TREA

`BA 73-381` Kentucky bluegrass

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Information

  • Patent Grant
  • PP9209
  • Patent Number
    PP9,209
  • Date Filed
    Monday, September 19, 1994
    31 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, July 18, 1995
    30 years ago
  • US Classifications
    Field of Search
    • US
    • PLT 902
  • International Classifications
    • A01H500
Information
Abstract
A variety of Kentucky bluegrass having a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot, melting out disease, rust diseases, and stripe smut; a desirable green color throughout the growing season; the ability to form a turf of good quality under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide blade and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa pratensis that has been designated Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 3,156, issued May 9, 1972; 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; 6,280, issued Sep. 6, 1988; 6,537 and 6,538, issued Jan. 17, 1989; 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989, 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; 8,490, issued Dec. 7, 1993 and pending U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/125,564, filed Sep. 23, 1993.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY
Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass plant material originated by crossing an unreleased Kentucky bluegrass selection (Bd65-26-1) from the O. M. Scott and Sons breeding program with a Merion Kentucky bluegrass plant as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 73-381 was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Oreg. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trails and later seed production fields. Asexual production of Ba 73381 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba 73-381 is approximately 99% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from six different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 73-381 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Drechslera spp. formerly called Helminthosporium spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot, Puccinia spp. that causes several tupes of rust infections, and Ustilago striiformis that causes strip smut. Ba 73-381 has an attractive leafy turf type growth habit, moderately wide leaf blades, attractive green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season, and good turf performance as evidenced by consistently good scores for quality and color. Ba 73-381 has a high seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of northwestrn U.S.A.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses, Ba 73-381 differs significantly in regard to the following morphological characteristics: (1) seed width, (2) floret number, (3) flag leaf ligule hair, (4) vegetative leaf margin hair, (5) peduncle width and (6) vegetative leaf ligule length.
Ba 73381 has a large seed, below average seed count and a long rachilla, a short and narrow panicle, a high whorl and branch count, average size spikelets, a low floret count and average size glumes. Ba 73-381 has a medium length culm, a low node count, an average internode length, a medium length but above averge peduncle width. The flag leaf is average in length and width but above average in thickness, has a long ligule and a statistically higher ligule hair content than most other bluegrasses in the evaluation. The vegetative leaf of Ba 73-381 is long, slightly below average in width but average in thickness, a short ligule and a low population of leaf margin hairs. The vegetative leaf under close mowing practiced under lawn maintenance conditions has a statistically broader leaf than a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1. is a Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass plant during anthesis.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY
Ba 73-381 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the filed under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during late winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 39.5 mm in length, 3.1 nodes per culm, an uppermost internode length of 10.8 cm and a peduncle averaging 24.3 cm in length, and 0.808 mm in width. The vegetative leaf averages 22.1 cm in length, 3.3 mm in width, 0.300 mm in thickness, 0.16 mm in ligule length and a low leaf margin hair count. The flag leaf averages 4.3 cm in length, 3.5 mm in width, 0.223 mm in thickness, a ligule length of 1.3 mm and a high ligule hair count. The panicle averages 80.2 mm in length, 55.3 mm in width and 9.8 whorls. The lowest whorl averages 4.1 branches and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle 3.9 branches (Table 3). The spikelets in the lowest whorl average 4.7 mm in length, 2.4 mm in width and 2.7 florets. The outer glume from the lowerst whorl averages 2.8 mm in length and the inner glume 3.2 mm in length. The spikelet from the third whorl averages 4.6 mm in length, 2.6 mm in width, and 2.7 florets.
The outer glume from the third whorl averages 2.9 mm in length and the inner glume 3.1 mm in length. Conditioned seed of Ba 73-381 averages 3.00 mm in length, 0.94 mm in width, a rachilla length of 0.86 mm and approximately 1,171,000 seeds per pound. The dorsal side of the lemma keel contained an average population of hairs.
Comparisons of Ba 73-381 with other varieties in terms of seed dimensions and seed numbers per pound are shown in Tables 1 and 2 as follows:
TABLE 1______________________________________Seed and Rachilla Measurements and Lemma Hair ofBa 73-381 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass VarietiesAfter Conditioning Length Width Rachilla Lemma*Variety (mm) (mm) (mm) Hair______________________________________Ba 73-381 3.00 0.94 0.86 4.9Ba 73-366 3.04 0.91 0.80 4.4Abbey 2.97 0.89 0.80 3.8Adelphi 2.70 0.84 0.65 4.4America 2.40 0.68 0.68 2.8Baron 3.08 0.81 0.71 5.0Bristol 2.94 0.88 0.73 4.3Chateau 2.81 0.86 0.71 4.5Coventry 2.71 0.81 0.70 4.0Eclipse 2.77 0.83 0.68 3.5Georgetown 2.94 0.82 0.74 4.9Gnome 2.78 0.83 0.75 4.1Kelly 3.07 0.89 0.75 4.2Marquis 2.97 0.87 0.83 4.7Midnight 2.94 0.76 0.78 5.7Nassau 3.07 0.86 0.68 3.4Ram I 3.23 0.89 0.80 6.0Touchdown 2.93 0.88 0.71 4.6Victa 3.00 0.80 0.82 3.5LSD (.05) 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.86______________________________________ *Rating Scale 0-9: 9 = abundant row of hairs along keel.
TABLE 2______________________________________Comparison of Seed Numbers Per Pound of Ba 73-381 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties After ConditioningVariety Seeds per Pound______________________________________Ba 73-381 1,171,000Ba 73-366 1,025,586Abbey 1,003,037Adelphi 1,383,976America 1,659,824Baron 1,051,693Bristol 1,270,821Chateau 1,300,105Coventry 1,246,200Eclipse 1,335,668Georgetown 1,431,000Gnome 1,017,641Kelly 921,166Marquis 1,054,642Midnight 1,227,000Nassua 1,127,130Ram 1 1,214,000Touchdown 1,211,000Victa 1,038,298______________________________________
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characters to some extent, comparisons of morphological characteristics of Ba 73-381 are made with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties are given in Tables 3-8.
TABLE 3______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Panicles of Ba 73-381and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in theGreenhouse at Marysville, OH Number ofPanicle Number Branches Nod- Length Width Whorls/ Lower ThirdVariety ding* (mm) (mm) Panicle Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 73-381 1.1 80.2 55.3 9.8 4.1 3.9Ba 73-366 1.6 88.8 68.4 8.8 4.3 3.7Abbey 1.6 80.4 59.3 9.3 3.8 3.3Adelphi 1.8 106.8 76.4 10.0 3.6 3.0America 2.3 67.7 51.1 8.8 3.3 3.5Baron 2.2 92.6 71.0 10.0 3.4 2.8Bristol 2.0 85.5 61.5 8.4 2.8 2.7Chateau 2.9 65.2 57.3 8.5 3.3 2.8Coventry 2.5 64.0 54.2 8.4 3.3 2.5Eclipse 1.3 89.2 74.0 10.7 3.3 2.1George- 1.0 80.0 57.0 7.4 2.1 2.6townGnome 1.1 80.6 56.0 10.6 4.6 3.9Kelly 2.0 88.0 70.2 9.8 4.6 3.7Marquis 1.1 82.0 63.0 10.3 3.9 3.6Midnight 2.0 75.8 48.4 7.1 2.9 3.0Nassau 2.2 91.2 68.6 10.0 2.5 2.1Ram I 1.3 67.7 47.0 7.3 3.0 3.2Touchdown 1.1 73.1 75.0 7.6 2.1 2.3Victa 1.7 74.9 58.3 10.0 4.7 3.5LSD (.05) 0.68 7.35 8.62 0.66 0.72 0.50______________________________________ *Panicle Nodding Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = most nodding
TABLE 4______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Spikelets of Ba 73-381 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse atMarysville, Ohio Number of Spikelet Florets Lower Whorl Third Whorl Per Spikelet Length Width Length Width Lower ThirdVariety (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 73-381 4.7 2.4 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.7Ba 73-366 4.6 2.5 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.8Abbey 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.2 3.0 3.0Adelphi 4.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 4.4 4.4America 4.6 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.5 4.3Baron 5.4 2.8 5.4 3.1 4.0 4.2Bristol 4.9 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.2 4.5Chateau 4.4 2.4 4.4 2.4 3.4 3.5Coventry 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.4 3.2 3.5Eclipse 4.6 2.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.6Georgetown 5.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 4.8 4.9Gnome 4.6 2.5 4.6 2.9 3.2 3.2Kelly 5.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8Marquis 4.3 2.2 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.9Midnight 5.3 2.5 5.5 2.4 4.4 4.7Nassau 4.7 2.6 4.8 3.0 4.2 4.3Ram I 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 3.6 3.4Touchdown 5.1 2.9 4.8 2.8 4.1 4.0Victa 4.5 2.5 4.5 2.4 3.3 3.2LSD (.05) 0.41 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.53______________________________________
TABLE 5______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse atMarysville, Ohio______________________________________ Glume Length (mm) Outer Inner Lowest Third Lowest ThirdVariety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 73-381 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1Ba 73-366 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1Abbey 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1Adelphi 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1America 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5Baron 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7Bristol 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4Chateau 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2Coventry 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1Eclipse 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4Georgetown 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3Kelly 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5Marquis 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1Midnight 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.1Nassau 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0Ram I 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5Touchdown 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8Victa 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1LSD (.05) 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23______________________________________ Glume Hairs Lowest Whorl Third Whorl Variety Outer Inner Outer Inner______________________________________ Ba 73-381 1.7 2.3 2.1 2.3 Ba 73-366 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0 Abbey 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 Adelphi 0.6 2.7 1.1 1.9 America 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 Baron 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6 Bristol 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.2 Chateau 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.8 Coventry 1.5 2.7 1.6 2.4 Eclipse 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9 Georgetown 1.7 2.7 1.2 2.5 Gnome 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6 Kelly 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8 Marquis 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.8 Midnight 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.4 Nassau 2.1 2.6 4.2 4.4 Ram I 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.2 Touchdown 0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4 Victa 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 LSD (.05) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9______________________________________
TABLE 6______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Flag Leavesof Ba 73-381 and Other Kentucky BluegrassVarieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, Ohio______________________________________Sheath.sup.4 Length Width Thickness LeafVariety (cm) (mm) (mm) Angle.sup.1 Curve.sup.2______________________________________Ba 73-381 4.3 3.5 0.223 1.9 5.0Ba 73-366 4.5 3.6 0.180 5.1 4.4Abbey 3.8 3.4 0.145 2.7 4.1Adelphi 5.7 3.4 0.178 5.2 5.0America 4.3 2.6 0.211 4.6 5.0Baron 7.0 4.2 0.152 9.2 4.4Bristol 4.3 3.2 0.211 2.3 5.0Chateau 4.0 2.7 0.193 3.4 2.0Coventry 3.7 3.0 0.140 0.7 4.3Eclipse 3.9 3.2 0.193 8.7 5.0Georgetown 5.7 2.8 0.221 1.9 5.0Gnome 4.5 3.5 0.185 4.3 5.0Kelly 4.8 4.1 0.178 3.1 4.4Marquis 5.5 3.6 0.241 2.7 4.6Midnight 3.8 2.6 0.189 1.1 5.0Nassau 6.0 3.7 0.191 5.9 4.7Ram I 3.4 3.1 0.191 1.0 4.8Touchdown 4.1 2.7 0.163 3.4 4.1Victa 3.9 3.7 0.267 2.1 4.6LSD (.05) 1.0 0.4 0.02 2.5 0.4______________________________________ Hairs.sup.3 Sheath.sup.4 Ligule on Leaf Variety (mm) Margin Ligule Color______________________________________ Ba 73-381 1.3 0.4 3.6 1.5 Ba 73-366 1.5 0.4 2.2 0.5 Abbey 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.2 Adelphi 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.4 America 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9 Baron 1.2 1.0 3.8 2.6 Bristol 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.0 Chateau 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.3 Coventry 0.9 0.8 1.7 2.0 Eclipse 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2 Georgetown 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0 Gnome 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.5 Kelly 1.5 1.1 2.5 2.2 Marquis 0.8 0.5 3.8 1.5 Midnight 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.0 Nassau 1.1 2.6 2.4 0.8 Ram I 0.7 0.5 1.3 2.0 Touchdown 1.1 1.0 1.0 7.7 Victa 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5 LSD (.05) 0.17 0.47 0.7 0.76______________________________________ .sup.1 Degrees from the stem .sup.2 Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down .sup.3 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many .sup.4 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple
TABLE 7______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Node NumbersPer Culm and Internode Length of Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse atMarysville, OH Peduncle Peduncle Culm Nodes TopVariety Length Width Length Per Internode(cm) (cm) (mm) (cm) Culm Length______________________________________Ba 73-381 24.3 0.808 39.5 3.1 10.8Ba 73-366 26.4 0.704 42.7 4.1 9.2Abbey 23.2 0.655 41.3 4.1 11.0Adelphi 24.5 0.665 40.0 4.0 10.4America 16.2 0.622 31.8 3.1 11.0Baron 34.0 0.701 52.8 4.2 12.8Bristol 22.9 0.734 43.5 4.0 12.6Chateau 20.7 0.607 38.9 4.4 9.9Coventry 19.6 0.487 34.7 4.5 7.9Eclipse 23.7 0.658 39.2 4.9 9.9Georgetown 21.7 0.683 37.5 3.2 11.1Gnome 19.4 0.836 35.3 3.1 9.2Kelly 29.4 0.752 46.6 3.6 11.8Marquis 27.1 0.831 34.1 3.4 7.8Midnight 20.5 0.722 29.5 2.8 7.6Nassau 25.0 0.663 36.0 3.9 7.4Ram I 22.2 0.694 30.5 2.5 6.6Touchdown 23.6 0.519 38.0 4.0 8.4Victa 21.2 0.808 37.9 3.7 10.3LSD (.05) 3.2 0.08 3.3 0.4 1.9______________________________________
TABLE 8______________________________________Morphological Comparison of VegetativeLeaves of Ba 73-381 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH______________________________________ Length Width Thickness LeafVariety (cm) (mm) (mm) Angle.sup.1 Curve.sup.2______________________________________Ba 73-381 22.1 3.3 0.300 62.5 8.2Ba 73-366 22.9 3.8 0.401 53.0 7.1Abbey 20.7 3.6 0.277 51.3 7.4Adelphi 19.4 3.7 0.279 67.0 4.6America 21.4 3.1 0.325 66.0 6.4Baron 18.2 4.3 0.290 35.0 4.4Bristol 18.2 3.7 0.320 65.5 6.9Chateau 23.1 3.3 0.328 39.7 5.4Coventry 23.4 3.6 0.249 63.0 7.3Eclipse 20.3 4.4 0.302 65.5 5.4Georgetown 19.5 3.6 0.287 56.7 5.8Gnome 18.2 2.9 0.290 43.2 6.6Kelly 22.8 3.9 0.300 55.5 7.0Marquis 19.7 3.7 0.376 46.8 7.8Midnight 19.5 3.5 0.310 63.3 5.0Nassau 16.3 3.7 0.292 63.2 4.9Ram I 19.1 3.6 0.271 70.8 6.5Touchdown 16.7 3.7 0.243 51.3 4.0Victa 21.5 3.6 0.360 56.3 6.7LSD (.05) 3.5 0.43 0.04 15.9 1.5______________________________________ Hairs.sup.3 Ligule Leaf Leaf SheathVariety (mm) Ligule Margin Roughness.sup.4 Color.sup.5______________________________________Ba 73-381 0.16 3.2 0.7 8.2 2.0Ba 73-366 0.23 5.2 4.2 8.5 0.0Abbey 0.32 4.4 2.8 7.7 0.0Adelphi 0.34 2.6 3.4 8.8 0.0America 0.12 1.7 2.1 8.4 2.0Baron 0.33 4.6 3.6 7.4 0.4Bristol 0.12 2.6 3.0 8.9 2.0Chateau 0.22 3.3 3.1 7.8 0.5Coventry 0.32 3.1 2.4 8.1 0.3Eclipse 0.38 2.8 2.6 9.0 0.2Georgetown 0.14 2.5 2.4 8.5 2.0Gnome 0.23 1.6 0.8 7.5 1.4Kelly 0.34 4.6 2.4 8.8 0.0Marquis 0.21 3.6 1.1 6.8 1.1Midnight 0.10 1.3 1.6 7.7 2.0Nassau 0.34 2.5 3.3 8.5 1.4Ram I 0.09 1.8 2.0 7.7 2.0Touchdown 0.29 1.4 1.3 7.9 8.0Victa 0.26 2.3 1.7 7.9 0.1LSD (.05) 0.04 0.79 0.70 0.89 0.57______________________________________ .sup.1 Degrees from stem .sup.2 Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curve up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curve down .sup.3 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many .sup.4 Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = rough; 9 = smooth .sup.5 Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple
Ba 73-381 has performed well throughout the U.S.A. as exhibited by medium to high turf quality ratings in a number of locations across the U.S.A. in comparison to other Kentucky bluegrass varieties. In addition, it has a pleasant medium green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season, a substantial level of living ground cover and a medium wide leaf.
Comparisons of Ba 73-381 with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties for quality are set forth hereinafter in Tables 9-12:
TABLE 9______________________________________Comparison of Turfgrass Quality of Ba 73-381 andOther Kentucky bluegrass Varieties at VariousLocations in the U.S.A. Locations.sup.1Variety A B C D E F G______________________________________Ba 73-381 8.0 6.9 5.4 6.5 5.3 6.8 5.1Ba 73-366 7.7 7.2 5.3 6.5 5.0 6.6 4.9Abbey 7.0 6.9 5.5 5.4 4.9 6.8 5.0Able I 7.7 7.5 5.9 7.0 5.7 6.5 5.0A-34 8.7 6.8 4.6 7.0 5.4 6.2 4.9Banff 8.7 6.6 6.1 6.8 4.6 6.7 5.1Baron 7.7 7.2 5.7 7.0 5.7 7.0 5.7Classic 8.3 6.9 6.2 6.8 4.3 6.7 4.8Coventry 8.7 6.3 5.9 6.7 5.8 7.0 4.7Eclipse 8.3 6.7 6.5 6.2 5.1 7.3 5.0Estate 8.7 7.0 5.5 7.0 6.0 6.4 5.0Georgetown 8.0 6.6 6.6 6.5 4.9 6.9 4.4Glade 9.0 7.4 7.5 7.0 5.6 7.6 4.3Gnome 8.0 6.8 5.0 7.0 5.0 7.0 3.9Haga 8.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 5.1 6.8 4.5Kelly 7.7 7.2 5.8 6.5 5.0 6.8 5.0Kenblue 7.7 6.4 3.3 7.0 3.8 6.2 3.9Marquis 8.0 6.8 5.3 6.7 5.5 6.5 4.9Merion 6.7 5.1 2.7 5.2 4.2 4.8 3.2Merit 8.0 6.9 4.9 6.5 4.1 6.6 5.0Midnight 8.0 7.1 8.3 6.7 4.7 7.7 4.9Monopoly 7.7 6.5 5.0 7.3 4.8 6.1 5.1Nassau 8.0 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.5 6.3 4.8Ram I 8.0 7.8 6.0 7.3 5.2 7.0 5.3South Dakota 7.0 6.6 3.0 6.2 2.1 4.9 3.0Touchdown 9.0 7.2 4.2 6.7 3.3 6.5 4.7LSD (.05) 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.9______________________________________ Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = ideal turf .sup.1 Locations: A. Fort Collins, CO; B. Ames, IA; C. Adelphia, N.J.; D. Marysville, OH; E. Hubbard, OR; F. Beltsville, MD; G. Blacksburg, Va.
TABLE 10______________________________________A Comparison of Quality of Ba 73-381 and other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Prince Fredrick, Maryland Determined atVarious Time Periods A-EQuality.sup.1 Mean of Mean ofVariety A B A and B C D E C-E______________________________________Ba 73-381 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.8Adelphi 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.8Bristol 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.8Glade 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.5 1.4 2.5 2.1Kelly 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.8Merion 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.6 2.5 2.1Merit 2.7 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.7Nugget 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Park 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.7Vantage 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.8Victa 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.9Mean 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.5LSD (.05) 1.3 1.3 0.72 1.0 0.62______________________________________ .sup.1 Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = best
TABLE 11______________________________________A Comparison of Quality of Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OHDetermined at Times A and BQualityVariety A B______________________________________Ba 73-381 6.0 7.3Ba 73-366 7.0 7.3Abbey 6.3 7.0Amazon 5.3 5.3Baron 6.0 6.3Bristol 5.0 6.0Coventry 6.0 6.7Cynthia 5.7 6.7Gnome 6.0 6.7Haga 6.7 7.0Kenblue 6.3 6.3Merion 5.0 6.3Merit 6.3 6.7Midnight 6.0 6.0Monopoly 6.7 7.7Park 6.3 6.0Ram I 6.3 7.7South Dakota 4.7 6.0Victa 6.0 7.3Mean 5.9 6.5LSD (.05) 1.0 1.0______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = ideal turf
TABLE 12______________________________________A Comparison of Quality of Ba 73-381 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties Grown Under Shade Conditions atMarysville, OH at Various Time Periods A-FQualityVariety A B C D E F______________________________________Ba 73-381 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.6Ba 73-366 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.5Adelphi 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3Bristol 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3Merion 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.5Newport 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1Nugget 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1Park 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1Vantage 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3Victa 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.5Mean 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2LSD (.05) 0.3 0.13 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = best
With regard to a comparative analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba 73-381 plants relative to other Kentucky bluegrass varieties, readings were taken of the the vegetative color of Ba 73-381 during mid-May while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability. The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 73-381 was determined to be 5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ba 73-366 -5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-540 - 5 GY 4/4; Abbey - 5 GY 3/4; and Coventry - 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general apparent color of turf does not always correlate directly with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Further comparisons of Ba 73-381 with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties for genetic color are set forth hereinafter in Table 13:
TABLE 13______________________________________A Comparison of Genetic Color of Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Various Locations in theU.S.A. Locations.sup.1Variety A B C D E E F Mean______________________________________Ba 73-381 5.0 6.7 5.0 5.4 7.7 6.7 5.7 6.0Ba 73-366 4.7 5.7 4.3 4.3 7.0 7.0 5.7 5.5Abbey 4.0 6.2 5.3 4.3 7.0 6.0 6.7 5.6Able I 4.7 7.3 8.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 6.0 6.6A-34 4.0 5.0 3.7 4.3 7.0 6.0 5.3 5.0Banff 5.7 4.7 4.0 5.0 6.7 6.0 4.0 5.1Baron 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 7.3 7.3 6.3 6.0Classic 5.3 5.2 4.3 5.0 6.7 5.7 4.3 5.2Coventry 5.3 5.8 5.7 4.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.9Eclipse 5.0 7.0 6.3 5.3 7.3 6.3 7.0 6.3Estate 4.7 6.2 5.7 5.3 6.7 6.7 5.7 5.8Georgetown 4.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.2Glade 5.3 7.3 7.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.7Gnome 5.3 5.5 5.7 4.7 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.0Haga 4.3 5.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 6.0 4.3 5.1Kelly 4.7 6.2 4.7 4.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 5.6Kenblue 3.7 4.3 3.7 3.7 7.0 6.0 4.0 4.6Marquis 5.0 6.5 5.3 5.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.1Merion 4.3 6.7 6.3 4.3 7.0 5.3 6.0 5.7Merit 5.0 6.3 4.7 4.3 7.0 7.0 5.3 5.7Midnight 6.0 7.7 8.3 6.3 8.0 7.7 6.0 7.1Monopoly 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.7 4.0 4.8Nassau 5.7 6.7 5.7 5.0 8.0 6.7 4.7 6.0Ram I 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.7South Dakota 4.0 5.2 3.0 3.0 7.0 5.3 4.0 4.5Touchdown 4.7 6.3 4.3 4.7 7.3 6.3 5.0 5.5LSD (.05) 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.5______________________________________ Ratings Scale: 1-9; 9 = dark green .sup.1 Locations: A. Fort Collins, CO; B. Post Falls, ID; C. North Brunswick, NJ; D. Marysville, OH; E. Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR; F. Haymarket, VA
Ba 73-381 developes good density and a high degree of living ground cover. It has a moderately wide blade as identified by leaf texture data. Also, Ba 73-381 has good seedling vigor. Data for these performance characteristics are presented in Tables 14-17 as follows:
TABLE 14______________________________________Comparison of Density of Ba 73-381 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OHVariety Density______________________________________Ba 73-381 6.6Ba 73-366 6.3Abbey 6.0Aspen 5.7A-34 6.0Banff 6.3Baron 6.3Bristol 5.3Classic 6.7Coventry 6.7Eclipse 6.3Estate 7.3Georgetown 6.3Glade 6.7Gnome 6.3Haga 6.3Kelly 6.0Kenblue 6.0Marquis 6.3Merion 4.7Merit 6.7Midnight 6.3Monopoly 6.7Nassau 5.7Ram I 7.0Touchdown 6.0Victa 6.7Mean 6.1LSD (.05) 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = most dense cover
TABLE 15______________________________________Comparison of Percent Living Ground Cover in the Fall of Ba73-381, and other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Haymarket,VA % LivingVariety Ground Cover______________________________________Ba 73-381 50.0Ba 73-366 21.7Abbey 31.7Able I 36.7A-34 46.7Banff 46.7Baron 30.0Classic 40.0Coventry 43.3Eclipse 33.3Estate 38.3Georgetown 55.0Glade 43.3Gnome 38.3Haga 58.3Kelly 43.3Kenblue 11.7marquis 35.0Merion 40.0Merit 28.3Midnight 11.7Monopoly 43.3Nassau 43.3Ram I 28.3South Dakota 30.0Touchdown 26.7LSD (.05) 27.4______________________________________
TABLE 16______________________________________Comparison of Leaf Texture of Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Martinsville, NJVariety Leaf Texture______________________________________Ba 73-381 4.0Ba 73-366 4.3Abbey 5.0Able I 5.7A-34 4.3Banff 5.3Baron 5.0Classic 5.3Coventry 5.0Eclipse 5.7Estate 4.3Georgetown 6.0Glade 5.0Gnome 5.3Haga 5.7Kelly 4.3Kenblue 6.0Marquis 4.3Merion 4.0Merit 4.7Midnight 6.7Monopoly 5.0Nassau 5.0Ram I 5.0South Dakota 3.7Touchdown 5.3LSD (.05) 0.9______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = very fine
TABLE 17______________________________________A Comparison of Seedling Vigor of Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Various Locations.sup.1 in theU.S.A. and Canada Seedling VigorVariety Mean______________________________________Ba 73-381 6.3Ba 73-366 6.3Abbey 6.4Able I 6.3A-34 6.0Banff 7.7Baron 6.7Classic 7.1Coventry 6.1Eclipse 6.1Estate 6.1Georgetown 7.0Glade 6.7Gnome 6.3Haga 7.1Kelly 6.6Kenblue 7.4Marquis 6.3Merion 2.6Merit 6.4Midnight 5.4Monopoly 7.1Nassau 6.4Ram I 6.5South Dakota 6.7Touchdown 5.8LSD (.05) 0.7______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Maximum vigor .sup.2 Locations: Fort Collins, CO; Post Falls, ID; North Brunswick, NJ; Adelphia, NJ; Richmond Hill, Ontario; pooled data Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR.
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance among locations and years. Ba 73-381 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot, melting out and crown rot caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); a medium to high level of resistance to several rust diseases caused by Puccinia spp., and to stripe smut caused by Utilago striiformis.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 73-381 as compared with other bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, rusts, dollarspot, and stripe smut are set forth in Tables 18-23. Additional comparisons are presented in Table 24-26 identifying high speed yields relative to other bluegrasses.
TABLE 18______________________________________Ccomparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under Shade Conditions atMarysville, OHVariety % Leaf Spot______________________________________Ba 73-381 0.0Ba 73-366 0.0Adelphi 5.0America 40.0Banff 2.5Bristol 0.0Classic 5.0Eclipse 2.5Georgetown 7.5Glade 7.5Kenblue 10.0Merion 0.0Merit 0.0Nassau 0.0Newport 0.0Park 50.0Ram I 40.0Sydsport 27.5Vantage 2.5Victa 2.5Mean 9.8LSD (.05) 26.7______________________________________
TABLE 19______________________________________Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OHVariety Leaf Spot______________________________________Ba 73-381 7.3Ba 73-366 6.7Adelphi 6.3Banff 6.5Baron 7.0Bonnieblue 7.0Bristol 7.3Classic 6.0Eclipse 7.0Georgetown 6.3Glade 5.3Kelly 7.0Kenblue 7.0Merion 6.7Merit 7.0Nassau 7.0Newport 6.7Park 6.3Ram I 6.0Vantage 6.7Victa 7.0Mean 6.8LSD (.05) 1.1______________________________________ Ratings Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease.
TABLE 20______________________________________Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence in Ba 73-381 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under ShadeConditions at Marysville, OH During Time Periods A and B % Powdery MildewVariety A B______________________________________Ba 73-381 75.0 55.0Ba 73-366 80.0 27.5Adelphi 35.0 37.5Bristol 30.0 17.5Glade 35.0 45.0Merion 75.0 67.5Monopoly 7.5 15.0Nassau 27.5 45.0Park 50.0 35.0Ram I 50.0 42.5Vantage 37.5 10.0Victa 87.5 50.0Mean 48.0 35.6LSD (.05) 43.0 22.0______________________________________
TABLE 21______________________________________Comparison of Stem Rust and Leaf Rust Incidence in Ba 73-381and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.Variety Stem Rust Leaf Rust______________________________________Ba 73-381 7.3 6.3Ba 73-366 6.7 5.7Abbey 7.0 6.3Able I 3.3 7.0A-34 4.3 6.0Banff 7.7 7.0Baron 7.0 8.3Classic 8.0 8.7Coventry 6.7 7.0Eclipse 4.0 5.7Estate 6.3 6.3Georgetown 8.7 7.7Glade 7.7 7.0Gnome 7.0 6.7Haga 8.0 7.0Kelly 8.0 5.0Kenblue 5.7 6.7Marquis 6.7 6.3Merion 1.0 2.3Merit 6.3 6.0Midnight 8.0 6.0Monopoly 6.3 5.3Nassau 8.0 7.0Ram I 8.0 6.7South Dakota 4.3 6.7Touchdown 2.3 3.7LSD (.05) 1.4 2.4______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 22______________________________________Comparison of Stripe Rust Incidence in Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties developed from pooled data atHalsey, Hubbard and Gervais, ORVariety Strive Rust______________________________________Ba 73-381 4.7Ba 73-366 5.0Abbey 4.3Able I 6.0A-34 5.0Banff 6.0Baron 6.0Classic 6.3Coventry 5.0Eclipse 6.0Estate 5.7Georgetown 6.3Glade 3.0Gnome 4.7Haga 6.3Kelly 5.0Kenblue 3.3Marquis 5.3Merion 3.7Merit 5.0Midnight 4.7Monopoly 5.3Nassau 5.3Ram I 6.0South Dakota 4.0Touchdown 3.0LSD (.05) 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 23______________________________________Comparison of Stripe Smut Incidence in Ba 73-381 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OHVariety Strive Smut______________________________________Ba 73-381 7.0Ba 73-366 6.3Adelphi 7.7America 6.7Banff 8.0Baron 8.0Bonnieblue 8.0Bristol 7.7Classic 8.0Eclipse 7.3Georgetown 7.7Glade 7.7Kelly 6.3Kenblue 7.0Merion 7.7Merit 5.7Nassau 7.7Newport 7.3Park 6.7Ram I 7.3Vantage 7.3Victa 5.0Mean 7.0LSD (.05) 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = least disease
TABLE 24______________________________________Comparison of Seed Yields of Ba 73-381 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Gervais, Oregon During ConsecutiveGrowing Years A-D Lbs/AcreVariety A B C D______________________________________Ba 73-381 626 1196 740 1261Bristol 347 808 627 684Julia 296 1016 -- --Kelly 672 1136 760 1265Mosa 322 1060 -- --Newport 435 1256 -- --Victa 780 1394 855 1287LSD (.05) 140 134 105 --______________________________________
TABLE 25______________________________________Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre for Ba 73-381and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Over a 3 year Periodat Gervais, Oregon Lbs/AcreVariety Year 1 Year 2 Year 3______________________________________Ba 73-381 970 1306 558Ba 73-366 920 1258 521Abbey 1124 1314 629Apart 1244 851 812Coventry 786 914 649Newport 1165 1002 1177LSD (.05) 209 176 158______________________________________
TABLE 26______________________________________Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre for Ba 73-381and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at La Grande, Oregon Variety Lbs/Acre______________________________________ Ba 73-381 1,551 Ba 73-366 1,612 Abbey 1,549 Coventry 1,046 LSD (.05) 160______________________________________
Claims
  • 1. A variety of Kentucky bluegrass, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to several serious diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, several rust diseases, and stripe smut, a desirable green color throughout the growing season, forms a turf of good quality under a wide variety of environmental conditions, has a moderately wide blade and a high level of seed yielding capacity.