Information
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Patent Grant
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PP10081
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Patent Number
PP10,081
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Date Filed
Monday, July 15, 199629 years ago
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Date Issued
Tuesday, October 21, 199728 years ago
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Inventors
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Original Assignees
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Examiners
Agents
- Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue
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US Classifications
Field of Search
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International Classifications
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Abstract
A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass having a medium to high level of resistance to leaf spot and melting out disease, red thread and powdery mildew; a moderate tolerance to billbugs; a medium deep green color throughout the growing season; the ability to form a medium to high quality turf under a variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide leaf blade; a low growth habit; and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of Poa pretensis that has been designated Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass.
2. Description of Related Art
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,156, issued May 9, 1972; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,186, issued May 23, 1972; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,336, issued Nov. 28, 1978; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,280, issued Sep. 6, 1988; U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 6,537 and 6,538, issued on Jan. 17, 1989; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,585, issued Feb. 7, 1989, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,831, issued Mar. 17, 1992; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,490, issued Dec. 7, 1993; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,036, issued Jan. 3, 1995; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,209, issued Jul. 18, 1995; and pending U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/453,854, filed May 30, 1995, now U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,611; Ser. No. 08/532,995, filed Sep. 22, 1995, now U.S. Plant Pat. No. 9,848, and Ser. No. No. 08/604,763, filed Feb. 23, 1996, as well as U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 08/680,167, filed coextensively herewith.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY
Ba 78-165 plant material originated by crossing Ba 74-157, an unreleased Kentucky Bluegrass plant maintained in the O. M. Scott plant nursery, as the seed parent with Ba 74-501, another unreleased Kentucky Bluegrass plant maintained in the O. M. Scott plant nursery, as the pollen parent. As a result of this breeding, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules.
Seed of Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Ore. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trials and later seed production fields.
Asexual production of Ba 78-165 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba 78-165 is approximately 96% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 78-165 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Drechslera spp. that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot; a medium to high level of resistance to Erysiphe graminis that causes powdery mildew and a medium to high level of resistance to Laettiseria fuciformis that causes red thread. Ba 78-165 has an attractive leafy turf type, low growth habit; moderately wide leaf blades and a medium deep green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season. Ba 78-165 demonstrates good early spring greening and good winter color under mild winter conditions.
Ba 78-165 is an overall good turfgrass performer as evidenced by medium to high scores for quality and color. Ba 78-165 has a high seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of the northwestern United States.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, Ba 78-165 has a significantly longer seed and rachilla than many other Kentucky Bluegrasses and a significantly lower seed count than several other Kentucky Bluegrasses. The panicle of Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass is significantly shorter than many other Kentucky Bluegrasses, and below average in width, whorl number and branch counts per whorl. Ba 78-165 has, on average, smaller spikelets, glumes and number of florets. The peduncle is above average in length and width. It has a flag leaf that is below average in length, above average in width and thickness relative to most other Kentucky Bluegrasses. The flag leaf ligule is of average length and the leaf margin has significantly fewer hairs than other Kentucky Bluegrasses. The vegetative leaf is above average in length and width and slightly below average in thickness. The ligule of the vegetative leaf is significantly shorter than most other Kentucky Bluegrasses. Ba 78-165 has significantly fewer hairs on the upper ligule margin and collar margin than several of the Kentucky Bluegrass varieties and significantly more hairs than other Kentucky Bluegrasses on the dorsal side of the leaf.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is a Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass plant shortly after completing anthesis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY
Ba 78-165 Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the field under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during late winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 47.5 cm in length and 3.1 nodes per culm. The uppermost internode averages 14.8 cm in length. The peduncle averages 22.4 cm in length and 0.73 mm in width. The vegetative leaf averages 24.2 cm in length, 3.9 mm in width, 0.23 mm in thickness and the ligule 0.35 mm in length. The flag leaf averages 4.0 cm in length, 3.5 mm in width, 0.12 mm in thickness and a ligule length of 1.45 min.
The panicle averages 78.7 mm in length, 48.2 mm in width, and 8.1 whorls. The lowest whorl and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle average 3.2 and 2.5 branches, respectively. A spikelet in the lowest whorl averages 4.3 mm in length, 2.1 mm in width, 2.8 florets and the outer glume and inner glume average 2.9 and 3.2 mm in length, respectively. A spikelet from the third whorl from the bottom of the particle averages 4.5 mm in length, 2.2 mm in width, 2.9 florets, and the outer glume and inner glume averages 2.7 mm and 3.4 mm in length, respectively.
The conditioned seed of Ba 78-165 averages 3.32 mm in length, 0.97 mm in width, and a rachilla length of 0.50 min. It has a high level of hairs at the base of the lemma, and at the margins of the palea.
Comparisons of Ba 78-165 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in terms of seed numbers per pound are shown in Table 1 as follows:
TABLE 1______________________________________Comparison of Seeds Per Pound after Conditioning of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties. SeedsVariety Per Pound______________________________________Ba78-165 965,500Ba73-366 993,500Ba78-381 1,023,250Abbey 988,500Buckingham 978,000Coventry 1,374,750Garfield 1,250,500Merit 1,250,250LSD (.50) 77,042______________________________________
Ba 78-165 differs significantly from several of the other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to the following morphological characteristics: (1) seed length; (2) rachilla length; (3) panicle length; (4) number of branches in the third whorl; (5) spikelet length in the lowest whorl; (6) glumes in the third whorl; (7) culm length and internode length and color; (8) flag leaf margin hairs; (9) vegetative leaf ligule length, and (10) hairs on the upper margin of the ligule, collar margin and the leaf dorsal side.
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisons of Ba 78-165 were made with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties under like conditions and the comparisons are set forth in Tables 2-10 as follows:
TABLE 2______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Seed, Rachilla and Lemma and PaleaHairs of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass VarietiesAfter ConditioningSeed Hairs*Length Width Rachilla Lemma Palea______________________________________Ba 78-165 3.23 0.97 0.50 4.00 1.60Ba 77-700 3.20 0.85 0.77 2.80 0.90Abbey 3.02 0.85 0.56 1.80 0.40Ascot 3.00 0.81 0.68 6.30 1.50Cannon 3.32 0.85 0.72 0.20 2.00Gnome 2.93 0.90 0.61 2.10 0.80Merit 2.85 0.78 0.62 0.90 0.15Viva 2.72 0.77 0.79 1.20 0.20LSD (.05) 0.191 0.072 0.177 1.53 0.823______________________________________ *Rating Scale: 0-9; 9 = most hairs
TABLE 3______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Panicles, Whorl Number and WhorlBranches of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in theGreenhouse at Marysville, OHPanicles Number of Branches Length Width Whorl Lowest ThirdVariety mm mm Number Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 78-165 78.7 48.2 8.1 3.2 2.5Ba 77-700 87.7 57.9 8.2 3.9 3.3Abbey 86.4 54.1 9.0 4.1 3.3Ascot 91.4 60.7 9.1 2.4 2.3Cannon 91.7 49.9 8.9 4.4 3.6Gnome 85.4 43.7 9.1 3.6 3.4Merit 77.3 38.9 8.1 2.9 2.8Viva 82.5 46.6 8.0 3.4 3.0LSD (.05) 8.03 8.83 0.65 0.71 0.59______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Spikelets and Florets of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouseat Marysville, OH Number ofSpikelet* FloretsLowest Whorl Third Whorl Per Spikelet Length Width Length Width Lowest ThirdVariety mm mm mm mm Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 78-165 4.3 2.1 4.5 2.2 2.8 2.9Ba 77-700 4.6 2.1 4.5 2.2 2.9 3.2Abbey 5.0 2.3 4.9 2.3 3.3 3.3Ascot 5.3 2.3 5.5 2.5 3.2 3.6Cannon 4.7 2.0 4.8 2.1 3.2 3.1Gnome 4.5 2.3 4.7 2.2 3.2 3.0Merit 5.0 2.5 5.2 2.5 3.9 3.8Viva 4.9 1.9 5.0 2.0 3.3 3.3LSD (.05) 0.43 0.35 0.46 0.34 0.52 0.59______________________________________
TABLE 5______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH______________________________________ Glume Length (mm) Outer Inner Lowest Third Lowest ThirdVariety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl______________________________________Ba 78-165 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.4Ba 77-700 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.5Abbey 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.5Ascot 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.5Cannon 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.5Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3Merit 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.5Viva 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.6LSD (.05) 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28______________________________________ Glume Width Outer Inner Lowest Whorl Third WhorlVariety Outer Inner Outer Inner______________________________________Ba 78-165 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6Ba 77-700 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7Abbey 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8Ascot 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9Cannon 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8Gnome 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8Merit 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9Viva 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7LSD (.05) 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14______________________________________
TABLE 6______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouseat Marysville, OH Length Width Thickness LiguleVariety (cm) (mm) (mm) Length (mm)______________________________________Ba 78-165 4.0 3.5 0.12 1.45Ba 77-700 4.1 3.0 0.08 1.35Abbey 4.7 3.6 0.12 1.53Ascot 4.4 2.9 0.11 1.52Cannon 5.3 3.7 0.12 1.75Gnome 4.6 3.2 0.10 1.40Merit 4.2 2.3 0.08 0.98Viva 3.4 2.5 0.11 1.45LSD (.05) 1.14 0.61 0.02 0.24______________________________________
TABLE 7______________________________________Morphological Comparison of the Levels of Hairs on the Flag Leaves ofBa 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse atMarysville, OH Hairs* Ligule Leaf Leaf Sheath Leaf SheathVariety Dorsal Margin Margin Dorsal______________________________________Ba 78-165 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.0Ba 77-700 1.3 1.8 0.8 0.0Abbey 1.9 2.2 1.3 0.6Ascot 0.8 1.9 0.5 1.2Cannon 1.4 2.4 0.8 0.0Gnome 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.4Merit 1.0 1.8 0.9 1.4Viva 2.5 1.5 0.4 0.0LSD (.05) 0.83 0.72 0.79 0.62______________________________________ *Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
TABLE 8______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Number of Nodes perCulm, and Internode Length and Color of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH______________________________________ Peduncle Peduncle Culm Length Width LengthVariety cm mm cm______________________________________Ba 78-165 22.4 0.73 47.5Ba 77-700 21.6 0.68 50.6Abbey 21.5 0.77 40.6Ascot 17.5 0.68 41.9Cannon 20.0 0.74 48.3Gnome 17.3 0.69 40.6Merit 23.6 0.66 44.1Viva 19.7 0.55 50.7LSD (.05) 2.6 0.08 2.6______________________________________ Number Top Top of Nodes Internode InternodeVariety Per Culm Length (cm) Color*______________________________________Ba 78-165 3.1 14.8 1.9Ba 77-700 3.2 14.7 0.2Abbey 2.6 10.7 0.1Ascot 3.1 14.6 1.6Cannon 3.6 13.4 0.0Gnome 3.2 10.6 7.2Merit 3.0 11.8 0.8Viva 3.5 14.9 0.0LSD (.05) 0.5 1.2 0.8______________________________________ *Rating Scale; 1-9, 9 = dark purple color
TABLE 9______________________________________Morphological Comparison of Vegetative Leaves of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH Length Width Thickness LengthVariety cm mm mm mm______________________________________Ba 78-165 24.2 3.9 0.23 0.35Ba 77-700 23.2 3.5 0.23 0.50Abbey 19.3 3.5 0.21 0.45Ascot 20.4 3.2 0.21 0.42Cannon 24.6 3.6 0.40 0.46Gnome 19.5 3.8 0.24 0.48Merit 21.8 3.6 0.23 0.41Viva 25.0 3.2 0.24 0.40LSD (.05) 3.67 0.42 0.14 0.06______________________________________
TABLE 10______________________________________Morphological Comparison of the Level of Hair on the Vegetative Leavesof Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varietiesin the Greenhouse at Marysville, OH. Leaf Leaf Ligule Leaf Leaf Sheath Sheath Upper Mar- Collar Vent- LeafVariety Margin Dorsal Margin gin Margin ral Dorsal______________________________________Ba 78-165 3.3 3.9 4.5 1.3 2.0 0.2 1.7Ba 77-700 3.1 5.3 7.3 1.5 2.9 0.2 0.1Abbey 2.1 3.3 3.9 0.4 2.9 1.0 0.2Ascot 3.0 3.2 4.1 0.9 3.5 0.0 0.9Cannon 3.2 3.7 6.2 0.4 2.9 0.9 0.7Gnome 2.9 3.1 5.6 1.0 3.9 0.9 0.5Merit 3.7 3.0 5.4 0.1 3.2 0.5 0.0Viva 4.3 3.9 6.6 1.5 4.5 0.2 0.2LSD (.05) 1.21 0.98 1.10 0.75 0.87 0.61 0.54______________________________________ *Rating Scale: 0-9; 0 = none; 9 = many
Ba 78-165 has performed well throughout the U.S. as exhibited by medium to high turf quality ratings in comparison with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties. In addition, it has a dark green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season.
With regard to a comparative analysis conducted for purposes of determining color of Ba 78-165 plants relative to other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties, readings were taken of the vegetative color of Ba 78-165 during mid-October while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability. The readings were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 78-165 was determined to be 7.5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ascot -- 5 GY 4/4; Buckingham -- 7.5 GY 4/4; Ba 77-700 -- 5 GY 4/6; Midnight -- 7.5 GY 4/4; Abbey -- 5 GY 4/6; and Victa -- 5 GY 4/4. However, it should be noted that the general apparent color of turf does not always correlate directly with the color of the individual actively growing leaves within the turf and that turf color varies with nutrient level and time of year with some varieties being darker or lighter green depending on such factors.
Comparisons of Ba 78-165 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties for quality, genetic color, spring greening, summer greenup after dormancy, seedling vigor, density, fall recovery, vertical growth, heat stress, and winter color are set forth hereinafter in Tables 11-25 as follows:
TABLE 11______________________________________A Comparison of Quality in Three Test (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in Shade at Marysville, OhioVariety TEST A TEST B TEST C______________________________________Ba 78-165 3.5 2.7 2.0Abbey 1.8 2.0 1.5Banff 2.9 2.1 1.6Bonnieblue 1.6 2.0 1.6Bristol 3.3 2.0 1.6Chateau 3.5 2.0 1.5Coventry 3.3 2.3 1.6Estate 3.5 2.0 1.7Glade 2.4 2.0 1.5Kelly 1.5 1.9 1.7Monopoly 3.3 3.0 1.7Newport 1.4 2.4 1.7Victa 1.4 2.0 1.7LSD (.05) 0.82 0.62 0.29______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 12______________________________________A Comparison of Quality in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety TEST A* TEST B* TEST C**______________________________________Ba 78-165 2.2 2.6 5.0Allure 1.3 2.4 4.3Adelphi 1.7 2.1 5.0Bonnieblue 2.0 2.5 4.0Bristol 1.9 2.1 4.3Chateau 1.1 2.3 4.0Estate 1.3 2.5 4.3Glade 1.8 2.1 3.7Merit 2.0 2.1 3.3Park 1.3 1.9 4.3Vantage 1.2 2.0 4.0Victa 1.8 2.2 5.0LSD (.05) 0.39 0.30 1.67______________________________________ *Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = Ideal Turf **Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 13______________________________________A Comparison of Quality in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties ay Marysville, OH.Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C______________________________________Ba 78-165 2.5 2.5 2.1Adelphi 2.3 1.8 1.8Bristol 2.7 2.9 1.9Glade 1.8 1.8 1.6Newport 1.4 1.0 1.8Ram I 2.0 2.3 2.0Victa 2.2 1.8 1.4LSD (.05) 0.95 1.23 0.42______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-5; 5 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 14______________________________________A Comparison of Quality in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown in Shade at Marysville, OH.Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C______________________________________Ba 78-165 6.0 7.0 7.0Abbey 3.0 3.0 6.0Adelphi 6.0 5.0 7.0Baron 4.5 4.5 5.5Bristol 5.5 5.5 7.5Chateau 7.0 6.0 6.5Classic 4.0 4.0 6.0Coventry 5.0 4.5 6.5Estate 6.5 5.5 6.5Georgetown 6.0 2.0 6.0Glade 5.5 6.0 6.5Gnome 4.5 4.5 5.5Kelly 5.0 4.0 6.0Kenblue 5.0 6.0 5.0Merion 4.0 5.0 7.0Merit 4.0 4.0 5.5Nassau 5.5 5.0 6.0Ram I 5.0 4.5 6.5Victa 5.0 4.5 6.0LSD (.05) 2.23 3.36 1.50______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Ideal Turf
TABLE 15______________________________________A Comparison of Color of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky BluegrassVarieties Grown in Shade at Marysville, OH Variety Color______________________________________ Ba 78-165 7.5 Abbey 7.0 Adelphi 7.0 Baron 7.0 Bristol 7.0 Chateau 7.5 Classic 6.5 Coventry 7.0 Estate 7.5 Georgetown 7.0 Glade 7.0 Gnome 7.0 Kelly 6.5 Kenblue 7.0 Merion 7.0 Merit 7.0 Nassau 7.0 Ram I 7.0 Victa 7.0 LSD (.05) 0.77______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Dark Green
TABLE 16______________________________________A Comparison of Color in Two Tests (A-B) of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, Oh.Variety TEST A TEST B______________________________________Ba 78-165 7.3 7.3Abbey 6.3 7.0Able I 7.6 8.0Allure 6.3 7.0Ascot 8.0 7.3A-34 6.0 6.3Banff 6.7 6.3Baron 7.0 7.3Bristol 7.7 7.0Buckingham 8.0 8.0Cannon 7.0 7.7Challenger 7.3 6.7Classic 6.7 6.7Coventry 6.3 7.0Eclipse 7.0 8.0Estate 6.0 7.0Georgetown 7.0 6.7Glade 7.0 7.0Gnome 7.3 7.3Haga 7.0 6.7Kelly 6.7 7.0Kenblue 7.0 7.0Liberty 7.0 7.3Merion 6.7 7.0Merit 6.3 7.0Midnight 7.7 9.0Monopoly 6.0 6.0Nassau 8.0 7.0Ram I 7.3 7.0South Dakota 7.0 7.0Touchdown 7.0 7.0Victa 7.0 7.0Viva 6.7 7.0LSD (.05) 0.72 0.62______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Dark Green
TABLE 17______________________________________A Comparison of Color in Two Tests (A-B) of Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.Variety TEST A TEST B______________________________________Ba 78-165 6.8 7.7Ba 78-372 7.3 7.3Ba 77-700 8.0 8.0Abbey 7.7 8.0Able I 7.0 8.7A-34 6.7 6.3Allure 7.2 7.0Ascot 7.5 8.0Baron 8.0 7.3Banff 7.0 7.0Bristol 7.7 7.7Buckingham 8.0 8.7Cannon 8.0 8.0Classic 6.2 7.0Challenger 6.8 7.0Coventry 7.5 7.0Eclipse 6.8 7.3Estate 7.5 7.0Fairfax 6.7 7.0Glade 7.3 8.0Gnome 8.0 7.3Georgetown 6.7 6.7Haga 7.0 7.0Kelly 7.8 7.3Kenblue 4.3 8.3Liberty 7.2 7.3Merion 6.0 6.7Merit 7.8 7.7Midnight 6.2 9.0Monopoly 7.0 6.7Nassau 7.7 8.0Ram I 5.5 8.0South Dakota 4.3 7.7Touchdown 7.0 6.7Viva 7.7 7.7LSD (.05) 0.74 0.69______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Dark Green
TABLE 18______________________________________A Comparison of Spring Greenup of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH. SPRING Variety GREENUP______________________________________ Ba 78-165 5.0 Abbey 3.7 Adelphi 4.3 Allure 3.3 Ascot 5.0 Baron 4.0 Bristol 4.7 Buckingham 3.7 Chateau 3.3 Classic 3.0 Coventry 3.5 Estate 3.0 Fairfax 3.3 Georgetown 4.0 Glade 3.0 Gnome 4.3 Kelly 3.7 Kenblue 4.0 Merion 3.5 Merit 3.7 Nassau 3.0 Ram I 3.3 Victa 3.7 LSD (.05) 1.16______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Actively Growing
TABLE 19______________________________________A Comparison of Summer Greenup of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties after Summer Dormancy Due to Drought and underLow Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ. Summer Variety Greenup______________________________________ Ba 78-165 6.0 Baron 5.3 Eclipse 5.7 Georgetown 3.3 Glade 6.3 Gnome 5.0 Haga 4.0 Kenblue 5.0 Liberty 5.7 Merion 5.3 Merit 5.3 Midnight 4.7 Monopoly 5.3 Nassau 5.7 Ram I 5.7 South Dakota 5.7 LSD (.05) 1.9______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Fastest Greenup after Summer Dormancy
TABLE 20______________________________________A Comparison of Winter Color in Two Tests (A-B) of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at NorthBrunswick, NJ.Variety TEST A TEST B______________________________________Ba 78-165 5.0 4.0Baron 3.7 2.3Eclipse 4.3 3.3Georgetown 6.0 6.3Glade 4.3 1.7Gnome 2.7 2.0Haga 5.3 5.0Kenblue 3.3 1.0Liberty 7.0 5.7Merion 3.0 1.7Merit 2.7 1.7Midnight 6.3 4.3Monopoly 6.7 3.3Nassau 5.3 3.0Ram I 7.3 1.7South Dakota 2.0 2.7LSD (.05) 1.6 1.5______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Brightest Green Color
TABLE 21______________________________________A Comparison of Turf Density in Three Tests (A-C) of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties under Shade Conditions atMarysville, OH.Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C______________________________________Ba 78-165 6.5 6.5 8.0Abbey 3.5 6.0 7.0Adelphi 6.5 6.0 7.5Baron 5.5 5.5 6.3Bristol 5.5 6.0 8.0Chateau 7.0 6.0 7.0Classic 4.0 6.0 7.0Coventry 6.0 6.0 7.0Estate 6.5 7.0 7.5Georgetown 6.0 5.0 6.0Glade 5.5 6.5 7.5Gnome 4.0 6.0 6.5Kelly 4.5 6.0 7.0Kenblue 6.0 6.0 6.0Merion 5.0 6.0 8.0Merit 4.5 5.0 7.0Nassau 6.0 5.5 6.5Ram I 5.5 4.5 7.0Victa 4.5 5.5 6.5LSD (.05) 2.18 1.82 1.47______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = maximum density.
TABLE 22______________________________________A Comparison of Fall Recovery of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties after Summer Dormancy due to Drought under LowMaintenance at North Brunswick, NJ. FALLVariety RECOVERY______________________________________Ba 78-165 6.0Baron 4.0Eclipse 6.7Georgetown 6.0Glade 4.7Gnome 3.3Haga 4.3Kenblue 3.7Liberty 6.7Merion 4.7Merit 5.0Midnight 7.7Monopoly 5.3Nassau 6.3Ram I 5.7South Dakota 3.3LSD (.05) 2.1______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Fastest Turf Recovery after Summer Dormancy.
TABLE 23______________________________________A Comparison of Seedling Vigor of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ. SEEDLINGVariety VIGOR______________________________________Ba 78-165 7.8Baron 8.5Eclipse 2.3Georgetown 4.3Glade 7.8Gnome 7.3Haga 7.2Kenblue 8.2Liberty 7.3Merion 1.0Merit 7.2Midnight 5.5Monopoly 7.7Nassau 6.5Ram I 3.3South Dakota 7.3LSD (.05) 1.3______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Best Seedling Vigor
TABLE 24______________________________________A Comparison of Vertical Growth of Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ. VERTICALVariety GROWTH______________________________________Ba 78-165 3.0Baron 4.0Eclipse 2.7Georgetown 5.3Glade 3.3Gnome 4.0Haga 6.7Kenblue 8.0Liberty 5.7Merit 4.0Midnight 3.3Monopoly 8.0Nassau 5.0Ram I 3.7South Dakota 7.0LSD (.05) 1.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Most Vertical Growth 37 Days after Seeding
TABLE 25______________________________________A Comparison of Heat Stress of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky BluegrassVarieties at Marysville, OH.Variety HEAT STRESS______________________________________Ba 78-165 6.0Abbey 6.3Adelphi 5.7Allure 5.3Ascot 7.0Baron 6.0Bristol 6.0Buckingham 5.7Chateau 6.0Classic 5.3Coventry 6.0Estate 6.0Fairfax 6.0Georgetown 4.7Glade 6.3Gnome 6.3Kelly 6.3Kenblue 4.3Merion 5.0Merit 6.0Nassau 6.0Ram I 6.0Victa 4.0LSD (.05) 0.89______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Least Heat Stress
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance. Ba 78-165 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to the following diseases: (1) leaf spot and melting out caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); (2) powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis; and (3) red thread caused by Laetisaria fuciformis. Ba 78-165 has displayed tolerance to turf damage due to billbugs.
Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 78-165 as compared with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, rusts, powdery mildew, red thread, and billbugs are presented in Tables 26-31.
TABLE 26______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety LEAF SPOT______________________________________Ba 78-165 35.0Allure 66.7Adelphi 68.3Bonnieblue 73.3Bristol 43.3Chateau 71.0Estate 60.0Glade 60.0Merit 55.0Park 95.0Vantage 95.0Victa 60.0LSD (.05) 26.9______________________________________ Rating Scale: % Disease
TABLE 27______________________________________A Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence in Two Tests (A-B) ofBa 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown inShade at Marysville, OH.Variety TEST A TEST B______________________________________Ba 78-165 8.0 6.5Abbey 6.5 2.0Adelphi 7.0 4.5Baron 6.0 3.0Bristol 6.0 6.0Chateau 6.0 4.0Classic 6.5 3.5Coventry 6.0 4.6Estate 6.5 4.5Georgetown 6.0 4.0Glade 7.0 5.5Gnome 6.5 2.5Kelly 5.5 2.5Kenblue 6.0 6.0Merion 5.0 2.0Merit 5.5 3.0Nassau 6.0 3.5Ram I 6.5 4.0Victa 6.0 2.5LSD (.05) 1.93 2.68______________________________________
TABLE 28______________________________________A Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence in Ba 78-165 and Other KentuckyBluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at North Brunswick, NJ.Variety LEAF SPOT______________________________________Ba 78-165 5.0Baron 4.7Eclipse 7.0Georgetown 4.0Glade 3.0Gnome 3.7Haga 2.7Kenblue 1.0Liberty 4.7Merion 4.3Merit 5.7Midnight 7.7Monopoly 3.3Nassau 6.3Ram I 4.3South Dakota 1.0LSD (.05) 1.4______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No disease.
TABLE 29______________________________________A Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence in Two Tests (A-B) ofBa 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown inShade at Marysville, OH.Variety TEST A TEST B______________________________________Ba 78-165 0 0Abbey 75 40Banff 45 0Bristol 30 0Chateau 50 5Coventry 15 0Estate 10 0Glade 65 40Kelly 60 20Kenblue 10 0Monopoly 5 0Newport 75 25Victa 60 65LSD (.05) 31.3 29.1______________________________________ Rating Scale: % Disease
TABLE 30______________________________________A Comparison of Red Thread Incidence in Ba 78-165 and OtherKentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety RED THREAD______________________________________Ba 78-165 8.0Abbey 7.7Ascot 8.0Baron 7.7Bristol 7.3Buckingham 7.7Cannon 8.0Coventry 6.3Fairfax 8.0Gnome 8.0Haga 8.0Kenblue 4.7Liberty 8.0Merion 7.7Merit 8.0Midnight 7.7Monopoly 7.7Park 6.0Ram I 7.3South Dakota 7.7Victa 8.0Viva 7.7LSD (.05) 1.14______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No disease.
TABLE 31______________________________________A Comparison of Billbug Tolerance of Ba 78-165 and Outer KentuckyBluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety BILLBUG TOLERANCE______________________________________Ba 78-165 4.5Abbey 4.0Allure 1.5Bristol 3.3Challenger 2.7Chateau 1.2Classic 3.7Coventry 2.3Eclipse 3.0Estate 2.3Gnome 3.7Kelly 3.7Liberty 3.0Merit 3.3Midnight 3.7Nassau 3.3Newport 4.0Victa 3.7Viva 3.0LSD (.05) 1.33______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No damage from insect.
Comparisons of Ba 78-165 with other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties for seed head density, plant height, maturity, and seed yields are shown in Table 32-42 as follows:
TABLE 32______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Head Density in Mowed Turf of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Marysville, OH.Variety SEED HEAD DENSITY______________________________________Ba 78-165 93Adelphi 50Allure 70Ascot 30Baron 85Bristol 97Buckingham 67Chateau 63Classic 43Coventry 40Estate 73Fairfax 93Georgetown 53Glade 73Gnome 60Kelly 80Kenblue 7Merion 75Merit 83Nassau 73Ram I 77Victa 22LSD (.05) 25.2______________________________________ Rating Scale: % Seed Head Density.
TABLE 33______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Head Density in Mowed Turf ofBa 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties atGervais, OR.Variety SEED HEAD DENSITY______________________________________Ba 78-165 6.0Ba 76-372 6.0Ba 77-700 6.3Abbey 6.0Able I 7.7A-34 9.0Allure 7.7Ascot 7.7Baron 6.3Banff 8.3Bristol 5.7Buckingham 6.7Cannon 6.3Classic 8.7Challenger 8.0Coventry 8.0Eclipse 8.6Estate 8.0Fairfax 8.0Georgetown 8.3Glade 9.0Gnome 7.0Haga 8.3Kelly 6.7Kenblue 9.0Liberty 8.3Merion 6.3Merit 6.0Midnight 8.0Monopoly 7.7Nassau 8.0Ram I 8.3South Dakota 8.0Touchdown 9.0Viva 6.3LSD (.05) 0.95______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = No Seed Heads.
TABLE 34______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Head Density in Mowed Turf of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties under Low Maintenance at NorthBrunswick, NJ.Variety SEED HEAD DENSITY______________________________________Ba 78-165 8.3Baron 7.0Eclipse 1.7Georgetown 5.3Glade 1.7Gnome 6.3Haga 5.3Kenblue 1.0Liberty 6.0Merion 6.0Merit 8.0Midnight 1.0Monopoly 4.0Nassau 7.0Ram I 3.7South Dakota 1.3LSD (.05) 1.7______________________________________ Rating Scale: 1-9; 9 = Most Seed Heads.
TABLE 35______________________________________A Comparison of Plant Height (cm) in Early Spring of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varities at Gervais, OR.Variety PLANT HEIGHT______________________________________Ba 78-165 17.8Ba 76-372 10.6Ba 77-700 10.9Abbey 9.4Allure 12.4Ascot 8.6Bristol 9.6Buckingham 8.6Cannon 11.7Chateau 8.9Coventry 6.4Estate 8.9Fairfax 8.4Gnome 7.9Kelly 11.4Newport 13.7Victa 8.1Viva 10.2LSD (.05) 2.09______________________________________
TABLE 36______________________________________A Comparison of Mature Plant Height (cm) in Two Tests (A-B) ofBa 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.Variety TEST A TEST B______________________________________Ba 78-165 48.0 53.4Ba 76-372 60.5 68.4Ba 77-700 49.2 60.0Abbey 45.0 65.0Allure 49.2 53.0Ascot 48.4 56.0Bristol 62.2 69.4Buckingham 56.8 66.8Cannon 50.6 68.4Chateau 45.6 60.2Coventry 51.4 62.4Estate 50.6 57.4Fairfax 56.4 60.6Gnome 42.6 60.8Kelly 48.4 65.2Newport 61.6 74.9Victa 49.8 68.2Viva 55.0 61.6LSD (.05) 8.06 8.72______________________________________
TABLE 37______________________________________A Comparison of Mature Plant Height (cm) in Three Tests (A-C)Conducted in Late June of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky BluegrassVarieties at Gervais, OR.Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C______________________________________Ba 78-165 68.8 60.5 59.0Abbey 65.3 60.4 50.3Buckingham 68.0 43.9 56.5Coventry 60.3 42.1 51.5Midnight 75.0 39.2 45.0Vantage 73.0 81.8 73.5LSD (.05) 7.45 4.54 7.09______________________________________
TABLE 38______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Head Density of Mature Plants of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR SEED HEADVariety DENSITY______________________________________Ba 78-165 8.5Abbey 4.0Buckingham 6.0Coventry 4.5Midnight 5.8Vantage 7.8LSD (.05) 1.25______________________________________ Rating: 1-9; 9 = Most Seed Heads
TABLE 39______________________________________A Comparison of Maturity (1%, 50% and 100% Anthesis) in Three Tests(A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais,OR.TEST A TEST B TEST CVariety 1% 1% 50% 100% 1% 50% 100%______________________________________Ba 78-165 144 124 126 132 120 133 138Ba 76-372 152 126 129 133 122 132 139Ba 77-700 151 129 134 138 130 137 141Abbey 150 129 132 137 130 138 141Allure 144 128 131 135 127 136 140Ascot 140 119 124 132 120 134 140Bristol 144 125 127 132 122 132 139Buckingham 141 123 128 134 117 131 138Cannon 153 129 132 136 130 138 141Chateau 144 128 131 135 130 137 140Coventry 144 127 129 134 130 137 140Estate 143 127 129 135 130 137 140Fairfax 144 126 129 133 124 135 139Gnome 150 129 133 137 130 138 142Kelly 150 129 133 137 127 137 141Newport 145 120 123 131 119 131 139Victa 151 129 132 136 130 139 143Viva 150 129 133 137 130 138 142LSD (.05) 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.8 5.2 3.1 2.7______________________________________ Ratings: Days to Reach Percentage Rates of Maturity (1%, 50% or 100%) fro Planting Date
TABLE 40______________________________________A Comparison of Maturity (1%, 50% and 100% Heading) in Three Tests(A-C) of Ba 78-165 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais,OR.TEST A TEST B TEST CVariety 1`% 50% 100% 1% 50% 100% 1% 50% 100%______________________________________Ba 105 118 135 100 119 122 120 133 13878-165Ba 117 139 145 99 120 122 122 132 13976-372Ba 123 141 146 110 125 127 130 137 14177-700Abbey 123 139 147 108 124 127 130 138 141Allure 118 134 142 111 125 126 127 136 140Ascot 106 120 137 88 112 119 120 134 140Bristol 112 130 140 95 119 122 122 132 139Buck- 107 124 137 94 112 120 117 131 138inghamCannon 124 142 150 113 125 127 130 138 141Chateau 118 135 142 106 124 126 130 137 140Cov- 116 132 142 106 122 125 130 137 140entryEstate 118 134 142 106 124 126 130 137 140Fairfax 114 131 142 103 122 124 124 135 139Gnome 127 137 148 110 125 127 130 138 142Kelly 123 135 146 112 125 127 127 137 141New- 111 124 140 85 110 118 119 131 139portVicta 123 139 146 112 125 127 130 139 143Viva 123 140 148 109 125 127 130 138 142LSD 5.3 4.5 3.5 5.3 4.1 1.8 5.2 3.1 2.7(.05)______________________________________ Ratings: Days to Reach Percentage Rates of Maturity (1%, 50% or 100%) fro Planting Date
TABLE 41______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Yields in Four Tests (A-D) of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C TEST D Mean______________________________________Ba 78-165 992 1218 1197 1053 1115Cannon 970 1306 558 215 760Viva 920 1258 521 199 725Abbey 1124 1314 629 319 847Coventry 786 914 649 352 675Newport 1165 1002 1177 805 1037LSD (.05) 209 176 158 140______________________________________ Ratings: Pounds per Acre.
TABLE 42______________________________________A Comparison of Seed Yields in Four Tests (A-D) of Ba 78-165 andOther Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, OR.Variety TEST A TEST B TEST C TEST D______________________________________Ba 78-165 1196 982 673 638Abbey 516 848 483 249Buckingham 457 1071 555 328Coventry 480 429 111 268Midnight 112 618 251 233Vantage 328 663 400 227LSD (.05) 100 130 81 59______________________________________ Ratings: Pounds per Acre.
Claims
- 1. A variety of Kentucky Bluegrass plant, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, red thread and powdery mildew; a moderate tolerance to billbugs; a medium deep green color throughout the growing season; medium to high quality turf formation under a wide variety of environmental conditions; a moderately wide leaf blade; a low growth habit; and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
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Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
PP3156 |
Fuchigami et al. |
May 1972 |
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Meier et al. |
Sep 1988 |
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PP6537 |
Meier et al. |
Jan 1989 |
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PP6538 |
Meier et al. |
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|
PP6585 |
Meier et al. |
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PP7831 |
Meier et al. |
Mar 1992 |
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PP8490 |
Meier etal. |
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|
PP9036 |
Meier et al. |
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PP9209 |
Meier et al. |
Jul 1995 |
|
PP9611 |
Meier et al. |
Jul 1996 |
|
PP9848 |
Meier et al. |
Apr 1997 |
|