Patent Grant
11395941
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese patent application No. 2019-047887, filed on Mar. 15, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a balance training system and a control method for balance training system.
A training apparatus for a patient with a disability in his/her leg to perform rehabilitation training is becoming widespread. For example, a training apparatus that moves a footboard with driving means in order to make a training person who performs training stand on the footboard and observe a center of gravity position, and to encourage the training person to take a step or prevent the training person from falling is known (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2015-100477).
In a configuration in which a footboard moves by a small amount relative to the training apparatus, the training person basically maintains a state in which he/she stands upright with respect to a floor surface, which makes it difficult to maintain the training person's motivation due to poor changes in environment during training. When game characteristics are given to a training attempt, the greater the bodily sensation achieved in association with a game, the greater the training person is motivated to take part in the training attempt. It has been found that a configuration in which a moving carriage is provided in a balance training apparatus and the entire balance training apparatus moves while a training person is on board is effective for rehabilitation training.
However, it may sometimes be difficult for the training person to maintain a state in which the training person is standing on a boarding surface, because a movement amount of the moving carriage in such a balance training apparatus can be set as appropriate, for example, in association with the game. In particular, when the moving carriage is controlled according to how much the load's center of gravity of the training person's feet is displaced from a reference position, for example, if one foot is lifted from the boarding surface, there may be a sudden variation in the movement of the moving carriage that the training person docs not expect. It has thus become necessary to calculate a load's center of gravity accurately in order to perform safety control that prevents sudden movement variations.
The present disclosure has been made to solve such a problem. An object of the present disclosure is to provide a balance training system and the like that allow a training person having a disease in his/her balance function to perform rehabilitation training safely and effectively.
A first example aspect is a balance training system including: a moving carriage configured to be able to move on a moving surface by driving a driving unit; a detection unit configured to detect a load received from training person's feet standing on the moving carriage; a calculation unit configured to calculate a load's center of gravity of the training person's feet on a boarding surface from the load detected by the detection unit; and a control unit configured to drive the driving unit based on the load's center of gravity calculated by the calculation unit to control movement of the moving carriage. A boarding plate constituting the boarding surface is divided into a front plate and a rear plate, a toe side of the training person's feet is placed on the front plate, and a heel side of the training person's feet is placed on the rear plate, and the detection unit comprises a right front load sensor provided with a tilt to a right foot side and a loft front load sensor provided with a tilt to a left foot side on a rear surface side opposite to the boarding surface of the front plate and a right rear load sensor provided with a tilt to the right fool side and a left rear load sensor provided with a tilt to the left foot side on a rear surface side opposite to the boarding surface of the rear plate. In this way, when the front plate and the rear plate each including a load sensor are independent from each other, it is possible to accurately detect lifting of the toe and heel, thereby enabling an accurate calculation of a load's center of gravity.
In the above balance training system, the front plate may be divided into a right front plate corresponding to a position where the right front load sensor is provided and a left front plate corresponding to a position where the left front load sensor is provided, and the rear plate may be divided into a right rear plate corresponding to a position where the right rear load sensor is provided and a left rear plate corresponding to a position where the left rear load sensor is provided. When the boarding plate is divided into the left and right boarding plates in addition to being divided into the front and rear boarding plates in this way, it is possible to more accurately distinguish between the lifting of the right foot and the lifting of the left foot. Further, when the boarding plate is divided in this way, the training person scan board in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the moving carriage. Thus, the single balance training system can also be used safely for balance training in the right-left direction.
Further, the control unit of the above balance training system may be configured to determine whether the training person's toe and heel is lifted in the air based on the load's center of gravity calculated by the calculation unit, and control the movement of the moving carriage based on a result of the determination. For example, when the control unit determines that one of the training person's toes and the training person's heels are lifted in the air, the control unit is configured to perform deceleration control for gradually decreasing a moving speed of the moving carriage. Alternatively, when the control unit determines that one of the training person's toes and the training person's heels are lifted in the air, the control unit may be configured to perform limit speed control for limiting a moving speed of the moving carriage to less than or equal to a predetermined limit speed. It is desirable to perform safe movement control in this way when the training person's toe or heels are lifted in the air, in consideration of the possibility of the training person losing his/her balance.
A second example aspect is a control method for a balance training system comprising a moving carriage configured to be able to move on a moving surface by driving a driving unit, the control method comprising: detecting a load received from training person's feet standing on the moving carriage; calculating a load's center of gravity of the training person's feet on a boarding surface from the load detected by the detecting; and controlling the driving unit based on the load's center of gravity calculated by the calculating to control movement of the moving carriage, wherein a boarding plate constituting the boarding surface is divided into a front plate and a rear plate, a toe side of the training person's feet is being placed on the front plate, and a heel side of the training person's feet is being placed on the rear plate, and the detecting is executed by a right front load sensor provided with a tilt to a right foot side and a left front load sensor provided with a tilt to a left foot side on a rear surface side opposite to the boarding surface of the front plate and a right rear load sensor provided with a tilt to the right foot side and a left rear load sensor provided with a tilt to the left foot side on a rear surface side opposite to the boarding surface of the rear plate.
According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a balance training system and the like that allow a training person having a disease in his/her balance function to perform rehabilitation training safely and effectively.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not to be considered as limiting the present disclosure.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described through embodiments of the disclosure, but the disclosure according to the claims is not limited to the following embodiments. Further, all of the configurations described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential as means for solving the problem.
The training apparatus 100 includes a moving carriage 110 and a frame 160. The moving carriage 110 is able to move in a front-rear direction on a moving surface that is a floor surface or the like of a rehabilitation facility. The frame 160 is provided to stand on the moving carriage 110 and prevents the training person 900 boarding the moving carriage 110 from falling. The moving carriage 110 mainly includes driving wheels 121, casters 122, a boarding plate 130, load sensors 140, and a control box 150.
The driving wheels 121 are arranged as two front wheels with respect to a traveling direction. Each driving wheel 121 is rotationally driven by a motor (not shown) as a driving unit, and moves the moving carriage 110 forward or backward. The casters 122 are driven wheels and are arranged as two rear wheels with respect to the traveling direction. The boarding plate 130 is a boarding unit on which the training person 900 boards and places his/her feet. Specifically, the boarding plate 130 is divided into a front plate 130a on which a toe side of the training person 900's feet is placed and a rear plate 130b on which a heel side of the training person 900's feet is placed. A flat plate made of, for example, a polycarbonate resin with a relatively high rigidity that can withstand the boarding of the training person 900 is used as each of the front plate 130a and the rear plate 130b. Each of the front plate 130a and the rear plate 130b is supported on an upper surface of the moving carriage 110 with the load sensors 140 interposed therebetween.
Each of the load sensors 140 is, for example, a load cell, and functions as a detection unit that detects a load received from the training person 900's feet standing on the moving carriage 110. A specific arrangement of the load sensors 140 will be described later. The control box 150 accommodates an arithmetic processing unit and a memory, which will be described later.
The frame 160 includes an opening and closing door 161 and a handrail 162. The opening and closing door 161 is opened when the training person 900 boards the boarding plate 130 to form a passage for the training person 900. The opening and closing door 161 is closed and locked when the training person 900 performs a training attempt. The handrail 162 is provided to surround the training person 900 so that it can be grasped when the training person 900 is about to lose his/her balance or feels uneasy. Note that when the training person 900 performs a training attempt, he/she tries to maintain an upright posture by maintaining his/her balance by himself/herself without grasping the handrail 162. The frame 160 supports a display panel 170. The display panel 170 is a display unit that is, for example, a liquid crystal panel. The display panel 170 is disposed at a position where the training person 900 can easily see during the training attempt.
An operation reception unit 220 receives input operations from the training person 900 and an operator, and transmits an operation signal to the arithmetic processing unit 200. The training person 900 or the operator operates an operation button provided on the apparatus, a touch panel superimposed on the display panel 170, an attached remote controller, or the like, which constitute the operation reception unit 220, in order to give an instruction for turning on and off the power and for starting a training attempt, to enter numerical values for setting, and to select menu items.
A display control unit 230 generates a graphic video image and the like of a task game, which will be described later, in accordance with a display signal from the arithmetic processing unit 200, and displays the graphic video image and the like on the display panel 170. The memory 240 is a non-volatile storage medium. For example, a solid state drive is used as the memory 240. The memory 240 stores a control program and so on for controlling the training apparatus 100. The memory 240 further stores various parameter values, functions, lookup tables and so on used for control. In particular, the memory 240 stores a task game 241 that is a program for giving a task in a game format so that the training person 900 can enjoy a training attempt. Two load sensors 140 are provided for each of the front plate 130a and the rear plate 130b. The load sensors 140 detect loads applied from the training person 900's feet via the front plate 130a and the rear plate 130b, and transmit detection signals to the arithmetic processing unit 200.
The arithmetic processing unit 200 also serves as a function execution unit that performs various calculations and control of individual elements in accordance with a request of the control program. A load calculation unit 201 acquires the detection signals of the four load sensors 140 and calculates a load's center of gravity of the training person 900's feet on the boarding surface. A specific calculation method will be described later.
A range setting unit 202 sets a stable range that is a range of the load's center of gravity estimated that the training person 900 can maintain upright on the boarding surface. A specific setting method will be described later. A movement control unit 203 generates a driving signal to be transmitted to the driving wheel unit 210, and controls the movement of the moving carriage 110 via the driving wheel unit 210. In this embodiment, in particular, safety control for ensuring safety is performed when it is determined that the load's center of gravity is outside the stable range during a training attempt in which the motor is driven and the moving carriage 110 is moved. Details of the safety control will be described later.
The arithmetic processing unit 200 may be composed of one or more processors. The load calculation unit 201, the range setting unit 202, and the movement control unit 203 may be composed of one or more processors. Alternatively, the load calculation unit 201, the range setting unit 202, the movement control unit 203, and the display control unit 230 may be composed of one or more processors.
The reference position RP is defined as an origin. As shown in the drawing, a direction orthogonal to a traveling direction is defined as a W axis, and the traveling direction is defined as an L axis. Further, the positions where the right front load sensor 140a, the left front load sensor 140b, the right rear load sensor 140c, and the left rear load sensor 140d are installed are defined as (Wrh, Lfr), (Wlh, Lfr), (Wrh, Lrr), and (Wlh, Lrr), respectively. A coordinate value Wf of a load's center of gravity CPf on the toe side in the right-left direction is expressed by the Formula 1.
Wf=(fa×Wrh+fb×Wlh)/(fa+fb) (Formula 1)
In the Formula 1, fa is a load detected by the right front load sensor 140a, and fb is a load detected by the left front load sensor 140b.
Likewise, a coordinate value Wr of a load's center of gravity CPr on the heel side in the right-left direction is expressed by the Formula 2.
Wr=(fc×Wrh+fd×Wlh)/(fc+fd) (Formula 2)
In the Formula 2, fc is a load detected by the right rear load sensor 140c, and fd is a load detected by the left rear load sensor 140d.
Then, a coordinate value of the entire load's center of gravity CP (Wall, Lall) is expressed by the Formulas 3 and 4.
Wall=((fa+fb)×Wf+(fc+fd)×Wr)/(fa+fb+fc+fd) (Formula 3)
Lall=((fa+fb)×Lfr+(fc+fd)×Lrr)/(fa+fb+fcfd) (Formula 4)
When the load's center of gravity CP is calculated in this way, for example, when the toe of the right foot is lifted in the air, the load applied to the heel of the right foot is not transmitted to the right front load sensor 140a. Thus, the load's center of gravity CPf is largely tilted to the left side. Further, when the heel of the left foot is lifted in the air, the load applied to the toe of the left foot is not transmitted to the left rear load sensor 140d. Thus, the load's center of gravity CPr is largely tilted to the right side. It is thus possible to determine whether the toe and heel are lifted in the air by observing CPf and CPr, because CPf and CPr are largely tilted when the toe and heel are lifted in the air. For example, a threshold is provided for each of the coordinate values in advance, and when a coordinate value exceeding the threshold and is tilted to one side is detected, it is determined that the lifting of the toe and heel is occurring. When both fa and fb are smaller than a predetermined threshold, it can be determined that both toes are lifted in the air. In this case, CP=CPr. Likewise, when both fc and fd are smaller than a predetermined threshold, it can be determined that both heels are lifted in the air. In this case, CP=CPf.
The range setting unit 202 fits a smooth closed curve so as to pass through each load's center of gravity CPF, CPR, CPB, and CPL calculated in this manner, and sets a range surrounded by the closed curve as a stable range LC. The stable range LC set in this way is a range in which the training person 900 is expected to be able to maintain a standing state by adjusting his/her balance while the load's center of gravity of the training person 900 is included in this range. In this embodiment, since the moving direction of the moving carriage 110 is the front-rear direction, a ΔC axis is defined along the moving direction within the two-dimensionally defined stable range LC. Along the ΔC axis, the reference position RP is defined as 0, a maximum value of the stable range LC is defined as ΔCmax, and a minimum value of the stable range LC is defined as ΔCmin. The stable range LC may be set by selecting, from a preset lookup table, a stable range corresponding to the training person 900's height, weight, foot size, a progress of rehabilitation training, etc., in addition to the stable range LC being set through a calibration work.
In this embodiment, the training person 900 is encouraged to perform training by carrying out the task game 241. The task game 241 processed by the arithmetic processing unit 200 generates a constantly changing graphic video image and displays the graphic video image on the display panel 170, and the training person 900 is encouraged to perform a moving operation of the training apparatus 100.
On the right side of the tennis court displayed at the center of the screen, a character M throwing a tennis ball B is superimposed on a background image, and on the left side of the tennis court, a character P hitting the thrown tennis ball B back is superimposed on the background image. The character M expresses an action of moving up and down or throwing according to the task given by the task game 241. The character P is a character representing the training person 900 and expresses an action of moving up and down in accordance with the movement of the training apparatus 100 or swinging a racket in accordance with an arrival of the tennis ball B. The tennis ball B reciprocates in the left and right direction on the tennis court in accordance with the actions of the characters M and P. The game screen also includes information such as a score and elapsed time, etc. that change according to a status of the game.
As shown in
The training person 900 moves the character P to a hitting position Th where he/she can hit the tennis ball B back at Bh before the tennis ball B reaches Bh. That is, as shown in
A certain amount of time is required until the character P reaches the hitting position Th or returns to the initial position Ts, although it depends on the speed Vc of the character P. During this time, the training person 900 continues to adjust his/her balance by tilting his/her center of gravity. This balance adjustment is effective rehabilitation training for the training person 900 with a disease in the balance function. Further, since the load's center of gravity CP can be constantly changed according to the balance adjustment of the training person 900, the target speed VT of the moving carriage 110 and the speed Vc of the character P can also change. The training person 900 not only moves the character P according to his/her balance adjustment but also moves the training apparatus 100 itself, so that the training person 900 can obtain sensations that act on his/her sense of balance and sense of posture in addition to visual information, and thus the training person 900 can enjoy the training attempt. When the training person 900 can enjoy the training attempt, it can be expected that the training person 900 can actively and continuously perform training. That is, the balance function can be recovered in a shorter period.
The training person 900 who is undergoing rehabilitation training cannot necessarily adjust his/her balance during the training attempt continuously and successfully. The training person 900 may sometimes grasp the handrail 162, or changes his/her step on the boarding plate 130. In particular, since the target speed VT of the moving carriage 110 with respect to the displacement amount ΔC of the load's center of gravity CP can be appropriately set, the setting may not be appropriate for the training person 900. When the moving carriage 110 is controlled at the target speed VT that is proportional to the displacement amount ΔC without any restriction measures, when, for example, one foot is lifted from the boarding surface, there may be a sudden movement variation in the moving carriage 110 that the training person 900 does not expect. Therefore, the movement control unit 203 according to this embodiment performs safety control when the load's center of gravity CP calculated by the load calculation unit 201 falls out of the stable range LC.
The actual displacement amount along the ΔC axis with respect to the load's center of gravity CP shown in the drawing is ΔC. Further, the displacement amount with respect to a line segment connected between the reference position RP and the load's center of gravity CP intersecting with a circumference curve of the stable range LC is defined as ΔCa. The displacement amount ΔCa is employed to determine the target speed. The value of ΔCa is ΔCmin or more and ΔCmax or less, and thus the movement control unit 203 can determine the target speed VT using the relationship of
Note that the target speed VT of the moving carriage 110 may be set to be equal to or tower than an upper limit speed. The upper limit speed here may be a speed corresponding to the displacement amount ΔCa to be applied. When the load's center of gravity CP falls outside the stable range LC, it is also assumed that the training person 900 may be upset. Thus, for example, for a certain period after the load's center of gravity CP falls outside the stable range LC, a speed obtained by multiplying the speed corresponding to the displacement amount ΔCa to be applied by a coefficient of about 0.9 may be used as the target speed VT.
The arithmetic processing unit 200 proceeds to Step S103, reads the designated task game 241 from the memory 240, and starts a training attempt through the task game 241. The arithmetic processing unit 200 displays a video image in accordance with the progress of the task game 241 on the display panel 170 via the display control unit 213.
In Step S104, the load sensor 140 detects a load received from the training person 900's feet in accordance with the progress of the task game 241, and passes the detected detection signal to the load calculation unit 201. In Step S105, the load calculation unit 201 calculates the load's center of gravity from the received detection signal, and passes the calculated load's center of gravity to the movement control unit 203.
In Step S106, the movement control unit 203 determines whether the load's center of gravity received from the load calculation unit 201 is within the stable range LC set by the range setting unit 202. When the movement control unit 203 determines that the load's center of gravity is within the range, the process proceeds to Step S107, and sets the target speed of the moving carriage 110 according to the actual displacement amount ΔC corresponding to the calculated load's center of gravity. When the movement control unit 203 determines that the load's center of gravity is outside the range, the process proceeds to Step S108.
In Step S108, the movement control unit 203 determines whether at least one of the training person 900's toe and the training person 900's heel is lifted in the air. When the movement control unit 203 determines that no lifting is occurring, the process proceeds to Step S109 where the displacement amount ΔCa to be applied is calculated from the load's center of gravity calculated as described with reference to
In Step S111, the movement control unit 203 calculates a driving torque corresponding to the set target speed, and transmits a driving signal for outputting the driving torque to the driving wheel unit 210. The movement control unit 203 sequentially acquires the rotational speed of the driving wheels 121 from the driving wheel unit 210 and performs feedback control so that the difference between the rotational speed and the target speed becomes zero.
When the deceleration control is performed, the target speed is temporarily set to zero over a certain period of time from the target speed VT at the time when an occurrence of the lifting is determined. The certain period of time in this case may be determined according to the magnitude of the target speed VT and the progress of the rehabilitation training of the training person 900. When such safety control is performed, the training attempt can be safely interrupted, and the training person 900 can be calmed down. The movement control unit 203 may resume the training attempt when a resume instruction is received from the training person 900 or when a certain period of time has elapsed.
In Step S110, the arithmetic processing unit 200 determines whether the training attempt has ended. The training attempt ends, for example, when the task game 241 ends, a set period of time elapses, or a target item is achieved. When the arithmetic processing unit 200 determines that the training attempt has not ended, the process returns to Step S104 where the training attempt is continued, whereas when the arithmetic processing unit 200 determines that the training attempt has ended, the process proceeds to Step S111. In Step S111, the arithmetic processing unit 200 executes end processing to end a series of processing. The end processing is to display the final score on the display panel 170 and update history information of the training that has been carried out so far.
When it is determined that the lifting is occurring, the movement control unit 203 may transition to limit speed control instead of the deceleration control. In the limit speed control, as described above, the speed corresponding to the displacement amount ΔCa to be applied is set as an upper limit speed. For example, a speed obtained by multiplying a coefficient of about 0.9 by the speed corresponding to the displacement amount ΔCa to be applied is set as a target speed VT for a certain period after an occurrence of the lifting is determined. In any case, when the lifting is detected, the speed control which puts emphasis on safety may be performed.
In this embodiment described above, an example in which the boarding plate 130 is divided into the front plate 130a and the rear plate 130b has been described. An example of the division of the boarding plate 130 is not limited to this.
As in the example of
Wall=((fa+fc)×Wrh+(fb+fd)×Wlh)/(fa+fb+fc+fd) (Formula 5)
Lall=((fa+fb)×Lfr+(fc+fd)×Lrr)/(fa+fb+fc+fd) (Formula 6)
In the Formulas 5 and 6, fa is a load detected by the right front load sensor 140a, and fb is a load detected by the left front load sensor 140b.
The same movement control as that according to the above-described embodiments can also be performed with the load's center of gravity CP calculated in this manner. In addition, when the boarding plate 130 is divided into the left and right boarding plates in addition to being divided into the front and rear boarding plates in this way, it is possible to more accurately distinguish between the lifting of the right foot and the lifting of the left foot. Further, when the boarding plate is divided in this way, the training person 900 can board in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the moving carriage 110. Thus, the single training apparatus 100 can also be used safely for balance training in the right-left direction.
In each of the embodiments described above, a case in which the minimum number of load sensors is arranged has been described, but the number of load sensors may be further increased. The increased number of load sensors can improve the stability of the boarding plate 130, and improve the accuracy of the load's center of gravity.
In the above-described embodiments, the moving carriage 110 has a structure that moves back and forth, and thus the movement control and task games corresponding to such a structure are employed. However, when the moving carriage 110 has a structure that also moves in the right-left direction, the movement control and task games corresponding to such a structure that moves back and forth and also left and right may be employed. In the above-described embodiments, the speed control is performed by calculating the displacement amount ΔC in the front-rear direction, which is the moving direction of the moving carriage 110, with respect to the two-dimensionally defined stable range LC. However, when the moving carriage 110 can also move in the right-left direction, the moving direction and the target speed may be determined according to a vector from the reference position RP to the load's center of gravity.
The program can be stored and provided to a computer using any type of non-transitory computer readable media. Non-transitory computer readable media include any type of tangible storage media. Examples of non-transitory computer readable media include magnetic storage media (such as floppy disks, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives, etc.), optical magnetic storage media (e.g. magneto-optical disks), CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory), CD-R (compact disc recordable), CD-R/W (compact disc rewritable), and semiconductor memories (such as mask ROM, PROM (programmable ROM), EPROM (erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory), etc.). The program may be provided to a computer using any type of transitory computer readable media. Examples of transitory computer readable media include electric signals, optical signals, and electromagnetic waves. Transitory computer readable media can provide the program to a computer via a wired communication line (e.g. electric wires, and optical fibers) or a wireless communication line.
From the disclosure thus described, it will be obvious that the embodiments of the disclosure may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended for inclusion within the scope of the following claims.
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| JP2019-047887 | Mar 2019 | JP | national |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20200289896 A1 | Sep 2020 | US |
