In one embodiment a piston in an internal combustion engine is pushed down to the bottom of the cylinder which causes the opening of exhaust ports. The pressure in the exhaust piping is positive 7 (
Pressure in the Exhaust tract is an indirect indication of the direction of flow with in the exhaust tract, positive is flow outward from the cylinder and negative pressure into the cylinder which can be cross verified by intake pressure, crankshaft or camshaft position, cylinder pressure. In one embodiment pressure sensors in the exhaust tract 5 (
Another embodiment of this invention utilizes variations in the fuel delivered from the intake and the exhaust ports to achieve variation in fuel to air ratios that allow ignition while also allowing complete burning without high combustion temperatures which lead to nitrogen oxide formation.
Another embodiment of this invention utilizes different fuels in the intake versus the exhaust to better achieve the results described in the paragraph above.
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As velocity decreases over distance more rapidly as droplets form and become smaller, a solid stream therefore maintains the maximum velocity against turbulence and opposite gas flow and therefore is able to oppose and traverse the exhaust gas flow. The impact of the solid stream on the poppet valve produces different liquid sheet angles and the break-up lengths at various angles and locations of impact on different shapes of valves.
Restated, Solid stream nozzles provide the highest impact per unit area. The large free passage design through the typically round solid stream nozzle orifice reduces clogging. In one embodiment a solid stream non-atomized spray directed against the exhaust valve achieves fuel heating and atomization from the deflection impact against the valve and the fuel charge flow against the flow of exhaust gases.
More than one injector can be used to create even thermal conditions in the valve metal which would reduce internal stresses within the metal because of differences in thermal expansion and contraction.
The location of the highest heat in the valve is presented in U.S. Pat. No. 4,073,474. Heat in the poppet valve periphery that contacts the valve seat is conducted away from the poppet valve. The hot center of the valve disk or head expands the metal against the cooler less thermally expended valve head periphery in contact with the valve seat, resulting in hoop stress and cracks within the valve periphery that contacts the valve seat within the intake tract. In one embodiment of this invention cooling from fuel and or water spray would be best directed upon this hot center of the valve head. Described in alternate language, the solid spray impacts between the beginning of the poppet valve stem and the beginning of the part of the valve periphery which makes contact with the valve seat in the cylinder head.
Fortunately the exhaust valve is typically placed in the cylinder head with a short exit path to the exhaust header, so it maybe possible to perform conversions of existing engines by installing injectors in the exhaust headers. Smaller injectors know as pico injectors are available. Smaller single cylinder engines or engines with separated cylinders allow more direct access to the exhaust valve from many directions and thus are better candidates for inexpensive conversion.
Small two stroke engines present a simpler conversion.
This conception of injecting fuel into the combustion chamber from the exhaust side of the engine is unexpected because conventional expectations do not see flow going this direction. Conventional expectations are also that the injection into this area would cause a back fire or wasted fuel. In some cases fuel is injected into the exhaust port, but it is designed to combust there and flow out the exhaust pipe to provide heating and preparation of the mixture for the catalytic converter. In this invention the fuel is designed to go into the combustion chamber and be burned there for propulsion.
The hot surfaces of the exhaust tract and ports and exhaust valves that would normally be considered a structural melting problem are used to heat and make gaseous (volatilize) the liquid fuel which results in better combustion. The fuel spray also serves to cool the problematically hot exhaust valve. Heavier fuels can used because of the hot volatilization. The cooling of the exhaust ports and valves reduces the potential for uncontrolled burning or detonation caused by the hot surfaces and thus suppresses the very reason that this invention would be considered impossible to implement.
Another embodiment of this invention utilizes variations in the fuel delivered from the intake and the exhaust ports to achieve variation in fuel to air ratios that allow ignition while also allowing complete burning without high combustion temperatures which lead to nitrogen oxide formation.
Another embodiment of this invention utilizes different fuels in the intake versus the exhaust to better achieve the results described in the paragraph above.
Another embodiment of this invention utilizes water or its vapors or constituent parts of water in the exhaust port injector to cool the cylinder charge and the components of the cylinder itself to achieve the results described in the above.
This application is a Continuation of Ser. No. 12/758,873 filed 2010 Apr. 13 by the present Inventor, which is incorporated by reference. This application claims the benefit of PPA Ser. No. 61/168,625 filed 2009 Apr. 13 by the present Inventor, which is incorporated by reference. Application PCT Ser. Nr. PCT/US10/30957 filed 2010 Apr. 14, continuing in part Ser. Nr. PCT/US10/52422 filed 2010 Oct. 13 and continuing in Part U.S. Ser. No. 12/903,286 filed 2010 Oct. 13 by the present Inventor, are related to this application.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12758873 | Apr 2010 | US |
Child | 13355572 | US |