Bacteria identification method and apparatus

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bacteria-coding identification method,bacteria biochemical properties identifying papers which detect the biological properties using this method, and apparatus or means useful for identifying the genus and species of bacteria using the coding identification method and biochemical properties-identifying papers.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention involves a bacteria-coding identificaton method, which is for parenteral gram-negative bacilli, enteric gram-negative bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, neisseria/hemophilus, campylobacter, yeast-like fungi, corynebacteria, Micrococcaceae bacteria, Streptoccaceae bacteria, bacilli and lactobacilli, and bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers which detect the biological properties using this method, i.e. identification papers for parenteral gram-negative bacilli, enteric gram-negative bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, neisseria/hemophilis, campylobacter, yeast-like fungi, corgnebacteria, Micrococcaceae bacteria, Streptoccaceae bacteria, bacilli and lactobacilli, and apparatus or means useful for identifying the genus and species of bacteria using the coding identification method and biochemical properties-identifying papers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Bacteria ideatification is a course including detecting the biological properties of the strain to be identificated using the bacteria biological properties assay device, and then according to the detection results of the biological properties of the strain, determining its genus and species by identification method and with the help of identification apparatus or identification coding retrieval means. At present, there are two kinds of bacteria identification met , which are double-branch identification and numerical identification, The former, which is well-known, achieves the identification of genus and species of the stain to be identified by analyzing the detection results of the biological properties one by one. The method contains too many identification steps and costs a lot time because the assay route and the next item of biological property to be detected cannot be determined until the detection result of the former one has been obtained and the steps are repeated again and again until the identification conclusion can be drawn. Meanwhile, the method Can not provide probability parameter when the bacteria identification result is shown because it is logical reasoning analytics. In order to decrease steps and reduce time, scholars abroad put forward numerical identification methods in succession, such as differentiation analysis method, nearest neighbor analysis method, Ochireed distance method, related coefficient method, probability most approximate value model method et. al.

These methods can simultaneously analyse several detection results of the biological properies of the strain to be identifed, which are obtained at one time, and provide probability parameter when the bacteria identification result is shown. Among the methods, probability most approximate value model identification method is applied at most and its effect is beat. Numerical identification methods, including probability most approximate value model method, are also called coding identification methods because in the course of bacteria identification by numerical methods several biological properties of bacteria usually need to be detected and the detection items or detection results need to be coded. There are 15 to 32 coding test items or sorts of test medium in the paper-hole respectively in the well-known coding identification methods or bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers, such as VITEK, ATB, API, Micro-ID and Entertube II et al. Because of the unreasonable selection and inferior combination effect of the coding test items or the test medium sorts in the hole of bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers, the identification of the bacteria identified for group is inefficient. Because the amount o coding test items or the medium sorts of biochemical properties-identifying papers is large and pats of coding test items have not identification value to identifying bacteria for group in the combination, the consumption and waste is age.

Different identification apparatus o identification coding retrieval means is used in the course of bacteria identification besides the use of different identification methods and bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers. At present, bacteria identification device has special bacteria identifier with microprocessor as the core component and computer supported by bacteria identification software system. The well-known special bacteria identifier, such as VITEK Microbiological Automated Analyzer (VITEK Inc. U. S. A.) and ATB Bacteria Identifier (bio Merieux Inc., France), and computer supported by bacteria identification software system, such as API Advisory Computer, which identify bacteria by VITEK, ATB and API coding identification method respectively, exist the intrinsic defects of VITEK, ATB and API coding identification method mentioned above. Because the storage mediums of identification software are hard disc, floppy disc or tape, they have poor stability, physical vulnerability, complicated structure of themselves and the interface between them and microprocessor and large volume. Because there is no simulated color image on detection results of bacteria biological properties in the identification device, the man-machine interface is not visual and the operator can not obtain contrast promptness or analysis. Because there are less units of bacteria that can be identified in the identification device, the range of bacteria identification is narrow. Because the type of test system to detect the biological properties of the bacteria to be identified in ed in the identification system is single, the application is limited. Because there are many components in the identification device and the structure and interface are complicated, the volume is large, the cost of manufacture is high and the maintenance and upkeep are inconvenient. The well-known bacteria identification coding retrieval means, such as API Identification Coding Retrieval Manual and Micro-ID Identification Coding Retrieval Manual and the bacteria identification coding cetrieval computers which identity bacteria by API and Micro-ID coding identification method respectively, exist the intrinsic defects of API and Micro-ID coding identification method mentioned above.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a bacteria-coding identification method, which is for parenteral gram-negative bacilli, enteric gram-negative bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, neisseria/hemophilus, campylobacter, yeast-like fungi, corynebacteria, Micrococcaceae bacteria, Streptoccaceae bacteria, bacilli and lactobacilli, and bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers which detect the biological properties using this method, i. e. identification papers for parenteral gram-negative bacilli, enteric gram-negative bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, neisseria/hemophilus, campylobacter, yeast-like fungi, corynebacteria, Micrococcaceae bacteria, Steptoccaceae bacteria, bacilli and lactobacilli, and apparatus or mean useful for identifying the genus and species of bacteria using the coding identification method and biochemical properties-identifying papers.

The above object of the present invention is realized in this way: First, according to the known bacteria biological properties, the coding test items for bacteria Identification are selected by optimum seeking method. Thereafter, bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers are preparated on the basis of the optimum coding test items and are used to detect the biochemical properties of the strain to be identified. The detected bacteria biochemical properties are coed as biological code according to the method of 4-2-1 or 1-2-4 in octonal notation. Then the, identification conclusion on the genus and species of the strain to be identified is drawn from biological code by using numeral identification method and with the help of bacteria identification apparatus or by using bacteria identification coding retrieval means, which is obtained through procoding the probable test presentation or biological code of known bacteria in bacteria identification coding test items. To identify bacteria in different groups, the coding test items, the medium sorts of biochemical test in biochemical properties-identifying papers and the coding method of biological code are as the follows.

(1) To identify parenteral gram-negative bacilli, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 15 kinds of assimilation tests and test mediums, which are those of 2-keto-gluconate (2 KG), 3-hydroxy-benzoate (3HB), 3-hydroxy-butyrate (OBU), citrate (CIT), L-proline (LPR), histose (HIS), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), glycogen (GLY), maltose (MA), sucrose (SUC), D-melibiose (MEL), L-fucose (FUC), D-glucose (GLU), inositol (IND) and manitol (MAN). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ 2KG + CIT + NAG - SUC - GLG +Coding 2HB - LPR - GLY + MEL - IND + BiologicalMethod OBU + HIS - MAL + FUC - MAN + Code______________________________________4-2-1 5 4 3 0 7 648071-2-4 6 1 6 0 7 61607______________________________________

(2) To identify enteric gram-negative bacilli, the coding test items ate 15 tests, which are of those oxidase (OXI), growth in MCK agar (MCK), motility (MOT), lysine decarboxylase (LDC), ornithint decarboxylase (ODC), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), indole production (IND) urease (URE, citrate utilization (CIT), glucose oxidation (GLO), mannitol fermentation (MAN), sucrose fermentation (SUC), chamnose fermentation (RHA), amygdalin fermentation (AMY) arid sorbitol fermentation (SOR), the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 12 sorts of test mediums, which are those of lysine decarboxylase (LDC), ornithint decarboxylase (ODC), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), indole production (IND), urease (URE). citrate utilization (CIT), glucose oxidation (GLO), mannitol fermentation (MAN), sucrose fermentation (SUC), chamnose fermentation (RHA), amygdalin fermentation (AMY) and sorbitol fermeatation (SOR). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ OXI - LDC - IND + OFO + RHA -Coding MCK - ODC + URE + MAN + AMY - BiologicalMethod MOT + ADH - CIT - SUC + SOR - Code______________________________________4-2-1 1 2 6 7 0 126701-2-4 4 2 3 7 0 42370______________________________________

(3) To identify Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 12 kinds of tests and test mediums, which are those of lysine decarboxylase (LDC), ornitine decarboxylase (ODC), malonate utilization (MAU), urease (URE), cellobiose fermentation (CEL), D-sorbitol fermentation (SOR), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), adonitol fermentation (ADO), sucrose fermentation (SUC), dulcitol fermentation (DUL), .alpha.-methyl-D-glucoside fermentation (AMG) and D-mannitol fermentation (MAN). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ LDC + URE + LAR - DUL -Coding ODC - CEL - ADO + AMG - BiologicalMethod MAU + SOR - SUC + MAN - Code______________________________________4-2-1 5 4 3 0 64301-2-4 5 1 6 0 5160______________________________________

(4) To identify anaerobic-bacteria, the coding test items are 14 tests which are those of gram stain (GRS), sporulation (SPO), .alpha.-glucoside (AGL), .alpha.-galactosidase (AGA), .alpha.-arabinosidase (AAR), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), .beta.-galactosidase (BAG), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), leucine arylamidase (LAA), proline arylamidase (PRA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), indole production (IND), mannose fermentation (MAS) and .beta.-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 12 sorts of test mediums, which are those of .alpha.-glucosidase (AGL), .alpha.-galactosidase (AGA), .alpha.-arabinosidase (AAR), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), .beta.-galactosidase (AGA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BUG), leucine arylamidase (LAA), proline arylamidase (PRA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), indole production (IND), mannose fermentation (MAS) and N-acetyl-.beta.-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). The coding method is as follows:

______________________________________ GRS + AGL - BGL + LAA - IND -Coding SPO - AGA - BGA - PRA + MAS + BiologicalMethod -- ARA - BGU + ALP + NAG - Code______________________________________4-2-1 2 0 5 3 2 205321-2-4 1 0 5 6 2 10562______________________________________

(5) To identify neisseria/hemophilus, the coding test items are 10 tests which are those of catalase (CAT), growth in Martin-Thayer medium (MTM), glucose fermentation (GLU), maltose fermentation (MLT), .beta.-gluco-sidase (BGL), phenylphosphonate (OPS), glycine arylamidase (GLY), .gamma.-glutamyl arylamidase (GGT), proline arylamidase (PRO) and reduction of resazurin (RES), the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 9 sorts of test mediums, which are those of growth in Martin-Thayer medium (MTM), glucose fermeatation (GLU), maltose fermeatation (MLT), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), phenyl-phosphonate (OPS), glycine crylamidase (GLY), .gamma.-glutamyl arylamidase (GGT), proline arylamidase (PRO) and reduction of resazurin (RES)-The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ CAT + MTM + BGL - GGT -Coding -- GLU - OPS + PRO - BiologicalMethod -- MLT - GLY + RES + Code______________________________________4-2-1 1 4 3 1 14311-2-4 1 1 6 4 1164______________________________________

(6) To itemdify campylobacter, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 9 kinds of test and test mediums, which are those of catalase (CAT), reduction of nitrate (NIT), urease (URE), succinate assimilation (SUT), acetate assimilation (ACE), hippurate hydrolysis (HIP) hydrogen sulfide production (HYS), .gamma.-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline posphatase (ALP). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ CAT+ SUC+ HYS-Coding NIT- ACE- GGT+ BiologicalMethod URE- HIP+ ALP- Code______________________________________4-2-1 4 5 2 4521-2-4 1 5 2 152______________________________________

(7) to identify yeast-like fungi, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 15 kinds of assimilation tests and test mediums, which are those of 2-keto -gluconate (2KG), actidione (ACT), erythritol (ERY), mannitol (MAN), inositol (INO), N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), L-arabinose (LAR), galactose (GAL), raffinose (RAF), cellobose (CEL) , lactose (LAC), maltose (MAL), melibiose (MEL), trehalose (TRE) and esculin (ESC). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ 2KG + MAN + LAR - CEL - MEL -Coding ACT - INO - GAL - LAC + TRE + BiologicalMethod ERY - NAG + RAF + MAL + ESC - Code______________________________________4-2-1 4 5 1 3 2 451321-2-4 1 5 4 6 2 15462______________________________________

(8) To identify corynebacteria, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 9 kinds of test and test mediums, which are those of reduction of nitrate (NIT), urease (URE), esculin hydrolysis (ESC), L-maltose fermentation (MAL), sucrose fermentation (SUC), ribose fermentation (RIB) lactose fermentation (LAC), .alpha.-glucosidase (AGL) and .beta.-galactosidase (BOA). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ NIT+ MAL- LAC-Coding URE- SUC- AGL+ BiologicalMethod ESC+ RIB- BGA+ Code______________________________________4-2-1 5 4 3 5431-2-4 5 1 6 516______________________________________

(9) To identify Micrococcaceae bacteria, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 12 kinds of tests and test mediums, which are those of urease (URE), reduction of nitate (NIT), 3-hydroxy-butanone production (HYB), are dihydrolase (ADH), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), glucose fermentation (GLF), sucrose fermentation (SUC), mannitol fermentation (MAN) and trchalose fermentation. The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ URE + ADH - BGA + SUC -Coding NIT + ODC + BGU - MAN + BiologicalMethod HYB + ALP + GLF + TRE - Code______________________________________4-2-1 7 3 5 2 73521-2-4 7 6 5 2 7652______________________________________

(10) To identify streptoccaceae bacteria, the coding test items are 13 tests which are those of hemolysis (HEM) 3-hydroxy-butanone production (HYB), hippurate hydrolysis (HIP), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), .alpha.-leucine arylamidase (LAA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), ribose fermentation (RIB), raffinose fermentation (RAF), sorbitol fermentation (SOR) L-arabinose fermentation (LAR) and trehalose fermentation (TRE), the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical propeties-identifying papers are 12 sorts of test mediums, which are those of 3-hydroxy-butanone production (HYB), hippurate hydrolysis (HIP), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), .alpha.-leucine arylamidase (LAA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), ribose fermentation (RIB), raffinose fermentation (RAF) sorbitol fermentation (SOR), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR) and trehalose fermentation (TRE). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ HEM + HYB - LAA - RIB + LAR -Coding -- HIP - BGU + RAF + TRE + BiologicalMethod -- ADH + BGA - SOR + LAC + Code______________________________________4-2-1 1 1 2 7 3 112731-2-4 1 4 2 7 6 14276______________________________________

(11) To identify bacilli, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 15 kinds of tests and test mediums, which are those of are dihydrolase (ADH), urease (URE), citrate utilization (CIT) .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), starch hydrolysis (AMD), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), ribose fermentation (RIB), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), D-tagatose fermeatation (DTA), N-acetyl-glucosamine fermeatation (NAG), fructose fermentation (FRU), ,mannose fermentation (MAS), galactose fermeatation (GAL), gentiobiose fermentation (GEN) and .alpha.-methyl-D-mannoside fermeatation (MDM). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ ADH + BGA + RIB - NAG - GAL -Coding URE - AMD - SOR - FRU + GEN - BiologicalMethod CIT - LAR + DTA - MAS - MDM + Code______________________________________4-2-1 4 5 0 2 1 450211-2-4 1 5 0 2 4 15024______________________________________

(12) To identify lactobacilli, the coding test items and the mediums in the paper-holes of biochemical properties-identifying papers are 15 kinds of tests and test mediums, which are those of arbutine fermentation (ARB), ribose fermentation (RIB), N-acetyl-glucosamine fermentation (NAG), D-xylose fermentation (DXY) trehalose formentation (TRE), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), sucrose fermentation (SUC), lactose fermentation (LAC), cellobiose fermentation (CEL), melibiose fermentation (MEL), L arabinose fermeatation (LAR), rhamnose fermentation (RHA), D-tagatose fermentation (DTA), gluconate fermentation (GNT) and starch hydrolysis (AMD). The coding method is as follows.

______________________________________ ARB - DXY - SUC - MEL + DTA -Coding RIB + TRE + LAC - LAR + GTA - BiologicalMethod NAG - SOR + CEL - RHA - AMD + Code______________________________________4-2-1 2 3 0 6 1 230611-2-4 2 6 0 3 4 26034______________________________________

The aforementioned bacteria identification apparatus as a whole consists of image sampling unit, input unit, pro unit, storage unit, output unit and software system. The image sampling unit contains COD (Charger Coupled Devices) pickup camera and image sampling circuit. With the support of software, the CCD pickup camera transforms color-changing image which embodies bacteria biological properties into video signal being transfered into image sampling circuit. The image sampling circuit transforms the video signal from CCD pickup camera into digital signal to be processed by processing unit. The input unit consists of keyboard, keyboard circuit and their interface. The keyboard consists of 46 keys, which are 10 numeral keys, i. e. 0 to 9, 26 alphabet keys, i. e. A to Z, and 10 symbol keys, i. e .tangle-solidup., , , .tangle-soliddn., .rarw., .fwdarw., +, -, CR, ES, The processing unit is 80286, 80386 or 80486 microprocessor and the relevant software. The storage unit uses the non-volatile semiconductor memory to store software and data. The non-volatile semiconductor memory is any one kind of programmable read-only memory, clearable programmable read-only memory or flash memory. The output unit ansists of color display and printer. The software consist of 4 system, which are system of identifeation, statistics, study and assistance. The identification system, which uses the present coding identification method as bacteria identification method, can identify 668 identification units of pathogen, conditional pathogen or opportunistic pathogen in 12 groups, which are common in clinic It can convert the inputted parameter of antibiotic sensitivity assay of the stain to be identified into sensitivity result, store the results of bacteria identification and antibiotic sensitivity assay and print the whole report list according to the request of the operator. In the course of bacteria identification, if there are several similar identification conclusions to a certain biological code or identification coding, the identification system can provide two kinds of identification pattern, which are direct identification, which draws the identification conclusion on genus and species of bacteria according to the identification value and standard likelihood value of the sin to be identified, and complementary identification, which identifies bacteria on the premise that the Identification system provides effective test items of complementary identification to the strain to be identified until the identification conclusion on genus and species of the strain is drawn. The study system in the systems software can study the test presentation of each identificaton unit in the identification system, the bacteria expression of the test presentation, the standard to explain the sensitivity extent of bacteria to antibiotics and the use method of the common used antibiotics. The assistance system in the system software can help the operator comprehensively understand every function of the identification apparatus, their use method and requests and can provide the operator color simulated image of test items of biological preporties of the strain to be identified and their combination selected by the operator to help him judge the test result correctly. The statistics system in the systems software can analyse the bacteria identification results, the assay results of antibiotic sensitivity and the data of patients et al stored by the user with 14 items of content to be statistically analysed including total detectable rate of various bacteria, detectable rate of various bacteria from different samples, detectable rate of various bacteria from different ages, detectable rate of various bacteria from different seasons, source distribution of the detectable bacteria, age distribution of the detectable bacteria, season distribution of the detectable bacteria, total drug-resistant rate of various bacteria, drug-resistant rate of the detectable bacteria from different samples, drog-resistant rate of the detectable bacteria from different ages, drug-resistant rate of the detectable bacteria from different seasons, source distribution of the drug-resistant strains age distribution of the drug-resistant strains, season distribution of the drug-resistant strains, and can output the analysis result by printing.

The aforementioned bacteria identification coding retrieval means is provided to determine the identification conclusion of genus and species of the strain to be identified and is obtained ed through precoding using numeral method according to the probable test presentation or biological coding of known bacteria in the combination of test items of the present oding identification method. It may be printed publication of Identification coding retrieval manual, computer coding retrieval system or computer analysis system. The bacteria identification coding retrieval mean is divided into 12 identification system according to the difference of biological groups of bacteria to be identified.

(1) identification coding retrieval system of parenteral gram-negative bacilli (2) identification retrieval system of enteric gram-negative bacilli (3) identification coding retrieval system of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria (4) identification coding retrieval system of anaerobic bacteria (5) identification coding retrieval system of neisseria/hemophilus (6) identification coding retrieval system of campylobacteria (7) identification coding retrieval system of yeast-like (8) identification coding retrieval system of corynebacteria (9) identification coding retrieval system of Micrococcaceae bacteria (10) identification coding retrieval system of streptoccaceae bacteria (11) identification coding retrieval system of bacilli (12) identification coding retrieval system of lactobacilli

The coding test items and coding method of its biological code or identification code are as same as the aforementioned coding test items and coding method of identification system of bacteria in different groups. When the bacteria identification coding retrieval means is used to search the identification conclusion of genus and species of the strain to be identified, if there are several similar identification code, the bacteria identification coding retrieval system will provide effective complementary test items to further confirm the identification conclusion of tie strain to be identified

Using the present coding identification method and identification apparatus, the number of identification unit and the identification rate of 12 groups of bacteria are as follows:

(1) In the identification system of parenteral gram-negative bacilli, there are 104 identification units and the identifiable rate is 94.9775%. (2) Ii the identification system of enteric gram-negative bacilli, there are 108 identification units and the identifiable rate is 95.6386%. (3) In the identification system of Enterobaeriaceae bacteria, there are 97 identification units and the identifiable rate is 97.6804% (4) In the identification system of anaerobic bacteria, there are 80 identification units and the identifiable rate is 97.2151% (5) In the identification system of neisseria/hemophilus, there are 30 identification units and the identifiable rate is 95.632% (6) In the identification system of campylobacter, there are 18 identification units and the identifiable rate is 77.1241% (7) In the identification system of yeast-like fungi, there are 80 identification units and the identifiable rate is 95.3917% (8) In the identification system of corynebacteria, there are 33 identification units and the identifiable rate is 96.4015% (9) III the identification system of Micrococcaceae bacteria, there are 85 identification units and the identifiable rate is 96.9747% (10) In the identification system of Streptoccaceae bacteria, there are 47 identification units and the identifiable rate is 95.7446% (11) In the identification system of bacilli, there are 24 identification units and the identifiable rate is 81.8840% (12) In the identification system of lactobacilli, there are 29 identification units and the identifiable rate is 86.6995%

In the present invention, because the aforementioned combination of test items and test mediums are used in the coding identification method and biochemical properties-identifying papers, every test in the combination has identificaton value and the identificaton of every group of bacteria is efficient; because the number of test items in the combination and the sorts of test mediums in biochemical properties-identify papers are little and each test item has identification value, and there is less consumption and no waste.

Because the structure of every unit in the present identification apparatus is as a whole, it has simple structure and interface, small volume, convenient installation and adjustment, good qualities of maintenance and upkeep. The image sampling unit contains CCD pickup camera and image sampling circuit. With the support of software, the CCD pickup camera transforms color-changing image which embodies bacteria biological properties into video signal being transfered into image sampling circuit. The image sampling circuit transforms the video signal from CCD pickup camera into digital signal to be prosed by pro units. So it operates directly, quickly, sensitively, accurately and has simple structure. Because the keyboard of the input unit consists of 46 keys, which are 10 numeral keys, i.e-0 to 9, 26 alphabet keys, i.e. A to Z, and 10 symbol keys, i.e .tangle-solidup., , , .tangle-soliddn., .rarw., .fwdarw., +, -, CR, ES, the operation of input is convenient. The storage medium of software system uses the non-volatile semiconductor memory, so it has simple structure and interface, small volume, high reliability and good stability and maintenance. The output unit consist of color display and printer, so the man-machine interface is effective and the needed data can be printed selectively according to the request of user.

Because the identification system in the software system of the present apparatus consists of 12 identification sub-systems, its identification range is extensive and it can identify 668 identification units of pathogen, conditional pathogen or opportunistic pathogen in 12 groups which are comon in dinic. Because the identification system consists of two kinds of identification pattern, which are direct identification and complementary identification, in the course of bacteria identification, if there are several similar identification conclusions to a certain biological code or identification coding, it can make selection according to the need and draw the exact identification conclusion. Because there is conversion system of assay parameter of antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in the identification system, while the operator completes bacteria identification and assay of antibiotic sensitivity, he can input the assay parameter of antibiotic sensitivity into the system, which can automatically convert it into sensitivity extent and minimum inhibitory concentration range of the antibiotic to that bacterium when the system obtained the parameter. Because the identification system has functions of store and report, it can store the identification data and report the identification results according to the selection of the operator, and can provide the reader of the report the information of dinical pharmacology to help cure the bacteria in clinic when the results are reported. Because there is study system in the systems software, it can study the biological properties of every identification unit in the identification groups, the bacteria expression of test presentation, the standard to explain the assay results of antibiotic sensitivity and the use method of the common used antibiotics, and can conduct the contrast analysis of every two biological properties of every identification it. Because there is the assistance system in the systems software it can help the operator to understand, study and master every operation, function, selection and affect. Because there is statistics system in the software system, it can conduct every statistics and analysis to the stored identification data. Because color image of test results is allocated to study, assistance and identification system of the systems software, it can help the operator study or master the judgement standard and judgement method of various test results.

Because the aforementioned combination of test items is used in the present identification coding retrieval means, every test in the combination has identification value and the identification of every group of bacteria is efficient. Because the number of test items in the combination is little and every test item has identification value, there is less consumption and no waste because the, identificaton coding retrieval means consists of two kinds of identification pattern, which are direct identification and complementary identification, in the course of bacteria identification, if there ate several similar identification conclusions to a certain biological code, identifeation coding or a group of biological properties parameter, it can make selection according to the need and draw the correct identification conclusion.

The structure of the bacteria identification apparatus and the implementation examples, which are provided according to the present invention, are illustrated in detail as follows combining the additional figures of the directions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is the sketch map of the structure of the bacteria identification apparatus.

FIG. 2 is the maim mean diagram of systems software of the bacteria identification apparatus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

I. Embodiment of the bacteria identification apparatus (FIG. 1)

The bacteria identification apparatus as a whole is assembled by joining CCD pickup camera with connectors and interface of image sampling circuit of image sampling unit (1) keyboard (46 keys including 10 numeral keys, i. e. 0 to 9, 26 alphabet keys, i. e A to Z, and 10 symbol keys, i. e. .tangle-solidup., , , .tangle-soliddn., .rarw., .fwdarw., +, -, CR, ES), keyboard circuit and its interface and connectors of input unit (3), microprocessor and its interface and connectors of prosing unit (4), memory and its interface and connectors of storage unit (2), color display and its circuit, interface and connectors and printer movement and its circuit, interface and connectors of output unit (5) each other, installing into the device box with power and power control switch, and writing software system into memory of storage unit (2) (See FIG. 1). The program block diagram of the software system is shown in FIG. 2.

II. Embodiment of Bacteria Identification Coding Retrieval Means.

(1) The bacteria identification coding retrieval manual is obtained by conducting precoding process to all biological codes of every system using numeral method according to the coding test items of bacteria identification and coding method of biological code, which are narrated in the directions, and making the results of precoding process into printed matter.

(2) The bacteria identification coding computer retrieval system is obtained by conducting precoding process to all biological codes of every system using numeral method according to the coding test items of bacteria identification and coding method of biological code, which are narrated in the directions, and storing the results of precoding process into floppy discs or hard disc of the computer.

(3) The bacteria identification coding compute analysis system is obtained by programming using numeral method according to the coding test items of bacteria identification and coding method of biological code, which are narrated in the directions.

III. Embodiment of Bacteria Biochemical Properties-Identifying Papers.

The a biochemical properties-identifying papers are made by preparing various test mediums in bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers, adding them respectively into the holes of PVC material paper, which is shaped by injection using injection moulding machinary, and dried. The number of holes of PVC material paper in each kind of bacteria biochemical properties-identifying paper is as much as that of medium in the relevant bacteria biochemical properties-identifying paper, which is narrated in the directions. The sorts of medium are also as same as the narration in the directions.

IV. Embodiment of Bacteria Coding Identification Method

1. Embodiment of coding identification of parenteral gram-negative bacilli ##STR1## Coding identification test items:

______________________________________1. 2KG 2-keto-Gluconate assimilation 2-keto-gluconate assimilation test2. 3HB 3-Hydroxy-Benzoate assimilation 3-hydroxy-benzoate assimilation test3. OBU 3-Hydroxy-Butyrate assimilation 3-hydroxy-butyrate assimilation test4. CIT CITrate assimilation citrate assimilation test5. LPR L-PRoline assimilation l-proline assimilation test6. HIS HIStidine assimilation histidine assimilation test7. NAG N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine assimilation N-acetyl-d-glucosamine assimilation test8. GLY GLYcogen assimilation glycogen assimilation test9. MAL MALtose assimilation maltose assimilation test10. SUC SUCrose assimilation SUCrose assimilation test11. MEL d-MELibiose assimilation D-melibiose assimilation test12. FUC l-FUCose assimilation L-fucose assimilation test13. GLU d-GLUcose assimilation D-glucose assimilation test14. INO INOsitol assimilation Dinositol assimilation test15. MAN MANnitol assimilation mannital assimilation test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________16. RHA RHAmnose assimilation rhamnose assimilation test17. RIB d-RIBose assimilation D-ribose assimilation test18. ITA ITAconate assimilation itaconate assimilation test19. SUB SUBerate assimilation suberate assimilation test20. MNT MaloNaTe assimilation malonate assimilation test21. ACE ACEtate assimilation acetate assimilation test22. LAT dl-LAcTate assimilation DL-lactate assimilation test23. LAL L-ALanine assimilation L-alanine assimilation test24. SAL SALicin assimilation salicin assimilation test25. SOR d-SORbitol assimilation D-sorbitol assimilation test26. LAR L-ARabinose assimilation L-arabinose assimilation test27. PRO PROpionate assimilation propionate assimilation test28. CAP CAPrate assimilation caprate assimilation test29. VAL VALeraTe assimilation valerate assimilation test30. 5KG 5-keto-Gluconate assimilation 5-keto-gluconate assimilation test31. 4HB 4-Hydroxy-Benzoate assimilation 4-hydroxy-benzoate assimilation test32. LSE L-SErine assimilation L-serine assimilation test______________________________________

2. Embodiment of enteric gram-negative bacilli-coding identification method; ##STR2## Coding identification test items:

______________________________________1* OXI OXIdase oxidase test2* MCK growth in MCK agar growth in MCK agar test3* MOT MOTility motility test4* LDC Lysine DeCarboxylase lysine decarboxylase test5. ODC Ornithint Decarboxylase ornithint decarboxylase test6. ADH Arginine DiHydrolase arginine dihydrolase test7. IND INDole production indole production test8. URE UREase urease test9. CIT CITrate utilization citrate utilization test10. GLO GLucose Oxidation glucose oxidation test11. MAN MANnitol fermentation mannitol fermentation test12. SUC SUCrose fermentation sucrose fermentation test13. RHA RHAmnose fermentation rhamnose fermentation test14. AMY AMYgdalin fermentation amygdalin fermentation test15. SOR SORbitol fermentation sorbitol fermentation test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________16. BGA Beta-GAlactosidase .beta.-galactosidase test17. NIT reduction of NITrate reduction of nitrate test18. HIS Hydrogen Sulfide production hydrogen sulfide production test19. TDA Tryptophane DesAminase tryptophane desaminase test20. HYB 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone production 3-hydroxy-2-butanone production test21. GEL GELatinase gelatinase test22. GLU GLUcose Fermentation glucose fermentation test23. INO INOsitol fermentation inositol fermentation test24. MEL MELibiose fermentation melibiose fermentation test25. ARA ARAbinose fermentation arabinose fermentation test26. NIG NItrogen Gas production nitrogen production test27 GLF Glucose Fermentation glucose fermentation test______________________________________

3. Embodiment of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria-coding identification method

Coding test items of Interobacteriaceae bacteria ##STR3## Coding identification test items: ______________________________________1. LDC Lysine DeCarboxylase lysine decarboxylase test2. ODC Ornitine Decarboxylase ornitine decarboxylase test3. MAU MAlonate Utilization malonate utilization test4. URE UREase urase test5. CEL CELlobiose fermentation cellobiose fermentation test6. SOR D-SORbitol fermentation D-sorbitol fermentation test7. LAR L-ARabinose fermentation L-arabinose fermentation test8. ADO ADOnitol fermentation adonitol fermentation test9. SUC SUCrose fermentation sucrose fermentation test10. DUL DUlcitol fermentation dulcitol fermentation test11. AMG Alpha-Methyl-D-Glucoside fermentation .alpha.-methyl-D-glucoside fermentation test12. MAN D-MANnitol fermentation D-mannitol fermentation test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________13. IND INDole production indole production test14. MER MERhyl red merhyl red production test15. HYB 3-Hydroxy-2-Butanone production 3-hydroxy-2-butanone production test16. CIT CITrate (Simons) citrate utilization test17. HYS Hydrogen Sulfide (TSI) hydrogen sulfide production test18. PHE PHEnylalanine deaminase phenylalanine deaminase test19. ADH Arginine DiHydrolase arginine dihydrolase test20. MOT MOTility motility test21. GEL GELatin hydrolysis gelatin hydrolysis test22. KCN growth in KCN growth in KCN test23. GLU D-GLUcose, acid D-glucose fermentation test with acid production24. GLG D-GLucose, Gas D-glucose fermentation test with gas production25. LAC LACtose fermentation lactose fermentation test26. SAL SALicin fermentation salicin fermentation test27. INO myo-INOsitol fermentation myo-inositol fermentation test28. RAF L-RAFfinose fermentation L-raffinose fermentation test29. RHA L-RHAmnose fermentation L-rhamnose fermentation test30. MAL MALtose fermentation maltose fermentation test31. DXY D-xylose fermentation D-xylose fermentation test32. TRE TREhalose fermentation trehalose fermentation test33. ERY ERYthitol fermentation erythitol fermentation test34. ESC ESCulin hydrolysis esculin hydrolysis test35. MEL MELibiose fermentation melibiose fermentation test36. ART D-ARabitol fermentation D-arabitol fermentation test37. GLY GLYcerol fermentation glycerol fermentation test38. MUC MUCate fermentation mucate fermentation test39. TRA TRAtrate, Jordon's tartrate utilization test40. ACE ACEtate utilization acetate utilization test41. LIP LIPase (corn oil) Lipase (corn oil) test42. DNA DNAse DNase test43. NIT reduction of NITrate reduction of nitrate test44. OXI OXIdase, kovuc's exidase test45. BGA Beta-GAlacotosidase .beta.-galacotosidase test46. YEL YELlow pigment yellow pigment production test47. MAS D-MAnnoSe fermentation D-Mannose fermentation test______________________________________

4. Embodiment of anaerobic bacteria-coding identification method:

Coding test items of anaerobic bacteria ##STR4## Coding identification test items; ______________________________________1 GRS GRam Stain gram stain test2 SPO SPOrulation sporulation test3. AGL Alpha-GLUcosidase .alpha.-glucosidase test4. AGA Alpha-GAlactosidase .alpha.-galactosidase test5 AAR Alpha-ARabinosidase .alpha.-arabinasidase test6. BGL Beta-Glucosidase .beta.-glucosidase test7. BGA Beta-GAlactosidase .beta.-galactosidase test8. BGU Beta-GlucUronidase .beta.-glucuronidase test9. LAA Leucine ArylAmidase leucine aryamidase test10. PRA PRoline Arylamidase proline arylamidase test11. ALP ALKaline Phosphatase alkaline phosphatase test12. IND INDole production indole production test13. MAS MAnnose fermentation mannose fermentation test14. NAG N-Acetyl-.beta.-d-Glucosaminidase N-acetyl-.beta.-D-Glucosaminidase test15. URE UREase urase test16. ADH Arginine DiHydrolase arginine dihydrolase test17. BGP Beta-Galactosidase-6-phosphate .beta.-galactosidose-6-phosphate test18. RAF RAFfinose fermentation raffinose fermentation test19. NIT reduction of NITrate reduction of nitrate test20. AAA Argininc ArylAmidase arginine arylamidase test21. LGA Leucyl Glycine Arylamidase leucyl glycine arylamidase test22. PAA Phenylalanine Arylamidase phyenylalanine aryamidase test23. PYA Pyroglutamic ac. Arylamidase pyroglutamic acid arylamidase test24. TAA Tyrosine Arylamidase tyrosine anglamidase test25. ALA Alanine Arylamidase alanine arylamidase test26. GAA Glycine ArylAmidase glycine arylamidase test27. GAD Glutamic Ac. Decarboxylase glutamic acid decarboxy lase test28. AFU Alpha-FUcosidase .alpha.-fucosidase test29. HAA Histidine ArylAmidase histidine arylamidase test30. GGA GLutamyl GLutamic ac. Arylmidase glutamyl glutamic acid arylmidase test31. SAA Serine ArylAmidase serine arylamidase test32. MOR MORphology morphology test______________________________________

5. Embodiment of neisseria/hemophilus-coding identification method:

Coding test items of neisserial hemophilus ##STR5## Coding test items ______________________________________1* CAT CATalase catalase test2. MTM Martin-Thayer Medium growth in Martin-Thayer medium test3. GLU GLUcose glucose fermentation test4. MLT MaLTose fermentation maltose fermentation test5. BGL Beta-GLucosidase .beta.-glucosidase test6. OPS PhenylphoSphonate phenylphosphonate test7. GLY GLYcine-p-nitroanilide glycine-p-nitroanilide test8. GGT Gamma-GLutarmyl-p-niTroanilide .gamma.-glutarmyl-p-nitroamilide test9. PRO PROline-p-nitroaniclide proline-p-nitroanilide test10. RES RESazurin resazurin test______________________________________ Complimentary test items ______________________________________11. ALA ALanine-penitroanilide alanine-penitroanilide test12. LYS LYSine-p-nitroanilide lysine-p-nitroanilide test13. PNC P-Nitrophenyl-phosphonyl-cholinr p-nitrophenyl-phosphonyl-cholinr test14. SUC SUCrose fermentation sucrose fermentation test15. TTZ TriphenylTetraZolium triphenyltetrazolium test16. ORN ORNithine decarboxylase ornithine decarboxylase test17. URE UREase urase test18. PEN PENicillin G Sensibility penicillin g sensibility test______________________________________

6. Embodiment of campylobacter-coding identification method

Test items of campybacter ##STR6## Coding test items: ______________________________________1. CAT CATalase catalase test2. NIT reduction of NITrate reduction of nitrate test3. URE UREase urease test4. SUT SUccinaTe assimilation succinate assimilation test5. ACE ACEtate assimilation acetate assimilation test6. HIP HIPpurate hydrolysis hippurate hydrolysis test7. HYS HYdrogen Sulfide production hydrogen sulfide production test8. GGT Gama-GLutamyl Transferase .gamma.-glutamyl transferase test9. ALP ALPaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________10. EST ESTerase esterase test11. TTC reduction chlorure Triphenyl Transferase reduction chlorure triphenyl transferase test12. PYR PYRrolidonyl arylamidase pyrrolidonyl arylamidase test13. ARY L-ARYinine arylamidase L-aryinine arylamidase test14. ASP L-ASPartate arylamidase L-aspartate arylamidase test15. GLU GLUcose assimilation glucose assimilation test16. NAL NALidixigue sensibility nalidixique sensibility test17. CFZ CeFazoline sensibility cefazoline sensibility test18. PRO PROpinate assimilation propinate assimilation test19. MLT MaLaTe assimilation malate assimilation test20. CIT CITrate assimilation citrate assimilation test21. ERS ERythomycine Sensibility erythomycine sensibility test______________________________________

7. Embodiment of yeast-like fungi-coding identification method:

Coding test items of yeast-like fungi ##STR7## Coding test items: ______________________________________1. 2KG 2-keto-Gluconate assimilation 2-keto-gluconate assimilation test2. ACT ACTidone assimilation actidone assimilation test3. ERY ERYthritol assimilation erythritol assimilation test4. MAN MANnitol assimilation mannitol assimilation test5. INO INOsitol assimilation inositol assimilation test6. NAG N-Acetnyl-d-Glucosamine assimilation N-acetnyl-D-glucosamine assimilation test7. LAR L-ARabinose assimilation L-arabinese assimilation test8. GAL GALactose assimilation galactose assimilation test9. RAF RAFfinose assimilation roffinose assimilation test10. CEL CELlobose assimilation cellobose assimilation test11. LAC LACtose assimilation lactose assimilation test12. MAL MALtose assimilation maltose assimilation test13. MEL MELibiose assimilation melibiose assimilation test14. TRE TREhalose assimilation trehalose assimilation test15. ESC ESCulin assimilation esculin assimilation test______________________________________ Complementary test items ______________________________________16. SUC SUCrose assimilation sucrose assimilation test17. LST DL-LAcTate assimilation DL-lactate assimilation test18. MDG .alpha.-Methyl-D-Glucoside assimilation .alpha.-methyl-D-glucoside assimilation test19. SOR SORbitol assimilation sorbitol assimilation test20. DXY D-xylose assimilation D-xylose assimilation test21. RIB RIBose assimilation ribose assimilation test22. GLY GLYcerl assimilation glycerl assimilation test23. RHA RHAmnose assimilation rhamnose assimilation test24. PLF PaLatinosE assimilation palatinose assimilation test25. MLZ MeLeZitose assimilation melezitose assimilation test26. GRT GLucuRonaTe assimilation glucuronate assimilation test27. GNT GlucoNaTe assimilation gluconate assimilation test28. LVT LeVullinaTe assimilation levullinate assimilation test29. GLU GLUcose assimilation glucose assimilation test30. SBE SorBosE assimilation sorbose assimilation test31. GLN GLucosamiNe assimilation glucosamine assimilation test______________________________________

8. Embodiment of congnebacteria-coding identification method

Coding test items of corynebacteria ##STR8## Coding test items ______________________________________1. NIT reduction of NITrate reduction of intrate test2. URE UREase urease test3. ESC ESCulin esculin test4. MAL l-MALtose fermentation L-maltose fermentation test5. SUC SUCrose fermentation sucrose fermentation test6. RIB RIBose fermentation ribose fermentation test7. LAC LACtose fermentation lactose fermentation test8. AGL Alpha-GLucosidase .alpha.-glucosidase test9. BGA Beta-GAlactosidase .beta.-galactosidase test10. PYZ PYraZinamidase pyrazinamidase test11. PYR PYRrolidonyl arylamidse pyrrolidonyl arylamidse test12. ALP ALkaline phosphate alkaline phosphate test13. BGU Beta-GlucUronidase .beta.-glucuronidase test14. NAG N-Acetyl-.beta.-Glucosamindase N-acetyl-.beta.-D-glucosamindase test15. GEL GELatine hydrolysis gelatine hydrolysis test16. GLF GLucose Fermentation glucose fermentation test17. XYL XYLose fermentation xylose fermentation test18. MAN MANitol fermentation manitol fermentation test19. GLY GLYcogen fermentation glycogen fermentation test20. CAT CATalase catalase Test______________________________________

9. Embodiment of Micrococcaceae bacteria-coding identification method

Coding test items of micrococcaceae bacteria ##STR9## Coding test items: ______________________________________1. URE UREase urease test2. NIT reduction of NITrate reduction of nitrate test3. V--P acetion production acetion production test4. ADH Arginine DiHydrolase arginine dihydrolase test5. ODC Ornithine DeCarboxylase ornithine decarboxylase test6. ALP ALkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase test7. BGA Beta-GAlactosidase .beta.-galactosidase test8. BGU Beta-GlucUronidase .beta.-glucuronidase test9. GLF GLucose Fermentation glucose fermentation test10. SUC SUCrose fermentation sucrose fermentation test11. MAN MANnitol fermentation mannitol fermentation test12. TRE TREhalose fermentation trehalose fermentation test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________13. ESC ESCulin hydrolysis esculine hydrolysis test14. FRU FRUctose fermentation fructose fermentation test15. MAS MAnnoSe fermentation mannose fermentation test16. MAL MALtose fermentation maltose fermentation test17. LAC LACtose fermentation lactose fermentation test18. RAF RAFfinose fermentation raffinose fermentation test19. ARG ARGinine argiamidase arginine argiamidase test20. PYR PYRrolidonyl arylamidase pyrrolidonyl arylamidase test21. NOV NOVobocin (Resistance) novobiocin test22. NAG N-Acetyl-GLUcosamine Fermentation N-acetyl-glucosamine fermentation test23. TUR TURranose fermentation turanose fermentation test24. ARA ARAbinose fermentation arobinose fermentation test25. RIB RIBose fermentation ribose fermentation test26. CEL CELlubiose fermentation cellubiose fermentation test______________________________________

10. Embodiment of Streptoccaceae bacteria-coding identification method:

Coding test items of Streptoccaceae bacteria ##STR10## Coding test items: ______________________________________1* HEM HEMolysis hemolysis test2. V--P aceton production aceton production test3. HIP HIPpurate hydrolysis hippurate hydrolysis test4. ADH Arginine DiHydrolase arginine dihydrolase test5. LAA .alpha.-Leucine ArylAmidase .alpha.-leucine arylamidase test6. BGU Beta-GLucUronidase .beta.-glucuronidase test7. BGA Beta-GAlactosidase .beta.-galactosidase test8. RIB RIBose fermentation ribose fermentation test9. RAF RAFfinose fermentation raffinose fermentation test10. SOR SORbitol fermentation sorbitol fermentation test11. LAR L-ARabinose fermentation L-arabinose fermentation test12. TRE TREhalose fermentation trehalose fermentation test13. LAC LACtose fermentation lactose fermentation test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________14. ESC ESCulin hydrolysis esculin hydrolysis test15. PYR Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase pyrrolidonyl arylamidase test16. AGA Alpha-GAlactosidase .alpha.-GAlactosidase test17. ALP ALkalische phosphatase alkalische phosphatase test18. MAN MANnitol fermentation mannitol fermentation test19. INU INUlin fermentation inulin fermentation test20. AMD Starch starch hydrolysis test21. GLY GLYcogen fermentation glycogen fermentation test______________________________________

11. Embodiment of bacilli-coding identification method:

Coding test items of bacilli ##STR11## Coding test items: ______________________________________1. ADH Arginine DIHydrolase arginine dihydrolase test2. URE Urase urase test3. CIT CITrate utilization citrate utilization test4. ONP Ortho-Nitro-phenyl-Galactoside ortho-nitro-phenyl-galactoside test5. AMD Starch starch hydrolysis test6. LAR L-ARabircose fermentation L-arabircose fermentation test7. RIB RIBose fermentation ribose fermentation test8. SOR SORbitol fermentation sorbitol fermentation test9. DTA D-TAgatose fermentation D-tagatose fermentation test10. NAG N-Acetyl-Glucoseamine fermentation N-acetyl-glucoseamine fermentation test11. FRU FRUctose fermentation fructose fermentation test12. MAS MAnnoSe fermentation mannose fermentation test13. GAL GALactose fermentation galactose fermentation test14. GEN GENtiobiose fermentation gentiobiose fermentation test15. MDM .alpha.-Methyl-D-Mannoside fermentation .alpha.-methyl-D-mannoside fermentation test______________________________________ Complementary test items: ______________________________________16. GLY GLYcerol fermentation glycerol fermentation test17. ERY ERYthritol fermentation erythritol fermentation test18. DAR D-ARabinose fermentation D-arabinose fermentation test19. DXY D-XYlose fermentation D-xylose fermentation test20. LXY L-XYlose fermentation L-xylose fermentation test21. ADO ADOnitol fermentation adonitol fermentation test22. MDX .beta.-Methyl-D-Xyloside fermentation .beta.-methyl-D-xyloside fermentation test23. GLF GLucose Fermentation glucose fermentation test24. SOS SOrboSe fermentation sorbose fermentation test25. RHA RHAmnose fermentation rhamnose fermentation test26. DUL DUlcitol fermentation dulcitol fermentation test27. INO INOsitol fermentation inositol fermentation test28. MAN MANnitol fermentation mannitol fermentation test29. MDM Methyl-D-Mannoside fermentation .alpha.-methyl-D-mannoside fermentation test30. MDG .alpha.-Methyl-D-Glucoside fermentation .alpha.-methyl-D-glucoside fermentation test31. AMY AMYgdaline fermentation amygdaline fermentation test32. ARB ARButine fermentation arbutine fermentation test33. ESC ESCuline esculine hydrolysis test34. SAL SAlicine fermentation solicine fermentation test35. TCEL CELlubiose fermentation cellubiose fermentation test36. MAL MALtose fermentation maltose fermentation test37. LAC LACtose fermentation lactose fermentation test38. MEL MELibiose fermentation melibiose fermentation test39. SAC SACvharose fermentation sacvharose fermentation test40. TRE TREhalone fermentation trehalone fermentation test41. INU INUilne fermentation inuline fermentation test42. MLZ MeLeZitose fermentation melezitose fermentation test43. RAF RAFfinose fermentation raffinose fermentation test44. GLG GLycoGen fermentation glycogen fermentation test45. XLT XyLiTol fermentation xylitol fermentation test46. DLY D-LYxose fermentation D-lyxose fermentation test47. DFU D-FUcose fermentation D-fucose fermentation test48. LFU L-FUcose fermentation L-fucose fermentation test49. DAR D-ARabiol fermentation D-arabitol fermentation test50. LAR L-ARabiol fermentation L-arabitol fermentation test51. GNT GlucoNaTe guconate test52. 2KG 2-keto-Gluconate 2-keto-gluconate test53. 5KG 5-keto-Gluconate 5-keto-gluconate test54. LDC Lysine DeCarboxylase lysine decarboxylase test55. ODC Ornithine DeCarboxylase ornithine decarboxylase test56. HYS Hydrogen sulfide production hydrogen sulfide production test57. TDA Tyrptophane DesAminase tyrptophane desaminase test58. IND INDole production indole production test59. V--P acetion production acetion production test60. GEL GELatinase gelatinase test61. NIT reduction of NITrates reduction of nitrates test______________________________________

12. Embodiment of lactobacilli-coding identification method:

Coding test items of lactobacilli ##STR12## Coding test items: ______________________________________1. ARB ARButine fermentation arbutine fermentation test2. RIB RIBose fermentation ribose fermentation test3. NAG N-Acetyl-Glucosamine fermentation N-acetyl-glucosamine fermentation test4. DXY D-XYlose fermentation D-xylose fermentation test5. TRE TREhalose fermentation trehalose fermentation test6. SOR SORbitol fermentation sorbitol fermentation test7. SUC SUCrose fermentation sucrose fermentation test8. LAC LACtose fermentation lactose fermentation test9. CEL CELlobiose fermentation cellobiose fermentation test10. MBL MELibiese fermentation melibose fermentation test11. LAR L-ARAbinose fermentation L-arabinose fermentation test12. RHA RHAmnose fermentation rhamnose fermentation test13. DTA D-TAgatose fermentation D-tagatose fermentation test14. GNT GlucoNaTe fermentation gluconate fermentation test15. AMD starch fermentation starch fermentation test______________________________________ Complementary test item: ______________________________________16. GLY GLYcerol fermentation glycerol fermentation test17. ERY ERYthritol fermentation erythritol fermentation test18. ARA D-ARAbinose fermentation D-arabinose fermentation test19. XYL L-XYLose fermentation L-xylose fermentation test20. ADO ADOnitol fermentation adonitol fermentation test21. MDX .beta.-Methyl-D-Xyloside fermentation .beta.-methyl-D-xyloside fermentation test22. GAL GALactose fermentation galactose fermentation test23. GLU GLUcose fermentation glucose fermentation test24. FRU FRUctose fermentation fructose fermentation test25. MNE MaNnosE fermentation mannose fermentation test26. SOS SorboSe fermentation sorbose fermentation test27. DUL DULcitol fermentation dulcitol fermentation test28. INO INOnitol fermentation inonitol fermentation test29. MAN MANnitol fermentation mannitol fermentation test30. MDM .alpha.-Methyl-D-Mannoside fermentation .alpha.-methyl-D-mannoside fermentation test31. MDG .alpha.-Methyl-D-GLUcoside fermentation .alpha.-methyl-D-glucoside fermentation test32. AMY AMYgdaline fermentation amygdaline fermentation test33. ESC ESCuline esculine hydrolysis test34. SAL SALicin fermentation salicin fermentation test35. MAL MALtose fermentation maltose fermentation test36. INU INUline fermentation inuline fermentation test37. MLZ MeLeZitose fermentation melezitose fermentation test38. RAF RAFfinose fermentation raffinose fermentation test39. GLG GLycoGene fermentation glycogene fermentation test40. XLT XyLiTol fermentation xylitol fermentation test41. GEN GENtiobiose fermentation gentiobiose fermentation test42. TUR D-TURanose fermentation D-turanose fermentation test43. LYX D-LYXose fermentation D-lyxose fermentation test44. DFU D-FUcose fermentation D-fucose fermentation test45. LFU L-FUcose fermentation L-fucose fermentation test46. DAR DARabitol fermentation D-arabitol fermentation test47. LAR L-ARabitol fermentation L-arabitol fermentation test48. 2KG 2-keto-GLuconate 2-keto-gluconate test49. 5KG 5-keto-GLuconate 5-keto-gluconate test______________________________________

Claims

1. A bacteria identification method which uses coding test items and biochemical property, identifying papers that detect biological properties of bacterial strains characterized in that the coding test items in the bacteria-coding identification system are one of the following 12 kinds of combination;

(1) the coding test items of identifying parenteral gram-negative bacilli are 15 tests of 2-keto-gluconate (2 KG), 3-hydroxy-benzoate (3 HB), 3-hydroxy-butyrate (OBU), citrate (CIT), L-proline (LPR), histosc (HIS), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), glycogen (GLY), maltose (MAL), sucrose (SUC), D-melibiose (MEL), L-fucose (FUC), D-glucose (GLU), inositol (INO), and manitol (MAN);

(2) the coding test items of identifying enteric gram-negative bacilli are 15 tests of oxidase (OXI), growth in MCK agar (MCK), motility (MOT), lysine decarboxylase (LDC), ornithint decarboxylase (ODC), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), indole production (IND), urease (URE), citrate utilization (CIT), glucose oxidation (GLO), mannitol fermentation (MAN), sucrose fermentation (SUC), rhamnose fermentation (RHA), amygdalin fermentation (AMY), and sorbitol fermentation (SOR);

(3) the coding test items of identifying Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are 12 tests of lysine decarboxylase (LDC), ornitine decarboxylase (ODC), malonate utilization (MAU), urease (URE), cellobiose fermentation (CEL), D-sorbitol fermentation (SOR), L-arabinose fermentation (LAE), adoonitol fermentation (ADO), surcose fermentation (SUC), dulcitol fermentation (DUL), .alpha.-methyl-D-glucose fermentation (AMG) and D-mannitol fermentation (MAN);

(4) the coding test items of identifying anerobic bacteria are 14 tests of gram stain (GRS), sporulation (SPO), .alpha.-arabirosidase (AAR), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), laucine arylamidaes (LAA), proline arylamidase (PRA), alakaline phosphatase (ALP), indole production (IND), mannose fermentation (MAS), and .beta.-N-acetyl-glycosaminidase (NAG);

(5) the coding test items of identifying neisserial hemophilus are 9 tests of catalose (CAT), growth in Martin-Thayer medium (MTM), lucose fermentation (GLU), maltose fermentation (MLT), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), phenylphosphonate (OPS), glycine anglamidase (GLY), .gamma.-glutamyl arylamidase (GGT), proline arylamidase (PRO) and reduction of resazurin (RES);

(6) the coding test items of identifying compylbacter are 9 tests of catalase (CAT), reduction of nitrate (NIT), urease (URE), succinate assimilation (SUT), acetate assimilation (ACE), hippurate hydrolysis (HIP), hydrogen sulfide production (HYS), .gamma.-glycotamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatose (ALP);

(7) the coding test items of identifying yeast-like fungi are 15 tests of 2-keto-gluconate (2 KG), actidine (ACT), erythritol (ERY), mannitol (MAN), inositol (INO), N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), L-arabinose (LAR), galatose (GAL), raffinose (RAF), cellobose (CEL), lactose (LAC), maltose (MAL), melibiose (MEL), trehalsoe (TRE) and esculin (ESC);

(8) the coding test items of identifying corynebacteria are 9 tests of reduction of nitrate (NIT), urease (URE), esculin hydrolysis (ESC), L-maltose fermentation (MAL), sucrose fermentation (SUC), ribose fermentation (RIB), lactose fermentation (LAC), .alpha.-glucosidase (AGL) and .beta.-galactosidase (BGA);

(9) the coding test items of identifying micrococcaceae bacteria are 12 tests of urease (URE), reduction of nitrte (NIT), 3-hydroxyl-butanone production (HYB), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), glucose fermentation (GLF), sucrose fermentation (SUC), mannitol fermentation (MAN) and trehalose fermentation;

(10) the coding test items of identifying Streptoccaceae bacteria are 13 tests of hemdysis (HEM), 3-hydroxy-butanone production (HYB), hippurate hydrolysis (HIP), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), L-leucine arylamidase (LAA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), ribose fermentation (RIB), raffinose fermentation (RAF), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR) and trehalose fermentation (TRE);

(11) the coding test items of identifying bacilli are: 15 tests of arginine dihydrolase (ADH), urease (URE), citrate utilization (CIT), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), starch dyrolysis (AMD), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), ribose fermentation (RIB), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), D-tagatose fermentation (DTA), N-acetyl-glucosamine fermentation (NAG), fructose fermentation (FRU), mannose fermentation (MAS), galactose fermentation (GAL), gentiobiose fermentation (GEN) and .alpha.-methyl-D-mannoside fermentation (MDM);

(12) the coding test items of identifying lactobacilli are 15 tests of arbutine fermentation (ARB), ribose fermentation (RIB), N-acetyl-glucosamine fermentation (NAG), D-xylose fermentation (DXY), trehalose fermentation (TRE), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), sucrose fermentation (SUC), lactose fermentation, (LAC), celloblose fermentation (CEL), melibiose fermentation (MEL), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), rhamnose fermentation (RHA), D-tagatose fermentation (DTA), gluconate fermentation (GNT) and strach hydrolysis (AMD) and that the

kind of bacteria biochemical properties-identifying papers that detect biological properties of bacteria according to the bacteria identification method are characterized in that the bacteria biochemical test mediums added in the paper-holes are one of the following 12 groups;

(1) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of parenteral gram-negative bacilli are assimilation test mediums of 2-keto-gluconate (2 KG), 3-hydroxy-benzoate (3 HB), 3-hydroxy-butyrate (OBU), citrate (CIT), L-proline (LPR), histose (HIS), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), glycogen (GLY), maltose (MAL), sucrose (SUC), D-melibiose (MEL), L-fucose (FUC), D-glucose (GLU), inositol (INO) and manitol (MAN);

(2) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of enteric gram-negative bacilli are test mediums of lysine decarboxylas (LDC), ornithint decarboxylase (ODC), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), indole production (IND), urease (URE), citrate utilization (CIT), glucose oxidation (GLO), mannitol fermentation (MAN), sucrose fermentation (SUC), rhammose fermentation (RHA), amygdelin fermentation (AMY) and sorbitol fermentation (SOR);

(3) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are test mediums of lysine decarboxylase (LDC), ornitine decarboxylase (ODC), malonate utilization (MAU), urease (URE), cellobiose fermentation (CEL), D-sorbitol fermentation (SOR), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), adonitol fermentation (ADO), sucrose fermentation (SUC), dulcitol fermentation (DUL), .alpha.-methyl-D-glucoside fermentation (ANG) and D-mannitol fermentation (MAN);

(4) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of anaenobic bacteria are test mediums of .alpha.-glucosidase (AGL,), .alpha.-galactosidase (AGA), .alpha.-arabinosidase (AAR), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), leucine anglamidase (LAA), proline arylamidase (PRA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), indole production (IND), mannose fermentation (MAS) and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG);

(5) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of neisserial hemophilus are test mediums of growth in Martin-Thayer medium (MTM), glucose fermentation (GLU), maltose fermentation (MLT), .beta.-glucosidase (BGL), phenylphosphonate (OPS), glycine arylamidase (GLY) .UPSILON.-glutamyl arylamidase (GGT), proline arylamidase (PRO), and reduction of resazurin (RES);

(6) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of camylobacter are test mediums of catalase (CAT), reduction of intrate (NIT), urease (URE), succinate assimilation (SUT), acetate assimulation (ACE) hippurate hydrolysis (HIP), hydrogen sulfide production (HYS), .UPSILON.-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP);

(7) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of yeast-like fungi are assimilation test mediums of 2-keto-gluconate (2 KG), actidione (Act), erythritol (ERY), mannitol (MAN), inositol (INO), N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), L-arabinose (LAR), galactose (GAL), raffinose (RAF), cellobose (CEL), lactose (LAC), maltose (MAL), malibiose (MEL), trehalose (TRE) and esculin (ESC);

(8) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of corynebacteria are the mediums of redact of intrate (MI), urease (URE), esculin hydrolysis (ESC), L-maltose fermentation (MAL), sucrose fermentation (SUC), riborse fermentation (RIB), lactose fermentation (LAC), .alpha.-glucosidase (AGL), and .beta.-galactosidase (BGA);

(9) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of micrococcaceae aceria are test medium of urease (URE), reduction of nitrate (NIT), 3-hydroxyl-butanone production (HYB), arginine dihyrolase (ADH), ornithinic decarboxylase (ODC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), .beta.-glucuronidase (BGU), glucose fermentation (GLF), sucrose fermentation (SUC), mannitol fermentation (MAN) and trehalose fermentation (TRE);

(10) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of Streptoccaceae bacteria are test mediums of 3-hydroxy-butanone production (HYB), hippurate hydrolysis (HIP), arginine dihydrolase (ADH), .alpha.-leucine arylamidase (LAA), b-glucuronidase (BGU), .beta.-galactosidase (BGA), ribose fermentation (RIB), raffinose fermentation (RAF), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR) and trehalose fermentation (TRE);

(11) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of bacilli are test mediums of arginine dihydrolase (ADH), urease (URE), citrate utilization (CIT), .beta.-glucosidase, (BGL), starch hydrolysis (AMD), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), ribose fermentation (RIB), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), D-tagatose fermentation (DTA), N-acetyl-glucosamine fermentation (NAG), fructose fermentation (FRU), mannose fermentation (MAS), galactose fermentation (GAL), gentiobiose fermentation (GEN) and .alpha.-methyl-D-mannoside fermentation (MDM); and

(12) the biochemical properties-identifying papers of lactobacilli are test mediums of arbutine fermentation (ARB), ribose fermentation (RIB), N-acetyl-glucosaine fermentation (NAG), d-xylose fermentation (DXY), trehalose fermentation (TRE), sorbitol fermentation (SOR), sucrose fermentation (SUC), lactose fermentation (LAC), cellobiose fermentation (CEL), melibiose fermentation (MEL), L-arabinose fermentation (LAR), rhamnose fermentation (RHA), D-tagotose fermentation (DTA), gluconate fermentation (GNT) and starch hydrolysis (AMD), said method comprising the steps of:

(a.) selecting the coding test items for bacteria identification according to known bacteria biological properties;

(b.) preparting bacteria biochemical property, identifying papers based upon the selected coding test items;

(c.) using the bacteria biochemical, identifying papers to detect the biochemical properties of the bacterial strain to be identified.

2. A bacteria identification apparatus using the bacteria identification method defined in claim 1 comprising:

image sampling unit, input unit, processing unit, storage unit, output unit and software system,

characterized in that the storage unit use the non-volatile semi-conductor memory to store software and data.

3. An bacteria identification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said non-volatile semiconductor memory is any one of programmable read-only memory, erasable-programmable read-only memory or flash memory.

4. An bacteria identification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said output unit is color CRT or liquid crystal display, which can display biological properties of bacteria in the form of sketch image with the support of software.

5. An bacteria identification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said image sampling unit has CCD camera and image sampling means; with the support of software, said CCD camera transfer color-changing image which embodies bacteria biological properties into video signal being transfered into image sampling means; said image sampling means transfers the video signal from CCD camera into digital signal to be processed by processing unit.

6. An bacteria identification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said image sampling unit, input unit, processing unit, storage unit and output unit assembled together as a whole.