Patent Application
20180197240
The present invention relates to a bank system, a method, and a program for structured finance credit management. More specifically, the present invention relates to a bank system, a method, and a program for structured finance credit management having customer information sharable by a plurality of entities, having information relating to a management unit of credit transactions in which one or more lending offices and one or more borrowers can be handled, capable of extracting one or more related parties associated with a particular financing deal, and capable of grasping progress status of ancillary processes of credit transactions.
In recent years, as the scale of overseas business expands, there are increasing amount of overseas credit exposure in banks, number of borrowers, and number of countries and regions where borrowers are located. Many companies establish subsidiaries or branches, and/or build plants, in a plurality of countries and regions in order to expand business opportunities. Under such a situation, globally operating major banks, when dealing with such companies, usually finance the companies via overseas branches of the banks or subsidiaries relating to the banks. For example, a company may ask a branch of the bank in a European country A to finance construction of a plant in the country A. Another company, whose head quarter is located in a Southeast Asian country B, may ask a branch of the bank in the country B to finance construction of a plant in a Southeast Asian country C and receive funds from a branch of the bank in the country C. In such cases, usually, credit ancillary processes are not completed solely by the branch or subsidiary located in the country where the application for financing has been made, but branches and head offices located in a plurality of countries share information and perform credit ancillary processes. Although the head office of a bank is generally located in the home country of the bank, it may also be established in another country or region. For example, some of the major banks divide the world into a plurality of regions, establish head offices (for example, European head office, Asia-Oceanian head office, U.S. head office, and the like) in respective regions, and manage branches or subsidiaries in countries within the regions.
As already described, there are increasing number of cases where branches, subsidiaries, and head offices located in a plurality of countries and regions are involved in a credit business related to corporate finance. On the other hand, a bank may often handle structured finance besides corporate finance. Structured finance is finance based on a particular business asset and cash flow brought about by the business, rather than the credit worthiness of the company and may include, for example, financing a special purpose company (SPC) established by related parties. An SPC, being a shell company invested and established by a plurality of companies involved in a certain project (for example, oilfield development), turns out to be the borrower of the finance. Although the plurality of companies involved in the project are involved in the project as related parties, they are not borrower. In globally operating banks, there are increasing number of cases of such structured finance.
Banks have been developing various bank systems over many years. For customer companies whose operating regions are only domestic, banks have already created systems for customer information management, decision systems for making credit decisions, and systems for credit management, the systems having been operated as domestic bank systems. As already described, with global expansion of operations of companies, bank systems are required to meet the needs of globally operating companies. Under a situation with an increasing number of cases of corporate finance and structured finance for companies globally expanding businesses, and with an increasing number of overseas head offices, branches, and subsidiaries, it has been necessary for banks to construct a new system which is capable of handling a corporate finance and/or a structured finance and which allows a plurality of offices in a bank to be involved therein.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a system which merely makes funding decisions between a plurality of countries, and Patent Literature 2 discloses a system for applying for a structured finance. Accordingly, with regard to conventional bank systems, there are only known systems focusing on particular ones of overseas affairs, and there has been no system for performing customer information management, deal management, credit decisions for overseas credit.
In a conventional bank system, when the performance of a certain company has suddenly decreased, it takes considerable time to extract financing deals associated with the company. When a global financial crisis (for example, Lehman's fall) has occurred, or when a certain project has resulted in an enormous loss, it takes considerable time for a conventional bank system to extract companies affected by such an event. When a certain event (for example, fall of crude-oil price) has occurred, it is difficult for a conventional bank system to extract companies whose performance decreases due to the event.
PTL 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-276012
PTL 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-352087
It is an object of the present invention to provide a bank system for credit management of structured finance allowing a plurality of offices in a bank to be involved therein, the bank system being capable of providing progress status of credit ancillary processes, capable of extracting financing deals associated with a particular customer, and capable of extracting one or more related parties associated with a particular financing deal. The bank system can handle both domestic credit and overseas credit.
A bank system for structured finance credit management as an aspect of the present invention includes: first storage means for storing customer information, the customer information being sharable by a plurality of entities; second storage means for storing information relating to a credit transaction management unit, the information relating to a credit transaction management unit having information of one or more lending offices and information of one or more borrowers, the borrowers being associated with the customer information; third storage means for storing information of related parties associated with the borrowers, the borrowers being established by the related parties for the structured finance, the related parties being associated with the customer information; approval means for approving execution of a credit transaction described in a credit application, the approval means having the customer information, the information relating to a credit transaction management unit, and the information of related parties at the time of creation of the credit application, and generating a first signal at the time of creation of the credit application; and control card generating means for generating a control card in response to the first signal, the control card indicating progress status of ancillary processes of the credit transaction described in the credit application. The customer information is maintained by a plurality of entities associated with the related parties, and the information relating to a credit transaction management unit and the information of related parties are maintained by a first entity.
A method performed in a bank system for structured finance credit management as another aspect of the present invention includes the steps of: updating customer information, the customer information being sharable by a plurality of entities; updating information relating to a credit transaction management unit, the information relating to a credit transaction management unit having information of one or more lending offices and information of one or more borrowers, and the borrowers being associated with the customer information; updating information of related parties associated with the borrowers, the borrowers being established by the related parties for the structured finance, the related parties being associated with the customer information; acquiring the customer information, the information relating to a credit transaction management unit, and the information of related parties and generating a first signal in response to creation of a credit application; and generating a control card in response to the first signal, the control card indicating progress status of ancillary processes of a credit transaction described in the credit application. The customer information is maintained by a plurality of entities associated with the related parties, and the information relating to a credit transaction management unit and the information of related parties are maintained by a first entity.
According to the present invention, the bank system is capable of extracting financing deals associated with a company exhibiting a poor performance by searching Deal information or SL information on the basis of the customer ID of the company. According to the present invention, when a certain project has resulted in an enormous loss, the bank system is capable of identifying parties involved on the basis of the SL information, and extracting financing deals for each of the identified parties involved. According to the present invention, the bank system is capable of providing progress status of credit ancillary processes.
Detailed understanding of embodiments disclosed in the present Description can be acquired from the following explanation illustrated in relation to the accompanying drawings.
<Definitions of Terms>
Meaning of the following terms used in the present Description will be defined.
Overseas credit: Financing provided by an overseas branch of a bank or a subsidiary relating to the bank to a customer of the bank. There are “facility” and “Exposure” as terms corresponding to credit. The former is used when referring to individual credit, and the latter is used when referring to the entire credit for a customer.
Overseas credit management: Management of the credit status of a finance destination company in terms of overseas credit.
Lending Office: A branch or subsidiary taking responsibility of credit. In a case where a plurality of branches or subsidiaries deal with a single customer, a Primary Lending Office (PLO) refers to an office which collectively manages customer information and performs borrower evaluation, and a Secondary Lending Office (SLO) refers to an office other than the Primary lending office.
Global company: A company which is expanding business in many regions and needs to be managed by a plurality of lending offices.
SL (Specialized Lending): Approximately synonymous with structured finance (SF). In the present Description, SL and SF may be used interchangeably.
In the present Description, a credit management scheme performed in a Bank 1 and a system for performing the scheme will be described. The Bank 1 may have branches and subsidiaries associated with the Bank 1 in a plurality of countries and regions. The Bank 1 may divide the world into a plurality of regions, establish head offices (for example, European head offices, Asia-Oceanian head offices, U.S. head offices, and the like) in respective regions, and manage branches or subsidiaries in countries within the regions. Head offices, branches and subsidiaries may be referred to as “entities”.
The bank terminal 20 is a terminal capable of accessing the bank system 10 via the network 30 to use a function provided by the bank system 10. The bank terminal 20 may be a terminal that a bank clerk can use, and is not limited in particular. For example, the bank terminal 20 may include a personal computer (PC), a laptop, a tablet terminal, or any other type of devices operable in a wired or wireless environment. The network 30 may be a known network which allows mutual communication, including the Internet, a dedicated line, or the like, and is not limited in particular.
The processor 21, which performs control of respective components and arithmetic processing of data in the bank system 10, is capable of reading various programs stored in the auxiliary storage device 23 to the main storage device 22 and executing them. The main storage device 22 is capable of storing various transmission and reception data, computer-executable instructions, and data subjected to arithmetic processing by the instructions. The auxiliary storage device 23 is a storage device, such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or an SSD (Solid State Drive), and is capable of storing data or programs for a long time.
The interface device 24 serves as an interface when transmitting and receiving data to and from other systems and devices. The interface device 24 is capable of providing an interface for receiving various commands or input data (e.g., data of various master files) from a system operator. The output device 25 is capable of displaying data processed by the processor 21 and/or data read out from various databases or files. The output device 25 is capable of providing a function for printing data displayed on the display.
As illustrated in
The subsystems 11 to 15 may each include a processor, a main storage device, an auxiliary storage device, an interface device, and an output device which may be connected to each other via a bus or the like, and the devices may have functions similar to the devices 21 to 25.
The customer information management subsystem 11 is used for managing customer information used in a credit management process. The customer information used in the present invention can be used not by individual lending offices but across a plurality of departments and lending offices in a bank, and thus is different from customer information in a conventional CIF (customer information file). The customer information in CIF has been created and maintained by respective lending offices. In a case where a particular company is trading with a plurality of lending offices in a bank, each of the lending offices has been creating and maintaining customer information and accordingly there has not been performed a centralized information management in the Bank 1. In the present Description, customer information will be referred to as a “corporate card” in order to be distinguished from the conventional CIF.
The deal information management subsystem 12 is used for managing deal information (Deal) relating to financing. The deal information management subsystem 12 is capable of handling Deal of both corporate finance and structured finance. Deal may include fact information such as background and reason of funding needs of a customer company, as well as usage of the funds and loan period.
The user management subsystem 13 is capable of providing a system function accessible by a logged-in user, an access control function which controls data, and a check function which monitors user log. The access control function allows only a particular user to access a particular system function or data. The check function is capable of collecting and storing logs of particular ones of user operations performed in the bank system 10. Particular operations whose logs to be collected may be preliminarily determined.
The decision subsystem 14 is a system for creating a credit application with regard to overseas credit, circulating it around related departments, and acquiring approval from a decision-making authority. The decision subsystem 14 is capable of preserving a corporate card and Deal at the time point of examining the content of the credit application. The corporate card and Deal may be preserved at the time point of starting creation of the credit application and/or the time point of decision. The decision subsystem 14 may create and store, when a credit application is circulated from a certain entity to another entity, a copy of the credit application.
The credit management subsystem 15 is capable of supporting credit business management and enhancing cooperation between related departments and lending offices, as well as internal management. The credit management subsystem 15 is capable of providing a function of checking whether or not affairs before execution of financing and affairs after execution of financing are appropriately performed.
The customer information 31, which is a customer profile, may include attribute information, such as customer ID, company name, location of head quarter, year established, number of employees, location of plant and/or branch (names of country and city), stock information, shareholders, group structure, management history, relation to the Bank 1, key-person, business classification, region-wise segment, main customer, and main supplier.
The financial information 32 may include profit and loss statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements of customers and the original data of the financial information. The financial information 32 may include data across a plurality of calendar years. The financial information 32 may include actual and predicted data.
The financial analysis 33 may include an analysis result based on information stored in the financial information 32. Financial analysis is performed by a staff of the Bank 1, and the analysis result may be used for credit decision.
The credit monitoring 34 may include monitoring information, such as credit rating of borrower, status of borrower (excellent, caution, etc.), grade of borrower (high, medium, low, etc.). The content of the monitoring information may be determined on the basis of a criterion defined by the Bank 1, and/or may be information acquired from a rating company.
The banking relationship 35 may include information, such as all financial institutions from which a borrower is borrowing money, and amount of money borrowed from each financial institution. The peer comparison 36 may store information (for example, financial information) of a competing company of a borrower. Selection of a competing company is determined on the basis of information of another borrower in the same field of business, or by the staff of the Bank 1.
Access control to information stored in the elements 31 to 36 is performed by the user management subsystem 13. The access control is performed, after the information to be referred to has been specified, in accordance with the organization the access user belongs to, information of credit job position and role, compliance information of the country and region in which the entity managing customer data is located, and information as to whether or not the customer has agreed that another entity refers to the customer data. The customer information management subsystem 11 may have information as to whether or not the customer has agreed that the information stored in the elements 31 to 36 is shared. An entity may indicate respective departments of head office of the Bank 1, branches, and subsidiaries associated with the Bank 1.
The Deal Profile 41 is capable of storing a profile of deal information. The information stored in the Deal Profile 41 may be associated with information to be stored in the credit detail information 42 and the collateral detail information 43 using an identifier (Deal number) of the deal information.
The Deal Profile 41 may include basic information 411 (Deal number, Deal name, Deal owner, one or more lending offices, one or more borrowers), a Deal summary 412, a Deal background 413, a lending structure 414, and support sharing 415 (not illustrated).
The basic information 411 may include a Deal number for identifying a Deal, a name indicating a Deal, one or more lending offices, and customer IDs of one or more borrowers. The Deal summary 412 may include an outline of a transaction. For example, the Deal summary 412 may include information indicating that “the purpose of finance is to provide operating funds for a business company whose head quarter is located in India. The loan period is one year and the amount of financing is 10 million dollars. The lending offices in New Delhi (NDL) and Singapore (SNG) each finance 5 million dollars.
The Deal background 413 may include background circumstance and reason for financing. The lending structure 414 may include an explanatory diagram of a scheme of financing, and an explanation text. The support sharing 415 may indicate the support ratio of respective financial institutions (for example, 40% for Bank A, 35% for Bank B, and 25% for Bank C) in a case where a plurality of financial institutions are involved in financing.
The credit detail information 42 may include detailed information of finance such as detail number, borrower, type of credit, currency, amount of financing, or the like. The collateral detail information 43 may include detailed information of the collateral of the Deal. When a plurality of lending offices are involved in a Deal, the credit detail information 42 may indicate a summed maximum amount resulted from adding maximum amounts which have been set in respective lending offices. The credit detail information 42 and the collateral detail information 43 may include information of a plurality of borrowers.
The SL information 44 stores information specific to SL (Specialized Lending) in a case where the type of financing is a structured finance (for example, financing a special purpose company (SPC) for a certain project). An example of a structured finance is illustrated in
The SL information 44 may include an SL number 421, an asset profile 422 (project summary, structure, milestone, etc.), a contract document number 423, financial information 424, and one or more related parties 425 (not illustrated).
The SL number 421 is a number for identifying a structured finance. The asset profile 422 may include information such as summary, scheme (structure), and schedule and milestone of a project. The contract document number 423 indicates identification information of a contract document associated with a structured finance. The financial information 424 indicates financial information (profit and loss statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, etc.) of a project.
The related parties 425 may include one or more stakeholders of a project, and the stakeholder is indicated by a customer ID of the customer information 31. The related parties 425 may include a role of the stakeholder in the project. For example, a role may include borrower, guarantor, sponsor, underlying asset owner, buyer, seller, and the like. In a structured finance which may have a plurality of parties involved therein, a lending office administrating an SPC, for example, may maintain the SL information 44. Using the related parties 425 allows one or more related parties in the project to be identified. Accordingly, in a case where any damage has occurred in the project, it becomes possible to identify customers who may be affected.
The user information 51 may include user information and access control information available in the bank system 10. The user information 51 may include a user ID 521, an organization which user belongs to 522, a credit job position 523, a role 524, and a system operation authority 525 (not illustrated).
The user ID 521 is an ID for identifying a user who uses the bank system 10 and the subsystems 11 to 15. The organization which user belongs to 522 indicates a department of a user (for example, credit department of the head office, sales department of the Singapore branch, etc.). The credit job position 523, which is a job position for credit decision, indicates a job position, such as group manager, or head of branch. These job positions are determined on the basis of official personnel information. The role 524 indicates a role to be accomplished in credit ancillary processes (for example, front, front-middle, middle-back, back, credit department, etc.).
The system operation authority 525 may define a business application operable on the basis of information, such as department or credit job position of a user in order to prevent unnecessary operation by the user. For example, in a case where a credit application for financing to be performed in a Southeast Asian country has been erroneously circulated to a credit department in London, since the personnel belonging to the credit department in London need not refer to the credit application, they cannot access data of credit applications other than those for predetermined regions.
The access control based on insider information 52 may store setting information for granting only designated users to access secret information, such as a corporate card (elements 31 to 36) of a company planning merger and acquisition (M&A).
The access control to data and application 53 may include access permission information of a user for each piece of information, such as the information 31 to 36 in the customer information management subsystem 11, the Deal Profile 41, the SL information 44 with regard to complicated transactions having a plurality of borrowers involved therein.
The relationship between departments/branches 54 may include information of departments, lending offices, and subsidiaries which need to share customer information of other departments, lending offices and subsidiaries. For example, the Planning dept. Americas division needs to refer to customer information associated with entities under administration thereof (for example, branches in the Unites States). Accordingly, the relationship between departments/branches 54 may include information of referring entities and entities being referred to.
The access control based on information category 55 may indicate a range of disclosure in accordance with the type of information because the range that can be disclosed is different depending on the type of information. For example, since the range of information disclosure is different depending on agreement/disagreement of customers to information disclosure, countries in which entities managing the information are located, and the like, the access control based on information category 55 may include information relating to agreement of customers, and countries in which entries are located.
The user information generating unit 57 is capable of extracting personnel information (organization which user belongs to, job position, role, etc.) of respective users from the personnel information system used in the bank system 10, performing matching of extracted personnel information and information stored in a job position table and a modification information table, which are not illustrated, and generating the user information 51. The job position table defines access authority to the system for each job position of each department/branch, and the modification information table defines access authority information resulted from modifying the default authority which has been set on the basis of personnel job positions.
The log data collecting unit 58 is capable of collecting logs of a particular operation among user operations which have been performed in the bank system 10. The particular operation for which logs are supposed to be collected may be preliminarily determined. For example, when update data is stored in the customer information 31 within the customer information management subsystem 11, log data relating to the operation, for example, user ID, operation date and time, operation terminal, type of operation (addition, correction, deletion, etc.), pre-operation data and post-operation data are transmitted by the customer information management subsystem 11 to the user management subsystem 13. The log data collecting unit 58 may store the transmitted log data in the log data 56.
Referring to
At 1201, the user management subsystem 13 acquires the organization which user belongs to 522, the credit job position 523, the role 524, and the system operation authority 525 on the basis of the user ID 521 of the login user.
At 1202, a user attempts to access particular information using the bank terminal 20.
At 1203, the user management subsystem 13 confirms laws and regulations in the country or region where the lending office managing the referred information is located. For example, when the lending office managing the referred information is located in Singapore, the user management subsystem 13 reads the laws and regulations in Singapore among the laws and regulations of respective countries preserved in the subsystem 13. The laws and regulations may be, for example, the following three patterns.
Provided that customer's agreement on information sharing is acquired, it is possible for all of the countries indicated in patterns 1 to 3 to share information across countries/corporate bodies. In a case where customer's agreement on information sharing is not acquired, in a country in pattern 1, it is possible to share information only within the country and corporate bodies therein, and in a country in pattern 2, it is possible to share information only within the corporate bodies therein. Even when customer's agreement on information sharing has not been acquired, in a country in pattern 3, it is possible to share information across the countries/corporate bodies.
At 1204, the user management subsystem 13 performs an inquiry to the customer information management subsystem 11, and determines whether or not a customer agrees to share the referred information. When customer's agreement exists, the process flow proceeds to step 1206. When no customer's agreement exists, the process flow proceeds to step 1205.
At 1205, the user management subsystem 13 determines the pattern of laws and regulations of the country in which the lending office managing the referred information is located. When the determined pattern is pattern 3, the process flow proceeds to step 1206. When the determined pattern is either pattern 1 or pattern 2, the process flow proceeds to step 1208.
At 1206, the user management subsystem 13 determines whether or not the user has an appropriate job position and a role for accessing the information. In the case of having an appropriate job position and a role, the process flow proceeds to step 1207. In the case of not having an appropriate job position and a role, the process flow proceeds to step 1208.
At 1207, the user is allowed to access the information and refer to the information. At 1208, the user has a limited access to the information, or is not allowed to access the information.
Although, in
The Corporate Card 61 may store a copy of the information of “corporate card” at the time point of drafting a credit application, i.e., the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and information of the peer comparison 36.
The Deal Information 62 may store a copy of information of: “Deal information” at the time point of drafting a credit application, i.e., the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, the collateral detail information 43, and the SL information 44. The Deal Information 62 may include status information, the status information indicating “Pending” before a credit application is approved, and “Fixed” after approval.
The credit application 63 may store data of a credit application. A credit application may include an ID of the credit application, content illustrated in
The risk factors indicate risk factors that may affect management of customers (for example, crude oil market, Middle Eastern situation, alliance partners, particular projects, or the like). The bank system 10 is capable of using patterned risk factors registered in a Corporate Card and Deal information to identify Deals that may be affected, and customers associated with the Deals.
As illustrated in
The Static Information 64 may store, after approval of a credit application by a head of an entity and before delivery of the credit application to other entities, static information of the credit application at the time of approval. The static information may be PDF data or the like. The Contract Document 65, which is created after the approval of the credit application, may store data of the signed contract document.
The information acquisition unit 66 is capable of acquiring a “corporate card” and “Deal information” at the time point of drafting a credit application from the customer information management subsystem 11 and the deal information management subsystem 12.
The static information generating unit 67 is capable of generating, after approval of a credit application by a head of a department and before delivery of the credit application other departments, static information of the credit application at the time of approval. More specifically, when an approval button for approving a credit application is pressed down, static information of the credit application is generated. The generated static information is stored in static information 67.
The delivery unit 68 is capable of notifying a confirming person and a person with authority selected by the drafter of a credit application of existence of a credit application to be confirmed. The confirming person and the person with authority who received the notification refer to the content of the credit application stored in the credit application 63, optionally input a comment, and register approval or denial. The drafter may select, on behalf of the confirming person and the person with authority, or in addition to the confirming person and the person with authority, a name of an entity. In a case where a name of a department is selected, the department which has received the credit application may select the confirming person and the approver of the credit application.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the decision subsystem 14 is also capable of acquiring information of corporate card and/or Deal information at the time point when the credit application is approved. Since the information of corporate card and/or the Deal information may be updated with time, the decision subsystem 14 may additionally acquire and hold modification information from the time point of drafting the credit application to the time point of approval.
The decision subsystem 14 is capable of transmitting, after the credit application has been drafted (for example, after a save button has been pressed down), a signal indicating the creation of a credit application to the credit management subsystem 15. The signal is a trigger for generating a control card.
The credit management subsystem 15 is capable of indicating the progress status of credit business required to be performed. The content of credit business required to be performed and the department (role) in charge of performing credit business may be determined on the basis of Deal information and route information of the credit application. The department that performs credit business may perform credit business according to an assigned role, and input the result to the credit management subsystem 15.
The Corporate Card 71 and the Deal Information include only a part of information included in the Corporate Card 61 and the Deal Information 62. The Contract Information 74 may include the same information as the information included in the Contract Document 65. The credit application 73 may include the same content as the content of the credit application 63.
The information acquisition unit 66 is capable of extracting predetermined information from the Corporate Card 61 and the Deal Information 62, in response to having received the signal indicating the creation of a credit application, and storing the extracted information in the Corporate Card 71 and the Deal Information 72, respectively. The criterion of extracting information is whether or not the information is necessary for credit business. For example, information unnecessary for checking credit business, such as background of financing and company performance, is not stored in the Corporate Card 71 and the Deal Information 72.
The control card generating unit 77 is capable of generating a control card, in response to having received the signal indicating the creation of a credit application from the decision subsystem 14 and the signal indicating approval of the credit application. The control card generating unit 77 is capable of generating, on the basis of the signal indicating the creation of a credit application, a control card including credit business to be performed prior to approval of the credit application. The control card generating unit 77 is capable of generating, on the basis of the signal indicating approval of a credit application, a control card including credit business to be performed after approval of the credit application. The respective generated control cards may be combined together and used as a single control card. In another embodiment, the control card generating unit 77 is capable of generating, in response to the signal indicating the creation of a credit application, a single control card, and increasing the items to be confirmed in a single control card in accordance with the approval situation of the credit application.
The control card may include the content of credit business required to be performed and a department (role) in charge of performing credit business. The content of credit business required to be performed and the department (role) in charge of performing credit business may be determined on the basis of Deal information and route information of the credit application. For example, with regard to financing for a project performed in U.S.A., and financing for a business company whose head quarter is located in India, credit business required to be performed and departments or branches in charge are different, and therefore different control cards are used. The control card may be referred to as a “C/C” in the present Description.
The control card number 1501 is a number for identifying a control card. The entity in charge and role 1502 may indicate an entity (department, branch, etc.) and a role which are responsible for credit business. The entity in charge and role 1502 may further indicate a user ID and a user name.
The document list 1503, when selected by a user, displays a list of contract documents and related documents associated with a control card. When desired data is selected from the list, the credit management subsystem 15 may display the selected data.
The status change button 1504 is used to shift to the next status, when all of the credit businesses required to be performed indicate “Complete”. A status may include “from pre-contract preparations to contract (Pre-Signing),” “execution preparations (Post-Signing),” and “execution preparations completed (Available to Drawdown).”
While the status is “from pre-contract preparations to contract (Pre-Signing),” check of contract contents (or check before signing), documents to be collected (various documents) required before signing and ancillary processes, management of credit department conditions, and fulfillment confirmation of collateral and guarantee before signing may be performed.
While the status is “execution preparations (Post-Signing),” management of collected documents (various documents), and fulfillment management of collateral and guarantee after the fact may be performed.
While the status is “execution preparations completed (Available to Drawdown),” management of collected documents (various documents) in a feasible state of accounting, management of credit department conditions, and fulfillment management of collateral and guarantee after the fact in a feasible state of accounting may be performed.
As illustrated in
The credit business “Application” indicates whether or not format check of a credit application and/or approval of a credit application has been completed. The credit business “Condition” indicates whether or not the conditions provided by the credit department at the time of approval of a credit application has been fulfilled. The credit business “Terms Check” indicates whether or not the check of contract contents described in the contract document has been completed. The credit business “Guarantee/Collateral” indicates whether or not guarantee and/or collateral has been fulfilled. The credit business “Document” indicates whether or not the necessary documents to be collected (various documents) has arrived. The credit business “Ancillary Process” indicates whether or not necessary ancillary processes have been completed before signing.
As described above, the credit management subsystem 15 may include a control card for each credit application, and the control card is capable of indicating the progress status of all of the credit businesses required to be performed. The control card 1500 illustrated in
Hereinafter, a plurality of cases on credit ancillary processes performed using the bank system 10 and the subsystems 11 to 15 will be described. Such cases explain examples of corporate finance and structured finance. In such cases, as an example of the role 524 stored in the user information 51, “front,” “front-middle,” “middle-back,” “back,” and “credit department” will be described for explanation. As described above, the user information 51 may include the user ID 521, the organization which user belongs to 522, the credit job position 523, the role 524, and the system operation authority 525.
A specific example of the user information 51 is given as follows. For example, the organization and job position associated with a certain person is assistant manager of the sales department of the Singapore branch, and the role of the person is front-middle because the person is engaged in clerical work of sales. For example, the organization and job position associated with another person is senior staff of the clerical department of financing of the Singapore branch, and the role of the person is middle-back because the person is engaged in clerical work of financing. Although the roles and job positions used in the present Description are listed in Table 2, roles and job positions in the Bank 1 are not limited thereto.
Hereinafter, first and second cases for corporate finance, and a third case for structured finance will be described, referring to
(First Case)
Referring to
(1) Corporation ABC, a customer in Singapore, applies for financing in a Singapore branch of the Bank 1.
(2) The front of the Singapore branch, in response to having received the application for financing, maintains the corporate card, generates Deal information, and creates a credit application. The front-middle of the Singapore branch checks the format of the credit application and confirms required documents and required procedures. The front-middle of the Singapore branch, after the checking and confirmation, updates the control card. The front-middle of the Singapore branch asks the Asian credit department of the Singapore branch for approval of the credit application. The Asian credit department reviews the credit application, determines lending terms, and approves the financing.
(3) After the approval, the front of the Singapore branch asks the middle-back of the Singapore branch for condition management and operation procedures. The middle-back of the Singapore branch reviews the approved credit application and the contract documents. After the review, the middle-back of the Singapore branch updates the control card.
(4) The middle-back of the Singapore branch, after the review, sets a credit limit to the account of Corporation ABC in the Singapore branch. A credit limit indicates the limit amount of credit (i.e., financing) to be set for a customer. Subsequently, the back of the Singapore branch pays money into the account of Corporation ABC.
Although Table 3 indicates an example of credit businesses for each role described above, credit businesses are not limited to such businesses.
At S801, the front of the Singapore branch of the Bank 1, in response to having received an application for financing from Corporation ABC, may input the latest customer information to the customer information management subsystem 11 via the bank terminal 20. The customer information management subsystem 11 may provide an application for inputting customer information. The input customer information may be stored in the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36, in accordance with contents of the information.
The front of the Singapore branch may input the outline of the financing desired by Corporation ABC to the deal information management subsystem 12. The deal information management subsystem 12 may provide an application for inputting the outline of the financing. The input information may be stored in the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, and the collateral detail information 43, in accordance with contents of the information. The information stored in the credit detail information 42 and the collateral detail information 43 remains in a pending state until execution of the financing is approved. Since the first case is targeted at corporate finance, the SL information 44 is not used.
At S802, the front of the Singapore branch accesses the decision subsystem 14 via the bank terminal 20, and creates a credit application. The front of the Singapore branch may optionally set a risk factor in the corporate card and the Deal information. The information acquisition unit 66 of the decision subsystem 14 may acquire the latest data associated with the credit application and stored in the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36 from the customer information management subsystem 11. The acquired data is stored in the Corporate Card 61 in the decision subsystem 14. The information acquisition unit 66 of the decision subsystem 14 may acquire the latest data associated with the credit application and stored in the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, and the collateral detail information 43 from the deal information management subsystem 12. The acquired data is stored in the Deal Information 62 in the decision subsystem 14. Through the processes, the decision subsystem 14 may associate the credit application with the information of the customer and the information of the financing deal at the time point of creating the credit application.
When creation of the credit application is completed (for example, after the save button is pressed), the decision subsystem 14 may transmit a signal indicating the creation of the credit application to the credit management subsystem 15. When the signal is received by the credit management subsystem 15, a control card including credit business to be performed before approval of the credit application is generated.
The front of the Singapore branch selects, on the decision subsystem 14, a route (order) of departments and/or persons which examine the created credit application. The decision subsystem 14 may record the selected route in association with the credit application, and transfer the credit application in accordance with the route. The front-middle of the Singapore branch may check the format of the credit application and, upon completing confirmation of the content, may register the completion of confirmation on the decision subsystem 14. After the credit application has been approved, the items “Application” and “Condition” in the control card are automatically updated from “Incomplete” to “Complete.”
At S803, the Asian credit department of the Singapore branch may access the decision subsystem 14 via the bank terminal 20, and approve the credit application which has been circulated thereto. The decision subsystem 14, in response to the approval of the credit application, may transmit a signal indicating the approval to the credit management subsystem 15. The credit management subsystem 15, in response to having received the signal, may acquire information of the customer from the decision subsystem 14 and store it in the Corporate Card 71, and may also acquire information related to the content of financing from the deal information management subsystem 12 and store it in the Deal Information 72. The credit management subsystem 15, in accordance with the content of the approved credit application (for example, lending terms), may dynamically generate a control card including credit business to be performed after the approval of the credit application and store the generated control card in the Control Card 75.
After the approval of the credit application, the front of the Singapore branch creates a contract document in accordance with the content of the credit application. The created contract document, after having been signed, is stored in the Contract Document 65 of the decision subsystem 14. The decision subsystem 14, in response to the storing of the contract document in the Contract Document 65, transmits the content of the contract to the credit management subsystem 15, and the information of the transmitted content of the contract is stored in the Contract Information 74. With regard to the information stored in the Contract Information 74, only the information required for checking in credit business may be referred to by respective roles.
At S804, the middle-back of the Singapore branch reviews the approved credit application and the created contract document, and determines whether or not predetermined check items are fulfilled. The middle-back of the Singapore branch accesses the Control Card 75 of the credit management subsystem 15, and updates the status of check items determined to be fulfilled from “Incomplete” to “Complete.” The middle-back of the Singapore branch, after having reviewed the contract document, may set a credit limit to the account of Corporation ABC in the Singapore branch. It is possible to determine the credit limit on the basis of the lending terms described in the contract document.
At S805, the back of the Singapore branch, in accordance with information, such as the credit limit which has been set and the date and time of payment described in the contract document, performs a payment operation on the bank system 10 via the bank terminal 20. The funds based on the credit limit are paid to the account of Corporation ABC.
(Second Case)
Referring to
(1) Corporation XYZ, a customer in Singapore (SNG), applies for financing to a Singapore branch of the Bank 1.
(2) The front of the Singapore branch, in response to having received the application for financing, maintains the corporate card, generates Deal information, and creates a credit application. The front-middle of the Singapore branch checks the format of the credit application and confirms required documents and required procedures. The front-middle of the Singapore branch, after the checking and confirmation, updates the control card. The front-middle of the Singapore branch asks the credit department of the head office for approval of the credit application. The credit department of the head office reviews the credit application, determines lending terms, and approves the financing.
(3) After the approval, the front of the Singapore branch asks the middle-back of the Hanoi branch of Vietnam for condition management and operation procedures. The middle-back of the Hanoi branch reviews the approved credit application and the contract documents. After the review, the middle-back of the Hanoi branch updates the control card.
(4) The middle-back of the Hanoi branch, after the review, sets a credit limit to the account of Corporation XYZ in the Hanoi branch. A credit limit indicates the limit amount of credit (i.e., financing) to be set for a customer. Subsequently, the back of the Hanoi branch pays money into the account of Corporation XYZ.
At S901, the front of the Singapore branch of the Bank 1, in response to having received an application for financing from Corporation XYZ, may input the latest customer information to the customer information management subsystem 11 via the bank terminal 20. The customer information management subsystem 11 may provide an application for inputting customer information. The input customer information may be stored in the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36, in accordance with contents of the information.
The front of the Singapore branch may input the outline of the financing desired by Corporation XYZ to the deal information management subsystem 12. The deal information management subsystem 12 may provide an application for inputting the outline of the financing. The input information may be stored in the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, and the collateral detail information 43, in accordance with contents of the information. The information stored in the credit detail information 42 and the collateral detail information 43 remains in a pending state until execution of the financing is approved. Since the second case is targeted at corporate finance, the SL information 44 is not used.
At S902, the front of the Singapore branch accesses the decision subsystem 14 via the bank terminal 20, and creates a credit application. The front of the Singapore branch may optionally set a risk factor in the corporate card and the Deal information. The information acquisition unit 66 of the decision subsystem 14 may acquire the latest data associated with the credit application and stored in the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36 from the customer information management subsystem 11. The acquired data is stored in the Corporate Card 61 in the decision subsystem 14. The information acquisition unit 66 of the decision subsystem 14 may acquire the latest data associated with the credit application and stored in the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, and the collateral detail information 43 from the deal information management subsystem 12. The acquired data is stored in the Deal Information 62 in the decision subsystem 14. Through the processes, the decision subsystem 14 may associate the credit application with the information of the customer and the information of the financing deal at the time point of creating the credit application.
When creation of the credit application is completed (for example, after the save button is pressed), the decision subsystem 14 may transmit a signal indicating the creation of the credit application to the credit management subsystem 15. When the signal is received by the credit management subsystem 15, a control card including credit business to be performed before approval of the credit application is generated.
The front of the Singapore branch selects, on the decision subsystem 14, a route (order) of departments and/or persons which examine the created credit application. The decision subsystem 14 may record the selected route in association with the credit application, and transfer the credit application in accordance with the route. The front-middle of the Singapore branch may check the format of the credit application and, upon completing confirmation of the content, may register the completion of confirmation on the decision subsystem 14. After the credit application has been approved, the items “Application” and “Condition” in the control card are automatically updated from “Incomplete” to “Complete.”
At S903, the credit department of the head office may access the decision subsystem 14 via the bank terminal 20, and approve the credit application which has been circulated thereto. The decision subsystem 14, in response to the approval of the credit application, may transmit a signal indicating the approval to the credit management subsystem 15. The credit management subsystem 15, in response to having received the signal, may acquire information of the customer from the decision subsystem 14 and store it in the Corporate Card 71, and may acquire information related to the content of financing from the deal information management subsystem 12 and store it in the Deal Information 72. The credit management subsystem 15, in accordance with the content of the approved credit application (for example, lending terms), may dynamically generate a control card including credit business to be performed after the approval of the credit application and store the generated control card in the Control Card 75. After the approval of the credit application, the front of the Singapore branch creates a contract document in accordance with the content of the credit application. The created contract document, after having been signed, is stored in the Contract Document 65 of the decision subsystem 14. The decision subsystem 14, in response to the storing of the contract document in the Contract Document 65, transmits the content of the contract to the credit management subsystem 15, and the information of the transmitted content of the contract is stored in the Contract Information 74. With regard to the information stored in the Contract Information 74, only the information required for checking in credit business may be referred to by respective roles.
At S904, the middle-back of the Hanoi branch reviews the approved credit application and the created contract document, and determines whether or not predetermined check items are fulfilled. The middle-back of the Hanoi branch accesses the Control Card 75 of the credit management subsystem 15, and updates the status of check items determined to be fulfilled from “Incomplete” to “Complete.” The middle-back of the Hanoi branch, after having reviewed the contract document, may set a credit limit to the account of Corporation XYZ in the Hanoi branch. It is possible to determine the credit limit on the basis of the lending terms described in the contract document.
At S905, the back of the Hanoi branch, in accordance with information, such as the credit limit which has been set and the date and time of payment described in the contract document, performs a payment operation on the bank system 10 via the bank terminal 20. The funds based on the credit limit are paid into the account of Corporation XYZ.
(Third Case)
Referring to
(1) Corporation A in London (LDN) applies for financing to the London branch of the Bank 1. The front of the London branch updates the corporate card of Corporation A, and generates Deal information. The fact that there has been an application for financing is notified to the New York branch, the Tokyo branch, and the Dubai branch respectively in charge of Company B, Company C, and Company D, which are related parties in the project. Respective fronts of the New York branch, the Tokyo branch, and the Dubai branch update the Corporate Cards of Company B, Company C, and Company D.
(2) The front of the London branch creates a credit application in response to having received the application for financing. The front-middle of the London branch checks the format of the credit application and confirms required documents and required procedures. The front-middle of the London branch, after the checking and confirmation, updates the control card. The front-middle of the London branch asks credit department of the head office of Tokyo for approval of the credit application. The credit department of the head office reviews the credit application, determines lending terms, and approves the financing.
(3) After the approval, the front of the London branch asks the middle-back of the London branch for condition management and operation procedures. The middle-back of the London branch reviews the approved credit application and the contract documents. After the review, the middle-back of the London branch updates the control card.
(4) The middle-back of the London branch, after the review, sets a credit limit to the account of Corporation A in the London branch. A credit limit indicates the limit amount of credit (i.e., financing) to be set for the customer. Subsequently, the back of the London branch pays money into the account of Corporation A.
At S1001, the front of the London branch of the Bank 1, in response to having received an application for financing from Corporation A, may input the latest customer information to the customer information management subsystem via the bank terminal 20. The customer information management subsystem 11 may provide an application for inputting customer information. The input customer information of Corporation A may be stored the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36, in accordance with contents of the information.
The front of the London branch may input the outline of the financing desired by Corporation A to the deal information management subsystem 12. The deal information management subsystem 12 may provide an application for inputting the outline of the financing. The input information may be stored in the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, the collateral detail information 43, and the SL information 44, in accordance with contents of the information. The information stored in the credit detail information 42 and the collateral detail information 43 remains in a pending state until execution of the financing is approved. Since the third case is targeted at structured finance, the SL information 44 is used. The SL information 44 has stored therein identifiers of Company B, Company C, and Company D, which are stakeholders of the project.
The deal information management subsystem 12 may notify the fact that there has been an application for financing to the New York branch, the Tokyo branch, and the Dubai branch respectively in charge of Company B, Company C, and Company D, which are related parties in the project. In response to the notification, respective fronts of the New York branch, the Tokyo branch, and the Dubai branch may access the customer information management subsystem 11 via the bank terminal 20, and input the latest customer information of Company B, Company C, and Company D, respectively. The input customer information of Company B, Company C, and Company D may be stored in the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36, in accordance with contents of the information.
At S1002, the front of the London branch accesses the decision subsystem 14 via the bank terminal 20, and creates a credit application. The front of the London branch may optionally set a risk factor in the corporate card and the Deal information. The information acquisition unit 66 of the decision subsystem 14 may acquire the latest data associated with the credit application and stored in the customer information 31, the financial information 32, the financial analysis 33, the credit monitoring 34, the banking relationship 35, and the peer comparison 36 from the customer information management subsystem 11. The acquired data is stored in the Corporate Card 61 in the decision subsystem 14. The information acquisition unit 66 of the decision subsystem 14 may acquire the latest data associated with the credit application and stored in the Deal Profile 41, the credit detail information 42, the collateral detail information 43, and the SL information 44 from the deal information management subsystem 12. The acquired data is stored in the Deal Information 62 in the decision subsystem 14. Through the processes, the decision subsystem 14 may associate the credit application with the information of the customer and the information of financing deal at the time point of creating the credit application.
When creation of the credit application is completed (for example, after the save button is pressed), the decision subsystem 14 may transmit a signal indicating the creation of the credit application to the credit management subsystem 15. When the signal is received by the credit management subsystem 15, a control card including credit business to be performed before approval of the credit application is generated.
The front of the London branch selects, on the decision subsystem 14, a route (order) of departments and/or persons which examine the created credit application. The decision subsystem 14 may record the selected route in association with the credit application, and transfer the credit application in accordance with the route. The front-middle of the London branch may check the format of the credit application and, upon completing confirmation of the content, may register the completion of confirmation on the decision subsystem 14. After the credit application has been approved, the items “Application” and “Condition” in the control card are automatically updated from “Incomplete” to “Complete.”
At S1003, the credit department of the head office may access the decision subsystem 14 via the bank terminal 20, and approve the credit application which has been circulated thereto. The decision subsystem 14, in response to the approval of the credit application, may transmit a signal indicating the approval to the credit management subsystem 15. The credit management subsystem 15, in response to having received the signal, may acquire information of the customer from the decision subsystem 14 and store it in the Corporate Card 71, and may acquire information related to the content of financing from the deal information management subsystem 12 and store it in the Deal Information 72. The credit management subsystem 15, in accordance with the content of the approved credit application (for example, lending terms), may dynamically generate a control card including credit business to be performed after the approval of the credit application and store the generated control card in the Control Card 75. After the approval of the credit application, the front of the London branch creates a contract document in accordance with the content of the credit application. The created contract document, after having been signed, is stored in the Contract Document 65 of the decision subsystem 14. The decision subsystem 14, in response to the storing of the contract document in the Contract Document 65, transmits the content of the contract to the credit management subsystem 15, and the information of the transmitted content of the contract is stored in the Contract Information 74. With regard to the information stored in the Contract Information 74, only the information required for checking in credit business may be referred to by respective roles.
At S1004, the middle-back of the London branch reviews the approved credit application and the created contract document, and determines whether or not predetermined check items are fulfilled. The middle-back of the London branch accesses the Control Card 75 of the credit management subsystem 15, and updates the status of check items determined to be fulfilled from “Incomplete” to “Complete.” The middle-back of the London branch, after having reviewed the contract document, may set a credit limit to the account of Corporation A in the London branch. It is possible to determine the credit limit on the basis of the lending term described in the contract document.
At S1005, the back of the London branch, in accordance with information, such as the credit limit which has been set and the date and time of payment described in the contract document, performs a payment operation on the bank system 10 via the bank terminal 20. The funds based on the credit limit are paid into the account of Corporation A.
According to the present invention, the bank system 10 is capable of extracting financing deals associated with a company exhibiting a poor performance by searching Deal information or SL information on the basis of the customer ID of the company. According to the present invention, when a certain project has resulted in an enormous loss, the bank system 10 is capable of identifying related parties on the basis of the SL information, and extracting financing deals for each of the identified related parties. According to the present invention, the bank system 10 is capable of providing progress status of credit ancillary processes and therefore may perform a more effective credit management.
Although the principle of the present invention has been described above, referring to exemplary embodiments, a person skilled in the art will understand that there may be realized various embodiments with varying configuration and details without deviating from the spirit of the present invention. Although the present Description has described embodiments in which the bank system 10 includes the subsystems 11 to 15, the present invention may be applied to other embodiments. For example, as long as the bank system has the functions and the databases/files of the subsystems 11 to 15, the subsystems 11 to 15 need not be used.
The present invention may take the form of embodiments such as, for example, a system, a device, a method, a program, or a storage medium.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/003236 | 6/26/2015 | WO | 00 |
