Patent Application
20240165451
The invention relates to weightlifting apparatus and in particular, a barbell spotting apparatus constructed in such a manner as to facilitate both the vertical and horizontal free movement of a loaded barbell.
The barbell—core equipment in any resistance training exercise program—has not materially evolved since its origins. Barbell training has successfully withstood the test of time despite two core shortcomings.
First, most, if not all, barbell users require a spotter for safety. This issue is of paramount concern for fitness facility operators. This is especially true for operators whose core facility is not a gym. Currently, operators of multifamily housing, hotels and office complexes face a unique challenge when offering fitness amenities to residents and guests. The need and desire to offer 24-hour gyms fully-equipped with traditional iron pumping equipment such as free-weight barbells and dumbbells is tempered by concerns of liability, noise, space, and risk of bodily injury. This results in fitness rooms becoming watered-down “workout rooms” rather than functional gyms. Prior efforts to eliminate the need for a spotter either force the user to adapt to a predetermined plane of vertical movement and/or restrict the horizontal movement because of interference from the machine itself. At present, fitness facility operators lack an apparatus which supports unencumbered traditional, free-weight training using loaded barbells.
The second core shortcoming is that the resting place of the barbell frequently differs from the starting position of the strength building motion. For example, the bench press exercise requires a loaded barbell be lifted over the lifter's head before starting the exercise. The axis of motion for the exercise is forward of the racking position. In fact, the racking position forces the lifter to place the loaded bar behind the axis of motion. This positioning of the barbell requires hyperextending the shoulders—a common source of injury, especially for older lifters. The required positioning of the barbell before beginning the exercise is more than an inconvenience. The efforts divert energy from the core movement, decrease the maximum weight that can be lifted, and increase risk of injury. Other exercises such as deadlifts require the fitness operator to purchase, store, and maintain stands to properly position a loaded barbell at the starting point of exercise motion.
There is a need in the art for a barbell spotting apparatus which addresses the shortcomings referenced above. Provided herein are embodiments of a barbell spotting apparatus having all the benefits of a free-floating, unconstrained barbell in both the horizontal and vertical axes with the safety of a dedicated spotting mechanism, while addressing safety, noise, and space concerns raised by typical barbell apparatus. The embodiments herein permit a loaded barbell to be in a starting position in line with the axis of motion of the lift to be performed.
In accordance with an embodiment, a barbell spotting apparatus permitting free-floating movement along both vertical and horizontal planes is disclosed having a frame having spaced-apart booms extending therefrom, at least one column, and two pairs of brake shoes coupled to the at least one column. In some embodiments there are two columns, with a pair of brake shoes coupled to each column. In other embodiments there may be one or more additional columns, or no columns. Each pair of brake shoes is operably coupled to a tensioning device. First and second cables are coupled at respective first ends to respective tensioning devices and routed, such as via pulleys, to depend from the respective frame booms and are coupled at respective second ends to a barbell bar. In further embodiments, cable winders may be provided, in lieu of the brake shoes, to provide braking. Also, the frame may be trestle-shaped having a spaced-apart legs supporting an upper frame.
Apparatus disclosed herein facilitate the free movement in both the vertical and horizontal planes of a suspended barbell from any frame such that the downward movement of the barbell can be attenuated or fully and immediately stopped.
The columns include tracks, which may be for example in the form of flanged edges, extending all or part of their length to engage and/or guide the brake shoes which keep the brake shoe aligned at all times. A bearing surface extending along all or a part of the column is preferably smooth to facilitate movement of the brake shoes when the brake shoes are not actuated.
In one or more embodiments the columns are tapered along all or part of their length. For example and not by way of limitation, the columns have sides sloped outward 8° from base to top end. The taper of the columns, in combination with limitations on the maximum opening of the brake shoes by virtue of the tensioning devices, creates a certain, positive stop at any point along the path of travel without the possibility of slippage along the columns. This is an improvement over the traditional “tooth and groove” apparatus which permits stopping only at distinct, discrete predefined points.
In certain other embodiments, the columns include a mechanical stop positioned to prevent the brake shoes from travelling beyond a certain height. The mechanical stop may be adjustable, such as but not limited to a series of openings at various heights through which a pin may be removably inserted. In still further embodiments, a mechanical stop may include a tapered mechanical stop column operably engaged to a further brake shoe assembly coupled to an adjustment handle. In this embodiment the tapered mechanical stop column allows the user to set the adjustable handle at any point along the path of travel. The user is not forced to select predefined, discrete points which may prove suboptimal. In the extremely unlikely event that a solenoid becomes stuck in the open, unbraked position, the mechanical stop will arrest downward movement beyond the set point selected by the user.
In certain embodiments utilizing the frame booms the aggregate weight of the column or columns may be in the range of from about 1,000-3,000 pounds. For example, in embodiments having two columns, each column may weigh from about 500 to about 1,500 pounds. In other embodiments each column weighs about 1,000 pounds. The weight and positioning of the columns in a rear portion of the frame permits the frame booms to extend well beyond the frame legs. For example, the frame booms may extend as far as three to six feet or more from the closest column. In a further embodiment the column or columns may be configured to be filled with water or sand to provide weight thereto. This allows for lighter-weight construction and transportation. With on-site filling of water or sand, the weight of the column or columns is increased to provide the desired level of counterweight.
The frame and column arrangement facilitates both the vertical and horizontal free movement of a barbell suspended from an overhead extension positioned a considerable distance from the main structure of the frame. Positioning of the column(s) provide(s) a counterweight able to withstand safe operation without anchorage to the prevailing grade. The considerable distance from the frame permits the user to interact with the barbell on both a vertical and horizontal plane in a free-floating manner without interference from the frame. The frame booms may be positioned at such height from the prevailing grade as to permit overhead movement of the loaded barbell above the user's head. Moreover, the weight of the column or columns acts as a counterweight in allowing the barbell to move forward of the frame booms, with moment generated by the weight of the barbell about the frame booms being counteracted by the weight of the columns. The unique construction of the frame permits this apparatus to provide a true free-weight experience. In addition, the unique construction avoids the need for fastening the apparatus to the ground or floor; an advantage for facilities which lease space.
Tensioning devices may be any suitable tensioning device, such as but not limited to a brake fork, friction brake, cable winder, etc.
In one embodiment the first cable may be routed from the tensioning device coupled to the brake shoe pair positioned at a front side of the frame through a series of sheaves or pulleys so that it extends from one frame boom and downward to be coupled to a barbell bar. The second cable may be routed from the second tensioning device coupled to the brake shoe pair positioned at a rear side of the frame through a series of sheaves or pulleys so that it extends from one frame boom and downward to be coupled to the barbell bar. The first and second cables are coupled to the barbell bar in a spaced-apart configuration so as not to interfere with the grip of a lifter. For example, the couplings may be located at or near the barbell collars.
Any suitable barbell such as but not limited to a conventional, unmodified Olympic or powerlifting barbell can be used in conjunction with the disclosed spotting apparatus.
The brake shoes are operably coupled to a brake actuator which may be pneumatic, hydraulic, motorized, or the like. The brake actuator may be mounted to one brake shoe of each brake shoe pair, and triggered by one or more sensors operable to detect one or more qualifying conditions, such as but not limited to: 1. a voice command; 2. a rate of descent that exceeds a predetermined downward velocity or acceleration of the barbell; 3. uneven ascent or descent of the barbell beyond a predetermined set point; 4. a time period of no movement; 5. eye or eyelid movement; 6. pressing of an emergency stop button; and, 7. detectable removal of a hand from the barbell. The brake actuator may be operably coupled to a solenoid which is coupled to one or more sensors for detecting any of the qualifying conditions.
In some embodiments the brake actuator is a pneumatic cylinder having a shaft extending therefrom and terminating in a ball transfer unit. The brake actuator is coupled to a pneumatic directional control solenoid valve. In one embodiment, the pneumatic cylinder in a resting, or unactuated, state urges the shaft against a bearing surface of the column, maintaining the pair of brake shoes in an unbraked state, disengaged from the column. In an unactuated state, the ball of the ball transfer unit permits a smooth rolling coupling between the column bearing surface and the shaft of the pneumatic cylinder. When the brake actuator is actuated, the shaft is retracted, engaging the brake shoes with the column, preventing downward movement of the barbell. This is an improvement over the traditional “tooth and groove” apparatus which permits stopping only at distinct, discrete predefined points.
One or more sensors or detectors operably coupled to the brake actuators, for example via a controller and solenoid, can be mounted to the frame in position to detect a qualifying condition requiring braking. For example, and not by way of limitation, one or more microphones may be positioned to receive a voice command or utterance. One or more eye or eyelid motion readers may be positioned on the apparatus. One or more accelerometers may be positioned to detect free-fall of one or both ends of the barbell. Cable counters may be positioned on both the left and right load bearing cables to detect an unduly rapid descent or an uneven ascent or descent as determined by a processor in evaluating the difference in readings between the left and right load bearing cables as measured by cable counters. One or more emergency stop buttons operably coupled to the brake actuators may be positioned on the frame.
In some embodiments, the cylindrical surface of the bar between the collars contains a grip sensor. Any suitable barbell grip sensor and/or sensor system may be employed, including but not limited to those disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,537,182 and 6,749,538, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. A topcoat may be applied to the sensor material making the surface waterproof and offering very similar tactile properties to the native surface of an unmodified barbell. A particularly suitable grip sensor which utilizes a topcoat is found in co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/895,759, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. In embodiments which employ a grip sensor, the sensor is operably coupled to the solenoid as well as a visual control system.
In practice, with embodiments utilizing the brake shoes, when the apparatus is at rest, the downward force of the barbell is transmitted through the cable and pulleys, exerting a force tightening the tensioning device which in turn presses the brake shoes firmly against the column(s). The brake shoes are engaged. In the event pneumatic or hydraulic pressure or electrical power is lost, the brake shoes will engage and the downward movement of the barbell will halt.
In certain embodiments the apparatus includes cable winders which permit the barbell to be raised or lowered to a selected position. In these embodiments, with the apparatus at rest, the cable winders resist downward movement of the barbell.
In certain embodiments a barbell spotting apparatus is provided for exercise with unconstrained movement of a barbell, the barbell spotting apparatus including: a frame; a first cable guide supported by the frame to be movable in multiple axes relative thereto; a second cable guide supported by the frame to be movable in multiple axes relative thereto; a first cable connected to a first end of the barbell, the first cable being suspended from the first cable guide such that the first cable is movable in multiple axes in response to movement of the first end of the barbell; a second cable connected to a second of the barbell, the second cable being suspended from the second cable guide such that the second cable is movable in multiple axes in response to movement of the second end of the barbell; a first brake associated with the first cable, the first brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the first cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the first cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the barbell; a second brake associated with the second cable, the second brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the second cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the second cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the first cable; and, at least one detector configured to detect a qualifying condition during use requiring downward movement of the barbell to be restricted, wherein, upon detection of a qualifying condition, the at least one detector transmits an actuation signal to at least one of the first brake and the second brake, wherein, the first and second brakes are independently actuatable.
In certain embodiments a barbell spotting apparatus is provided for exercise with unconstrained movement of a barbell, the barbell spotting apparatus including: a frame; a first cable, suspended from the frame, connected to a first end of the barbell; a second cable, suspended from the frame, connected to a second of the barbell; a first brake associated with the first cable, the first brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the first cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the first cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the barbell; a second brake associates with the second cable, the second brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the second cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the second cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the first cable; and, at least one detector configured to detect a qualifying condition during use requiring movement of the barbell to be restricted, wherein, upon detection of a qualifying condition, the at least one detector transmits an actuation signal to at least one of the first brake and the second brake, wherein, with the first and second brakes being each in the rest state, the first and second cables allow the barbell to move in multiple degrees of freedom relative to the frame without contacting the frame, and, wherein, the first and second brakes are independently actuatable.
In certain embodiments a barbell spotting apparatus is provided for exercise with unconstrained movement of a barbell, the barbell spotting apparatus including: a frame having an elongated trolley support frame; a first trolley resting on the trolley support frame so as to be movable therealong; a second trolley resting on the trolley support frame so as to be movable therealong; a first cable connected to a first end of the barbell, the first cable being suspended from the first trolley; a second cable connected to a second of the barbell, the second cable being suspended from the second trolley; a first brake associated with the first cable, the first brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the first cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the first cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the barbell; a second brake associated with the second cable, the second brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the second cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the second cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the first cable; and, at least one detector configured to detect a qualifying condition during use requiring downward movement of the barbell to be restricted, wherein, upon detection of a qualifying condition, the at least one detector transmits an actuation signal to at least one of the first brake and the second brake, wherein, the first and second brakes are independently actuatable.
In certain embodiments a barbell spotting apparatus is provided for exercise with unconstrained movement of a barbell, the barbell spotting apparatus including: a frame including first and second overhanging booms; a first fork being pivotably mounted to the first boom; a second fork being pivotably mounted to the second boom; a first cable connected to a first end of the barbell, the first cable being suspended from the first fork; a second cable connected to a second of the barbell, the second cable being suspended from the second fork; a first brake associated with the first cable, the first brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the first cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the first cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the barbell; a second brake associated with the second cable, the second brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the second cable is extendible to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the second cable is not extendible to restrict downward movement of the first cable; and, at least one detector configured to detect a qualifying condition during use requiring downward movement of the barbell to be restricted, wherein, upon detection of a qualifying condition, the at least one detector transmits an actuation signal to at least one of the first brake and the second brake, wherein, the first and second brakes are independently actuatable.
In certain embodiments a barbell spotting apparatus is provided for exercise with unconstrained movement of a barbell, the barbell spotting apparatus including: a frame; a first cable connected to a first end of the barbell, the first cable being suspended from the frame; a second cable connected to a second of the barbell, the second cable being suspended from the frame; a rotatable first dual drum winch having first and second drums connected so as to rotate together, the first drum having a different diameter from the second drum, wherein the first cable is connected to the first drum; a rotatable second dual drum winch having first and second drums connected so as to rotate together, the first drum having a different diameter from the second drum, wherein the second cable is connected to the second drum; a first brake connected to the second drum of the first dual drum winch by a third cable, the first brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the third cable is free to move to allow the first dual drum winch to pay out the first cable to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the third cable is not free to move restricting the first dual drum winch from paying out the first cable to restrict downward movement of the barbell; a second brake connected to the second drum of the second dual drum winch by a fourth cable, the second brake being actuatable from a rest state to a braking state, wherein, in the rest state, the fourth cable is free to move to allow the second dual drum winch to pay out the second cable to allow downward movement of the barbell, and, wherein, in the braking state, the fourth cable is not free to move restricting the second dual drum winch from paying out the second cable to restrict downward movement of the barbell; and, at least one detector configured to detect a qualifying condition during use requiring downward movement of the barbell to be restricted, wherein, upon detection of a qualifying condition, the at least one detector transmits an actuation signal to at least one of the first brake and the second brake, wherein, the first and second brakes are independently actuatable.
The weightlifter may interact with the barbell in the same manner as a conventional barbell. No accommodation or compromise is needed on the lifter's part. The weightlifter can perform any exercise involving vertical or horizontal movement of a conventional barbell, allowing for free movement of the barbell with multiple degrees of freedom. Exercises include but are not limited to squats, bench press, shoulder press, overhead press, leg thrusts, curls, etc. In addition, the overhead reach of the frame permits CrossFit™ exercises. The barbell is free to move both horizontally and vertically; the barbell is not affixed to a track. The barbell is suspended a substantial distance from the frame of the apparatus. This arrangement permits fluidity of movement. The machine conforms to the weightlifter, instead of the weightlifter conforming to the machine. A significant advantage is that the weightlifter starts the exercise with the loaded barbell in position to execute the productive, beneficial movement. For example, a bench presser can position themselves so that there is no need to extend the shoulders behind the head to position the weights and then begin the exercise. Similarly, the weightlifter ends the exercise at the natural conclusion of the productive movement, there is no need to re-rack the barbell or drop the loaded barbell on the floor. In addition, the apparatus of the subject invention provides for spotting for a person in a wheelchair or other disability, allowing for the barbell to be brought to a desired height for an exercise and suspension of the barbell at a height upon completion.
For the purposes of illustration, there are forms shown in the drawings that are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown. In the drawings, the relative sizes of regions or features may be exaggerated for clarity. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “coupled” or “connected” to another element, it can be directly coupled or connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly coupled” or “directly connected” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the FIGs. With reference to
Tensioning devices 50a, 50b as shown are in the form of a fork. Other tensioning devices such as but not limited to climbing brakes may be employed applying the same principle of operation, When the apparatus is at rest, the downward force of the barbell 100 is transmitted through the cables 70a, 70b and pulleys, exerting a force tightening the tensioning devices 50a, 50b which in turn press the brake shoes 30a, 30b and 32a, 32b firmly against the respective columns 20a, 20b, preventing downward movement of the barbell 100. The brake shoes 30a, 30b and the brake shoes 32a, 32b are each configured as a caliper brake, configured to apply inward pressure.
The columns 20a, 20b are preferably identical in configuration. For purposes of brevity the following exemplary description of column 20a and its relationship and configuration with respect to brake shoes 30a, 30b applies equally to column 20b and its brake shoes 32a, 32b. With further reference to
In one or more embodiments the columns 20a, 20b are tapered along all or part of their length. For example and not by way of limitation, the columns 20a, 20b have sides sloped outward 8° from base to top end. The taper of the columns 20a, 20b, in combination with limitations on the maximum opening of the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b by virtue of the tensioning devices 50a, 50b, creates a certain stop without the possibility of slippage along the columns 20a, 20b.
The columns 20a, 20b may be made of any suitable material. Preferably, the columns 20a, 20b weigh several times the range of weight anticipated to be used for exercise (i.e., the weight of the barbell 100 plus any weight (plates) mounted thereto). This allows for a counterweight effect with, not only a margin of safety, but also freedom to move ahead of the booms 12a, 12b, with any resulting increased moment being counteracted. In certain embodiments, and not by way of limitation, the aggregate weight of the columns 20a, 20b may be in the range of from about 1,000-3,000 pounds. For example, in embodiments having two columns, each column 20a, 20b may weigh from about 500 to about 1,500 pounds. In other embodiments each column 20a, 20b weighs about 1,000 pounds. In such embodiments the weight and positioning of the columns 20a, 20b in a rear portion of the frame permits the frame booms 12a, 12b to extend well beyond columns 20a, 20b and the rest of the supporting structures of the frame 10. For example, the frame booms 12a, 12b may extend as far as three to six feet from the closest column 20a. The arrangement of the frame 100 and columns 20a, 20b facilitates both the vertical and horizontal free movement of a barbell 100 suspended from an overhead extension positioned a considerable distance from the main structure of the frame. Placement of the columns 20a, 20b provides a counterweight able to withstand safe operation without anchorage to the prevailing grade. The considerable distance from the frame 10 permits the user to interact with the barbell 100 without interference from the frame 10. Moreover, the distance permits a user to face the apparatus 2 during lifting, allowing the user to see the apparatus and at least some of its safety features, and allowing the various sensors to detect user input as described below.
Any suitable barbell 100 such as but not limited to a conventional, unmodified Olympic or powerlifting barbell can be used in conjunction with the disclosed spotting apparatus.
The apparatus may include one or more cable winders 110a, 110b, which may be operably coupled to a switch 170. The cable winders 110a, 110b may be for example electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motors, each having a pulley coupled to cables 70a, 70b, respectively. In the exemplary embodiments shown in
With further reference to
In the non-limiting embodiments shown the brake actuators 40a, 40b are pneumatic cylinders operably coupled to solenoid blocks 41a, 41b, respectively. In accordance with one embodiment, electrical cables 45 operably couple solenoid blocks 41a, 41b to a processor, which in turn may be coupled to a sensor or switch. Solenoid blocks 41a, 41b may be positioned in any suitable location, such as but not limited to adjacent or on one brake shoe of each pair.
The solenoid blocks 41a, 41b may include one or more valves for controlling flow of compressed air supplied via air lines 43. Suitable commercially available pneumatic cylinders include but are not limited to D-series heavy duty pneumatic cylinders from Nitra Pneumatics of Cumming, GA. The solenoid blocks 41a, 41b may be and/or include any suitable commercially available pneumatic control valve(s), such as but not limited to an AVS-5 series pneumatic directional control solenoid valve from Nitra Pneumatics, or the like. One skilled in the art will recognize the type of valves and solenoids employed in solenoid blocks 41a, 41b may depend on space considerations, load demand, etc. The solenoid blocks 41a, 41b are coupled via hoses 43 to a pneumatic control box 80a and in some cases an electrical power source and control box 80b via electrical lines 45 to operate the valve(s) thereof.
Brake actuator 40a includes a shaft 42a extending therefrom and terminating in a ball transfer unit 44a. In a resting, unactuated state, shaft 42a extends from brake shoe actuator 40a, urging a ball transfer unit 44a against a bearing surface 24 of the column 20a, maintaining the pair of brake shoes 30a, 30b in an unbraked state, disengaged from the column 20a. In an unactuated state, the ball of the ball transfer unit 44a permits a smooth rolling coupling between the column bearing surface 24 and the shaft 42a. When the brake actuator 40a is actuated, the shaft 42a is retracted, engaging the brake shoes 30a, 30b with the column 20a, preventing downward movement of the barbell 100.
The control boxes 80a, 80b may be any suitable control boxes, and include suitable controls. For example with reference to
In some embodiments, control box 80a houses pneumatic equipment, and may serve as a junction box for receiving supplied air and distributing it to pneumatic components. With reference to
One or more sensors or detectors can be mounted to the frame 10 in position to detect conditions which trigger actuation of the brake actuators 40a, 40b. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, some or all of the sensors and switches disclosed herein may be powered via any suitable power source, such as but not limited to a battery, AC or DC power source. In addition, it will be recognized the sensors and switches may be coupled to a processor/control box either by wired or wireless connection. It will be further recognized that different embodiments of the apparatus 2 may include a variety of sensor combinations, and need not include each type of sensor. For example, and not by way of limitation, plural sensors of the same type, more than one type of sensor, only one type of sensor, etc. may be employed. In some embodiments there may be no sensors.
One or more microphones, e.g., microphones 140a, 140b and/or 140c, may be positioned to receive a voice command or utterance. The processor associated with the microphones can be programmed with a “safe” word for example. When the microphone detects the safe word, the processor signals the solenoids 41a, 41b to actuate the brake actuators 40a, 40b. In the event that multiple apparatus are in use at the same venue, the processor is programmable so the fitness operator can set a unique “safe word” for each apparatus. Suitable commercially available microphones include for example a DA-350 Auto Array microphone from Andrea Electronics of Bohemia, NY. The microphone can be coupled to a signal processor such as but not limited to a DA-250Q Stereo Array Microphone Digital Signal Processor available from Andrea Electronics.
With further reference to
By way of further example, one or more eye or eyelid motion readers such as but not limited to cameras 130a, 130b, 130c may be positioned in strategic positions on the apparatus to detect a blink, series of blinks, eye movement pattern or the like. For example, with reference to
One or more accelerometers 150a, 150b may be positioned to detect free-fall of one or both ends of the barbell 100. With reference to
One or more reflective optical sensors 600 may be positioned below any of the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b, as shown in
Cable counters 83a, 83b coupled to a cable counter processor are operably coupled to respective cables 70a, 70b to detect an unduly rapid descent or an uneven ascent or descent. For example, the cable counter processor may be programmed with a pre-set limit on the rate of change of one or both of the cable counters, a predetermined limit on the acceptable difference in readings between the cables 70a, 70b, a predetermined limit on a period of non-movement of the barbell, etc. When the cable counter processor detects a limit or condition has been met or exceeded, the processor signals the solenoids 41a, 41b to actuate the brake actuators 40a, 40b. Suitable commercially available cable counters include for example an LR 300 wire length counter available from Taymer America, Inc. of Claremont, NC. The bale counter may be coupled to a signal processor such as but not limited to a PLC controller available from Taymer America, Inc.
Emergency stop buttons 160a, 160b may be coupled to an emergency stop processor to signal the solenoids 41a, 41b to actuate the brake actuators 40a, 40b. Alternatively the emergency stop buttons 160a may be configured to immediately cut power or compressed air supply to the apparatus. Suitable emergency stop buttons include but are not limited to a mushroom head push button, Model No. 10250T17213-53 commercially available from Eaton Corporation plc of Dublin, Ireland.
In some embodiments, the cylindrical surface of the bar 102 between the collars contains a grip sensor 104. Any suitable barbell grip sensor and/or sensor system may be employed, including but not limited to those disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,537,182, 6,749,538, and co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/895,759, and which are incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties. A topcoat may be applied to the sensor material making the surface waterproof and offering very similar tactile properties to the native surface of an unmodified barbell. In embodiments which employ a grip sensor, the sensor is operably coupled to the solenoid as well as a visual control system.
In practice, when the apparatus 2 is at rest, the downward force of the barbell 100 is transmitted through the cables 70a, 70b and pulleys, exerting a force tightening the tensioning devices 50a, 50b which in turn presses the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b firmly against the column 20a, 20b and the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b are engaged.
In one or more embodiments, the apparatus includes indicator lights 82a, 82b, which may be integrated in control boxes 80a, 80b, respectively, operably linked to one or more of the sensors 104, 130a-c, or 140a-c. Indicator lights 82a, 82b may be LED lights or the like. Indicator lights 82a, 82b may be provided with optics to direct or throw light in particular area, such as the floor under the barbell 100. The weightlifter approaches the machine and addresses the barbell 100. As one of the sensors 104, 130a-c, or 140a-c detects a pre-programmed signal, the right and left side indicator lights 82a, 82b illuminate a preset color (for example, red). The red LED indicator confirms that the brake mechanism is engaged and downward movement of the barbell is restricted. For example, one of the microphones 140a, 140b, 140c may detect a command that matches a pre-programmed code (e.g., a pre-programmed code word) for a ready state, resulting in red illumination of indicator lights 82a, 82b. By way of further example, as the grip sensor 104 detects the presence of a hand on the right side of the barbell 100, indicator lights 82a, 82b illuminate red. At this point, the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b are engaged. The brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b in the engaged state allow the loaded barbell 100 to move up if pushed by the weightlifter but the barbell 100 cannot move downward.
As the weightlifter pushes the load up a predetermined distance, such as but not limited to 3 inches, the indicator lights 82a, 82b change to a different color. For example they may turn yellow. This indicates that the barbell 100 is under the control of a user, permitted to move up but not down, and that the apparatus will disengage the brake system after the barbell 100 has moved upward the predetermined distance. The lifting of the barbell 100 causes the tensioning devices 50a, 50b to be relieved of the force imparted by the barbell 100. During this initial interaction with the barbell 100, i.e., during the predetermined upward movement of the barbell 100, the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b remain engaged thus permitting the barbell 100 to move higher but not lower.
After the predetermined distance of upward movement is exceeded, the indicator lights 82a, 82b change to a different color than the previous two colors. For example, they may turn green. At this point, the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b are disengaged and the barbell 100 is permitted to move freely—both up and down. Because the resting, unactuated state of the brake actuators 40a, 40b is engaged and unpowered, in the event of an electrical or pneumatic malfunction, the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b will engage. As an added redundancy, the apparatus may include a mechanical safety stop which prevents the downward movement of the barbell 100 below a user determined set-point.
As the weightlifter performs the exercises and maintains control of the bar, the indicator lights 82a, 82b remain illuminated green and the brakes are disengaged. The brakes remain disengaged and the barbell is permitted to move freely until one or more “qualifying conditions” is met, which, as used herein, includes, but is not limited to one or more of 1) a voice command is issued, 2) the rate of descent exceeds a predetermined speed as measured by either a cable counter or accelerometer or reflective optical sensor, 3) the cable counters detect an uneven ascent or descent of the barbell beyond a predetermined set point, 4) a period of no movement of the barbell, which may be detected by the cable counters for example, 5) the user signals the apparatus using a movement of eyes or eyelids, 6) the pressing of a frame-mounted emergency stop button, or 7) if so equipped with a grip sensor, when the weightlifter removes a substantial portion of his or her hand from the barbell 100. When any of the qualifying conditions are met, the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b engage. “Removal of a substantial portion of the hand” is a predefined condition that may be for example but not by way of limitation an event in which the grip sensor detects a 5% reduction of a hand on the gripped surface. At the point when the qualifying condition is met, the brake actuators 40a, 40b retract the shafts 42a, and the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b are pressed into the columns 20a, 20b. The indicator lights 82a, 82b illuminate red.
With the end of an exercise, the user may remove his or her hands from the bar 102 completely. With removal of the hands as a qualifying condition, the brake shoes 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b are caused to engage with the barbell 100 being suspended in that position. Thus, there is no need to re-rack the barbell 100. Advantageously, when the productive portion of the exercise ends, so can the movement. This reduces the possibility of injuries and adds to comfort and convenience. For example, hyperextension of the shoulder, a common weightlifting-related injury, may be avoided, since a lifter does not need to lift the barbell 100 by reaching or arching outside of a normal exercise movement. The indicator lights 82a, 82b remain red and indicate that the braking mechanism is engaged and the barbell 100 is safely suspended. The cycle is complete and the apparatus is ready for the next user.
The following exemplary code is useable to evaluate the qualifying conditions. This code presupposes inclusion of a grip sensor 104. However, a grip sensor is not necessary. If a grip sensor is not used, revise <<GripCurrent>5>> to <<GripCurrent>−1>>.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other algorithms and code could be employed to evaluate one or more of the qualifying conditions.
Now referring to
With reference to
Now referring to
One end of cable 70a may extend from the barbell bar 102 of barbell 100 and be routed through pulleys the first drum 113a, while the other end of cable 70a may extend from the tensioning device 50b and routed via a series of pulleys to the second drum 113b. Similarly, cable 70b may be coupled at a first end to tensioning device 50a and routed via pulleys to the second drum 113b of dual drum winch 111b, and the other end of cable 70b may extend from the barbell bar 102 of barbell 100 to the first drum 113a of dual drum winch 111b.
As shown in
Those skilled in the art will recognize cables 70a, 70b may each be a single cable spooled on both drums of respective dual drum winches 111a, 111b. Preferably, as shown in
The dual drum winches 111a, 111b help ensure adequate tension exists on the cables 70a, 70b such that the brake assemblies function responsively. The drums of each dual drum winch may be grooved or smooth, and may have the same or different diameters. When the cable winders 110a, 110b are not engaged, for example, when the lifter is in control of the barbell, the cable winders 110a, 110b coast, allow the dual drum winches 111a, 111b to rotate freely, so that the cables 70a, 70b move freely, adding de minimis resistance and providing no assistance to the lifter. In the embodiments shown, the cable winders 110a, 110b are operably coupled to solenoid blocks 141a and 141b. Pneumatic power may be applied to the cable winders 110a, 110b via the solenoid blocks 141a, 141b to lift the barbell 100 under command of a lifter, or other user, to a desirable height for the start of an exercise or to a desired at-rest height awaiting further use. Suitable double drum winch assemblies are commercially available for example from Electrolift of Clifton, N.J.
The solenoid blocks 141a, 141b may be any suitable commercially available pneumatic valve manifold such as but are not limited to AVS-5 Series pneumatic directional control solenoid valves from Nitra Pneumatics.
The booms 12a, 12b may be modified to be angularly adjustable. Embodiments of the barbell spotting apparatus 2 may include booms 180a, 180b extending from an upper part of the frame 10 and forks 190a, 190b coupled to the booms 180a, 180b, respectively. The booms 180a, 180b may be any suitable construction. In one embodiment the booms 180a, 180b are tubular to accommodate the passage therethrough of cables 70a, 70b. The booms 180a, 180b may include cable guides 184. The angle of the booms 180a, 180b relative to the frame 10 may be varied to accommodate space and/or user requirement. Frame 10 may include mounting plates 186a, 186b each having a plurality of holes 188a, 188b, respectively. Booms 180a, 180b, other than being left and right hand versions of the same apparatus, have the same features, as do mounting plates 186a, 186b, so for purposes of brevity the following description of boom 180a and mounting plate 186a applies equally to boom 180b and mounting plate 186b. The boom 180a may include a mounting flange 182a with mounting apertures 183a. Boom 180a may be fixed at a desired angle relative to frame 10 by aligning selected mounting apertures 183a of mounting plate 186a with selected holes 188a of mounting flange 182a and securing the mounting flange 182a to the mounting plate 186a with fasteners such as bolts, screws or the like. Any number of mounting apertures 183a and holes 188a may be present to provide multiple angle possibilities. Boom 180a may include a mounting plate 184 with a plurality of apertures 185a so that the angle of the extension fork 190a may be adjusted.
The adjustable booms 180a, 180b permit the height of the frame 10 to be reduced without sacrificing range of movement for the lifter. For example, and not by way of limitation, the frame 10 in the embodiments shown in
With the booms 180a, 180b angled upward to the desired height, the frame 10 and columns can be shorter, for example, 8 feet in height, and still provide a usable range of motion from 8 feet up to 11 or even-12 feet, allowing even the tallest lifters, including those having a standing overhead reach of 10.5 feet, to utilize the apparatus. For context, an individual who stands 6.5 feet tall with a 3 standard deviation arm length would have a standing reach of 9 feet 1 inch. Therefore, the overwhelming majority of users can enjoy the full range of overhead motion using the barbell spotting apparatus in places where ceilings are as low as 10 feet, which is extremely common in commercial construction. Facilities which have ceiling heights of just 9 feet will be able to provide users 8.75 feet of overhead motion. Of course, only a few barbell exercises require full overhead extension; thus, athletes taller than 6 feet 2 inches can still perform all other movements with full functionality of the apparatus.
Now referring to
The embodiment of
Now referring to
For purposes of brevity the following description with respect to extension fork 190a applies equally to extension fork 190b. The extension fork 190a is pivotably coupled to the boom 180a as described above. The sled assembly 280 includes axles 293 and 295 coupled to each other with brackets 294, 296. Axle 293 includes a pulley 292, brake disc 310 and toothed wheels 323, all of which are keyed to the axle 293 so they rotate with rotation of the axle. Axle 295 includes a secondary pulley 297, brake calipers 300 and toothed wheels 323. The wheels 323 on axle 295 rotate freely on the axle, which does not rotate. The toothed wheels 323 on both axles engage toothed tracks 320 positioned in each of the fork arms 191 through channels 321. Cable 70a extends over pulley 192 and pulley 292 to a barbell bar (not shown). Secondary pulley 297 prevents cable 70a from disengaging from pulley 292. Pulley 292 acts a cable guide from which cable 70a is suspended. Brake calipers 300 are operable to engage the brake disc 310 upon a triggering event, preventing rotation of the disc 310 and axle 293 and halting movement of the sled assembly 280 in either direction. The toothed wheels 323 and toothed tracks 320 are robust enough to prevent the sled assembly 280 from sliding when the brake calipers 300 are engaged. Suitable toothed wheels include but are not limited to spur gears commercially available from KH USA of Mineola, NY. Suitable toothed tracks include but are not limited to gear racks commercially available from KH USA. Brake calipers 300 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. Suitable brake calipers include but are not limited to P20 pneumatic brake calipers commercially available from Tolomatic, Inc. of Hamel, MN. In the embodiment, shown, the brake calipers 300 are pneumatically coupled to a solenoid block 141d, which in turn is pneumatically coupled to control box 80a and electrically coupled to the control box 80b. As with other braking devices disclosed herein, the brake calipers 300 may be triggered by a switch or detection by a sensor operable to detect one or more of the qualifying conditions, such as but not limited to a voice command, detection of a predetermined downward velocity or acceleration of the barbell, uneven barbell movement, a time period of no movement, eye or eyelid movement, emergency stop switch, or the like. Likewise, release of the brake caliper 300 may accomplished using a switch or sensor. For example, and not by way of limitation, the resting state of the sled 280 may be immobile, with the brake calipers 300 engaged with the brake disc 310 to prevent any movement of the sled 280. A triggering event such as but not limited to upward movement of greater than a predetermined distance, e.g., 3 inches, activation by a switch, etc. triggers release of the brake calipers 300, allowing free reciprocal movement of the sled 280. A further triggering event, such as but not limited to a sudden drop of the weight, activation of a switch such as an emergency stop button, uneven descent, etc. will cause the brake calipers 300 to engage the brake disc 310 to immobilize the sled 280.
In some embodiments, one or both of the extension fork 190a, 190b may further include a pneumatic cylinder 350 pneumatically coupled to the solenoid valve block 141d. The pneumatic cylinder 350 includes an extension rod 352 coupled to bracket 294. The pneumatic cylinder 350 is actuated by a switch electrically coupled to the control box 80b to move the sled assembly 280 to a desired position. Suitable switches include but are not limited to a four-way joystick switch commercially available from Eaton Corporation.
Now referring to
Now referring to
In the embodiment, shown, the brake calipers 300 are pneumatically coupled to a solenoid block 141d, which in turn is pneumatically coupled to control box 80a and electrically coupled to the control box 80b. The solenoid block 141d may be mounted to the sled 280, for example, to bracket 294, so that it moves along with the sled 280. As with other braking devices disclosed herein, the brake calipers 300 may be triggered by a switch or detection by a sensor operable to detect one or more of the qualifying conditions, such as but not limited to a voice command, detection of a predetermined downward velocity or acceleration of the barbell, uneven barbell movement, a time period of no movement, eye or eyelid movement, emergency stop switch, or the like. Likewise, release of the brake caliper 300 may accomplished using a switch or sensor. For example, and not by way of limitation, the resting state of the sled 280 may be immobile, with the brake calipers 300 engaged with the brake disc 310 to prevent any movement of the sled 280. A triggering event such as but not limited to upward movement of greater than a predetermined distance, e.g., 3 inches, activation by a switch, etc. triggers release of the brake calipers 300, allowing free reciprocal movement of the sled 280. A further triggering event, such as but not limited to a sudden drop of the weight, activation of a switch such as an emergency stop button, uneven descent, etc. will cause the brake calipers 300 to engage the brake disc 310 to immobilize the sled 280.
Each trolley 430 is mounted to the trolley support frame 400 by virtue of the engagement of wheels 444, 446 and 448 on one side of the trolley support frame 400 and wheels 450 and 452 on the opposite side of the trolley support frame 400. The wheels 444, 446, 448, 450 and 452 may be any suitable wheel such as but not limited to a V-grooved track wheel or caster commercially available for example from Hamilton Caster of Hamilton, OH. Wheel guides 402 are configured to fit in grooves of the wheels 444, 446, 448, 450 and 452 such that the wheels are guided along the trolley support frame 400. As shown the wheel guides 402 are only visible on the top surface of the trolley support frame 400, but one skilled in the art will recognize wheel guides are present on the bottom surface (opposite the top surface) of the trolley support frame 400 to engage wheels 444 of the trolleys 430. The trolleys 430 are independently freely movable along the trolley support frame 400. In some embodiments one or both of the trolleys 430 may include a bottom wheel bracket assembly 440 at each end of the trolley(s) 430. Trolley support frame 400 may include stops (not shown) positioned at the ends of the wheel guides 402.
The following are some exemplary arrangements.
The brake columns are 8 feet tall and the maximum range of vertical motion is 12 feet for the barbell; the ratio of these distances is (8 feet/12 feet)=0.67.
Each of the two cable winders is set-up such that the double drum winch has drums of two different diameters. The grooved drum assembly coupled by cable to the brake assembly has a diameter of about 67% of that of the grooved drum assembly coupled by cable to the barbell.
Booms may be coupled to the frame at the below angles for the following situations:
In any of the embodiments utilizing the booms (whether adjustable or not), one or more of the columns 20a, 20b, 20c may be filled with sand or water to provided additional weight in the respective column(s). This creates a counterweight effect against the barbell 100. It is preferred that sufficient counterweight be provided to allow barbell 100 to be suspended in front of the booms for free movement of the barbell 100. The resulting moment is counteracted by the counterweight effect of the column(s) 20a, 20b, 20c.
Now referring to
The frame 10 may include one or more cameras 130a, 130b, microphones 140 and/or LED lights 82 positioned thereon as described hereinabove.
A first pair of brake shoes 30a, 30b are coupled to column 20a and second pair of brakes shoes 32a, 32b are coupled to column 20b as described above. Brake shoes 30a, 30b are coupled to a first end of tensioning device 50a, and brake shoes 32a, 32b are coupled to a first end of tensioning device 50b. Cable 70a is coupled at a first end to tensioning device 50b and routed via cable winder 110a through a series of pulleys 500, 510, 520 and 530 positioned on a first trolley 430 positioned on the trolley support frame 400 proximal to the column 20b, and coupled at a second end to a barbell bar 102 of barbell 100. Cable 70b is coupled at a first end to tensioning device 50a and routed via cable winder 110b through a series of pulleys 500, 510, 520 and 530 positioned on a second trolley 430 positioned on the trolley support frame 400 proximal to the column 20a, and coupled at a second end to a barbell bar 102 of barbell 100. The cables 70a, 70b are coupled to the barbell bar 102 in a spaced-apart configuration so as not to interfere with the grip of a lifter. The cable winders 110a, 110b may be provided with the dual drum winches 111a, 111b in the same manner as described above, including with the cables 70a, 70b being in multiple portions.
With reference to
One or more switches 170 may be operably coupled to the cable winders 110a, 110b and/or the solenoid blocks 141d to move the trolleys 430 and/or sleds 280 to desired positions. The apparatus may include emergency stop buttons 160a and 160b.
Columns 20c are each positioned adjacent columns 20a and 20b. Columns 20c are operable to provide a mechanical stop assembly as described above with respect to
Though not shown, the embodiments in
With reference to
As shown in
One or both of the brakes 330a, 330b may be caused to be activated with at least one of the qualifying conditions calling for braking, as discussed above, is met. The same sensors may be used. In this embodiment, the cable winders 110a, 110b provide the braking, thus, obviating the need for the brakes 33a, 33b or columns 20a, 20b, or 20c. The cable winders 110a, 110b, during normal operation, are configured to take up and pay out the cables 70a, 70b. During normal use, the cable winders 110a, 110b will coast, not providing any advantage to a lifter. Upon a qualifying condition being met, one or both of the brakes 330a, 330b is activated to cause the respective brake disc 340a, 340b to stop rotating in limiting the cables 70a, 70b from being further paid out from the cable winders 110a, 110b, thus, limiting descent of the barbell. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the cable winders 110a, 110b operate independently of each other. Likewise, the brakes 330a, 330b may operate independently of each other. This allows for independent braking of each side of the barbell. This may be particularly beneficial where one end of the barbell 100 is in rapid descent, e.g., due to a weightlifter slipping. A false reading may be had on the non-slipped end of the barbell 100, thus, not indicating the need for spotting.
The brakes 330a, 330b, as discussed above, may be pneumatically powered. As shown in
In addition, one or more electrical lines 45, from the electrical control box 80b, may be coupled to the brakes 330a, 330b to provide electrical power, as needed, e.g., if the brakes 330a, 330b are configured as electromagnets.
The trolleys 430 of the embodiment of
The trolleys 430 are configured in similar fashion as in the embodiment of
In each of the embodiments, provision is therefore made for movement of a barbell in virtually any plane of movement without any torque or twisting of the barbell due to tension on any cable during a controlled lift. When the brakes of the apparatus are not engaged, the weight is freely movable up, down, forward, backward (toward and away from the lifter), side to side relative to the lifter, and rotationally around the axis of the lifter. Such freedom of movement is not possible in any prior art barbell spotting apparatus. Cable guides, from which cables are suspended for connecting to the barbell, are provided which may be movable in multiple axes relative to the supporting frame. For example, cable guides may be supported on a pivoting fork, moving trolley, and moving sled, allowing for movement is response to a weightlifter's movements.
With reference to
With the barbell 100 engaged by the weightlifter, the weightlifter may push the barbell up, thereby initiating the exercise. With initial upward movement of the barbell 100, the indicator lights 82a, 82b may turn yellow with braking being maintained. As the upward movement of the barbell 100 exceeds a predetermined range, e.g., three inches, the indicator lights 82a, 82b may turn green and braking may be disengaged to allow the barbell 100 to freely move in multiple degrees of freedom, including downwardly, as shown in
As shown in
The subject invention permits the full range of movement that athletes expect from conventional barbell resistance training (i.e., using free weights) while maintaining the spotting capability. The apparatus follows the movement of the athlete; the athlete does not compromise range of movement. If the weightlifter experiences any difficulties, one or more of the qualifying conditions may be met to cause the brakes to be engaged and the barbell 100 suspended, restricted from downward movement. The indicator lights 82a, 82b may turn red with braking engaged.
Once the exercise is completed, the weightlifter may cause one or more of the qualifying conditions with the brakes being engaged and the barbell be maintained at a desired height. This avoids the need to re-rack the barbell and minimizes injury. The indicator lights 82a, 82b may turn red with braking engaged.
As shown in
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the features discussed herein may be used in any combination in connection with any disclosed embodiment. Discussion of features in connection with a particular embodiment is not limiting to that embodiment. In addition, unless expressly indicated to be excluded for an embodiment, full disclosures of features apply with equal weight to all embodiments, even if referenced by multiple reference numbers.
Although the devices and systems of the present disclosure have been described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, the present disclosure is not limited thereby. Indeed, the exemplary embodiments are implementations of the disclosed systems and methods are provided for illustrative and non-limitative purposes. Changes, modifications, enhancements and/or refinements to the disclosed systems and methods may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, such changes, modifications, enhancements and/or refinements are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/067,958, filed Dec. 19, 2022, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,883,711, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/368,177, filed Jul. 6, 2021, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,559,718, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/060,859, filed Oct. 1, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,090,523, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,110, filed May 29, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,881,894, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/853,973, filed May 29, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/882,486, filed Aug. 3, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/895,759, filed Sep. 4, 2019, and, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/923,683, filed Oct. 21, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62853973 | May 2019 | US | |
| 62882486 | Aug 2019 | US | |
| 62895759 | Sep 2019 | US | |
| 62923683 | Oct 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18067958 | Dec 2022 | US |
| Child | 18425642 | US | |
| Parent | 17368177 | Jul 2021 | US |
| Child | 18067958 | US | |
| Parent | 17060859 | Oct 2020 | US |
| Child | 17368177 | US | |
| Parent | 16887110 | May 2020 | US |
| Child | 17060859 | US |
