Patent Application
20220077502
The present disclosure relates to a battery and a manufacturing method thereof. The present application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-150370 filed on Sep. 8, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated in the present specification by reference.
In recent years, a battery, particularly, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery has been suitably used as a potable power supply for a personal computer, a portable terminal, and the like, and as a vehicle driving power supply for an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HV), and a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV), and the like, or in other uses.
Generally, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery has an electrode body including a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are stacked, with a separator interposed therebetween. Electrode bodies are largely classified into a wound electrode body and a stacked type electrode body. As the wound electrode body, a flat-shaped wound electrode body is known (e.g., see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-114423). Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-114423 discloses a battery, in which a wound electrode body in a shape having two semicircular R parts at the ends of the flat part having a rectangular shape in a cross sectional view, is accommodated in a rectangular battery case.
With more and more nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries being used, the performance thereof is required to enhance further. The present inventors have conducted an intensive study thereon, and consequently found that the related art has room for improvement with regard to the space efficiency in the battery case. Further, the present inventors have found that the wound electrode body as described above has room for improvement with regard to the ease of insertion into the battery case during battery manufacturing.
Under such circumstances, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a battery that is capable of attaining a high space efficiency in a battery case, and excellent in insertability of a wound electrode body into a battery case during manufacturing.
The battery herein disclosed includes a rectangular battery case, and a wound electrode body including electrodes. The electrode includes a long collector, and mixture material layers. The electrode has flat first surfaces stacked in the direction of the main surface of the wound electrode body and second surfaces stacked in the direction of the side surface of the wound electrode body, alternately. A thickness ratio B/A is 0.1 or less, where A denotes an average thickness of the mixture material layers present on the first surfaces and B denotes an average thickness of the mixture material layer present on the second surfaces. Such a configuration provides a battery that is capable of attaining a high space efficiency in a battery case and excellent in insertability of a wound electrode body into a battery case during manufacturing.
In accordance with one desirable aspect of the battery herein disclosed, the average thickness of the mixture material layers present on the second surfaces is 0. With such a configuration, a higher space efficiency can be attained.
The method of manufacturing a battery herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing a battery including a rectangular battery case and a wound electrode body. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode including a long collector and mixture material layers, the electrode having first surfaces and second surfaces in a longitudinal direction so that a thickness ratio B/A is 0.1 or less, where A represents an average thickness of the mixture material layers present on the first surfaces and B represents an average thickness of the mixture material layers present on the second surfaces, and so that a dimension of each second surface in the longitudinal direction gradually increases from a winding start part to a winding end part so as to allow the second surfaces to overlap each other when the electrode is wound; winding the electrode together with a separator around a cylindrical shaft to form a wound body with the first surfaces overlapping each other and the second surfaces overlapping each other, respectively; pressing a central part, in an outer circumferential direction, of an overlapping part of the first surfaces of the wound body to obtain a wound electrode body; accommodating the wound electrode body in the rectangular battery case; and introducing a nonaqueous electrolyte into the battery case. With such a configuration, it is possible to manufacture a battery capable of attaining a high space efficiency in a battery case. Further, the insertability of the wound electrode body into the battery case is also excellent.
In accordance with one desirable aspect of the battery herein disclosed, the average thickness of the mixture material layers present on the second surfaces is 0. With such a configuration, it is possible to manufacture a battery capable of attaining a higher space efficiency in the battery case.
In accordance with another desirable aspect of the battery herein disclosed, at least of a part of the second surfaces to be an inner circumferential side of the wound body is subjected to processing of removing the mixture material layers by a laser, and at least a part of the second surface to be an outer circumferential side of the wound body is subjected to pattern coating, to reduce a mixture material amount thereof than that of the first surfaces. With such a configuration, it is possible to more easily manufacture a battery that is capable of attaining a high space efficiency in a battery case and also excellent in insertability of a wound electrode body into the battery case, and the manufacturing cost is also excellent. Further, it is easy to increase the thickness of the wound electrode body, and it is possible to manufacture a battery with a larger capacity.
Below, referring to the accompanying drawings, embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will be described. It should be noted that matters which is not referred to in the present specification and is necessary to implement the present disclosure can be grasped as design matters of those skilled in the art based on the related art in the present field. The present disclosure can be implemented based on the contents disclosed in the present specification, and the technical common sense in the present field. Further, in the following drawings, the members/parts producing the same effect are given the same reference number and sign for description. Furthermore, the dimensional relation (such as length, width, or thickness) in each drawing does not reflect the actual dimensional relation.
The lithium ion secondary battery 100 shown in
As shown in
As shown in
At one end in the width direction of the positive electrode sheet 50, a first positive electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 52a in which the positive electrode mixture material layer 54 is not formed and the positive electrode collector 52 is exposed is provided. Also at one end in the width direction of the negative electrode sheet 60, a first negative electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 62a in which the negative electrode mixture material layer 64 is not formed and the negative electrode collector 62 is exposed is provided. As shown in
Further, as shown in
The second positive electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 52b of the positive electrode sheet 50 shown in
Similarly, as shown in
The second negative electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 62b of the negative electrode sheet 60 shown in
A conventional wound electrode body has a shape having two semicircular R parts (side parts) at the ends of a rectangular flat part (central flat part) in a cross sectional view. In contrast, it is configured such that the central flat part 22 of the wound electrode body 20 includes the first surfaces 50a and 60a having the mixture material layers 54 and 64, respectively, and such that the side parts 24 of the wound electrode body 20 include the second surfaces 50b and 60b not having the mixture material layers 54 and 64, respectively as in the present embodiment. As a result, as shown in
Herein, when a rectangular battery case is used as a battery case, the wound electrode body is accommodated in the battery case so that the side part of the wound electrode body is opposed to the bottom surface of the rectangular battery case. With a conventional wound electrode body whose side part is a semicircular R part, the shape of the bottom part of the battery case is different from the shape of the side part (R part). This creates a space between the battery case and the side part (R part) of the wound electrode body. In contrast, in the present embodiment, for the wound electrode body 20, the shape of the bottom part of the rectangular battery case and the shape of the side part of the wound electrode body 20 become close to each other. As a result, even the part where a space has been conventionally created can be occupied by the wound electrode body 20. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the mixture material layers 54 and 64 can be allowed to be present even at the part of the bottom part of the rectangular battery case where a space has been conventionally created. As a result, it becomes possible to attain a high space efficiency in the battery case.
In addition, in the related art, particularly for a wound electrode body formed in a flat shape by press working, a phenomenon that the thickness is increased by the restoring force possessed by the wound electrode body (so-called spring back) may be caused. For this reason, when the wound electrode body is inserted into the battery case for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery, the ease of the insertion (insertability) is reduced. However, in the present embodiment, spring back is less likely to be caused. This results in high insertability of the wound electrode body into the battery case for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery.
Further, such effects can also be obtained even when the second surfaces 50b and 60b included in the side parts 24 of the wound electrode body 20 have the mixture material layers 54 and 64 with a small thickness. Thus, the present inventors actually manufactured wound electrode bodies, and conducted a study on the thickness of the mixture material layer on the first surface, and the thickness of the mixture material layer on the second surface. Specifically, each wound electrode body with the ratio of the thickness A of the mixture material layer on the first surface and the thickness B of the mixture material layer on the second surface changed as in the Table 1 below was designed. The dimension P shown in
Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 may have the mixture material layers 54 and 64 at respective second surfaces 50b and 60b of the electrode sheets 50 and 60, respectively. Then, in order to obtain the foregoing effects, in the lithium ion secondary battery 100, for the positive electrode sheet 50, the thickness ratio B/A is 0.1 or less where A represents the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture material layers 54 present on the first surfaces 50a, and B represents the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture material layers 54 present on the second surfaces 50b. Whereas, for the negative electrode sheet 60, the thickness ratio B/A is 0.1 or less where A represents the average thickness of the negative electrode mixture material layers 64 present on the first surfaces 60a, and B represent the average thickness of the negative electrode mixture material layers 64 present on the second surfaces 50b.
It should be noted that respective average thicknesses of the mixture material layers 54 and 64 at respective first surfaces 50a and 60a and second surfaces 50b and 60b can be determined using, for example, a known film thickness measuring device (e.g., a rotary caliper gauge).
Herein as with the example shown, when the second surfaces 50b and 60b of the electrode sheets 50 and 60 do not have the mixture material layers 54 and 64, it can be said that the average thickness A is 0 (zero). When the average thickness A is 0, the shape of each side part 24 of the wound electrode body 20 becomes the closest to the shape of the bottom part of the rectangular battery case 30. Therefore, from the viewpoint of a higher space efficiency, the average thickness A is desirably 0.
Below, a description will be given to the constituent materials for each member of the lithium ion secondary battery 100. As the material for the battery case 30, for example, a metal material which is lightweight and has good thermal conductivity such as aluminum is used.
Examples of the positive electrode collector 52 constituting the positive electrode sheet 50 may include aluminum foil. The positive electrode mixture material layer 54 includes at least a positive electrode active material. Examples of the positive electrode active material may include lithium transition metal composite oxides such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide (e.g., LiN1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2), lithium nickel composite oxide (e.g., LiNiO2), lithium cobalt composite oxide (e.g., LiCoO2), lithium nickel manganese composite oxide (e.g., LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4). The positive electrode mixture material layer 54 can further include a conductive material, a binder, and the like. As the conductive materials, for example, carbon black such as acetylene black (AB), and other carbon materials (such as graphite) can be used. As the binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) can be used.
Examples of the negative electrode collector 62 constituting the negative electrode sheet 60 may include copper foil. The negative electrode mixture material layer 64 includes at least a negative electrode active material. Examples of the negative electrode active material may include carbon materials such as graphite, hard carbon, and soft carbon. The negative electrode mixture material layer 64 may further include a binder, a thickener, and the like. As the binder, for example, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) can be used. As the thickener, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can be used.
As the separators 70, various porous sheets the same as or similar to those to be conventionally used for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used. Examples thereof may include a porous resin sheet formed of a resin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). Such a porous resin sheet may be a monolayered structure, or may be a multiple layered structure of two or more layers (e.g., a three-layered structure including PP layers stacked on the opposite surfaces of a PE layer). The separator 70 may include a heat resistant layer (HRL).
As the nonaqueous electrolyte, the same ones as those for a conventional lithium ion secondary battery can be used, and typically, those containing a support salt in an organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent) can be used. As the nonaqueous solvents, aprotic solvents such as carbonates, esters, and ethers can be used. Out of these, carbonates are desirable. Examples of carbonates may include ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), monofluoroethylene carbonate (MFEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC), monofluoromethyl difluoromethyl carbonate (F-DMC), and trifluoro dimethyl carbonate (TFDMC). Such nonaqueous solvents can be used singly or in appropriate combination of two or more thereof. As the support salts, for example, lithium salts such as LiPF6, LiBF4, and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) can be desirably used. The concentration of the support salt is desirably 0.7 mol/L or more and 1.3 mol/L or less.
It should be noted that the nonaqueous electrolyte may include other components than the nonaqueous solvent and the support salt, for example, various additives such as a gas generator, a film forming agent, a dispersant, and a thickener unless they remarkably impair the effects of the present disclosure.
Then, an example of a method of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery 100 will be described. The method of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery 100 is not limited to the example described below.
A desirable example of the method of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery 100 includes a step (electrode preparing step) of preparing electrodes 50, 60 including a long collectors 52, 62 and mixture material layers 54, 64, the electrodes having first surfaces 50a, 60a and second surfaces 50b, 60b alternately in a longitudinal direction so that a thickness ratio B/A is 0.1 or less where A represents an average thickness of the mixture material layers 54 or 64 present on the first surfaces 50a or 60a, and B represents an average thickness of the mixture material layers 54 or 64 present on the second surfaces 50b or 60b, and so that a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the second surfaces 50b, 60b gradually increases from a winding start part to a winding end part so as to allow the second surfaces 50b, 60b to overlap each other when the electrodes 50, 60 are wound; a step (winding step) of winding the electrodes 50, 60 together with a separator 70 around a cylindrical shaft to form a wound body with the first surfaces 50a, 60a and the second surfaces 50b, 60b respectively overlapping each other; a step (pressing step) of pressing a central part in an outer circumferential direction of an overlapping part of the first surfaces 50a, 60a of the wound body to obtain a wound electrode body 20; a step (case accommodating step) of accommodating the wound electrode body 20 in the rectangular battery case 30; and a step (electrolyte introducing step) of introducing a nonaqueous electrolyte into the battery case 30.
At first, the electrode preparing step will be described. The step can be performed, for example, in the following manner First, respective regions to serve as the first surfaces 50a and 60a and the second surfaces 50b and 60b are determined for the long positive electrode collector 52 and the long negative electrode collector 62, respectively so that each dimension in the longitudinal direction of the second surfaces 50b and 60b increases gradually from the winding start part to the winding end part so as to allow the first surfaces 50a and 60a and the second surfaces 50b and 60b to overlap each other, respectively, when the positive electrode 50 and the negative electrode 60 are wound.
For each of the positive electrode 50 and the negative electrode 60, an electrode paste containing an active material and an optional component is prepared. The electrode paste for the positive electrode and the electrode paste for the negative electrode are coated onto the positive electrode collector 52 and the negative electrode collector 62, respectively by a die coater, or the like, and are dried, and if required, are pressed, thereby forming the mixture material layers 54 and 64 on the collectors 52 and 62, respectively. At this step, as a first method, pattern coating is performed so as to reduce each coating amount of respective electrode pastes on the second surfaces 50b and 60b as compared with those on the first surfaces 50a and 60a. Thereby, the mixture material layers 54 and 64 are formed so that the thickness ratio B/A becomes 0.1 or less where A represents the average thickness of the mixture material layers 54 and 64 present on the first surfaces 50a and 60a, and B represent the average thickness of the mixture material layers 54 and 64 present on the second surfaces 50b and 60b. It should be noted that when the coating amount of each electrode paste on the second surfaces 50b and 60b is set at zero, the pattern coating is also referred to as intermittent coating.
Alternatively, as a second method, the mixture material layers 54 and 64 with the same thickness are formed, without varying the coating amounts of the electrode pastes between on the first surfaces 50a and 60a and on the second surfaces 50b and 60b. Processing of removing the mixture material layers 54 and 64 on the second surfaces 50b and 60b by a laser is performed. Thereby, the mixture material layers 54 and 64 are formed so that the thickness ratio B/A becomes 0.1 or less.
The first method and the second method may be combined. Particularly, for the inner circumferential side part of the wound body of the electrode, the dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the second surfaces 50b and 60b are small. For this reason, the second method using a laser is easier to carry out. On the other hand, for the outer circumferential side part of the wound body of the electrode, the dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the second surfaces 50b and 60b are large. For this reason, the first method of performing pattern coating is easier to carry out, and can prevent waste of the mixture material of the electrode. Accordingly, from the viewpoint of more ease of manufacturing and the manufacturing cost of a battery, desirably, at least a part of the second surfaces 50b and 60b to be the inner circumferential side of the wound body is subjected to processing of removing the mixture material layer by a laser, and at least a part of the second surfaces 50b and 60b to be the outer circumferential side of the wound body is reduced in mixture material amount than that on the first surfaces 50a and 60a by pattern coating. In this case, particularly, it is easy to increase the thickness of the wound electrode body 20, and it is easy to manufacture a battery with a larger capacity.
In the manner described up to this point, the positive electrode sheet 50 and the negative electrode sheet 60 as shown in
Then, the winding step will be described. The step can be performed by, for example, winding the positive electrode sheet 50, the negative electrode sheet 60, and two separator sheets 70 so that the separator sheets 70 are interposed between the positive electrode sheet 50 and the negative electrode sheet 60 using a cylindrical shaft (core member) and a winding machine. At this step, it is configured such that the first positive electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 52a and the first negative electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 62a protrude outward from the opposite ends in the winding axis direction of the wound electrode body 20. The conditions for winding may be known conditions. Use of a cylindrical shaft enables high speed winding, and increases the productivity in contrast to the case using a shaft in a flat shape.
By carrying out the step, a cylindrical wound body 120 shown in
Then, the pressing step will be described. With the step, for example, the wound body obtained in the winding step is placed sideways in a pressing machine (i.e., so that the winding axis of the wound electrode body 20 becomes in parallel with the stand of the pressing machine). Then, the central part in the outer circumferential direction of the wound body 120 of the first lamination layer part 120a including the first surfaces 50a and 60a stacked one on another therein is pressed. Namely, the wound body 120 is placed in the direction shown in
Then, the case accommodating step will be described. The step can be carried out according to the known method. Specifically, for example, a lid body of the battery case 30 having an injection port, and the main body of the battery case 30 are prepared. The main body of the battery case 30 has an opening, and the lid body has dimensions covering the opening (see
The first positive electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 52a and the first negative electrode mixture material layer non-formation part 62a of the wound electrode body 20 are joined with the positive electrode collector plate 42a and the negative electrode collector plate 44a, respectively by ultrasonic joining, resistance welding, laser joining, or the like. To the lid body of the battery case 30, the positive electrode terminal 42 and the positive electrode collector plate 42a are attached so as to establish an electric connection therebetween. Whereas, the negative electrode terminal 44 and the negative electrode collector plate 44a are attached to the lid body of the battery case 30 so as to establish an electric connection therebetween. The positive electrode collector plate 42a and the negative electrode collector plate 44a are joined with the wound electrode body 20, and accordingly, the wound electrode body 20 is attached to the lid body of the battery case 30. The wound electrode body 20 is inserted into the main body of the battery case 30, and the lid body and the main body of the battery case 30 are sealed. The spring back of the wound electrode body 20 is suppressed. For this reason, with the manufacturing method, the insertion operation is easy.
Then, the electrolyte introducing step will be described. The step can be carried out according to the known method by injecting a nonaqueous electrolyte from the injection port of the lid body of the battery case, and sealing the injection port. In this manner, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 can be obtained.
The lithium ion secondary battery 100 enables a high space efficiency in the battery case 30. Further, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 is excellent in insertability of the wound electrode body 20 into the battery case 30 during manufacturing. Further, in the related art, at the R part of the wound electrode body, the mixture material layer may be broken due to application with a bending stress. However, with the lithium ion secondary battery 100, such a problem has also been improved.
The lithium ion secondary battery 100 can be used for various uses. As desirable uses, mention may be made of a driving power supply to be mounted on a vehicle such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HV), or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV). Further, the lithium ion secondary battery 100 can be used as a storage battery for a compact electric power storage device, or the like. The lithium ion secondary battery 100 can also be used typically in a form of a battery pack including a plurality of the batteries connected in series and/or in parallel with each other.
Up to this point, the rectangular lithium ion secondary battery including a flat-shaped wound electrode body has been described as an example. The technology herein disclosed is also applicable to other batteries than the lithium ion secondary battery.
Up to this point, specific examples of the present disclosure were described in detail. However, these are merely examples, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the appended claims. The technology described in the appended claims includes various modifications and changes of the specific examples exemplified up to this point.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-150370 | Sep 2020 | JP | national |
