Patent Application
20130169237
The invention is a storage battery comprised of a plurality of rechargeable secondary cells having their anode and cathode electrodes interconnected by three types of electrical conductor circuits. The metal electrodes are connected in electrical series by class-1 wire conductors. The metal electrodes being immersed in an electrolyte are also interconnected by electrolytic class-2 conduction through the liquid medium while exchanges of oxidation reactions are alternately occurring during battery discharging and charging periods.
During charging a reverse current is forced through the cells of the battery which transposes the chemical oxidation reactions produced at the cells electrode surfaces which during discharging are transformed back to their reduced state during charging. Heat is generated during the charging period and this heat is accumulative and can damage the battery during charging if not kept in check. The rate at which the heat is accumulated is exponentially equivalent to the square of the charging current and directly proportional to the electrolyte electrical resistance (Q=I2R). When the charging rate is to rapid the water molecules in the electrolyte begin to boil and form gaseous steam at the surface of the electrodes. During the charging period the battery cells no longer operate as galvanic cells, the reverse charging current has converted the cells to electrolytic cells which are capable of dissociating the thermally stressed steam vapor water molecules into their component parts as hydrogen positrons (H+) and negative charged hydroxyl (OH−) ions and a free electron (H2O→H++e−+OH−). The gaseous hydrogen positron (H+) bubbles produced fill the inflated volume of the dissociated steam molecules. The like-on-like positive repelling force of the hydrogen bubble charge filling the steam volume inhibit the negative charged electron flow through the gaseous hydrogen volume resulting in increased resistance through the polarized field surrounding the electrode and thereby preventing further electrode reduction actions to proceed during the charging period.
During the charging period the reversing current passes through a class-1 conductor and the circuit is completed by class-2 liquid conduction through the electrolyte which results in the accumulation of positrons (H+) at the electrode and subsequent polarization. A third type circuit comprised of a class-2 gaseous conductor is required to carry away the polarization charge. The third circuit is an ionic capacitor circuit described in Ref. 2 which is immersed in the battery electrolyte. The class-2 gaseous conductor fluid passing through the ionic capacitor is at a lower oxidation potential than the polarized positron (H+) fields surrounding the electrodes. The cell metal electrodes are in electrical contact with the ionic capacitor outer shell and form a class-1 conductor circuit between the polarization field and the lower oxidative potential of the gaseous flow within the ionic capacitor circuit which carry the excessive polarization charge out of the battery. The oxidative flow through ionic capacitor is produced by the method described in Ref. 3.
It is an object of the invention to lower the internal electrical resistance of storage batteries during periods of heavy discharge and during periods of high charging rate by transferring excessive hydrogen polarization charge at the battery electrode surfaces into an ionic capacitor.
It is another object of the invention to decrease the ratio of battery downtime relative to the battery useful operative discharging period by increasing the current flow during the battery charging period.
It is yet another object of the invention to increase electrical vehicle operating range by charging the vehicle batteries at a rapid charging rate while the vehicle is in motion.
It is yet another object of the invention to increase the charging rate of transportation batteries while simultaneously reducing the heating rate and accumulated heat during the charging period.
Six drawings are presented to illustrate how the depolarization circuit is connected internally to the cell electrode circuits within the battery.
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Ref. 1 U.S. application Ser. No. 12/378,425 Rapid Charge Transportation Battery. Filed Feb. 17, 2009.Ref. 2 U.S. Pat. 6,831,825 Fuel Cell Ionic Capacitor. Application Ser. No. 10/457,702. Filed Jun. 10, 2003.Ref.3 U.S. Pat. No. 8,071,041 Potassium Electric Generator and Chemical Synthesizer. Application No. 12/005,093. Filed Dec. 26, 2007. The present application is a continuation-in-part of Ref. 1.
