Information
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Patent Grant
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PP9848
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Patent Number
PP9,848
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Date Filed
Monday, September 25, 199530 years ago
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Date Issued
Tuesday, April 1, 199728 years ago
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Inventors
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Original Assignees
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Examiners
Agents
- Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue
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US Classifications
Field of Search
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International Classifications
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Abstract
A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass having a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot and melting out disease, dollar spot, rusts, stripe smut and powdery mildew; a dark green color throughout the growing season; the ability to form medium to high quality turf under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide blade; a low growth habit; and a medium level of seed yielding capacity.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa pretensis that has been designated Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 3,156, issued May 9, 1972; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 6,280, issued Sep. 6, 1988; U.S. Pat. Nos. P.P. 6,537 and 6,538, issued on Jan. 17, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 8,490, issued Dec. 7, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 9,036, issued Jan. 3, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. P.P. 9,209, issued Jul. 18, 1995; and pending U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/453,864, filed May 30, 1995.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY
Ba 74-114 plant material originated by crossing a Vantage Kentucky bluegrass plant as the seed parent with an Anheuser Dwarf Kentucky bluegrass plant as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Oreg. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trials and later seed production fields. Asexual production of Ba 74-114 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba74-114 is approximately 95% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 74-114 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Drechslera spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot; Scherotinia homoeocarpa that causes dollar spot; Puccinia spp. that causes several types of rust infections; Erysiphe graminis that causes powdery mildew and Ustilago striiformis that causes stripe smut. Ba 74-114 has an attractive leafy turf type, low growth habit; moderately wide leaf blades and an attractive dark green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season. Ba 74-114 demonstrates strong early spring greening and good winter color under mild winter conditions.
Ba 74-114 is an overall good turfgrass performer as evidenced by medium to high scores for quality and color. Ba 74-114 has a medium seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of the northwestern U.S.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses, Ba 74-114 has a significantly longer seed and rachilla than many other grasses and a below average seed count. The panicle is significantly longer than many other grasses, below average in width and whorl number and a significantly lower branch count. Ba 74-114 has significantly larger spikelets, longer glumes and above average number of florets. Its culm and internode are significantly longer than many other grasses. The peduncle is slightly above average in length and width. It has a flag leaf that is above average in length and width and significantly thicker than many other grasses. The vegetative leaf is below average in length but it is a significantly wider leaf than most other grasses and significantly thicker than many other grasses. The ligule of the vegetative leaf is significantly shorter and sheath color is significantly greater than many other grasses.
Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass is lower growing, darker green in color and substantially more resistant to leaf spot disease than Vantage Kentucky Bluegrass, its seed parent. Ba 74-114 is a higher seed yielder and a more vigorous plant than Anheuser Kentucky Bluegrass, its pollen parent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is a Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a Ba 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass plant shortly after completing anthesis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY
BA 74-114 Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the field under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during later winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 44.9 cm in length and 3.7 nodes per culm and the uppermost internode averages 13.4 cm in length. The peduncle averages 24.7 cm in length and 0.71 mm in width. The vegetative leaf averages 18.9 cm in length, 4.5 mm in width and 0.36 mm in thickness and the ligule 0.14 mm in length. The flag leaf averages 5.3 cm in length, 3.4 mm in width, 0.23 mm in thickness and a ligule length of 1.2 mm.
The panicle averages 88.8 mm in length, 52.0 mm in width, and 9.3 whorls. Both the lowest whorl and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle average 2.1 branches. A spikelet in the lowest whorl averages 5.6 mm in length, 3.2 mm in width, 4.1 florets and the outer glume and inner glume average 3.5 and 3.9 mm in length, respectively. A spikelet from the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle averages 5.6 mm in length, 3.3 mm in width, 4.1 florets, and the outer glume and inner glume averages 3.3 and 3.8 mm in length, respectively.
After the seed has been conditioned, the lemma has a generally smooth keel with occasional short hairs and a few long fine hairs at the base. Conditioned seed of Ba 74-114 averages 3.23 mm in length, 0.89 mm in width, a rachilla length of 0.88 mm, and, contains an average quantity of lemma hairs. The seed count for Ba 74-114 averages approximately 978,000 seeds per pound.
Comparisons of Ba 74-114 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in terms of seed dimension and seed numbers per pound are shown in Tables 1 and 2 as follows:
TABLE 1______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Seed and Rachilla Measurementsand Lemma Hair of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky BluegrassVarieties at Marysville, OH After Conditioning Seed Length Width Rachilla Lemma*Variety mm mm mm Hair______________________________________Ba 74-114 3.23 0.89 0.88 4.2Ba73-366 3.04 0.91 0.80 4.4Ba73-381 3.00 0.94 0.86 4.9Abbey 2.97 0.89 0.80 3.8Adelphi 2.70 0.84 0.65 4.4America 2.40 0.68 0.68 2.8Baron 3.08 0.81 0.71 5.0Bristol 2.94 0.88 0.73 4.3Chateau 2.81 0.86 0.71 4.5Coventry 2.71 0.81 0.70 4.0Eclipse 2.77 0.83 0.68 3.5Georgetown 2.94 0.82 0.74 4.9Gnome 2.78 0.83 0.75 4.1Kelly 3.07 0.89 0.75 4.2Marquis 2.97 0.87 0.83 4.7Midnight 2.94 0.76 0.78 5.7Nassau 3.07 0.86 0.68 3.4Ram I 3.23 0.89 0.80 6.0Touchdown 2.93 0.88 0.71 4.6Victa 3.00 0.80 0.82 3.5LSD (.05) 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.86______________________________________ *Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = longest row of hairs
TABLE 2______________________________________Comparison of Seed Numbers Per Pound of Ba 74-114 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville,OH After ConditioningVariety Seeds Per Pound______________________________________Ba 74-114 978,000Ba73-366 1,025,586Ba73-381 1,171,000Abbey 1,003,037Adelphi 1,383,976America 1,659,824Baron 1,051,693Bristol 1,270,821Chateau 1,300,105Coventry 1,246,200Eclipse 1,335,668Georgetown 1,431,000Gnome 1,017,641Kelly 921,166Marquis 1,054,642Midnight 1,227,000Nassau 1,127,130Ram I 1,214,000Touchdown 1,211,000Victa 1,038,298______________________________________
Ba 74-114 differs significantly morphologically from many other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to the following characteristics: (1) seed length; (2) rachilla length; (3) panicle length; (4) number of branches in the whorl; (5) spikelet length and width; (6) glume length and width; (7) culm length and internode length; (8) flag leaf thickness; and (9) vegetative leaf width and sheath color.
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisons of morphological characteristics of Ba 74-114 were made with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties and the comparisons are set forth in the following Tables 3-8:
TABLE 3______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Panicles, Whorl Number andWhorl Branches of Ba 74-114 and Other Kentucky BluegrassVarieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH NumberPanicles of Branches Nod- Length Width Whorl Lowest ThirdVariety ding* mm mm Number Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 74-114 2.0 88.8 62.0 9.3 2.1 2.1Ba73-366 1.6 88.8 68.4 8.8 4.3 3.7Ba73-381 1.1 80.2 55.3 9.8 4.1 3.9Abbey 1.6 80.4 59.3 9.3 3.8 3.3Adelphi 1.8 106.8 76.4 10.0 3.6 3.0America 2.3 67.7 51.1 8.8 3.3 3.5Baron 2.2 92.6 71.0 10.0 3.4 2.8Bristol 2.0 85.5 61.5 8.4 2.8 2.7Chateau 2.9 65.2 57.3 8.5 3.3 2.8Coventry 2.5 64.0 54.2 8.4 3.3 2.5Eclipse 1.3 89.2 74.0 10.7 3.3 2.1George- 1.0 80.0 57.0 7.4 2.1 2.6townGnome 1.1 80.6 56.0 10.6 4.6 3.9Kelly 2.0 88.0 70.2 9.8 4.6 3.7Marquis 1.1 82.0 63.0 10.3 3.9 3.6Midnight 2.0 75.8 48.4 7.1 2.9 3.0Nassau 2.2 91.2 68.6 10.0 2.5 2.1Ram I 1.3 67.7 47.0 7.3 3.0 3.2Touchdown 1.1 73.1 75.0 7.6 2.1 2.3LSD (.05) 0.68 7.35 8.62 0.66 0.72 0.50______________________________________ *Rate Scale: 1-9; 9 = most nodding
TABLE 4______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Spikelets and Florets ofBa 74-114 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in theGreenhouse at Marysville, OH Number of Florets Spikelet* Per Lowest Whorl Third Whorl Spikelet Length Width Length Width Lowest ThirdVariety mm mm mm mm Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 74-114 5.6 3.2 5.6 3.3 4.1 4.1Ba73-366 4.6 2.5 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.8Ba73-381 4.7 2.4 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.7Abbey 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.2 3.0 3.0Adelphi 4.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 4.4 4.4America 4.6 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.5 4.3Baron 5.4 2.8 5.4 3.1 4.0 4.2Bristol 4.9 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.2 4.5Chateau 4.4 2.4 4.4 2.4 3.4 3.5Coventry 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.4 3.2 3.5Eclipse 4.6 2.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.6Georgetown 5.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 4.8 4.9Gnome 4.6 2.5 4.6 2.9 3.2 3.2Kelly 5.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8Marquis 4.3 2.2 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.9Midnight 5.3 2.5 5.5 2.4 4.4 4.7Nassau 4.7 2.6 4.8 3.0 4.2 4.3Ram I 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 3.6 3.4Touchdown 5.1 2.9 4.8 2.8 4.1 4.0Victa 4.5 2.5 4.5 2.4 3.3 3.2LSD (.05) 0.41 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.53______________________________________ *Microscope measurements
TABLE 5______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in theGreenhouse at Marysville, OH______________________________________ Glume Length (mm) Outer Inner Lowest Third Lowest ThirdVariety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 74-114 3.5 3.3 3.9 3.8Ba73-366 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1Ba73-381 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1Abbey 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1Adelphi 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1America 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5Baron 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7Bristol 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4Chateau 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2Coventry 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1Eclipse 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4Georgetown 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3Kelly 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5Marquis 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1Midnight 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.1Nassau 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0Ram I 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5Touchdown 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8Victa 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1LSD (.05) 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23______________________________________ Glume Hairs* Lowest Whorl Third WhorlVariety Outer Inner Outer Inner______________________________________Ba 74-114 2.6 3.2 2.2 2.8Ba73-366 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0Ba73-381 1.7 2.3 2.1 2.3Abbey 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0Adelphi 0.6 2.7 1.1 1.9America 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3Baron 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6Bristol 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.2Chateau 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.8Coventry 1.5 2.7 1.6 2.4Eclipse 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9Georgetown 1.7 2.7 1.2 2.4Gnome 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6Kelly 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8Marquis 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.8Midnight 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.4Nassau 2.1 2.6 4.2 4.4Ram I 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.2Touchdown 0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4Victa 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3LSD (.05) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9______________________________________ *Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = most hairs
TABLE 6______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves of Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in theGreenhouse at Marysville, OH______________________________________ Length Width ThicknessVariety cm mm mm Angle.sup.1/ Curve.sup.2/______________________________________Ba 74-114 5.3 3.4 0.23 1.4 5.0Ba73-366 4.5 3.6 0.18 5.1 4.4Ba73-381 4.3 3.5 0.22 1.9 5.0Abbey 3.8 3.4 0.14 2.7 4.1Adelphi 5.7 3.4 0.18 5.2 5.0America 4.3 2.6 0.21 4.6 5.0Baron 7.0 4.2 0.15 9.2 4.4Bristol 4.3 3.2 0.21 2.3 5.0Chateau 4.0 2.7 0.19 3.4 2.0Coventry 3.7 3.0 0.14 0.7 4.3Eclipse 3.9 3.2 0.19 8.7 5.0Georgetown 5.7 2.8 0.22 1.9 5.0Gnome 4.5 3.5 0.18 4.3 5.0Kelly 4.8 4.1 0.18 3.1 4.4Marquis 5.5 3.6 0.24 2.7 4.6Midnight 3.8 2.6 0.19 1.1 5.0Nassau 6.0 3.7 0.19 5.9 4.7Ram I 3.4 3.1 0.19 1.0 4.8Touchdown 4.1 2.7 0.16 3.4 4.1Victa 3.9 3.7 0.27 2.1 4.6LSD (.05) 1.0 0.4 0.02 2.5 0.4______________________________________ Hairs.sup.3/ Leaf SheathVariety Ligule mm Margin Ligule Color.sup.4/______________________________________Ba 74-114 1.2 0.5 2.1 1.8Ba73-366 1.5 0.4 2.2 0.5Ba73-381 1.3 0.4 3.6 1.5Abbey 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.2Adelphi 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.4America 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9Baron 1.2 1.0 3.8 2.6Bristol 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.0Chateau 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.3Coventry 0.9 0.8 1.7 2.0Eclipse 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2Georgetown 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0Gnome 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.5Kelly 1.5 1.1 2.5 2.2Marquis 0.8 0.5 3.8 1.5Midnight 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.0Nassau 1.1 2.6 2.4 0.8Ram I 0.7 0.5 1.3 2.0Touchdown 1.1 1.0 1.0 7.7Victa 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5LSD (.05) 0.17 0.47 0.7 0.76______________________________________ .sup.1/ Degrees from the stem .sup.2/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down .sup.3/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many .sup.4/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = dark purple
TABLE 7______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, NodeNumbers Per Culm and Internode Length of Ba 74-114 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouseat Marysville, OH Peduncle Peduncle Culm Nodes Top Length Width Length Per InternodeVariety cm mm cm Culm Length cm______________________________________Ba 74-114 24.7 0.71 44.9 3.7 13.4Ba73-366 26.4 0.70 42.7 4.1 9.2Ba73-381 24.3 0.81 39.5 3.1 10.8Abbey 23.2 0.65 41.3 4.1 11.0Adelphi 24.5 0.66 40.0 4.0 10.4America 16.2 0.62 31.8 3.1 11.0Baron 34.0 0.70 52.8 4.2 12.8Bristol 22.9 0.73 43.5 4.0 12.6Chateau 20.7 0.61 38.9 4.4 9.9Coventry 19.6 0.49 34.7 4.5 7.9Eclipse 23.7 0.66 39.2 4.9 9.9Georgetown 21.7 0.68 37.5 3.2 11.1Gnome 19.4 0.84 35.3 3.1 9.2Kelly 29.4 0.75 46.6 3.6 11.8Marquis 27.1 0.83 34.1 3.4 7.8Midnight 20.5 0.72 29.5 2.8 7.6Nassau 25.0 0.66 36.0 3.9 7.4Ram I 22.2 0.69 30.5 2.5 6.6Touchdown 23.6 0.52 38.0 4.0 8.4Victa 21.2 0.81 37.9 3.7 10.3LSD (.05) 3.2 0.08 3.3 0.4 1.9______________________________________
TABLE 8______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Vegetative Leaves of Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouseat Marysville, OH______________________________________ Length Width Thickness LeafVariety cm mm mm Angle.sup.1/ Curve.sub.2/______________________________________Ba 74-114 18.9 4.5 0.36 50.9 5.0Ba73-366 22.9 3.8 0.40 53.0 7.1Ba73-381 22.1 3.3 0.30 62.5 8.2Abbey 20.7 3.6 0.28 51.3 7.4Adelphi 19.4 3.7 0.28 67.0 4.6America 21.4 3.1 0.32 66.0 6.4Baron 18.2 4.3 0.29 35.0 4.4Bristol 18.2 3.7 0.32 65.5 6.9Chateau 23.1 3.3 0.33 39.7 5.4Coventry 23.4 3.6 0.25 63.0 7.3Eclipse 20.3 4.4 0.30 65.5 5.4Georgetown 19.5 3.6 0.29 56.7 5.8Gnome 18.2 2.9 0.29 43.2 6.6Kelly 22.8 3.9 0.30 55.5 7.0Marquis 19.7 3.7 0.38 46.4 7.8Midnight 19.5 3.5 0.31 63.3 5.0Nassau 16.3 3.7 0.29 63.2 4.9Ram I 19.1 3.6 0.27 70.8 6.5Touchdown 16.7 3.7 0.24 51.3 4.0Victa 21.5 3.6 0.36 56.3 6.7LSD (.05) 3.5 0.43 0.04 15.9 1.5______________________________________ Ligule Hairs.sup.3/ Length Leaf Leaf Sheath SheathVariety mm Ligule Margin Roughness.sup.4/ Color.sup.5/______________________________________Ba 74-114 0.14 3.3 2.6 8.7 2.0Ba73-366 0.23 5.2 4.2 8.5 0.0Ba73-381 0.16 3.2 0.7 8.2 2.0Abbey 0.32 4.4 2.8 7.7 0.0Adelphi 0.34 2.6 3.4 8.8 0.0America 0.12 1.7 2.1 8.4 2.0Baron 0.33 4.6 3.6 7.4 0.4Bristol 0.12 2.6 3.0 8.9 2.0Chateau 0.22 3.3 3.1 7.8 0.5Coventry 0.32 3.1 2.4 8.1 0.3Eclipse 0.38 2.8 2.6 9.0 0.2Georgetown 0.14 2.5 2.4 8.5 2.0Gnome 0.23 1.6 0.8 7.5 1.4Kelly 0.34 4.6 2.4 8.8 0.0Marquis 0.21 3.6 1.1 6.8 1.1Midnight 0.10 1.3 1.6 7.7 2.0Nassau 0.34 2.5 3.3 8.5 1.4Ram I 0.09 1.8 2.0 7.7 2.0Touchdown 0.29 1.4 1.3 7.9 8.0Victa 0.26 2.3 1.7 7.9 0.1LSD (.05) 0.04 0.79 0.70 0.89 0.57______________________________________ .sup.1/ Degrees from the stem .sup.2/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = curves up; 5 = no curve; 9 = curves down .sup.3/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many .sup.4/ Rating Scale: 1-9; 1 = rough; 9 = smooth .sup.5/ Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = no color; 9 = dark purple color
Ba 74-114 has performed well throughout the U.S., as exhibited by medium to high turf quality ratings in comparison to many other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties. In addition, it has a deep dark green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season.
With regard to a comparative analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba 74-114 plants relative to other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, readings were taken of the vegetative color of Ba 74-114 during mid-May while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability. The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 74-114 was determined to be 7.5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ba 73-381 -- 5GY 4/4; Ba 73-366 -- 5 GY 4/4; Ba 73-540 -- 5 GY 4/4; Abbey -- 5 GY 3/4; and Coventry -- 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general apparent color or turf does not always correlate directly with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Comparisons of Ba 74-114 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieities for quality, genetic color, spring greening and winter color are set forth hereinafter in Tables 9-15:
TABLE 9______________________________________A Comparison of Quality of Ba 74-114 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Seven Locations in the U.S. Locations.sup.1/Variety 1 2 3 4 5 6 7______________________________________Va 74-114 6.4 7.3 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.3 4.9Ba73-366 7.2 5.1 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.7Ba73-381 6.9 5.1 5.4 4.2 5.3 4.2 4.1Abbey 6.9 5.1 5.5 4.9 5.1 3.5 4.2Able I 7.5 7.3 5.9 5.2 5.7 5.9 4.7Banff 6.6 6.2 6.1 5.3 4.6 5.1 4.2Baron 7.2 5.4 5.7 5.0 5.7 5.3 4.6Challenger 6.6 7.3 4.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 4.8Classic 6.9 5.5 6.2 5.5 4.3 5.6 4.0Coventry 6.3 7.2 5.9 5.3 5.8 5.3 4.9Eclipse 6.7 5.9 6.5 5.7 5.1 5.9 4.9Estate 7.0 6.4 5.5 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.2Georgetown 6.6 6.3 6.6 5.7 4.9 5.7 4.1Glade 7.4 7.5 7.5 5.2 5.6 4.5 4.7Gnome 6.8 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7Haga 6.7 5.9 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.7 4.1Kelly 7.2 5.7 5.8 4.1 5.0 5.2 5.1Kenblue 6.4 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.2Liberty 7.0 6.5 6.0 4.7 6.0 5.3 4.2Marquis 6.8 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.5 4.7 5.0Merion 5.1 2.7 2.7 4.0 4.2 4.8 4.7Merit 6.9 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.7Midnight 7.1 7.9 8.3 6.6 4.7 5.7 4.6Monopoly 6.5 4.9 5.0 4.3 4.8 5.1 3.9Nassau 6.9 5.8 6.4 4.5 5.5 5.5 3.9Ram I 7.8 7.3 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.7South Dakota 6.6 4.3 3.0 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.3Touchdown 7.2 7.1 4.2 5.2 3.3 5.1 4.8LSD (.05) 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.7______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-0; 9 = ideal turf .sup.1/ Locations: 1 -- Ames, IA; 2 -- Post Falls, ID; 3 -- Adelphia NJ; -- Martinsville, NJ; 5 -- Hubbard, OR; 6 -- pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR; 7 -- Haymarket, VA.
TABLE 10______________________________________A Comparison of Quality of Ba 74-114 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in the Shade inFour Tests (A-D) Conducted at Marysville, OH Quality TestsVariety A B C D______________________________________Ba 74-114 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.0Adelphi 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.8Bonnieblue 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.8Bristol 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.9Fylking 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.5Merion 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.8Merit 1.4 1.9 2.2 1.9Newport 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3Nugget 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.3Park 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.9Pennstar 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.8Victa 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.8Mean 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1LSD (.05) 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = ideal turf
TABLE 11______________________________________A Comparison of Quality of Ba 74-114 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties Grown under Shade Conditions in FiveTests (A-E) Conducted at Marysville, OH Qualily TestsVariety A B C D E______________________________________Ba 74-114 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.1 7.0Ba73-366 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.5 6.0Ba73-381 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.6 6.5Adelphi 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.6 7.5Bristol 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.0 6.0Dormie 1.5 3.0 1.9 1.7 5.5Glade 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 6.0Merion 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 5.5Monopoly 1.8 3.0 1.9 2.2 7.0Nassau 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.7 6.5Park 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.7 6.0Ram I 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 6.0Vantage 1.6 2.8 1.8 2.0 6.5Victa 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.3 6.0Wabash 1.6 2.8 1.8 2.3 5.5Mean 1.6 2.2 1.7 1.7 6.3LSD (.05) 0.44 1.2 0.34 0.39 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale for Tests A-D: 1-5; 5 = best Rating Scale for Test E: 1-9; 9 = best
TABLE 12______________________________________A Comparison of Genetic Color of Ba 74-114 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Three Tests (A-C)Conducted at Ten (10) Locations in the US TESTS (Annual Means)Variety A B C______________________________________Ba 74-114 7.0 7.2 7.2Ba73-366 5.5 5.5 5.9Ba73-381 6.0 5.7 6.4Abbey 5.6 5.9 5.8Able I 6.6 6.8 6.8A-34 5.0 5.4 4.6Banff 5.1 6.0 5.5Baron 6.0 6.0 5.9Classic 5.2 5.9 5.2Coventry 5.9 5.6 5.8Eclipse 6.3 6.6 6.4Estate 5.8 5.3 5.3Georgetown 5.2 6.1 5.3Glade 6.7 6.3 6.7Gnome 6.0 6.1 5.8Haga 5.1 5.8 5.3Kelly 5.6 5.7 6.1Kenblue 4.6 5.0 5.3Marquis 6.1 6.1 6.4Merion 5.7 5.8 5.4Merit 5.7 5.7 6.2Midnight 7.1 7.3 7.7Monopoly 4.8 4.9 4.8Nassau 6.0 6.6 6.5Ram I 6.7 5.9 6.6South Dakota 4.5 4.8 4.7Touchdown 5.5 5.5 5.3LSD (.05) 0.5 0.4 0.7______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = dark green.
TABLE 13______________________________________A Comparison of Spring Greenup for Ba 74-114 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Two Locations Spring Greenup North Brunswick, Martinsville,Variety NJ NJ Mean______________________________________Ba 74-114 7.0 5.7 6.3Ba73-366 4.0 5.0 4.5Ba73-381 3.3 4.0 3.7Abbey 3.7 5.7 4.7Able I 3.7 6.7 5.2A-34 4.7 6.0 5.3Banff 5.0 5.3 5.2Baron 2.3 5.3 3.8Classic 6.0 5.7 5.8Coventry 2.7 5.3 4.0Eclipse 5.3 5.0 5.2Estate 2.7 5.3 4.0Georgetown 4.7 4.7 4.7Glade 3.3 6.7 5.0Gnome 3.3 6.3 4.8Haga 4.0 5.3 4.7Kelly 3.7 6.0 4.8Kenblue 4.0 5.0 4.5Liberty 5.3 5.3 5.3Marquis 3.0 5.7 4.3Merion 6.3 6.3 6.3Merit 3.3 6.7 5.0Midnight 3.3 6.0 4.7Monopoly 4.0 6.7 5.3Nassau 6.3 5.0 5.7Ram I 5.0 7.0 6.0South Dakota 5.3 3.7 4.5Touchdown 5.3 7.0 6.2LSD (.05) 1.2 1.5 0.9______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = completely green
TABLE 14______________________________________A Comparison of Spring Greenup for Ba 74-114 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OHVariety Spring Greenup______________________________________Ba 74-114 4.7Ba73-366 3.0Ba73-381 3.3Banff 4.0Baron 3.5Bristol 4.3Classic 3.0Eclipse 4.3Georgetown 4.0Glade 3.3Kenblue 4.0Merion 4.7Merit 3.7Nassau 4.0Newport 4.0Park 3.0Ram I 3.0Vantage 4.3Victa 3.3LSD (.05) 1.0______________________________________ Rating scale: 1-9; 9 = completely green
TABLE 15______________________________________A Comparison of Winter Color of Ba 74-114 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Two Locations in the U.S. Locations.sup.1/Variety 1 2 Mean______________________________________Ba 74-114 2.7 7.0 4.8Ba73-366 3.0 5.7 4.3Ba73-381 2.7 2.7 2.7Abbey 3.3 5.7 4.5Able I 4.0 7.0 5.5A-34 4.0 4.3 4.2Banff 4.0 5.0 4.5Baron 3.7 3.7 3.7Classic 4.0 5.7 4.8Coventry 2.7 4.3 3.5Eclipse 3.3 5.7 4.5Estate 3.7 5.3 4.5Georgetown 4.7 7.0 5.8Glade 2.7 4.7 3.7Gnome 2.7 4.3 3.5Haga 3.3 5.3 4.3Kelly 3.0 5.3 4.2Kenblue 3.3 2.7 3.0Liberty 3.3 6.3 4.8Marquis 3.3 4.0 3.7Merion 2.3 6.3 4.3Merit 3.3 5.3 4.3Midnight 3.3 5.3 4.3Monopoly 3.3 5.0 4.2Nassau 3.0 5.7 4.3Ram I 3.7 6.0 4.8South Dakota 1.7 2.0 1.8Touchdown 3.3 5.3 4.3LSD (.05) 1.0 1.6 0.9______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = complete color retention .sup.1/ Locations: 1 Martinsville, N.J.; 2 pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR.
Further comparisons of Ba 74-114 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties for leaf texture and height of growth are set forth in Tables 16-17 as follows:
TABLE 16______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Texture of Ba 74-114 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Martinsville, NJ.Variety Leaf Texture______________________________________Ba 74-114 4.0Ba73-366 4.3Ba73-381 4.0Abbey 5.0Able I 5.7A-34 4.3Banff 5.3Baron 5.0Classic 5.3Coventry 5.0Eclipse 5.7Estate 4.3Georgetown 6.0Glade 5.0Gnome 5.3Haga 5.7Kelly 4.3Kenblue 6.0Liberty 5.0Marquis 4.3Merion 4.0Merit 4.7Midnight 6.7Monopoly 5.0Nassau 5.0Ram I 5.0South Dakota 3.7Touchdown 5.3______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = very fine
TABLE 17______________________________________A Comparison of Height (in millimeters) One Week afterMowing under Lawn Conditions of Ba 74-114 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety Height (mm)______________________________________Ba 74-114 109.5Adelphi 115.0Baron 194.3Bonnieblue 145.0Bristol 101.3Fylking 133.0Kenblue 140.3Merion 106.7Newport 135.3Nugget 120.3Park 124.7Pennstar 118.3Vantage 131.3Victa 115.7LSD 24.6______________________________________
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance. Ba 74-114 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to the following diseases: (1) leaf spot and melting out caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); (2) dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoecarpa; (3) several rust diseases causes by Puccinia spp.; (4) stripe smut caused by Ustilago striiformis; and (5) powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 74-114 as compared with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, dollar spot, rusts, stripe smut and powdery mildew are presented in Tables 18-26. An additional comparison is presented in Table 27 for seed yields.
TABLE 18______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Tests Conductedat Three Locations in the U.S..sup.1/ Variety Mean______________________________________ Ba 74-114 4.7 Ba73-366 4.3 Ba73-381 2.0 Abbey 4.7 Able I 6.0 A-34 4.7 Banff 4.7 Baron 4.0 Classic 3.3 Coventry 3.7 Eclipse 6.3 Estate 4.0 Georgetown 6.0 Glade 3.0 Gnome 3.7 Haga 3.7 Kelly 4.7 Kenblue 1.7 Liberty 5.7 Marquis 3.7 Merion 7.3 Merit 4.3 Midnight 5.7 Monopoly 4.3 Nassau 4.3 Ram I 4.3 South Dakota 1.0 Touchdown 5.3 LSD (.05) 1.5______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease .sup.1/ Locations: Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR.
TABLE 19______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in TestsConducted at Marysville, OHVariety % Leaf Spot______________________________________Ba 74-114 10.0Adelphi 33.3Baron 26.7Bonnieblue 10.0Bristol 16.7Kenblue 76.7Merion 23.3Newport 50.0Park 73.3Pennstar 13.3Vantage 40.0Victa 26.7LSD (.05) 18.7______________________________________
TABLE 20______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown under ShadeConditions at Marysville, OHVariety % Leaf Spot______________________________________Ba 74-114 0.0Ba73-366 0.0Ba73-381 0.0America 40.0Banff 2.5Bristol 0.0Classic 5.0Eclipse 2.5Georgetown 7.5Glade 7.5Kenblue 10.0Merion 0.0Merit 0.0Nassau 0.0Newport 0.0Park 50.0Ram I 40.0Sydsport 27.5Vantage 2.5Victa 2.5LSD (.05) 26.7______________________________________
TABLE 21______________________________________A Comparison of Dollar Spot Disease Incidence of Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.Variety Dollar Spot______________________________________Ba 74-114 8.3Ba73-366 8.3Ba73-381 7.3Abbey 8.0Able I 8.3A-34 7.7Banff 7.7Baron 7.7Classic 8.0Coventry 7.7Eclipse 8.3Estate 8.3Georgetown 8.0Glade 7.7Gnome 8.0Haga 7.7Kelly 8.0Kenblue 8.0Liberty 8.0Marquis 8.0Merion 7.7Merit 8.0Midnight 8.3Monopoly 8.0Nassau 8.0Ram I 7.3South Dakota 8.0Touchdown 8.0LSD (.05) 0.9______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 22______________________________________A Comparison of Dollar Spot Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OHVariety % Dollar Spot______________________________________Ba 74-114 0.0Baron 20.7Bonnieblue 0.0Bristol 0.0Kenblue 3.3Merion 20.0Newport 0.3Nugget 26.0Park 0.0Pennstar 0.7Vantage 0.3Victa 1.7LSD (.05) 13.9______________________________________
TABLE 23______________________________________A comparison of Powdery Mildew Disease Incidence inBa 74-114 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown underShade Conditions in Three Tests (A-C) Conductedat Marysville, OH % Powdery MildewVariety A B C Mean______________________________________Ba 74-114 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.3Ba73-366 30.0 72.5 80.0 60.8Ba73-381 67.5 90.0 70.0 75.8Banff 0.0 0.0 15.0 5.0Bristol 5.0 12.5 0.6 5.8Classic 27.5 60.0 75.0 54.2Eclipse 0.0 5.0 0.0 1.7Georgetown 7.5 30.0 0.0 12.5Glade 50.0 45.0 25.0 40.0Kenblue 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.3Merion 35.0 37.5 40.0 37.5Merit 50.0 65.0 85.0 66.7Nassau 32.5 40.0 0.0 24.2Newport 20.0 25.0 15.0 20.0Park 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.8Ram I 20.0 17.5 0.0 12.5Vantage 0.0 22.5 15.0 12.5Victa 50.0 50.0 70.0 56.7Mean 20.3 32.6 26.4 26.4LSD (.05) 33.9 29.6 49.3______________________________________
TABLE 24______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.Variety Leaf Rust______________________________________Ba 74-114 6.7Ba73-366 5.7Ba73-381 6.3Abbey 6.3Abel I 7.0A-34 6.0Banff 7.0Baron 8.3Classic 8.7Coventry 7.0Eclipse 5.7Estate 6.3Georgetown 7.7Glade 7.0Gnome 6.7Haga 7.0Kelly 5.0Kenblue 6.7Liberty 7.3Marquis 6.3Merion 2.3Merit 6.0Midnight 6.0Monopoly 5.3Nassau 7.0Ram I 6.7South Dakota 6.7Touchdown 3.7LSD (.05) 2.4______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 25______________________________________A Comparison of Stripe Rust Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in Tests Conductedat Three Locations.sup.1/ in Oregon 1991.Variety Stripe Rust______________________________________Ba 74-114 5.7Ba73-366 5.0Ba73-381 4.7Abbey 4.3Able I 6.0A-34 5.0Banff 6.0Baron 6.0Classic 6.3Coventry 5.0Eclipse 6.0Estate 5.7Georgetown 6.3Glade 3.0Gnome 4.7Haga 6.3Kelly 5.0Kenblue 3.3Liberty 5.3Marquis 5.3Merion 3.7Merit 5.0Midnight 4.7Monopoly 5.3Nassau 5.3Ram I 6.0South Dakota 4.0Touchdown 3.0LSD (.05) 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = no disease .sup.1/ Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, Oregon.
TABLE 26______________________________________A Comparison of Stripe Smut Disease Incidence in Ba 74-114and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety Stripe Smut______________________________________Ba 74-114 8.0Ba73-366 6.3Ba73-381 7.0America 6.7Banff 8.0Baron 8.0Bonnieblue 8.0Bristol 7.7Classic 8.0Eclipse 7.3Georgetown 7.7Glade 7.7Kelly 6.3Kenblue 7.0Merion 7.7Merit 5.7Nassau 7.7Newport 7.3Park 6.7Ram I 7.3Vantage 7.3victa 5.0LSD (.05) 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = least disease
TABLE 27______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Yields of Ba 74-114 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Gervais, Oregon.Variety Lbs/Acre______________________________________Ba 74-114 427Abbey 919Georgetown 654Gnome 706Marquis 900LSD (.05) 248______________________________________
Claims
- 1. A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass plant, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of serious diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, dollar spot, rusts, stripe smut and powdery mildew; a dark green color throughout the growing season; medium to high quality turf formation under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide blade; a low growth habit; and a medium level of seed yielding capacity.
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Date |
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PP6538 |
Meier et al. |
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|
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Meier et al. |
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PP9036 |
Meier et al. |
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PP9209 |
Meier et al. |
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