonally opposed radial inlet ports at the second selected axial position, each of the third and fourth radial inlet ports communicating with each second end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; and the at least one exhaust passageway comprises first and second diagonally opposed exhaust ports at the first selected axial position, each of the first and second exhaust ports communicating with each first end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block, the at least one exhaust passageway further comprising third and fourth diagonally opposed exhaust ports at the second selected axial position, each of the third and fourth exhaust ports communicating with each second end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; wherein the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as one of a four-cycle pump, a four-cycle compressor, a four-cycle fluid-driven compressor and a four-cycle fluid-driven motor.
8. The four-cycle rotary power device of claim 7 wherein the passageways comprise exactly one inlet passageway and exactly one exhaust passageway, one of the inlet and exhaust passageways comprising an axial channel, the other of the inlet and the exhaust passageways comprising an annular channel disposed about the axial channel.
9. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 whereinthe axially undulating cam surface comprises a first pair of points at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate portion and a second pair of points at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; the first of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent one of the two end plate portions, each of the radially inwardly directed end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at the selected axial position; the second of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective axial end opening communicating with the second of the two end plate portions; the at least one inlet passageway comprises a pair of diagonally opposed radial inlet ports, each of the radial inlet ports communicating with each of the radially inwardly directed end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; the at least once exhaust passageway comprises a pair of diagonally opposed radial exhaust ports, each of the radial exhaust ports communicating with each of the radially inwardly directed end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; the plurality of passageways further comprises one ignition port for receiving an igniter, the ignition port communicating with each radially inwardly directed end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; and wherein the second end plate portion further comprises: two diagonally opposed fluid intake passageways, each of which communicates with each of the axial end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; and two diagonally opposed fluid exhaust passageways, each of which communicates with each axial end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as a compound four-cycle internal combustion engine driving a fluid compressor.
10. The axial piston rotary device of claim 9 wherein the passageways in the second end plate portion comprise a first and a second diagonally opposed circular arc intake passageway alternated by a third and a fourth diagonally opposed circular arc exhaust passageway, each of the first through fourth circular arc passageways comprising a respective groove formed in the inner face of the second end plate portion, each of the first through fourth circular arc passageways connected to a respective port.
11. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 whereinthe axially undulating guide surface comprises a first pair of points at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate and a second pair of points at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; a first of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent a first of the end plate portions, each of the radially directed end openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at the selected axial position; the second of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective axial end opening extending through its closeable outer end, each axial end opening communicating with a passage in the second end plate portion; the at least one inlet passageway comprises a pair of diagonally opposed radial inlet ports, each of the inlet ports communicating with each of the radially directed end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; the at least one exhaust passageway comprises a pair of diagonally opposed radial exhaust ports, each of the exhaust ports communicating with each of the radially inwardly directed end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; and wherein the second end plate portion comprises: two diagonally opposed fluid intake passageways, each fluid intake passageway communicating with each axial end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; and two diagonally opposed fluid exhaust passageways, each of the fluid exhaust passageways communicating with each axial end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as one of a four-cycle fluid-driven compressor and a four-cycle fluid-driven pump.
12. The axial piston rotary device of claim 11 wherein:the passageways in the second end plate portion of the external stator comprise first and second diagonally opposed circular arc intake passages alternated by third and fourth diagonally opposed circular arc exhaust passages; each of the circular arc passageways comprises a respective groove formed in an inner face of the second end plate portion of the external stator; and each circular arc passageway is connected to a respective port.
13. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein:the axially undulating guide surface comprises exactly one point at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate portion and exactly one point at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; each of the cylindrical cavities comprises four axially spaced radially inwardly directed openings, each of the openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a corresponding one of four selected axial positions, wherein the first and the fourth of the axial positions are respectively adjacent the two end plate portions of the external stator, wherein the second axial position is intermediate the first and the third positions and wherein the third position is intermediate the second and the fourth positions; the at least one inlet passageway comprises an air inlet passageway comprising a first radial air inlet port at the first of the four selected axial positions, the first radial air inlet port communicating with the first radial opening in each cylindrical cavity exactly once during each rotation of the block, the at least one air inlet passageway further comprising a second radial air inlet port at the fourth selected axial position, the second radial air inlet port communicating with the fourth of the radial openings in each cylindrical cavity exactly once during each rotation of the block; the at least one exhaust passageway comprises a first exhaust port at the second axial position, the first exhaust port communicating with the second radial opening in each cylindrical cavity exactly once during each rotation of the block, and a second exhaust port at the third selected axial position, the second exhaust port communicating with the third radial opening in each cylindrical cavity exactly once during each rotation of the block; and the plurality of passageways further comprises at least one fuel injection passageway comprising at least one fuel injection channel and at least two fuel injection ports, a first fuel injection port disposed at the first selected axial position diagonally opposite the first inlet port, the first fuel injection port communicating with each first radial opening exactly once during each rotation of the block, the second of the fuel injection passageways comprising a second fuel injection port disposed at the fourth axial position diagonally opposite the second inlet port, the second fuel injection port communicating with each fourth radial opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as a two-cycle internal combustion engine.
14. The two-cycle rotary power device of claim 13 comprising exactly one inlet passageway, exactly one exhaust passageway and one axial fuel injection passageway, each of the inlet and exhaust passageways comprising respective channels disposed about the axial fuel injection channel.
15. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein:the axially undulating guide surface comprises exactly one point at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate portion and exactly one point at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; each working cylinder in each pair thereof comprises a respective radially inwardly directed opening adjacent a respective outer end thereof, each of the radially inwardly directed openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a respective one of a first and a second selected axial positions; the at least one inlet passageway comprises a first radial inlet port at the first selected axial position, the first radial inlet port communicating with the respective radially inwardly directed opening in a first of each pair of working cylinders exactly once during each rotation of the block, the at least one inlet passageway further comprising a second radial inlet port at the second selected axial position, the second radial inlet port communicating with the respective radially inwardly directed opening in the second of each pair of working cylinders exactly once during each rotation of the block; and the at least one exhaust passageway comprises a first exhaust port at the first selected axial position, the first exhaust port communicating with the respective radially directed opening in each of the first of each pair of working cylinders exactly once during each rotation of the block, the at least one exhaust passageway further comprising a second exhaust port at the second selected axial position, the second exhaust port communicating with the respective radially directed opening in each of the second of each pair of working cylinders exactly once during each rotation of the block; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as one of a two-cycle pump, a two-cycle compressor, and a two-cycle fluid-driven motor.
16. The two-cycle rotary power device of claim 15 comprising a single inlet passageway and a single exhaust passageway, one of the inlet and exhaust passageways comprising an axial channel, the other of the inlet and the exhaust passageways comprising an annular channel disposed about the axial channel.
17. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein:the axially undulating guide surface comprises exactly one point at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate and exactly one point at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; the first of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective first radially inwardly directed end opening adjacent the outer end thereof, each of the first radially inwardly directed openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a first selected axial position; the first of each pair of working cylinders further comprises a respective second radially inwardly directed opening axially spaced apart from the respective first radially inwardly directed end opening, wherein each of the second radially inwardly directed end openings communicates with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position more distal from a first of the two end plate portions than is the first selected axial position; the second of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective axial end opening extending through the closeable outer end thereof, each of the axial end openings communicating with at least the second of the two end plate portions of the external stator; the at least one inlet passageway comprises a first radial air inlet port at the first selected axial position, the first radial air inlet port communicating with each of the first radially inwardly directed openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; the at least one exhaust passageway comprises a first exhaust port at the second selected axial position, the first exhaust port communicating with each of the second radially inwardly directed openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; the plurality of passageways further comprises one fuel injection passageway comprising a fuel injection port disposed at the first selected axial position diagonally opposite the first inlet port, said injection port communicating with each of the first radial inwardly directed openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; and wherein the second end plate portion further comprises: a fluid intake passageway communicating with each axial end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; and a fluid exhaust passageway communicating with each axial end opening exactly once during each rotation of the block; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as a compound two-cycle internal combustion engine and fluid compressor.
18. The axial piston rotary device of claim 17 wherein the fluid intake and fluid exhaust passageways comprise semicircular grooves formed in an inner face of the second end plate portion of the external stator.
19. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 1 wherein:the axially undulating guide surface comprises exactly one point at which the surface is a maximum distance from the back plate and exactly one point at which the surface is a minimum distance therefrom; the first of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective radially inwardly directed opening adjacent a first of the two end plate portions of the external stator, each of the radially inwardly directed openings communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a selected axial position; the second of each pair of working cylinders comprises a respective axial end opening extending through the closeable outer end thereof, each axial end opening communicating with the second end plate portion of the external stator; the at least one inlet passageway comprises a radial inlet port at the selected axial position, the radial inlet port communicating with each of the radially inwardly directed openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; the at least one exhaust passageway comprises an exhaust port at the selected axial position, the exhaust port communicating with each of the radially inwardly directed openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; and wherein the second end plate portion further comprises: at least one fluid intake passageway communicating with each of the axial end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; and at least one fluid exhaust passageway communicating with each of the axial end openings exactly once during each rotation of the block; whereby the axial piston rotary power device is adapted to function as one of a two-cycle fluid-driven compressor and a two-cycle fluid-driven pump.
20. The axial piston rotary power device of claim 19 wherein each of the fluid intake and fluid exhaust passageways comprises a semicircular groove formed in the inner face of the second end plate portion of the external stator.
21. The rotary power device of claim 1 wherein the internal stator portion further comprises at least one axial lubrication passageway for supplying lubricant fluid to a clearance space between the central stator portion and the block.
22. The rotary power device of claim 1 wherein the external stator portion comprises at least one passageway for supplying lubricant fluid to and for withdrawing lubricant fluid from the annular rotor recess.
23. A four-cycle internal combustion engine having an output shaft fixedly attached to a cylindrical block rotatable about an axis of the shaft and received within an external portion of a stator, the external portion of the stator having an axially undulating guide surface fixed thereto, the axially undulating guide surface comprising a first pair of points at which the surface is a maximum axial distance from a first selected axial position and a second pair of points at which the surface is a minimum axial distance from the first selected axial position;the cylindrical block comprising: a central cylindrical bore extending through the block along an axis of the shaft; a medial annular recess extending through an outer cylindrical wall of the cylindrical block; a selected number of cylindrical cavities parallel to the shaft and disposed at a single radial distance from the axis, each cylindrical cavity comprising a pair of working cylinders axially spaced apart on opposite sides of the medial annular recess; each working cylinder having an inner end proximal the medial annual recess and open thereto, each working cylinder having a closeable outer end distal from the medial annular recess, each of the working cylinders having a respective radially inwardly directed opening adjacent the closeable end thereof, the radially inwardly directed opening of one working cylinder in each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at the first selected axial position, the radially inwardly directed opening associated with the second working cylinder in the each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position; the selected number of piston assemblies, each piston assembly slidably received in a respective cylindrical cavity; each piston assembly comprising two axially spaced apart piston heads having a respective middle portion extending therebetween, each middle portion comprising at least a respective pair of rotatable roller cam followers for following the axially undulating guide surface received in the medial annual recess, each middle portion further comprising a respective cam follower pin for slidably engaging a respective axial groove formed in a wall of the respective cylindrical cavity; the engine further comprising an internal portion of the stator received in the cylindrical bore of the cylindrical block, the internal portion of the stator having a plurality of passageways formed therein, each of the passageways comprising a channel parallel to the axis of the shaft, each of the channels communicating with at least one respective radial port formed in the internal stator at one of the selected axial positions, at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising an inlet passageway, a second at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising an exhaust passageway, and two of the passageways comprising ignition passageways comprising respective ignition ports, each of the ignition ports comprising means for receiving an igniter therein.
24. The four-cycle internal combustion engine of claim 23 wherein the axially undulating guide surface comprises a protrusion from an inner surface of the external portion of the stator.
25. The four-cycle internal combustion engine of claim 23 wherein the axially undulating guide surface comprises two separate portions attached to each other along a line that is a diagonal of the cylindrical block.
26. The four-cycle internal combustion engine of claim 23 wherein the means for receiving an igniter comprises a threaded portion of each ignition port.
27. A two-cycle internal combustion engine having an output shaft fixedly attached to a cylindrical block rotatable about an axis of the shaft and received within an external portion of a stator having an axially undulating guide surface fixed thereto, the axially undulating guide surface comprising exactly one point at which the surface is a maximum axial distance from a first selected axial position and exactly one point at which the surface is a minimum axial distance from the first selected axial position;the cylindrical block comprising: an outer wall comprising a medial annular recess for receiving the axially undulating guide surface; a central cylindrical bore for receiving an internal portion of the stator, the central cylindrical bore extending through the block along the axis; a selected number of cylindrical cavities parallel to the shaft and disposed at a single radial distance from the axis, each cylindrical cavity further comprising a pair of working cylinders axially spaced apart on opposite sides of the medial annular recess; each working cylinder having an inner end proximal the medial annual recess and open thereto, each working cylinder having a closeable outer end distal from the medial annular recess, each of the working cylinders having a respective radially inwardly directed outer end opening adjacent the closeable end thereof, the outer end opening of a first working cylinder in each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at the first selected axial position, the outer end opening associated with the second working cylinder in the each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position; each of the working cylinders further having a respective radially inwardly directed medial end opening adjacent the inner end thereof, the respective medial end opening of the first working cylinder in each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a third selected axial position closer to the first axial position than to the second, the respective medial end opening of the second working cylinder in each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a fourth selected axial position closer to the second axial position than to the first; each of the cylindrical cavities further comprising a respective axial groove extending between its associated pair of working cylinders; the selected number of piston assemblies, each piston assembly slidably received in a respective cylindrical cavity; each piston assembly comprising two axially spaced apart piston heads having a respective middle portion extending therebetween, each middle portion comprising at least a respective pair of rotatable roller cam followers for following the axially undulating guide surface received in the medial annual recess, each middle portion further comprising a respective cam follower pin for slidably engaging a respective axial groove formed in a wall of the respective cylindrical cavity; wherein the engine further comprises: a plurality of passageways formed in the internal stator, each of the passageways comprising a channel parallel to the axis of the shaft, each of the channels communicating with at least one respective radial port formed in the internal stator at one of the selected axial positions, at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising an inlet passageway, a second at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising an exhaust passageway, and at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising a fuel injection passageway.
28. The two-cycle internal combustion engine of claim 27 wherein the axially undulating protruding guide surface comprises a protrusion extending from an inner surface of a middle portion of the external portion of the stator.
29. The two-cycle internal combustion engine of claim 27 wherein the axially undulating guide surface is comprised of two separate portions joined along a line that is a diagonal of the cylindrical block.
30. An axial piston rotary power device operable as one of a compressor and a pump, the device having an input shaft fixedly attached to a cylindrical block rotatable about an axis of the shaft within an external portion of a stator, the external portion of the stator comprising a middle portion having a generally cylindrical interior and two end plate portions spaced apart by the middle portion;wherein the cylindrical block comprises: an outer wall comprising a medial annular recess for receiving an axially undulating guide surface portion of the external portion of the stator and a central cylindrical bore for receiving an internal stator portion of the stator, the central cylindrical bore extending through the block along an axis of the shaft; a selected number of cylindrical cavities parallel to the shaft and disposed at a single radial distance from the axis thereof, each cavity comprising a pair of working cylinders axially spaced apart on opposite sides of the medial annular recess, each working cylinder having an inner end proximal the medial annual recess and open thereto, each working cylinder having a closeable outer end distal from the medial annular recess, each of the working cylinders having a respective radially inwardly directed opening adjacent the closeable end thereof, the respective radially inwardly directed opening of one working cylinder in each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a first selected axial position, the respective radially inwardly directed opening associated with the second working cylinder in the each pair thereof communicating with the central cylindrical bore at a second selected axial position; the selected number of piston assemblies, each piston assembly slidably received in a respective cylindrical cavity; each piston assembly comprising two axially spaced apart piston heads having a respective piston middle portion extending therebetween, each piston middle portion comprising at least a respective pair of rotatable roller cam followers for following the axially undulating guide surface received in the medial annual recess, each piston middle portion further comprising a respective cam follower pin for slidably engaging a respective axial groove formed in a wall of the respective cylindrical cavity; wherein the compressor further comprises: a plurality of passageways formed in the internal stator portion, each of the passageways comprising a channel parallel to the axis of the shaft, each of the channels communicating with at least one respective radial port formed in the internal stator at one of the selected axial positions, at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising an inlet passageway, a second at least one of the plurality of passageways comprising an exhaust passageway; and wherein the axially undulating guide surface has a selected number, equal to or greater than one, of points at which the surface is a maximum axial distance from the first selected axial position and the selected number of points at which the surface is a minimum axial distance from the first selected axial position.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of the inventor's U.S. Ser. No. 09/977,633 filed on Oct. 15, 2001.

US Referenced Citations (10)

Number	Name	Date	Kind
1209995	Ord	Dec 1916	A
1774713	Jahn et al.	Sep 1930	A
1945727	Braunwalder	Feb 1934	A
2949100	Petersen	Aug 1960	A
3068709	Petersen	Dec 1962	A
3945359	Asaga	Mar 1976	A
5103778	Usich, Jr.	Apr 1992	A
5209190	Paul	May 1993	A
6145429	Paul	Nov 2000	A
6155214	Manthey	Dec 2000	A

Continuation in Parts (1)

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	09/977633	Oct 2001	US
Child	10/017980		US

Axial piston rotary power device

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CPC

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Abstract

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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

US Referenced Citations (10)

Continuation in Parts (1)