Patent Application
20190309643
The present disclosure is directed to blade outer air seals (BOAS) for use with gas turbine engines.
Gas turbine engines, such as those that power modern commercial and military aircraft, may include a fan section to propel the aircraft, a compressor section to pressurize a supply of air from the fan section, a combustor section to burn fuel in the presence of the pressurized air, and a turbine section to extract energy from the resultant combustion gases and to generate thrust.
The compressor section and turbine section each have multiple stages of rotors that rotate about a central axis and multiple stages of stators that are stationary relative to the central axis. A blade outer air seal is positioned radially outward from the rotors and forms a seal with the rotors to increase efficiency of the corresponding compressor section or turbine section.
Disclosed herein is a blade outer air seal (BOAS). The BOAS includes an inner surface configured to contact a core airflow of a gas turbine engine having an axis. The BOAS also includes an outer surface. The BOAS also includes at least one rib extending in an axial direction along the outer surface and having a height in a radial direction that is at least twice as large as a width of the at least one rib in a circumferential direction.
Any of the foregoing embodiments may also include a plurality of warts extending outward from the outer surface.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, each of the plurality of warts has a conical portion and a spherical portion located radially outward from the conical portion.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the at least one rib includes two ribs spaced apart in the circumferential direction.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the plurality of warts includes a first plurality of warts located circumferentially between a first rib of the two ribs and a second rib of the two ribs, and a second plurality of warts and a third plurality of warts each located circumferentially outward from the two ribs.
Any of the foregoing embodiments may also include a first hook and a second hook each extending radially outward from the outer surface and configured to attach the BOAS to a shroud block, wherein the at least one rib extends from the first hook to the second hook.
Any of the foregoing embodiments may also include an abradable material coupled to the inner surface and configured to be abraded by a tip of a rotor blade.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the height of the at least one rib is at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm).
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the at least one rib provides increased surface area to more efficiently dissipate heat from the outer surface through convection.
Also disclosed is a blade outer air seal (BOAS). The BOAS includes an inner surface configured to contact a core airflow of a gas turbine engine having an axis. The BOAS also includes an outer surface. The BOAS also includes at least one rib extending in an axial direction along the outer surface. The BOAS also includes a plurality of warts extending outward from the outer surface.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the at least one rib has a height in a radial direction that is at least twice as large as a width of the at least one rib in a circumferential direction.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, each of the plurality of warts has a conical portion and a spherical portion located radially outward from the conical portion.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the at least one rib includes two ribs spaced apart in a circumferential direction.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the plurality of warts includes a first plurality of warts located circumferentially between a first rib of the two ribs and a second rib of the two ribs, and a second plurality of warts and a third plurality of warts each located circumferentially outward from the two ribs.
Any of the foregoing embodiments may also include a first hook and a second hook each extending radially outward from the outer surface and configured to attach the BOAS to a shroud block, wherein the at least one rib extends from the first hook to the second hook.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the at least one rib has a height in a radial direction that is at least 0.1 inches (2.54 mm).
Also disclosed is a compressor section or a turbine section of a gas turbine engine having an axis. The compressor section or the turbine section includes a rotor blade configured to rotate about the axis and having a tip. The compressor section or the turbine section also includes a blade outer air seal (BOAS). The BOAS includes an inner surface configured to form a seal with the tip of the rotor blade. The BOAS also includes an outer surface. The BOAS also includes at least one rib extending in an axial direction along the outer surface and having a height in a radial direction that is at least twice as large as a width of the at least one rib in a circumferential direction.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the BOAS further includes a plurality of warts extending outward from the outer surface.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the at least one rib includes two ribs spaced apart in the circumferential direction; and the plurality of warts includes a first plurality of warts located circumferentially between a first rib of the two ribs and a second rib of the two ribs, and a second plurality of warts and a third plurality of warts each located circumferentially outward from the two ribs.
In any of the foregoing embodiments, the BOAS further includes a first hook and a second hook each extending radially outward from the outer surface and configured to attach the BOAS to a shroud block; and the at least one rib extends from the first hook to the second hook.
The foregoing features and elements may be combined in various combinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation thereof will become more apparent in light of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, the following description and drawings are intended to be exemplary in nature and non-limiting.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, is best be obtained by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements.
The detailed description of exemplary embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments by way of illustration and their best mode. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the inventions, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical, chemical and mechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventions. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a singular embodiment or step. Also, any reference to attached, fixed, connected or the like may include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, full and/or any other possible attachment option. Additionally, any reference to without contact (or similar phrases) may also include reduced contact or minimal contact. Where used herein, the phrase “at least one of A or B” can include any of “A” only, “B” only, or “A and B.
With reference to
The gas turbine engine 20 may be a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22, a compressor section 24, a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28. Alternative engines may include other systems or features. In operation, the fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flow-path B while the compressor section 24 drives air along a core flow-path C for compression and communication into the combustor section 26 then expansion through the turbine section 28. Although depicted as a turbofan gas turbine engine 20 herein, it should be understood that the concepts described herein are not limited to use with turbofans as the teachings may be applied to other types of turbine engines including three-spool architectures and turboshaft or industrial gas turbines with one or more spools.
The gas turbine engine 20 generally comprise a low speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal axis X-X′ relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearing systems 38, 38-1, and 38-2. It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided, including for example, the bearing system 38, the bearing system 38-1, and the bearing system 38-2.
The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 that interconnects a fan 42, a low pressure (or first) compressor section 44 and a low pressure (or second) turbine section 46. The inner shaft 40 is connected to the fan 42 through a geared architecture 48 that can drive the fan shaft 98, and thus the fan 42, at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30. The geared architecture 48 includes a gear assembly 60 enclosed within a gear housing 62. The gear assembly 60 couples the inner shaft 40 to a rotating fan structure.
The high speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a high pressure (or second) compressor section 52 and the high pressure (or first) turbine section 54. A combustor 56 is located between the high pressure compressor 52 and the high pressure turbine 54. A mid-turbine frame 57 of the engine static structure 36 is located generally between the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 supports one or more bearing systems 38 in the turbine section 28. The inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50 are concentric and rotate via the bearing systems 38 about the engine central longitudinal axis X-X′, which is collinear with their longitudinal axes. As used herein, a “high pressure” compressor or turbine experiences a higher pressure than a corresponding “low pressure” compressor or turbine.
The core airflow C is compressed by the low pressure compressor section 44 then the high pressure compressor 52, mixed and burned with fuel in the combustor 56, then expanded over the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 includes airfoils 59 which are in the core airflow path. The turbines 46, 54 rotationally drive the respective low speed spool 30 and high speed spool 32 in response to the expansion.
The gas turbine engine 20 is a high-bypass ratio geared aircraft engine. The bypass ratio of the gas turbine engine 20 may be greater than about six (6:1). The bypass ratio of the gas turbine engine 20 may also be greater than ten (10:1). The geared architecture 48 may be an epicyclic gear train, such as a star gear system (sun gear in meshing engagement with a plurality of star gears supported by a carrier and in meshing engagement with a ring gear) or other gear system. The geared architecture 48 may have a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3 and the low pressure turbine 46 may have a pressure ratio that is greater than about five (5). The diameter of the fan 42 may be significantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor section 44, and the low pressure turbine 46 may have a pressure ratio that is greater than about five (5:1). The pressure ratio of the low pressure turbine 46 is measured prior to an inlet of the low pressure turbine 46 as related to the pressure at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are exemplary of various embodiments of a suitable geared architecture engine and that the present disclosure contemplates other turbine engines including direct drive turbofans.
The next generation turbofan engines are designed for higher efficiency and use higher pressure ratios and higher temperatures in the high pressure compressor 52 than are conventionally experienced. These higher operating temperatures and pressure ratios create operating environments that cause thermal loads that are higher than the thermal loads conventionally experienced, which may shorten the operational life of current components.
With reference now to
A blade outer air seal (BOAS) 208 is located radially outward from the first rotor blade 200. The high pressure turbine section 54 may include multiple BOASs 208 positioned adjacent each other circumferentially and surrounding the longitudinal axis X-X′ of
A shroud block 210 (which may also be referred to as a support 210) may be positioned radially outward from the BOAS 208 and may couple the BOAS 208 to the frame 214. The shroud block 210 may resist movement of the BOAS 208 relative to the frame 214. Stated differently, the shroud block 210 may retain the BOAS 208 in place relative to the frame 214.
Referring to
Referring to
In response to the inner surface 216 being exposed to the hot core airflow, the BOAS 208 may have a tendency to expand axially and circumferentially. The hooks 300, 302 may extend circumferentially along the outer surface 301 of the BOAS 208 and may resist circumferential expansion of the BOAS 208.
The BOAS 208 may further include at least one rib 303 extending axially along the outer surface 301. For example, the BOAS 208 may include a first rib 304 and a second rib 306 that each extend axially along the outer surface 301. In various embodiments, the ribs 303 may extend from the first hook 300 to the second hook 302. In various embodiments, the ribs 303 may at least one of extend axially forward of the first hook 300 or axially aft of the second hook 302. The ribs 303 may resist axial expansion of the BOAS 208 in response to the inner surface 216 being exposed to the core airflow C of
It may be desirable for the BOAS 208 to dissipate heat. In that regard, the ribs 303 may provide additional surface area for convention of heat away from the outer surface 301. The ribs 303 may each have a height 400 in the radial direction and a width 310 in the circumferential direction. In various embodiments, the height 400 may be at least twice as large as the width 310, may be at least 2.5 times as large as the width 310, or may be three times as large as the width 310. This ratio may provide a desirable surface area to achieve desirable convection of heat from the outer surface 301 of the BOAS 208, while providing desirable resistance of axial expansion of the BOAS 208.
In various embodiments, the height 400 may be at least 0.1 inches (2.54 millimeters (mm)), at least 0.12 inches (3.05 mm), or at least 0.15 inches (3.8 mm). For example, the width 310 may be 0.03 inches (0.76 mm), 0.05 inches (1.27 mm), or 0.07 inches (1.8 mm). For example, the height 400 may be 0.114 inches (2.90 mm) and the width 310 may be 0.05 inches (1.27 mm), resulting in a ratio of the height 400 to the width 310 being 2.28.
In various embodiments, the BOAS 208 may further include a plurality of warts 312 extending radially outward from the outer surface 301. The warts 312 may refer to undulations of the outer surface 301. The plurality of warts 312 may provide additional surface area for convection of heat away from the outer surface 301. The plurality of warts 312 may include a first plurality of warts 314 located circumferentially between the first rib 304 and the second rib 306, and a second plurality of warts 316 and a third plurality of warts 318 located circumferentially outward from the first rib 304 and the second rib 306.
Each of the plurality of warts 312 may have a conical portion 320 that extends outward from the outer surface 301, and may morph into a spherical portion 322 that is located radially outward from the conical portion 320. This combination of the conical portion 320 and the spherical portion 322 may result in a desirable surface area of each of the plurality of warts 312, thus increasing convection via the warts 312.
In various embodiments, the BOAS 208 (including the hooks 300, 302, the ribs 303, and the plurality of warts 312) may include a steel, a steel alloy, a cobalt, a cobalt alloy, a nickel, a nickel alloy, single-crystal material, or the like. For example, the BOAS 208 may include an austenitic nickel-chromium-based alloy (e.g., an alloy having a nominal composition of nickel fifty-eight percent (58%), chromium 20% to 23%, iron up to 5%, molybdenum between 8% to 10%, niobium (plus tantalum) between 3.15% to 4.15% that is available under the trade name INCONEL 625™, available from Special Metals Corporation of New Hartford, N.Y., USA). In various embodiments, BOAS 208 may include a high performance nickel-based super alloy (e.g., an alloy having a nominal composition of nickel 58%, chromium 19%, cobalt 13%, molybdenum 4%, titanium 3%, aluminum 1.4% that is available under the trade name Waspaloy™, also available from Special Metals Corporation of New Hartford, N.Y., USA). The abradable material 308 may be different than the material of the remainder of the BOAS 208 to allow abrasion in response to contact with the tip 212 of the rotor blade 200.
Referring now to
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the inventions. The scope of the invention is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C. Different cross-hatching is used throughout the figures to denote different parts but not necessarily to denote the same or different materials.
Systems, methods and apparatus are provided herein. In the detailed description herein, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “various embodiments”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments.
Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112(f), unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
This invention was made with Government support under W58RGZ-16-C-0046 awarded by the United States Army. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
