FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to automatically via a ski pole transmitter releasing ski bindings by pushing a button on the ski pole bindings or another transmitter button remote from the ski bindings.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is estimated that over 10,000 crippling knee injuries occur each ski season in Colorado, U.S.A., alone. Extrapolating worldwide there might be over 50,000 knee injuries each ski season worldwide. Great advances have been made in downhill ski bindings to automatically release during violent forward falls. Several problems exist with the best downhill ski bindings.
A serious problem is the slow, twisting backward fall. Most anterior crucia ligament (ACL) injuries occur with this type of fall. Expert skiers teaching children fall during a lesson and tear their ACL. A damaged ACL can be treated with a modern, complex, and expensive surgery called a patella tendon graft replacement for the ACL. Other body parts such as the hamstring tendon can also be used to replace the damaged ACL.
Thus, two surgeries are required. First a body part such as the patella tendon is harvested. Second the damaged ACL is removed and replaced with the harvested body part.
A good result requires six months of the replacement ACL to gain strength and function like the original ACL. About a year's physical therapy is required to regain maximum use of the leg. Two wounds must heel, without infection. Stiffness in the knee joint sometimes leads to loss of full range of motion. Atrophy of the leg muscles from the down time of surgery adds stress to the already weakened knee. Additional ACL and related injuries do occur. An average cost of one procedure with therapy is about $15,000.00.
All this misery can stem from one careless fall backwards while standing in the ski line. Following your child at 3 mph can lead to a slow backwards fall and a crippling ACL injury. Nobody has invented a working solution to this one worst injury so frequently caused by a careless moment on downhill skis.
One new attempt to solve this problem is the Lange® boot rearward pivot ankle segment of the boot. A pre-set backward force will release the ankle segment of the boot rearward. However, the boot is still locked into the ski binding. Only twelve pounds of twisting torque on the foot is required to tear an ACL. The Lange® boot solution does not address the release of rotational force on the knee. It addresses the release of a rearward force by the boot on the back of the skier's calf. It is unknown if this system will reduce ACL injuries.
A large portion (perhaps half) of all ACL injuries occur at slow speeds falling backwards. Therefore, a couple of seconds of reaction time exists for a trained skier (either novice or expert) to push an emergency release button on his ski pole handle and totally eject from his skis. By the time the skier hits the ground, he's out of his skis without exerting any rotational torque to his knees. Properly trained skiers using the present invention can reduce the risk of ACL injury by a large percent, perhaps even half. This could mean 25,000 fewer worldwide ACL injuries a year, and a much safer sport overall.
Other uses for this emergency release system (also called a bail out™ system) include easy release for beginners so they can spend less time learning to stand up, and more time skiing. Upside down skiers in a tree hole can quickly release and quickly get out of a dangerous situation.
The basic principle of the present invention is to mount the heel and/or toe release segment of a ski binding on a short track. Pushing the release button energizes a stored force on the ski to move the heel and/or toe binding along the track to a position larger than the ski boot. The result is a size 10 boot in a size 12 binding. The skier is instantly free of his skis.
To remount the skier resets his binding to the loaded and properly sized position, steps in, and skis as usual.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main aspect of the present invention is to provide a track on a ski binding element, wherein a remote release button powers the ski binding element to move on the track to a position larger than the skier's proper boot and binding locked position.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a transmitter button on a ski pole to activate the movement of the ski binding on the track.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a spring having an electronically activated release mechanism on the ski to move the binding element on the track.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a gas actuated piston on the ski to move the ski binding element on the track.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a mounting plate with a track to house a toe and heel element of a ski binding.
The preferred embodiment uses the stored energy of a spring in a housing mounted to the rear of a ski binding heel element. A radio signal activated mechanism releases the spring which moves the ski binding heel element back along a track to very rapidly release a skier from his binding.
All normal functions of a modern, forward release ski binding remain intact.
Initial prototypes prove the concept of building a track style release mechanism which can use off the shelf ski bindings.
Future models of the track style release binding could be factory built with the initial ski binding.
A sliding plate supports a heel binding member on a ski. By depressing a remote switch the skier activates a linear actuator on the ski, thereby releasing a latch which allows a stored energy source to pivot upward a forward and rear lock arm assembly. By the central pivot joint between the forward and rear lock arms pivoting upward, the overall length of the lock arm assembly is reduced. The sliding plate is attached to one end of the lock arm assembly. Thus, when the lock arm assembly is actuated into the release mode, and shortened, the sliding plate pulls its ski binding member and increases the distance between the ski binding members, thereby releasing the boot from the ski binding members even in a backward fall. Either a spring or gas piston assembly is used as the stored energy source to pivot the lock arm assembly upward to the release mode. Either a base plate supports all the elements of the sliding plate assembly, or a rail member is fastened directly to the ski upon which the sliding plate slides. This embodiment offers the least weight added to the ski. The invention can be adapted for use on most prior art downhill ski bindings. All the prior art release functions of the prior art step in release bindings are unchanged, but additionally the skier can cock his system with a simple step onto the lock arm assembly central pivot joint, and push a button on his pole to release even in a slow backward fall.
Other aspects of this invention will appear from the following description and appended claims, reference being made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a right side plan view of a toe piece track release embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a partial cutaway view of the ski pole handle transmitter.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of an alternate embodiment spring release mechanism.
FIG. 5 is a left side plan view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a right side view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a bottom plan view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a rear plan view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a front plan view of the spring housing of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spring housing (released) of the alternate embodiment taken along line 24-24 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 is a same view as FIG. 11 with the spring housing locked.
FIG. 13 is the same view as FIG. 4, but the binding housing has an optional sound module, a chirper chip.
FIG. 14 (prior art) is a longitudinal sectional view of a Dynastar® floating heel plate ski.
FIG. 15 is a top perspective view of a spring release embodiment mounted on the ski shown in FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of a foot cocking emergency backward release binding, the preferred embodiment, with the actuator cocked and ready to ski.
FIG. 17 is the same view as FIG. 26 with the actuator released.
FIG. 18 is a top perspective view of a ski boat ready to ski in the cocked emergency backward release binding.
FIG. 19 is a rear perspective view of the ski boot ready to ski in the cocked emergency backward release binding.
FIG. 20 is a plan view of the skier's right side showing the ski boot ready to ski in the cocked emergency backward release binding.
FIG. 21 is a close up perspective view of the release hinge assembly.
FIG. 22 is a skier's right side perspective view of the release hinge assembly with the trigger released.
FIG. 23 is a close up view of the trigger released as shown in FIG. 22.
FIG. 24 is a rear perspective close up view of the triggers released and the hinge assembly in the released mode.
FIG. 25 is a close up view of the release assembly.
FIG. 26 is a skier's right side perspective view of the released emergency backward release binding showing the boot about to leave the ski.
FIG. 27 is a skier's right side perspective view of the released emergency backward release binding showing the boot about to leave the ski.
FIG. 28 is a skier's right side perspective view of a boot leaving the released emergency backward release binding.
FIG. 29 is a front perspective view of an alternate embodiment gas piston version of the emergency backward release binding in the released mode.
FIG. 30 is the same view as FIG. 29 with the binding cocked.
FIG. 31 is a back perspective view of an alternate embodiment rack and pinion operated latch shown in the released mode.
FIG. 32 is a back perspective cut away view showing rack and pinion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring first to FIG. 1 a downhill ski 1 has a traditional forward release binding system 2 comprising a toe release mechanism 3, a heel release mechanism 4 and a snow brake 5. When the skier 7 falls forward his boot 6 moves forward in direction F thereby releasing the binding system 2 in a known manner. Upon release the snow brake 5 is thrust downward. A movable track 11 supports the toe release mechanism 3. An actuator arm 15 is connected to the track 11. Any one of a variety of actuating mechanisms 12 respond to a remote signal to pull the track 11 forward in direction FR, thereby releasing the boot 6 from the binding system 2.
Referring next to FIGS. 2, 3 the ski pole 1500 has a handle 1501. An activator button 1502 is mounted on top of the handle for thumb activation. Accidental discharges are prevented by safety switch 1503. The safety on S-ON position prevents the depressing of button 1502 because segment 1509 inserts into a hole in button 1503, locking it. In the safety off position S-OFF the button 1502 is free to be activated. Normally the skier would move to the S-OFF position only during a ski run, not on the lift or during transport.
For release the button 1502 closes switch 1504. The battery 1505 energizes the transmitter 1506 which sends signals 1508 to the ski mounted receiver. Known multiple frequency methods are used to create a large number of different frequencies in the field so as to prevent one skier releasing another's bindings. Short range transmitters also minimize this risk.
Referring next to FIG. 4 a ski boat 220 is shown stepping into a prior art downhill ski binding 221 which consists of a toe piece 222 and a heel piece 223. The dotted lines of the ski boot 220 show the traditional downward movement of the ski boot 220 for locking into the ski binding 221. The toe piece 222 is screwed into the ski 224 in a known manner. The proper mounting distance between the toe piece and heel piece for boot 220 is shown as D2 (distance for skiing).
The heel piece is mounted to the track 225 instead of the ski 224. The track 225 can be a flat metal strip which slides under anchors 226 which are fastened to the ski with screws (or bolts) 227. A notch 231 under the anchors 226 receives the moveable track 225. When the spring release mechanism 230 pulls the track rearward for a release, (shown by arrow) then the distance between the toe and heel pieces increases to Dr (distance for release).
The track 225 has a rear flange 228 which is connected to a shaft 229, which in turn is directly attached too a central piston (FIG. 12, 300). The spring release mechanism consists for a main housing 232, a receiver 234, a solenoid 235, an electronics housing 2350, a plunger 236, a trigger 237, and a trigger support 238. The outer case for the above components has been removed.
In operation a skier cocks the spring release mechanism to the ski position shown in FIG. 12. A lever 240 (such as the tip of a ski pole) is used to push the central piston crank arm 301 forward in direction F. This is accomplished by pulling the lever 240 rearward in direction R against the fulcrum 241. The fulcrum is shown as a simple piece of metal extending rearward from the main housing 232. Now the traditional ski binding 221 functions in the traditional manner to release upon a forward force from the ski boot 220. However, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 a signal 1508 (preferably a radio signal) is generated by a skier to demand the instant release of his bindings. The receiver 234 receives the signal 1508 and activates the solenoid 235 to extend the plunger 236, thereby tripping the trigger 237. When the trigger 237 is tripped, the stored energy of the main spring (FIG. 11, 290) forces the central piston (FIG. 11, 3000) to the release position as shown in FIG. 11. The track 225 is pulled rearward in direction R, and the distance between the toe and heel pieces increases to distance Dr. In prototype mode the difference between Dr and Ds is approximately one inch.
Referring next to FIGS. 5, 6 the external appearance of the trigger 237 and its related functional parts is shown in plan view. The housing 232 forms a base for the fulcrum 241. A slot 401 allows adjustment of the rearward positioning of the fulcrum 241 with bolts 400. The solenoid is mounted inside the electronic housing 2350, said housing counteracts the electronic force generated to move the plunger 236 rearward to trigger the trigger 237. Bolts 2290 secure the shaft to the flange 228. The trigger 237 controls the movement of a sear (also called a locking pin) 3000. A base 3015 forms a pivot for the sear 3000 to pivot from.
Referring next to FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 the solenoid and electronic components have been removed to better show the mechanical parts. The spring housing 232 has mounting holes 2600 on the bottom for attachment to a ski. A bolt 2507 secures the trigger housing 238 to the spring housing 232. A bolt 2509 secures the sear base 3015 to the spring housing 232. Pin 3086 is a forward stop for the trigger 237. Pin 3005 is a pivot for the trigger 237. Pin 3006 is a stop for spring 3007 which pushes the trigger 237 over the sear 3000 in the cocking operation. Pin 3002 is a stop for spring 3003 which pushes the sear 3000 into the groove 3012 which is located on the peripheral surface of central piston 300.
The operation of the spring mechanism 230 is best seen in FIGS. 11, 12. The electronic parts have been removed. The technical challenge is to store enough energy in the spring 290 to violently pull the track 225 rearward on demand to release. The further challenge is to work with the limited power available with a light weight battery pack on board the ski. Too much added weight is not practical for downhill skis. The solution is a sear 3000 which has a locking corner 3011 which is forced into a locking engagement with a locking edge 3010 of the groove 3012 on the outside of the central piston 300. The spring 3003 forces the sear downward in direction D when the spring is fully compressed. This locked and ready to ski mode is shown in FIG. 25. The spring 3007 forces the trigger 237 to lock the sear down.
When the skier pushes his release button to send a (preferably radio) signal to the receiver 234, the solenoid (or linear motor) is powered, thereby forcing plunger 236 against the trigger 237. The trigger 237 has a pivot pin 3005, and so the plunger 236 moves the locking bottom edge 3009 off the top of the sear, thereby allowing the spring 3003 to raise the sear around its pivot pin 3001. As this occurs the locking surfaces 3010, 3011 are released, and the spring 290 violently discharges its stored energy and pulls the track 225 rearward. This rearward force does overcome both the force of the weight of the skier as well as the force of any ice and debris that has collected on the ski. The release mode is shown in FIG. 24. The cavity 3004 in the sear 3000 holds the spring 3003.
Referring next to FIG. 13 the same system as FIG. 14 is shown. However, an optional sound module 1700 is mounted inside the outer case 230. The same battery 233 that powers the solenoid 235 can power the sound module 1700 via wire 1702. Known sound modules include chirper chips used in battery powered fire alarms. A skier who lost his ski in powder (worth perhaps $700.00) can now press his ski pole handle button (FIG. 2, 1502) to make a chirping sound to help locate his ski. The on-board 9 volt battery could also power a mini speaker (not shown) to get more noise.
Referring next to FIG. 14 a prior art Dynastar® Autodrive™ ski 2700 is shown. The idea is to mount the binding onto a flexible plate 2702 in order to get better flex from the ski which now is not compressed by bolts from the binding heel. A flexible cushion layer 2703 supports the heel segment of the metal mounting plate 2702. The toe segment of the binding is supported by a filler layer 2701. As the ski arcs the heel segment of the metal mounting plate floats with support post 2704 moving on cavity 2705.
FIG. 15 is the same as FIG. 14 except for the use of the ski 2700. The metal mounting plate holds the entire binding and release assemblies. To cock the spring in the release mechanism and spring main housing 232 the skier can kick or push the plunger 301 impacting a forward force on it.
Referring next to FIG. 16 the emergency backward release binding 1000 has a base plate 1001 with holes 1015 to hold mounting screws to a downhill ski. Other ski types could use the binding 1000 including cross country, monoski, telemark and snow boards. A prior art heel release member of a downhill ski binding 1008 is shown mounted to a track 1002. The track 1002 moves backward B in release mode and locks forward F in the ski mode. The track 1002 has two longitudinal platforms 1007, 1006 which ride in grooves 1004, 1005 respectively. A T shaped rail 100 Holds the longitudinal platforms 1007, 1006 down with the top of the T.
The rear of the track 1002 has an anchor 1009 held down with screws 1010. An actuating piston 1011 is fastened to the anchor 1009. An optional soft washer 1012 prevents the anchor 1009 from hitting the guide 1013 in the release mode. Screws 1014 hold the guide 1013 to the base plate 1001. The guide 1013 functions to guide the actuating piston 1011 in a forward F and backward B motion during operation. A spring 1016 pushes from the guide 1013 against the end 1018 of the forward locking arm 1019. A washer 1022 may be used to reduce wear. The end 1018 has a Y shape, wherein the inside of the Y receives the rear end 1023 of the actuating piston 1011. The end 1023 has a hole which receives a pivot pin 1017.
The rear end 1021 of the forward locking arm 1019 is received by the Y shaped forward end of the rear locking arm 1025. The rear end of the forward locking arm 1019 has a hole which receives a pivot pin 1020. The rear end 1040 of the rear locking arm 1025 has a hole which receives pivot pin 1029 which is fastened to rear anchor 1030. The rear anchor 1030 is fastened to the base plate 1001 with screws 1031.
The ski position is shown, wherein the forward end of the rear locking arm 1025 is held down D by the latch 1026 which has hooked the catch 1027 which is mounted in the top 1032 of the rear release arm 1025. When the solenoid 1028 is remotely activated by the skier, the latch 1026 is pulled off the catch 1027, and the front of the rear locking arm 1025 pops up U due to the force applied by spring 1016.
Referring next to FIG. 17 the release made is shown. The solenoid 1028 has been activated by the skier pushing the release button 2009 which caused a transmitter 2008 in the handle of the ski pole 2007 to send a signal 2010 (preferably a radio signal) to the receiver/controller 2006. The receiver/controller 2006 powers the solenoid 1028 to pull the bottom 2003 of the latch 1026 forward F. The latch 1026 pivots at pin 2001. The latch base 2000 supports the pin 2001. When the power is removed from the solenoid 1028, the spring 2004 returns the bottom 2003 backward B, thereby getting the latch 1026 in the ready position to engage the catch 1027 when the skier steps on the top 1032. The battery pack 2005 powers the solenoid 1028 and the receiver/controller 2006. The wire 2001 carries power to the solenoid 1028.
Referring next to FIG. 18 the ski 4000 is equipped with a prior art step in binding heel member 1008 and toe member 3001. The ski boat 3000 has a length d1 for which the binding members 1008, 3001 have been adjusted to accommodate for proper release.
Referring next to FIG. 19 the track 1002 is shown in a cutaway view. The emergency background release binding 1000 is in the ski mode.
Referring next to FIG. 20 it can be seen that the emergency backward release binding 1000 raises the boat 3000 a height h1 above the ski 4000. Therefore, a compensating plate 4010 must be installed under the toe member 3001 to keep the boat 3000 level. An equivalent system (not shown) would install the track 1002 under the toe member 3001, and mount the compensating plate 4010 under the heel member 1008.
Referring next to FIG. 21 the latch 1026 is seen to have a locking détente 5000 which locks the catch 1027 down in the skiing mode as shown. The return spring 3016 maintains the bottom 2003 of the latch 1026 backward as shown. When the solenoid piston 5001 is pulled forward F by powering the solenoid 1028, the bottom 2003 is pulled forward F, the locking détente is pulled backward B, thereby releasing the catch 1027. At this point the forward locking arm 1019 forces the rear locking arm front end 5005 upward.
Referring next to FIG. 22 the solenoid 1028 has been pulled backward B. The spring 1016 is about to push the forward backing arm 1019 backward B. This will cause the actuating piston 1011 to move backward B which in turn causes the track 1002 to move backward B. The result of this action is shown in FIG. 36 where the distance form the rear binding member 1008 to the toe binding member 3001 has increased to distance d2. The distance d2-d1 is about 1/4 inch. However, design choice can enlarge this distance to about an inch.
Referring next to FIG. 23 a close up view of the latch 1026 in the release position with the locking détente 5000 backward is shown.
Referring next to FIG. 24 the plate 1002 is pulled backward, and a gap G now exists between the boat 3000 and the rear binding member 1008, so the skier can now fall backward as well as any direction and be released from the skis.
Referring next to FIG. 25, stop 6000 prevents the over travel of the bottom 2003 of latch 1026 in the B direction. Slots 6010 in stop 6000 permit the fine adjustment of the travel of stop position. Screws 6002 fasten stop 6000 to base 1001 by passing through slots 6010 and into appropriately positioned thread holes (not shown) in base 1001. Travel of the bottom 2003 of latch 1026 in the F direction is limited by the stroke of solenoid 1028.
Referring next to FIG. 26 the released mode is shown. The heel of the boot is free. In operation a slight left L or right R force exists, thus the skier can fall backwards as his boot toe clears the toe binding member 3001. Additionally the spring 1016 exerts a forward force on the ski 4000 which also pushes the toe binding member 3001 clear of the front of the boot 3000. FIG. 26 also shows a safety tether 7001 secured around the boot 3000. The skier can use the clip 7002 to hook the eye 7000 which is screwed into the ski 4000. The skier may choose to do this before loading onto a chairlift to prevent an accidental release of his emergency backward release binding 1000 from dropping the ski 4000 off the chairlift.
Referring next to FIG. 27 the skier is stepping on the pivot pin 1020, or anywhere on the juncture area between the front lock arm 1019 and the rear lock arm 1025, including the top 1032. The skier's weight compresses the spring 1016 and locks the catch 1027 into the détente 5000. Thus, the skier has to add this step down maneuver to the prior art step down maneuver needed to cock the heel member 1008.
Referring next to FIG. 28 the skier has released the emergency backward release binding 1000 and is stepping out of the skis at the lodge, or for an emergency stop, or for release when upside-down in a tree hole or when twisted after a fall, or for a military attack move enabling a solider to sire a weapon while jumping out of his skis.
Referring next to FIG. 29 an alternate embodiment emergency backward release ski binding 1300 using a gas piston assembly 1305 to pull the track 1002 backwards B. This embodiment is functionally equivalent to the FIG. 1, 1000 embodiment. The track 1002 moves backwards B in the same way for the release mode, which is shown.
This figure also shows the alternate embodiment rails 1322, 1323 which screw directly into the ski 4000. No base plate 1001 is needed. This rail embodiment could be used in the FIG. 1, 1000 members that mounted to the base plate 1001 would mount instead to the ski 4000.
The track 1002 has a rear anchor 1301 with a pivot pin 1308 pivotally supporting the forward back arm 1302. The pivot pin 1309 pivotally supports the rear lock arm 1303 with the forward lock arm 1302. An anchor 1301 has a pivot pin 1308 to support the forward end of the front lock arm 1302. An anchor 1304 has a pivot pin 1310 supporting the rear of the rear lock arm 1303. The front of the rear lock arm 1303 has a housing 1330 to support the pivot pin 1309 as well as to support the gas chamber 1306 via the pivot pin 1331. The forward end of the piston 1307 attached to the forward end of the forward back arm 1302 with a pivot pin 1332. The piston 1307 extends form the gas chamber 1306 due to gas pressure, when changing form the ski position to the release position the latch 1313 has been released front the housing 1330 which has a catch 1311 for the détente 1313. The solenoid 1315 has an actuator 1317 which pulls the détente 1313 from the catch 1311 when the solenoid 1315 is powered by the receiver/controller (as shown in FIG. 28). A base 1314 pivotally supports the latch 1313 via pivot pin 1316. The adjustment bolt 1335 prevents an over-depression of the rear lock arm 1303 when the skier steps on the housing 1330 depressing it downward d2 to cock the piston assembly 1305 into the ski mode as shown in FIG. 40 the skier has stepped into the housing 1330, thereby compressing air in the gas chamber 1306, that compressed air 1307 out of the chamber 1306 when the latch 1312 is released via the solenoid 1315. The adjustment bolt 1335 is in contact with the ski 4000. The heel binding member 1008 is ready to accept a ski boat.
Referring next to FIG. 31, receiver 2006 activates motor 8001. Mounted on the rotating shaft 8002 of motor 8001 in a pinion gear 8003 that rotates in unison with shaft 8002. The rotation of pinion gear 8003 engages the teeth 8004 of rack 8005 that is free to slide longitude in directions B and F as pinion gear 8003 rotates CW and CCW respectively. The F and B movement of rack 8005 is transferred to the bottom of latch 2003 via ridged wire 8006.
Equivalents to all the above described inventions include all combinations of all embodiments. The rails 1322, 1323 can be used with the spring 1316 embodiment shown in FIG. 2. the piston assembly 1305 embodiment of FIG. 40 can be used with the base plate 1001 embodiment of FIG. 2. All embodiments could be mounted to the toe binding member instead of the heel binding member. Pivot pins are equivalent to any pivot joint. A solenoid is equivalent to any linear actuator such as a linear motor, or rack and pinion.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, numerous modifications and variations can be made and still the result will come within the scope of the invention. No limitation with respect to the specific embodiments disclosed herein is intended or should be inferred.
Before explaining the disclosed embodiment of the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the particular arrangement shown, since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Patent Application
20050167950
