Azeotrope-like compositions containing fluoroethane

Abstract

The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions are useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions are useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether.

[0003] These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Fluorinated hydrocarbons have had many uses, such as aerosol propellants, blowing agents and refrigerants. These compounds include trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22).

[0005] In recent years it has been pointed out that certain kinds of fluorinated hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere may adversely affect the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this proposition has not yet been completely established, there is a movement toward the control of the use and the production of certain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) under an international agreement.

[0006] There is also a demand for aerosol propellants and blowing agents which have significantly less photochemical reactivity than hydrocarbons that contribute to the formation of ambient ozone and ground level smog. These compounds are typically referred to as low-VOC (volatile organic compound) or non-VOC.

[0007] Accordingly, there is a demand for the development of refrigerants that have a lower ozone depletion potential than existing refrigerants while still achieving an acceptable performance in refrigeration applications. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have been suggested as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs since HFCs have no chlorine and therefore have zero ozone depletion potential.

[0008] In refrigeration applications, a refrigerant is often lost during operation through leaks in shaft seals, hose connections, soldered joints and broken lines. In addition, the refrigerant may be released to the atmosphere during maintenance procedures on refrigeration equipment. If the refrigerant is not a pure component or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition, the refrigerant composition may change when leaked or discharged to the atmosphere from the refrigeration equipment. The change in refrigerant composition may cause the refrigerant to become flammable or to have poor refrigeration performance.

[0009] Accordingly, it is desirable to use as a refrigerant a single fluorinated hydrocarbon or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition that includes one or more fluorinated hydrocarbons.

[0010] Fluorinated hydrocarbons which are classified as low or non-VOC are also useful as aerosol propellants or blowing agents because they do not contribute significantly to ground level pollution.

[0011] Fluorinated hydrocarbons may also be used as cleaning agents or solvent to clean, for example, electronic circuit boards. It is desirable that the cleaning agents be azeotropic or azeotrope-like because in vapor degreasing operations the cleaning agent is generally redistilled and reused for final rinse cleaning.

[0012] Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions that include a fluorinated hydrocarbon are also useful as blowing agents in the manufacture of closed-cell polyurethane, phenolic and thermoplastic foams, as heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents or power cycle working fluids such as for heat pumps. These compositions may also be used as inert media for polymerization reactions, fluids for removing particulates from metal surfaces, as carrier fluids that may be used, for example, to place a fine film of lubricant on metal parts or as buffing abrasive agents to remove buffing abrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal. They are also used as displacement drying agents for removing water, such as from jewelry or metal parts, as resist developers in conventional circuit manufacturing techniques including chlorine-type developing agents, or as strippers for photoresists when used with, for example, a chlorohydrocarbon such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or trichloroethylene.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP), low global warming potential and are lower VOC than hydrocarbons. These compositions are also useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether. These compositions are used as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

[0014] Further, the invention relates to the discovery of binary azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride and a second component of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether, to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition. Azeotropes are highly desirable for refrigerants but not necessary for aerosol propellants.

[0015] The compounds of the present invention include the following components:

[0016] 1. fluoroethane (HFC-161, or CH3CH2F, boiling point=−38° C.),

[0017] 2. 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134, or CHF2CHF2, boiling point=−20° C.),

[0018] 3. 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a, or CF3CH2F, boiling point=−26° C.),

[0019] 4. 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, or CH3CHF2, boiling point=−25° C.),

[0020] 5. 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea, or CH3CHFCH3, boiling point=−11° C.),

[0021] 6. tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy, or (CH3)3CF, boiling point=12° C.),

[0022] 7. 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea, or CF3CHFCHF2, boiling point=6° C.),

[0023] 8. 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa, or CF3CH2CF3, boiling point=−1° C.),

[0024] 9. dimethylether (DME, or CH3OCH3, boiling point=−25° C.),

[0025] 10. butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3, boiling point=−0.5° C.),

[0026] 11. isobutane ((CH3)3CH, boiling point=−12° C.),

[0027] 12. propane (CH3CH2CH3, boiling point=−42° C.).

[0028] HFC-161 (CAS Reg. No. 353-36-6) and HFC-281ea (isopropyl fluoride, CAS Reg. No. 420-26-8) have been prepared by reaction of hydrogen fluoride with ethylene and propylene, respectively, as reported by Grosse and Lin in J. Org. Chem., Vol. 3, pp. 26-32 (1938).

[0029] 2-Fluoro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl fluoride, HFC-3-10-1y, CAS Reg. No. [353-61-7]) may be prepared by the reaction of t-butyl alcohol with aqueous hydrogen fluoride as discussed on page 689 of “Chemistry of Organic Fluorine Compounds” by Milos Hudlicky, 2nd. ed., 1976.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG. 1 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/HFC-134a at −14.15° C.;

[0031] FIG. 2 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/HFC-152a at −0.05° C.;

[0032] FIG. 3 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/HFC-281ea at −10° C.;

[0033] FIG. 4 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/HFC-3-10-1sy at −20° C.;

[0034] FIG. 5 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/butane at −20° C.;

[0035] FIG. 6 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/isobutane at −10° C.;

[0036] FIG. 7 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-161/DME at 0° C.;

[0037] FIG. 8 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-281ea/HFC-134a at −10° C.;

[0038] FIG. 9 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-281ea/HFC-152a at −10.01° C.;

[0039] FIG. 10 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-1sy at 0° C.;

[0040] FIG. 11 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-281ea/propane at −10° C.;

[0041] FIG. 12 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-281ea/DME at −9.95° C.;

[0042] FIG. 13 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134 at −21.7° C.;

[0043] FIG. 14 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134a at 0° C.;

[0044] FIG. 15 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-152a at 0° C.;

[0045] FIG. 16 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-236ea at −1.7° C.;

[0046] FIG. 17 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-236fa at −2.5° C.;

[0047] FIG. 18 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/butane at 0° C.;

[0048] FIG. 19 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane at 0° C.;

[0049] FIG. 20 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/propane at −20° C.;

[0050] FIG. 21 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/DME at −10° C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention relates to the following compositions:

[0052] (a) fluoroethane (HFC-161);

[0053] (b) 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea);

[0054] (c) tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy);

[0055] (d) HFC-161 and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); HFC-161 and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); HFC-161 and 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea); HFC-161 and tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy); HFC-161 and butane; HFC-161 and isobutane; or HFC-161 and dimethylether (DME);

[0056] (e) HFC-281ea and HFC-134a; HFC-281ea and HFC-152a; HFC-281ea and HFC-3-10-1sy; HFC-281ea and propane; or HFC-281ea and DME; or

[0057] (f) HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-134a; HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-152a; HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); HFC-3-10-1sy and butane; HFC-3-10-1sy and isobutane; HFC-3-10-1sy and propane; or HFC-3-10-1sy and DME.

[0058] 1-99 wt. % of each of the components of the compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents. Further, the present invention also relates to the discovery of azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of each of the above mixtures to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition.

[0059] By “azeotropic” composition is meant a constant boiling liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance. One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without compositional change. Constant boiling compositions are characterized as azeotropic because they exhibit either a maximum or minimum boiling point, as compared with that of the non-azeotropic mixtures of the same components.

[0060] By “azeotrope-like” composition is meant a constant boiling, or substantially constant boiling, liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance. One way to characterize an azeotrope-like composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without substantial composition change. Another way to characterize an azeotrope-like composition is that the bubble point vapor pressure and the dew point vapor pressure of the composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same.

[0061] It is recognized in the art that a composition is azeotrope-like if, after 50 weight percent of the composition is removed such as by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed is less than about 10 percent, when measured in absolute units. By absolute units, it is meant measurements of pressure and, for example, psia, atmospheres, bars, torr, dynes per square centimeter, millimeters of mercury, inches of water and other equivalent terms well known in the art. If an azeotrope is present, there is no difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed.

[0062] Therefore, included in this invention are compositions of effective amounts of:

[0063] (a) HFC-161 and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); HFC-161 and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); HFC-161 and 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea); HFC-161 and tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy); HFC-161 and butane; HFC-161 and isobutane; or HFC-161 and dimethylether (DME);

[0064] (b) HFC-281ea and HFC-134a; HFC-281ea and HFC-152a; HFC-281ea and HFC-3-10-1sy; HFC-281ea and propane; or HFC-281ea and DME; or

[0065] (c) HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-134a; HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-152a; HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); HFC-3-10-1sy and butane; HFC-3-10-1sy and isobutane; HFC-3-10-1sy and propane; or HFC-3-10-1sy and DME; such that after 50 weight percent of an original composition is evaporated or boiled off to produce a remaining composition, the difference in the vapor pressure between the original composition and the remaining composition is 10 percent or less.

[0066] For compositions that are azeotropic, there is usually some range of compositions around the azeotrope point that, for a maximum boiling azeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure higher than the pure components of the composition at that pressure and have vapor pressures at a particular temperature lower than the pure components of the composition at that temperature, and that, for a minimum boiling azeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure lower than the pure components of the composition at that pressure and have vapor pressures at a particular temperature higher than the pure components of the composition at that temperature. Boiling temperatures and vapor pressures above or below that of the pure components are caused by unexpected intermolecular forces between and among the molecules of the compositions, which can be a combination of repulsive and attractive forces such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding.

[0067] The range of compositions that have a maximum or minimum boiling point at a particular pressure, or a maximum or minimum vapor pressure at a particular temperature, may or may not be coextensive with the range of compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less than about 10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated. In those cases where the range of compositions that have maximum or minimum boiling temperatures at a particular pressure, or maximum or minimum vapor pressures at a particular temperature, are broader than the range of compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less than about 10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated, the unexpected intermolecular forces are nonetheless believed important in that the refrigerant compositions having those forces that are not substantially constant boiling may exhibit unexpected increases in the capacity or efficiency versus the components of the refrigerant composition.

[0068] Substantially constant boiling, azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of this invention comprise the following:

		WEIGHT RANGES	PREFERRED
COMPONENTS	T ° C.	(wt. %/wt/%)	(wt. %/wt. %)
HFC-161/HFC-134a	−20	1-99/1-99	10-90/10-90
HFC-161IHFC-152a	−30	1-99/1-99	10-90/10-90
HFC-161/HFC-281ea	−10	73-99/1-27	73-99/1-27
HFC-161/HFC-3-10-lsy	−20	75-99/1-25	75-99/1-25
HFC-161/butane	−20	67-99/1-33	67-99/1-33
HFC-161/isobutane	−20	52-99/1-48	52-99/1-48
HFC-161/DME	−30	1-99/1-99	10-90/10-90
HFC-281ea/HFC-134a	−10	1-99/1-99	10-90/10/90
HFC-281ea/HFC-152a	−20	1-99/1-99	10-90/10-90
HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-lsy	0	41-99/1-59	41-99/1-59
HFC-281ea/propane	−10	1-41/59-99	1-41/59-99
HFC-281ea/DME	−9.95	1-99/1-99	10-90/10-90
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134	−21.7	1-44/56-99	1-44/56-99
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134a	0	1-32/68-99	1-32/68-99
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-152a	0	1-30/70-99	1-30/70-99
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236ea	−1.7	11-60/40-89 and	11-60/40-89 and
		1-3/97-99	1-3/97-99
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa	−2.5	1-52/48-99	1-52/48-99
HFC-3-10-lsy/butane	0	1-99/1-99	10-90/10-90
HFC-3-10-lsy/isobutane	0	1-45/55-99 and	1-45/55-99 and
		89-99/1-11	89-99/1-11
HFC-3-10-lsy/propane	−20	1-19/81-99	1-19/81-99
HFC-3-10-lsy/DME	−10	1-42/58-99	1-42/58-99

[0069] For purposes of this invention, “effective amount” is defined as the amount of each component of the inventive compositions which, when combined, results in the formation of an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition. This definition includes the amounts of each component, which amounts may vary depending on the pressure applied to the composition so long as the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions continue to exist at the different pressures, but with possible different boiling points.

[0070] Therefore, effective amount includes the amounts, such as may be expressed in weight percentages, of each component of the compositions of the instant invention which form azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions at temperatures or pressures other than as described herein.

[0071] For the purposes of this discussion, azeotropic or constant-boiling is intended to mean also essentially azeotropic or essentially-constant boiling. In other words, included within the meaning of these terms are not only the true azeotropes described above, but also other compositions containing the same components in different proportions, which are true azeotropes at other temperatures and pressures, as well as those equivalent compositions which are part of the same azeotropic system and are azeotrope-like in their properties. As is well recognized in this art, there is a range of compositions which contain the same components as the azeotrope, which will not only exhibit essentially equivalent properties for refrigeration and other applications, but which will also exhibit essentially equivalent properties to the true azeotropic composition in terms of constant boiling characteristics or tendency not to segregate or fractionate on boiling.

[0072] It is possible to characterize, in effect, a constant boiling admixture which may appear under many guises, depending upon the conditions chosen, by any of several criteria:

[0073] The composition can be defined as an azeotrope of A, B, C (and D . . . ) since the very term “azeotrope” is at once both definitive and limitative, and requires that effective amounts of A, B, C (and D . . . ) for this unique composition of matter which is a constant boiling composition.

[0074] It is well known by those skilled in the art, that, at different pressures, the composition of a given azeotrope will vary at least to some degree, and changes in pressure will also change, at least to some degree, the boiling point temperature. Thus, an azeotrope of A, B, C (and D . . . ) represents a unique type of relationship but with a variable composition which depends on temperature and/or pressure. Therefore, compositional ranges, rather than fixed compositions, are often used to define azeotropes.

[0075] The composition can be defined as a particular weight percent relationship or mole percent relationship of A, B, C (and D . . . ), while recognizing that such specific values point out only one particular relationship and that in actuality, a series of such relationships, represented by A, B, C (and D . . . ) actually exist for a given azeotrope, varied by the influence of pressure.

[0076] An azeotrope of A, B, C (and D . . . ) can be characterized by defining the compositions as an azeotrope characterized by a boiling point at a given pressure, thus giving identifying characteristics without unduly limiting the scope of the invention by a specific numerical composition, which is limited by and is only as accurate as the analytical equipment available.

[0077] The azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method including mixing or combining the desired amounts. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and thereafter combine them in an appropriate container.

[0078] Specific examples illustrating the invention are given below. Unless otherwise stated therein, all percentages are by weight. It is to be understood that these examples are merely illustrative and in no way are to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

Phase Study

[0079] A phase study shows the following compositions are azeotropic, all at the temperature specified.

			Vapor Press.
Components	T ° C.	Weight Ranges	psia (kPa)
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134	−21.7	13.9/86.1	14.7 101
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236ea	−1.7	33.6/66.4	14.7 101
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa	−2.5	12.7/87.3	14.7 101

EXAMPLE 2

Impact of Vapor Leakage

[0080] A vessel is charged with an initial composition at a specified temperature, and the initial vapor pressure of the composition is measured. The composition is allowed to leak from the vessel, while the temperature is held constant, until 50 weight percent of the initial composition is removed, at which time the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the vessel is measured. The results are summarized below.

	INITIAL	50% LEAK
WT % A/WT % B	PSIA	KPA	PSIA	KPA	DELTA % P
HFC-161/HFC-134a
(−20° C.)
1/99	19.6	135	19.5	134	0.5
10/90	22.0	152	21.2	146	3.6
20/80	24.1	166	22.9	158	5.0
30/70	25.8	178	24.6	170	4.7
40/60	27.2	188	26.1	180	4.0
50/50	28.3	195	27.5	190	2.8
60/40	29.2	201	28.6	197	2.1
70/30	29.9	206	29.5	203	1.3
80/20	30.5	210	30.3	209	0.7
90/10	30.9	213	30.8	212	0.3
99/1	31.2	215	31.2	215	0.0
HFC-161/HFC-152a
(−30° C.)
1/99	11.7	80.7	11.7	80.7	0.0
10/90	12.7	87.6	12.3	84.8	3.1
20/80	13.8	95.1	13.1	90.3	5.1
30/70	14.9	103	14.0	96.5	6.0
40/60	15.9	110	14.9	103	6.3
50/50	16.9	117	15.9	110	5.9
60/40	17.8	123	16.9	117	5.1
70/30	18.7	129	18.0	124	3.7
80/20	19.5	134	19.0	131	2.6
90/10	20.3	140	20.0	138	1.5
99/1	20.9	144	20.9	144	0.0
HFC-161/HFC-281ea
(−10° C.)
99/1	44.9	310	44.8	309	0.2
90/10	42.7	294	41.1	283	3.7
80/20	40.0	276	37.1	256	7.2
73/27	38.1	263	34.3	236	10.0
HFC-161/HFC-3-10-lsy
(−20° C.)
99/1	31.1	214	31.0	214	0.3
90/10	29.7	205	28.6	197	3.7
80/20	28.1	194	25.9	179	7.8
75/25	27.2	188	24.6	170	9.6
74/26	27.1	187	24.3	168	10.3
HFC-161/butane (−20° C.)
99/1	31.1	214	31.0	214	0.3
90/10	29.8	205	29.1	201	2.3
80/20	28.4	196	26.9	185	5.3
70/30	26.9	185	24.6	170	8.6
67/33	26.5	183	23.9	165	9.8
66/34	26.3	181	23.6	163	10.3
HFC-161/isobutane (−20° C.)
99/1	31.2	215	31.2	215	0.0
90/10	30.5	210	30.3	209	0.7
80/20	29.6	204	29.0	200	2.0
70/30	28.6	197	27.5	190	3.8
60/40	27.4	189	25.6	177	6.6
52/48	26.4	182	23.9	165	9.5
51/49	26.3	181	23.6	163	10.3
HFC-161/DME (−30° C.)
1/99	11.6	80.0	11.6	80.0	0.0
10/90	12.4	85.5	12.1	83.4	2.4
20/80	13.2	91.0	12.7	87.6	3.8
30/70	14.1	97.2	13.3	91.7	5.7
40/60	15.0	103	14.1	97.2	6.0
50/50	16.0	110	15.0	103	6.3
60/40	17.0	117	16.0	110	5.9
70/30	17.9	123	17.1	118	4.5
80/20	18.9	130	18.3	126	3.2
90/10	19.9	137	19.6	135	1.5
99/1	20.8	143	20.8	143	0.0
HFC-281ea/HFC-134a
(−10° C.)
1/99	29.1	201	29.0	200	0.3
10/90	26.7	184	25.6	177	4.1
20/80	24.4	168	22.7	157	7.0
30/70	22.4	154	20.4	141	8.9
40/60	20.6	142	18.8	130	8.7
50/50	19.1	132	17.5	121	8.4
60/40	17.8	123	16.5	114	7.3
70/30	16.7	115	15.8	109	5.4
80/20	15.7	108	15.1	104	3.8
90/10	14.9	103	14.6	101	2.0
99/1	14.2	97.9	14.2	97.9	0.0
HFC-281ea/HFC-152a
(−20° C.)
1/99	17.8	123	17.8	123	0.0
10/90	17.0	117	16.6	114	2.4
20/80	16.0	110	15.3	105	4.4
30/70	15.1	104	14.2	97.9	6.0
40/60	14.2	97.9	13.2	91.0	7.0
50/50	13.3	91.7	12.3	84.8	7.5
60/40	12.4	85.5	11.6	80.0	6.5
70/30	11.6	80.0	10.9	75.2	6.0
80/20	10.8	74.5	10.2	70.3	5.6
90/10	10.0	68.9	9.68	66.7	3.2
99/1	9.28	64.0	9.23	63.6	0.5
HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-lsy
(0° C.)
99/1	21.0	145	20.9	144	0.5
90/10	20.3	140	20.1	139	1.0
80/20	19.6	135	19.1	132	2.6
70/30	18.8	130	18.0	124	4.3
60/40	17.9	123	16.9	117	5.6
50/50	17.0	117	15.7	108	7.6
41/59	16.1	111	14.5	100	9.9
40/60	16.0	110	14.3	98.6	10.6
HFC-281ea/propane (−10° C.)
1/99	35.3	344	49.8	343	0.2
10/90	48.6	335	48.1	332	1.0
20/80	47.1	325	45.7	315	3.0
30/70	45.4	313	42.9	296	5.5
40/60	43.4	299	39.3	271	9.4
41/59	43.2	298	38.9	268	10.0
HFC-281ea/DME (−9.95° C.)
1/99	26.7	184	26.7	184	0.0
10/90	25.8	178	25.4	175	1.6
20/80	24.8	171	24.1	166	2.8
30/70	23.7	163	22.7	157	4.2
40/60	22.5	155	21.3	147	5.3
50/50	21.3	147	20.0	138	6.1
60/40	20.0	138	18.7	129	6.5
70/30	18.7	129	17.5	121	6.4
80/20	17.3	119	16.3	112	5.8
90/10	15.9	110	15.2	105	4.4
99/1	14.4	99.3	14.3	98.6	0.7
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134
(−21.7° C.)
13.9/86.1	14.7	101.4	14.7	101.4	0.0
7/93	14.5	100.0	14.3	98.6	1.4
1/99	13.7	94.5	13.5	93.1	1.5
0/100	13.4	92.4	13.4	92.4	0.0
20/80	14.6	100.7	14.6	100.7	0.0
30/70	14.5	100.0	14.2	97.9	2.1
40/60	14.3	98.6	13.5	93.1	5.6
44/56	14.2	97.9	12.8	88.3	9.9
45/55	14.2	97.9	12.6	86.9	11.3
100/0	3.89	26.8	3.89	26.8	0.0
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134a
(0° C.)
1/99	42.9	296	42.9	296	0.0
5/95	42.3	292	42.1	290	0.5
10/90	41.5	286	40.8	281	1.7
15/85	40.6	280	39.4	272	3.0
20/80	39.7	274	38.0	262	4.3
25/75	38.9	268	36.4	251	6.4
30/70	38.0	262	34.7	239	8.7
32/68	37.7	260	34.0	234	9.8
3 3/67	37.5	259	33.6	232	10.4
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-152a
(0° C.)
1/99	38.4	265	38.4	265	0.0
10/90	36.8	254	36.0	248	2.2
20/80	35.0	241	33.1	228	5.4
30/70	33.2	229	30.0	207	9.6
3 1/69	33.0	228	29.6	204	10.3
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236ea
(−1.7° C.)
33.6/66.4	14.7	101	14.7	101	0.0
20/80	14.5	100	14.1	97.0	2.9
11/89	13.8	94.9	12.4	85.5	9.9
50/50	14.6	100	14.3	98.5	1.9
60/40	14.4	99.3	13.2	90.7	8.7
61/39	14.4	99.3	12.9	88.9	10.4
100/0	8.91	61.4	8.91	61.4	0.0
0/100	10.4	71.7	10.4	71.7	0.0
1/99	11.0	75.6	10.5	72.3	4.4
3/97	11.9	81.8	10.7	73.9	9.7
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa
(−2.5° C.)
12.7/87.3	14.7	101	14.7	101	0.0
1/99	14.2	98.0	14.2	97.8	0.2
0/100	14.1	97.2	14.1	97.2	0.0
40/60	13.9	95.6	13.2	91.1	4.7
50/50	13.4	92.1	12.2	84.0	8.8
52/48	13.2	91.3	12.0	82.5	9.7
53/47	13.2	90.9	11.8	81.6	10.2
100/0	8.64	59.6	8.64	59.6	0.0
HFC-3-10-lsy/butane (0° C.)
1/99	14.9	103	14.9	103	0.0
10/90	14.6	101	14.5	99.8	0.7
20/80	14.2	97.7	14.0	96.4	1.3
30/70	13.7	94.7	13.5	92.7	2.0
40/60	13.3	91.4	12.9	88.9	2.7
50/50	12.8	87.9	12.3	85.1	3.2
60/40	12.2	84.1	11.8	81.1	3.6
70/30	11.6	80.0	11.2	77.1	3.7
80/20	11.0	75.6	10.6	73.1	3.4
90/10	10.3	70.8	10.0	69.2	2.2
99/1	9.59	66.1	9.56	65.9	0.3
HFC-3-10-lsy/isobutane
(0° C.)
1/99	22.6	156	22.6	156	0.0
10/90	21.7	150	21.3	147	2.1
20/80	20.7	143	19.8	136	4.3
30/70	19.6	135	18.3	126	6.5
40/60	18.4	127	16.8	116	8.8
45/55	17.8	123	16.0	111	9.9
46/54	17.7	122	15.9	110	10.1
88/12	11.6	80.2	10.5	72.1	10.1
89/11	11.5	79.0	10.4	71.5	9.5
99/1	9.69	66.8	9.57	66.0	1.2
HFC-3-10-lsy/propane
(−20° C.)
1/99	35.2	243	35.0	241	0.6
10/90	33.5	231	31.9	220	4.8
19/81	31.6	218	28.6	197	9.5
20/80	31.4	216	28.2	194	10.2
HFC-3-10-lsy/DME
(−10° C.)
1/99	26.7	184	26.7	184	0.0
10/90	26.0	179	25.7	177	1.2
20/80	25.1	173	24.4	168	2.8
30/70	24.2	167	22.9	158	5.4
40/60	23.2	160	21.1	145	9.1
42/58	23.0	159	20.7	143	10.0
43/57	22.8	157	20.5	141	10.1

[0081] The results of this Example show that these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like because when 50 wt. % of an original composition is removed, the vapor pressure of the remaining composition is within about 10% of the vapor pressure of the original composition, at a temperature of 25° C.

EXAMPLE 3

of Vapor Leakage at −20° C.

[0082] A leak test is performed on compositions of HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-236fa, at the temperature of −20° C. The results are summarized below. “A” represents HFC-3-10-1sy and “B” represents HFC-236fa.

	INITIAL	50% LEAK
WT % A/WT % B	PSIA	KPA	PSIA	KPA	DELTA % P
HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa
16.3/83.7	6.86	47.3	6.86	47.3	0.0
10/90	6.82	47.0	6.80	46.9	0.3
1/99	6.49	44.7	6.47	44.6	0.3
30/70	6.75	46.5	6.66	45.9	1.3
40/60	6.59	45.4	6.34	43.7	3.8
50/50	6.37	43.9	5.90	40.7	7.4
55/45	6.25	43.1	5.63	38.8	9.9
56/44	6.22	42.9	5.58	38.5	10.3

[0083] These results show that compositions of HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-236fa are azeotropic or azeotrope-like at different temperatures, but that the weight percents of the components vary as the temperature is changed.

EXAMPLE 4

Vapor Pressures and Kauri-butanol Values

[0084] Vapor pressures of the compounds of the present invention are given below. The data indicate these compounds are useful replacements for hydrocarbons widely used in aerosol formulations today. HFC-281ea and isobutane as well as HFC-161 and propane have nearly identical vapor pressures. Kauri-butanol values for the compounds of the present invention are also higher than each respective hydrocarbon. This indicates these compounds have better solvent capability as well as compatibility with aerosol resins and other active ingredients.

	Vapor Pressure (Psig)	Kauri-Butanol
	70° F.	130° F.	Value
	HFC-161	106	264	16.3
	HFC-281ea	31	99	20.3
	HFC-3-10-lsy	5	38	—
	Propane	108	262	15
	Isobutane	31	97	18
	Butane	17	65	20

EXAMPLE 5

VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Predictions

[0085] Kinetic rate measurements were measured experimentally (Jet Propulsion Laboratories) or predicted for compounds of the present invention using group reactivity methodology of R. Atkinson (ref: Kwok, E. S. C., and R. Atkinson, “Estimation of Hydroxyl Radical Reaction Rate Constants for Gas-Phase Organic Compounds using a Structure-Reactivity Relationship: An Update”, Final Report to CMA Contract No. ARC-8.0-OR, 1994). A compound can be considered a potential non-VOC if its kinetic rate at 298 degrees K relative to ethane is less than 1.0. Results are shown in the Table below.

	TABLE
		k at 298K
		cm3/molecule-sec
		for OH radical	k relative	Measured
	Compound	reaction	to ethane	or predicted
	Ethane	2.4 × 10−13	1.0	Measured
	Propane	1.1 × 10−12	4.6	Measured
	Butane	2.54 × 10−12	10.5	Predicted
	Isobutane	2.33 × 10−12	9.7	Predicted
	IHFC-161	1.7 × 10−13	0.7	Measured
	HFC-281ea	4.6 × 10−13	1.9	Measured
	HFC-3-10-lsy	7.7 × 10−14	0.3	Predicted

[0086] The compounds of the present invention have significantly reduced photochemical (hydroxyl radical) reactivity compared to hydrocarbons propane, butane and isobutane widely used in aerosols today. Using the compounds of the present invention in aerosols can significantly reduce ground level smog. HFC-161 and HFC-3-10-1sy could be classified as non-VOCs because their reactivity is less than ethane. And HFC-281ea is significantly less reactive than its hydrocarbon analogue isobutane.

EXAMPLE 6

55% VOC Hair Spray Prototype

[0087] A 55% VOC (volatile organic compound) hair spray in accordance with the present invention is formulated as follows:

TABLE
Wt %
Octylacrylamide/acrlyates/butylaminoethyl 5.00
methacrylate copolymer (National Starch)
AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, Kodak) 0.96
Dimethicone silylate (Hydrolabs) 0.50
Water                            3.54

[0088] To this mixture is added ethanol and propellants of the present invention to yield a 55% VOC formulation:

		Wt %
	Wt %/Wt %	Ethanol
	HFC-161	35.00	55.00
	HFC-3-l0-lsy	35.00	55.00
	HFC-161/HFC-134a	5.00/30.00	55.00
	HFC-161/HFC-152a	5.00/30.00	55.00
	HFC-161/HFC-281ea	35.00/7.00	48.00
	HFC-161/HFC-3-l0-lsy	28.00/7.00	55.00
	HFC-281ea/HFC-134a	7.00/35.00	48.00
	HFC-281ea/HFC-152a	7.00/35.00	48.00
	HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-lsy	7.00/35.00	48.00
	HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134	5.00/30.00	55.00
	HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134a	5.00/30.00	55.00
	HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-152a	7.00/28.00	55.00

[0089] The vapor pressure of each mixture may vary with formulation. This example is illustrative and does not reflect an optimized system.

EXAMPLE 7

55% VOC Hair Spray Prototype

[0090] Two 55% VOC hair sprays in accordance with the present invention are formulated as follows:

		A	B
	Component	Wt %	Wt %
	PVM/MA Copolymer	6.00	6.00
	AMP	0.35	0.35
	Water	29.05	38.65
	Ethanol 40-1	34.60	25.00

[0091] To these mixtures are added 30.00 weight percent of one of the following compositions of the present invention to yield a 55% VOC formulation:

	TABLE
	Formulation
		A	B
	Component	Wt %	Wt %
	HFC-161/DME	9.60/20.40	—
	HFC-161/butane	9.60/20.40	—
	HFC-161/isobutane	9.60/20.40	—
	HFC-281ea/propane	—	9.60/20.40
	HFC-281ea/DME	—	9.60/20.40
	HFC-3-10-lsy/butane	9.60/20.40	—
	HFC-3-10-lsy/isobutane	9.60/20.40	—
	HFC-3-10-lsy/propane	9.60/20.40	—
	HFC-3-10-lsy/DME	9.60/20.40	—

[0092] The vapor pressure of each mixture may vary with formulation. This example is illustrative and does not reflect an optimized system. The formulations containing HFC-281ea will have less impact on ground level smog than those containing hydrocarbons because HFC-281ea has less significantly less photochemical reactivity.

EXAMPLE 8

Fragrance Prototype

[0093] A fragrance in accordance with the present invention is formulated as follows:

TABLE
Wt %
Fragrance    3.0
Ethanol 40-1 70.0
Water        15.0

[0094] To this mixture is added 12.0 weight percent of one of the following mixtures of the present invention:

	Wt %	% VOC
	HFC-161	12.0	70
	HFC-281ea	12.0	82
	HFC-3-10-1sy	12.0	70
	HFC-161/HFC-134a	3.0/9.0	70
	HFC-161/HFC-152a	3.0/9.0	70
	HFC-161/HFC-281ea	9.0/3.0	73
	HFC-161/HFC-3-10-1sy	9.0/3.0	70
	HFC-161/butane	9.0/3.0	73
	HFC-161/isobutane	9.0/3.0	73
	HFC-161/DME	6.0/6.0	76
	HFC-281ea/HFC-134a	3.0/9.0	73
	HFC-281ea/HFC-152a	3.0/9.0	73
	HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-1sy	3.0/9.0	73
	HFC-281ea/propane	3.0/9.0	82
	HFC-281ea/DME	3.0/9.0	82
	HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134	2.0/10.0	70
	HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134a	3.0/9.0	70
	HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-152a	3.0/9.0	70
	HFC-3-10-1sy/butane	5.0/4.0	74
	HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane	4.0/5.0	75
	HFC-3-10-1sy/propane	2.0/10.0	80
	HFC-3-10-1sy/DME	3.0/9.0	79

[0095] The vapor pressure of each mixture may vary with formulation. This example is illustrative and does not reflect an optimized system. The formulations containing HFC-281ea will have less impact on ground level smog than those containing hydrocarbons because HFC-281ea has less significantly less photochemical reactivity.

EXAMPLE 9

Aerosol Antiperspirant Prototype

[0096] A 60% VOC aerosol antiperspirant in accordance with the present invention is formulated as follows:

TABLE
Wt %
Aluminum chlorohydrate  10.0
Isopropyl myristate     6.0
Silicone fluid DC-344   6.0
(Dow Corning)
Talc                    0.5
Quaternium-18 hectorite 0.5
Ethanol 40-1            2.0

[0097] To this mixture is added 75.0 weight percent of one of the following mixtures of the present invention to yield a 60% VOC formulation:

HFC-161/DME            17.0/58.0
HFC-161/butane         17.0/58.0
HFC-161/isobutane      17.0/58.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/butane    17.0/58.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane 17.0/58.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/propane   17.0/58.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/DME       17.0/58.0

[0098] Similar formulations can also be developed for air fresheners, household disinfectants, insect foggers and spray paints using the compositions of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 10

Hair Spray Performance

[0099] The following example demonstrates efficacy of the patent invention in hair sprays, compared to a widely used hydrofluorocarbon propellant HFC-152a (CH3CHF2) as shown in the table below. The formulations were one phase indicating complete miscibility. Tack and dry times, curl droop, and flame extension tests were used to evaluate performance. Curl droop measures the percent lengthening of a curl five minutes after spraying. Flame extension was measured to determine the flammability of each formulation. Results show each formulation achieved 80% or higher curl retention, good tack and dry times, and acceptable flame extensions despite the fact that the formulations were not optimized.

TABLE
Formulation
Component
(Wt %)	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Resin*	25	25	25	25	25	19.5	19.5	19.5
Ethanol	43	43	43	43	43	35.0	35.0	35.0
Additives	2	2	2	2	2	1.7	1.7	1.7
HFC-161	—	30	—	18	—	—	—	10.0
HFC-281ea	—	—	30	—	12	—	10.0	—
HFC-152a	30	—	—	—	18	10.0	—	—
Butane	—	—	—	12	—	—	—	—
Water	—	—	—	—	—	13.8	13.8	13.8
DME	—	—	—	—	—	20.0	20.0	20.0
Total Wt %	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Vapor Pressure	60	95	31	79	52	47	40	64
@ 70° F.
(psig)
% VOC	43	43	73	55	55	55	65	55
Curl droop %	9	21	11	17	16	18	11	17
Tack Time	10	14	4	7	11	8	14	58
(sec)
Dry Time (sec)	24	28	17	46	54	21	39	73
Flame Exten-	4	6	9	4	13	4	12	16
sion (inches)
*t-butylacrylate/ethylacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer resin

EXAMPLE 11

Air Freshener Performance

[0100] To test air freshener flammability and miscibility, compositions of the present invention were formulated into air fresheners as shown in the table below. The formulations were one phase indicating complete miscibility. Flame extensions were measured which were less than 18 inches, the desirable maximum. The formulations showed good spray patterns and delivery.

	TABLE
	Formulation
		A	B
	Component	Wt %	Wt %
	Fragrance	1	1
	Water	4	4
	Ethanol	30	30
	HFC-161	65	—
	HFC-281ea	—	65
	Total Wt %	100	100
	Vapor Pressure @ 70 F.	106	33
	(psig)
	Flame Extension (in)	13	16

EXAMPLE 12

Fragrance Performance

[0101] To test fragrance flammability and miscibility, compositions of the present invention were formulated into fragrances as shown in the table below. The formulations were one phase indicating complete miscibility. Flame extensions were then measured which were less than 18 inches, the desirable maximum. The formulations showed good spray patterns and delivery.

	TABLE
	Formulation
		A	B
	Component	Wt %	Wt %
	Fragrance	3	3
	Ethanol	70	70
	Water	15	15
	HFC-161	12	—
	HFC-281ea	—	12
		100	100
	Vapor Pressure @ 70 F.	46	14
	(psig)
	Flame Extension (in)	13	10

EXAMPLE 13

Shelf Life Stability

[0102] Compositions shown in the table below were prepared and loaded into tin-plate aerosol cans. Cans were placed in an oven at 120° F. or held at room temperature (21-23° C.) for several months.

TABLE
Composition	Temperature	Time	Can Interior
HFC-161/Ethanol	120° F.	2 months	No corrosion
(30/70 wt %)			Slight detinning
		6 months	No corrosion
			Medium detinning
FC-161/Ethanol	Room	24 months	No corrosion
(30/70 wt %)			Slight detinning
HFC-281ea/Ethanol	120° F.	1 month	No corrosion
(60/40 wt %)			or detinning
		3 months	No corrosion
			or detinning
HFC-281ea/Ethanol/	120° F.	1 month	No corrosion
Water (40/54/6 wt %)			or detinning

[0103] As shown in the table, the propellant compositions demonstrated good stability in formulation solvents, even without corrosion inhibitors.

EXAMPLE 14

[0104] The following table shows the performance of various refrigerants. The data is based on the following conditions.

Evaporator temperature 45.0° F. (7.2° C.)
Condenser temperature  130.0° F. (54.4° C.)
Subcooled              15.0° F. (8.3° C.)
Return gas             65.0° F. (18.3° C.)
Compressor efficiency is 75%.

[0105] The refrigeration capacity is based on a compressor with a fixed displacement of 3.5 cubic feet per minute and 75% volumetric efficiency. Capacity is intended to mean the change in enthalpy of the refrigerant in the evaporator per pound of refrigerant circulated, i.e. the heat removed by the refrigerant in the evaporator per time. Coefficient of performance (COP) is intended to mean the ratio of the capacity to compressor work. It is a measure of refrigerant energy efficiency.

	Evap	Cond	Comp. Dis		Capacity
Refrig	Press	Press	Temp.		BTU/min
Comp.	Psia	(kPa)	Psia	(kPa)	° F. (° C)	COP	(kW)
HFC-161/HFC-134a
1/99	55	379	215	1482	171	77	3.43	225	4.0
99/1	80	552	279	1924	201	94	3.49	316	5.6
HFC-161/HFC-152a
1/99	51	352	194	1338	204	96	3.60	224	3.9
99/1	90	552	278	1917	200	93	3.53	318	5.6
HFC-161/HFC-281ea
1/99	27	186	106	731	168	76	3.71	123	2.2
99/1	79	545	278	1917	201	94	3.49	314	5.5
HFC-161/HFC-3-10-1sy
1/99	13	90	55	379	148	64	3.75	63	1.1
99/1	79	545	277	1910	201	94	3.50	314	5.5
HFC-161/butane
1/99	20	138	82	565	155	68	3.68	93	1.6
99/1	79	545	277	1910	201	94	3.49	314	5.5
HFC-161/isobutane
1/99	30	207	65	448	112	44	3.57	123	2.2
99/1	79	545	279	1924	201	94	3.49	315	5.5
HFC-161/DME
1/99	49	338	183	1262	194	90	3.67	215	3.8
99/1	79	545	279	1924	201	94	3.49	315	5.5
HFC-218ea/HFC-134a
1/99	54	372	212	1462	171	77	3.43	222	3.9
99/1	27	186	105	724	168	76	3.70	121	2.1
HFC-281ea/HFC-152a
1/99	50	345	192	1324	204	95	3.61	222	3.9
99/1	27	186	105	724	168	76	3.70	122	2.1
HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-1sy
1/99	12	83	54	372	148	64	3.68	59	1.0
99/1	26	179	104	717	168	76	3.70	120	2.1
HFC-281ea/propane
1/99	83	572	270	1862	166	74	3.32	282	5.0
99/1	27	186	107	738	168	76	3.71	123	2.2
HFC-281ea/DME
1/99	48	331	181	1248	193	89	3.68	213	3.8
99/1	27	186	106	731	168	76	3.70	122	2.1
HFC-3-10-sy/HFC-134a
1/99	42	290	167	1151	182	83	3.60	187	3.3
99/1	12	83	54	372	148	64	3.69	60	1.1
HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134a
1/99	54	372	210	1448	171	77	3.44	221	3.9
99/1	12	83	54	372	148	64	3.69	60	1.1
HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-152a
1/99	50	345	191	1317	203	95	3.60	221	3.9
99/1	13	90	54	372	148	64	3.70	60	1.1
HFC3-10-1sy/HFC-236ea
1/99	15	103	70	483	143	62	3.50	71	1.3
99/1	12	83	53	365	148	64	3.67	59	1.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-236fa
1/99	20	138	86	593	141	60	3.42	86	1.5
99/1	12	83	53	365	148	64	3.67	59	1.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/butane
1/99	19	131	80	552	155	68	3.65	90	1.6
99/1	12	83	53	365	148	64	3.67	59	1.0
HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane
1/99	29	200	110	758	152	67	3.56	120	2.1
99/1	12	83	54	372	148	64	3.68	59	1.0
HFC-3-10-sy/propane
1/99	83	572	269	1855	166	74	3.33	281	4.9
99/1	13	90	55	379	147	64	3.74	62	1.1
HFC-3-10-1sy/DME
1/99	48	331	181	1248	193	89	3.67	213	3.7
99/1	13	90	55	379	148	64	3.73	62	1.1

ADDITIONAL COMPOUNDS

[0106] Other components, such as aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point of −60 to +60° C., hydrofluorocarbonalkanes having a boiling point of −60 to +60° C., hydrofluoropropanes having a boiling point of between −60 to +60° C., hydrocarbon esters having a boiling point between −60 to +60° C., hydrochlorofluorocarbons having a boiling point between −60 to +60° C., hydrofluorocarbons having a boiling point of −60 to +60° C., hydrochlorocarbons having a boiling point between −60 to +60° C., chlorocarbons and perfluorinated compounds, can be added to the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions described above without substantially changing the properties thereof, including the constant boiling behavior, of the compositions.

[0107] Additives such as lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, stabilizers, dyes and other appropriate materials may be added to the novel compositions of the invention for a variety of purposes provides they do not have an adverse influence on the composition for its intended application. Preferred lubricants include esters having a molecular weight greater than 250.

Claims

1. An aerosol propellant comprising fluoroethane.

2. An aerosol propellant comprising 2-fluoropropane.

3. An aerosol propellant comprising tert-butylfluoride.

4. A composition comprising 1-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent of at least one of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane, tert-butylfluoride, butane, isobutane or dimethylether; 1 to 99 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1 to 99 weight percent of at least one of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, tert-butylfluoride, propane, dimethylether; or 1 to 99 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 1 to 99 weight percent of at least one of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, butane, isobutane, propane or dimethylether.

5. Effective amounts of the following compounds to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition: comprising fluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane, tert-butylfluoride, butane, isobutane or dimethylether; 2-fluoropropane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, tert-butylfluoride, propane, dimethylether; or tert-butylfluoride and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, butane, isobutane, propane or dimethylether.

6. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition of claim 5, said composition consisting essentially of: 1-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1-difluoroethane; 73-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-27 weight percent 2-fluoropropane; 75-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-25 weight percent tert-butylfluoride; 67-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-33 weight percent butane; 52-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-48 weight percent isobutane; 1-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent dimethylether; 1-99 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-99 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1-difluoroethane; 41-99 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1-59 weight percent tert-butylfluoride; 1-41 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 59-99 weight percent propane; 1-99 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1-99 weight percent dimethylether; 1-44 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 56-99 weight percent 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-32 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 68-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-30 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 70-99 weight percent 1,1-difluoroethane; 11-60 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 40-89 weight percent 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane; 1-3 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 97-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane 1-52 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 48-99 weight percent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane; 1-99 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 1-99 weight percent butane; 1-45 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 55-99 weight percent isobutane; 89-99 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 1-11 weight percent isobutane; 1-19 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 81-99 weight percent propane; or 1-42 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 58-99 weight percent dimethylether.

7. Effective amounts of tert-butylfluoride and a compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane to form binary compositions having a vapor pressure higher than that of the components of the binary composition.

8. A process for producing an aerosol comprising using a composition of claim 4.

9. A process for producing an aerosol comprising using a composition of claim 5.

10. A process for producing an aerosol comprising using a composition of claim 6.

11. A process for producing an aerosol comprising using a composition of claim 7.

12. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of claim 4, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.

13. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of claim 5, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.

14. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of claim 6, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.

15. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of claim 7, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.

16. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using a composition of claim 4 as a blowing agent.

17. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using a composition of claim 5 as a blowing agent.

18. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam comprising using a composition of claims 6 as a blowing agent.

19. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using a composition of claim 7 as a blowing agent.