Patent Application
20230144723
The present application relates generally to passenger vehicles and, more particularly, to a battery electric vehicle with active sound and vibration enhancement systems.
Battery electric vehicles (BEV's) may provide a greener alternative to vehicles with internal combustion engines. However, BEV's can emit very low noise levels, which potentially poses a challenge to pedestrian aural awareness. Known solutions include creating electronic noises through external speakers on a vehicle. However, these systems do not produce an authentic engine sound nor are they as loud as a high-performance vehicle. Additionally, vehicles that have traditionally been considered “muscle cars” or “high performance” may no longer have a characteristic sound emitted through their exhaust systems. Further still, in vehicles with the known systems, the sound can feel unnatural due to lack of tactile feedback experienced with vehicles having internal combustion engines. Thus, while current systems work well for their intended purpose, it is desirable to provide continuous improvement in the relevant art.
According to one example aspect of the invention, an active vibration enhancement (AVE) system for a vehicle without an internal combustion engine is provided. In one exemplary implementation, the AVE system includes a sensor system configured to monitor and sense an operational condition of the vehicle, a force generator configured to couple to the vehicle and generate vibrations into the vehicle, a controller in signal communication with the sensor system and configured to receive one or more signals from the sensor system indicative of the sensed operational condition of the vehicle. The controller is configured to, based on the one or more received signals, actuate the force generator to generate vibrations into the vehicle that mimic vibrations that would be produced by a predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational condition of the vehicle.
In addition to the foregoing, the described AVE system may include one or more of the following features: wherein the force generator is configured to couple to a body of the vehicle to generate vibrations into the vehicle body, and wherein the generated vibrations are transmitted through the vehicle body to passengers of the vehicle; wherein the force generator is configured to be coupled to a chassis of the vehicle; wherein the generated vibrations generate airborne radiated sound; and wherein the force generator is configured to focus vibratory levels to specific points in the vehicle.
In addition to the foregoing, the described AVE system may include one or more of the following features: wherein the specific points include a steering wheel and a driver's seat; wherein the force generator is a lateral force generator configured to generate vibrational force in at least one direction and/or along at least one axis; wherein the force generator includes a magnet and an electromagnetic field generator configured to vary an electrical field around the magnet to alter the momentum of the magnet and vary the vibrational force generated by the force generator; and wherein the sensor system comprises at least one of an accelerator pedal position sensor, a motor speed sensor, a wheel speed sensor, and a motor torque sensor.
In addition to the foregoing, the described AVE system may include one or more of the following features: wherein the sensor system includes an accelerator pedal position sensor configured to sense a position of an accelerator pedal of the vehicle, a motor speed sensor configured to sense a speed of the motor, a wheel speed sensor configured to sense a rotational speed of one or more wheels of the vehicle, and a torque sensor configured to sense a torque generated by the motor, wherein the controller is configured to, based on signals received from the accelerator pedal position sensor, the motor speed sensor, the wheel speed sensor, and the torque sensor, actuate the force generator to generate vibrations into the vehicle that mimic vibrations that would be produced by a predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational conditions of the vehicle.
In addition to the foregoing, the described AVE system may include one or more of the following features: wherein the controller is configured to vary the vibrational force and/or frequency modulation of the vibrational force generated by the force generator to reproduce idle, run, and shift conditions of the predetermined internal combustion engine; and wherein the controller is further configured to actuate the force generator to harmonize the generated vibrations with sound generated from an active sound enhancement (ASE) system, wherein the ASE system is configured to generate the sound based on the one or more signals from the sensor system indicative of the sensed operational condition of the vehicle, to thereby mimic sounds that would be produced by the predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational condition of the vehicle.
According to another example aspect of the invention, a vehicle without an internal combustion engine is provided. The vehicle includes, in one exemplary implementation, a body, a motor configured to generate and transfer torque to one or more axles, a sensor system configured to monitor and sense an operational condition of the vehicle, an active vibration enhancement (AVE) system including a force generator configured to couple to the vehicle and generate vibrations into the vehicle, and a controller in signal communication with the sensor system and the AVE system, and configured to receive one or more signals from the sensor system indicative of the sensed operational condition of the vehicle. The controller is configured to, based on the one or more received signals, actuate the force generator to generate vibrations into the vehicle that mimic vibrations that would be produced by a predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational condition of the vehicle.
In addition to the foregoing, the described vehicle may include one or more of the following features: wherein the force generator is coupled to a body of the vehicle and is configured to generate vibrations into the vehicle body, wherein the generated vibrations are transmitted through the vehicle body to passengers of the vehicle; and wherein the sensor system comprises includes an accelerator pedal position sensor configured to sense a position of an accelerator pedal of the vehicle, a motor speed sensor configured to sense a speed of the motor, a wheel speed sensor configured to sense a rotational speed of one or more wheels of the vehicle, and a torque sensor configured to sense a torque generated by the motor, wherein the controller is configured to, based on signals received from the accelerator pedal position sensor, the motor speed sensor, the wheel speed sensor, and the torque sensor, actuate the force generator to generate vibrations into the vehicle that mimic vibrations that would be produced by a predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational conditions of the vehicle.
In addition to the foregoing, the described vehicle may include one or more of the following features: an active sound enhancement (ASE) system configured to generate sound based on the one or more signals from the sensor system indicative of the sensed operational condition of the vehicle, to thereby mimic sounds that would be produced by the predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational condition of the vehicle; and wherein the ASE system includes an amplifier and a vehicle interior speaker system, wherein the sounds generated by the ASE system are played through the vehicle interior speaker system to produce an authentic internal combustion engine sound for vehicle passengers.
In addition to the foregoing, the described vehicle may include one or more of the following features: wherein the controller is further configured to actuate the force generator to harmonize the generated vibrations with the sound generated from the active sound enhancement (ASE) system; wherein the ASE system includes an amplifier and a vehicle exterior speaker system, wherein the sounds generated by the ASE system are played through the vehicle exterior speaker system to produce an authentic internal combustion engine sound on the exterior of the vehicle.
Further areas of applicability of the teachings of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description, claims and the drawings provided hereinafter, wherein like reference numerals refer to like features throughout the several views of the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description, including disclosed embodiments and drawings references therein, are merely exemplary in nature intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, its application or uses. Thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the present disclosure are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Described herein are systems and methods for a vibroacoustic enhancement (VE) system configured to uniquely combine sound and tactile vibration to provide an authentic “internal combustion engine” vibroacoustic experience in a vehicle without an internal combustion engine. The VE system generally includes an active sound enhancement (ASE) system, an active vibration enhancement (AVE) system, and an exhaust sound enhancement (ESE) system.
The ASE system, in one exemplary implementation, utilizes powertrain and vehicle CAN bus information to playback sample based (e.g., .wav) audio files through a multi-layer synthesis engine. The audio output feeds one or more vehicle amplifiers. For example, one amplifier may drive the interior media/entertainment speakers for the driver and passenger sound experience, while the second amplifier may drive an exterior speaker/transducer system to provide a bystander sound experience. The exterior/transducer design could include bandpass speaker enclosures with tuned ports exiting the rear of the vehicle. The exterior system could double as a pedestrian warning sound.
As noted above, the vehicle includes an active vibration enhancement (AVE) system configured to work in concert with the ASE system. The AVE system is configured to read occupant and vehicle inputs and produce a vibration force to the vehicle that gives the occupant vibration and sound feedback they expect from an internal combustion engine vehicle. The vibration force is generated by force generators that transfer vibration through the car body to the driver/passengers, while also generating airborne radiated sound. In some examples, the force generators are configured to focus or “steer” the audio and vibratory levels to specific points in the vehicle spatially. For example, the system is configured to steer a maximum response or a null to the specific location (e.g., seat, steering wheel, armrest, etc.) by adjusting the magnitude and phase of the onboard vibration and sound generators.
Accordingly, the vibration is tailored to be harmonized with the sound from the ASE system by optimizing the magnitude and phase from the force generators so as to compliment the sound experience, thereby adding authenticity, since part of the sound is generated by the actual car body structure. Thus, the occupants feel and hear matching sound and vibration that is more believable than systems that only “pump in” engine sounds through the vehicle audio system. Moreover, the driver will know the vehicle is on and ready to drive because it provides audible and tactile feedback to the driver, which does not occur with current electric vehicles and can lead to unintended vehicle movement.
In some examples, the VE system includes the ESE system, which is configured to increase the sound level of BEV vehicles, provide a pedestrian alert system, and produce a unique sound experience of a high-performance vehicle. In some examples, the system includes high-performance external speakers, a high-powered amplifier, and a tuned exhaust assembly to produce authentic exhaust sounds that can reach output levels similar to that of a high-performance vehicle with an internal combustion engine.
The ESE system is designed to output a vehicle-specific sound profile that emphasizes sounds in the desired range for that vehicle. In the example embodiment, the tuned exhaust assembly utilizes low frequency speakers and midrange frequency speakers, which exist in separate tuned chambers. The individual sound waves are then combined in a mixing chamber, which inter-modulates the sound waves creating additional waves. The desired sound waves are passed along a simulated “exhaust” port where they are directed to the outside specifically to create an authentic high-performance sound to an observer. Advantageously, the system utilizes digitally created sounds with some basic filtering, but uses the tuned exhaust assembly to fine tune the sound in the acoustic domain instead of the digital domain, which creates a more authentic sound.
With initial reference to
In the example embodiment, the VE system 12 generally includes a sensor system 30, an active sound enhancement (ASE) system 32, an active vibration enhancement (AVE) system 34, and an exhaust sound enhancement (ESE) system 100.
In the example implementation, the sensor system 30 includes one or more sensors 36 that interact with the vehicle 10 and are in signal communication with a controller 38. In the example implementation, sensors include a pedal position sensor 50, a motor speed sensor 52, wheel speed sensor(s) 54, and an electric motor torque sensor 56. The pedal position sensor 50 is configured to sense a position of the accelerator pedal 28, the motor speed sensor 52 is configured to sense a speed of the electric motor 14, the wheel speed sensor 54 is configured to sense a rotational speed of one or more vehicle wheels (not shown), and torque sensor 56 is configured to sense a magnitude of torque generated by the electric motor 14. However, sensor system 30 can include any suitable sensor that enables the system to function as described herein.
With continued reference to
The radio 60 is configured to receive user input, for example, via a touchscreen 70. The ASE amplifier 62 is configured to provide audio signals to the internal/external speaker systems 64, 66. In some examples, the interior and exterior speaker systems 64, 66 may each have a separate dedicated ASE amplifier 62. In operation, the ASE amplifier 62 generates and/or activates one or more internal sound profiles based on information received from the sensor system 30 and controller 38 via a CAN bus 72, and subsequently provides high level audio signals (e.g., for those profiles) to the interior and/or exterior speaker systems 64, 66. For example, based on signals from sensor system 30, the ASE amplifier 62 generates sound profiles matching or similar to those of an internal combustion engine operation at a particular pedal position, motor speed, wheel speed, and/or engine torque. As such, the interior and exterior speaker systems 64, 66 are configured to produce predetermined low/mid/high frequency internal combustion engine sounds to mimic combustion engine operation at those speeds/conditions of the electric vehicle 10. Moreover, the exterior speaker system 66 can additionally function as a pedestrian warning sound system to alert pedestrians of a presence of the vehicle.
With reference now to
In the example embodiment, the AVE system 34 generally includes one or more actuators or force generators 80 and one or more optional sensors 82 coupled proximate or directly to various locations of the vehicle chassis 18. For example, as shown in
Each force generator 80 is configured to generate a vibrational force in at least one direction or along at least one axis that mimics or is similar to a vibration force generated by a predetermined internal combustion engine. In one example, each force generator 80 includes a rare earth magnet and an electromagnetic field generator (e.g., a copper winding) that varies an electrical field around the magnet to alter the momentum of the magnet and vary the vibrational force applied to the chassis 18. Moreover, it should be noted that AVE system 34 is configured to create vibration in the vehicle body, rather than dampen already existing vibration in the vehicle body.
In one example implementation shown in
In operation, the AVE system 34 is configured to monitor signals from the sensor system 30 and controller 38 via CAN bus 72 such as accelerator pedal position, vehicle speed, motor speed, motor torque, and/or sensed vibrations from sensors 82. The signals provide an operational condition of the vehicle 10 such as acceleration, deceleration, coasting, etc. Based on these signals, the controller actuates the force generators 80 to generate vibrations on the vehicle body, chassis, etc. that mimic or are similar to vibrations that would be produced by a predetermined internal combustion engine operating at the sensed operational conditions of the vehicle 10. As such, an authentic vibration is created on vehicle 10 that would be expected from an internal combustion engine vehicle operating in that manner.
In the example implementation, the force generators 80 are configured to: generate global vibration throughout the vehicle 10; provide frequency sweep mapping to customizable shift patterns; reproduce idle, run, and shift characteristics using vibrational force and/or frequency modulation; provide adjustable parameters to mimic internal combustion engine applications; create unique and customizable vehicle signature(s); control target vibration at specific frequency ranges; provide multiple vibration variants or levels (e.g., for Auto/Sport/Track/Custom vehicle operational modes); have customizable mounting footprints/options; and/or be utilized for additional notifications such as “lane departure” or “driver warning” systems. In one example, controller 38 is configured to operate the force generators 80 to generate vibration profiles specific to particular brands (e.g., vehicle, engine, etc.).
Thus, the AVE system 34 advantageously provides the driver tactile feedback to match their audible experience, alerts the driver that the vehicle is powered and in Drive mode (capable of launching) thus preventing unintended vehicle motion, alerts the driver of lane departures, provides sufficient amplitude low-frequency sound to emulate powerful muscle cars in idle condition, and adds to an acoustic vehicle alerting system (AVAS) pedestrian alert. Moreover, the produced vibration in the vehicle body 20 can be turned into a desired airborne radiated sound.
As such, the ASE and AVE systems 32, 34 uniquely combine tactile vibration and sound, which is transmitted through the vehicle body and sound systems in order to immerse the occupants in an authentic vibroacoustic experience, thereby providing an authentic and unique brand experience. As noted, the vibratory response and part of the audio is generated/transmitted through the car body itself, which enables the occupants to feel and hear matching sound and vibration that is more realistic than pure audio. Moreover, the VE system 12 is configured to focus/steer the audio and vibratory levels to specific points in the vehicle spatially (e.g., the system can direct a maximum response or a null to the seat, steering wheel, armrest, etc.) based on strategic adjustment of the magnitude and phase of the inboard vibration and sound generators. The system is also configured to accentuate existing vehicle resonances or to linearize (flatten) the vehicles naturally non-linear response.
With reference now to
In the example embodiment, the ESE system 100 generally includes an amplifier (e.g., ASE amplifier 62), one or more ESE woofers 102, one or more ESE midrange speakers 104, and a tuned exhaust assembly 106. The ESE woofers 102 are in signal communication with the amplifier 62 and configured to produce a predetermined low frequency BEV raw exhaust sounds (e.g., 70 Hz-300 Hz), and the ESE midrange speakers 104 are in signal communication with the amplifier 62 and configured to produce a predetermined mid/high frequency BEV raw exhaust sounds (e.g., >300 Hz). The tuned exhaust assembly 106 is configured to physically condition sound waves and mix and combine the low/mid/high frequencies with a unique and specifically designed mixing chamber to provide unique and authentic internal combustion engine exhaust sounds.
With continued reference to
In operation, the ESE system 100 is configured to monitor signals from the sensor system 30 and controller 38 via CAN bus 72, such as accelerator pedal position, vehicle speed, motor speed, and/or motor torque, and subsequently feed those signals to the amplifier 62. The signals provide an operational condition of the vehicle 10 such as acceleration, deceleration, coasting, sport mode, etc. Based on these signals, the amplifier 62 synthesizes corresponding audio signals and generates/plays specific predetermined sounds with the woofers/speakers 102, 104. Low frequency sound waves from the ESE woofers 102 exit the woofer chamber 110 and travel through the woofer channel 112 where they are shaped and guided to the mixing chamber 118. Similarly, midrange frequency sound waves from the ESE midrange speakers 104 exit the midrange chamber 114 and travel through the midrange channel 116 where they are shaped and guided to the mixing chamber 118. The mixing chamber 118 receives and inter-modulates the low and midrange frequency sound waves to produce unique harmonic sounds based on the fundamental frequencies of each individual speaker/chamber. As such, the mixing chamber 118 physically conditions and mechanically modulates the sound waves, which are subsequently directed out of the exhaust ports 120.
The dimensions of the tuned channels 112, 116 are based on the wavelength of the desired fundamental frequency of the speaker. The smaller midrange speakers 104 have smaller port dimensions, whereas the woofers 102 have larger port dimensions. The port dimensions are based on the wavelength A or λ/2 or λ/4 of the desired soundwave. The tuned channels 112, 116 pass the desired soundwaves (frequencies) from the speaker chambers 110, 114 into the mixing chamber 118, which inter-modulates the soundwaves from each of the tuned channels 112, 116, thereby creating a collection of desired frequencies. In one example, the dimension and interior shape of the mixing chamber is based on the wavelength A of the lowest desired frequency and at least the second and third harmonic of that frequency (e.g., 300 Hz@20° λ=1.12 m, λ/2=0.565 m, λ/4=0.282 m).
As such, mixing chamber 118 will allow for the creation of standing waves of certain wavelengths (desired frequencies). The desired sound waves are passed along to the exhaust port 120 where they are directed to the outside specifically to create an authentic internal combustion engine exhaust sound to the observer. The exhaust port dimensions are designed to direct the sound to the outside observer without creating internal standing waves. Additionally, the ESE system 100 can be tuned to provide sounds specific to each of various drive modes (e.g., comfort, sport, etc.), which allows for basic operation sound as well as more high-performance vehicle sounds.
Turning now to
The vehicle CAN data 220 includes various vehicle information such as, for example, vehicle speed, electric motor speed, electric motor torque, accelerator pedal position, and gear selection. In the example illustration, sound files and themes 210 and vehicle CAN data 220 are sent to the sound algorithm 230 and the vibration algorithm 240. The sound algorithm 230 is configured to adapt sound files/layers in real time in response to the vehicle CAN data 220. In one example, the sound algorithm 230 uses sample-based multi-layer pitched .wav playback. The sound algorithm 230 is utilized to produce the vehicle interior sound playback 250 and the vehicle exterior sound playback 260. The vehicle interior sound playback 250 is configured generate vehicle sound output through the interior speaker system 64 (e.g., interior media/entertainment system speakers).
The vehicle exterior sound playback 260 is configured to generate vehicle sound output through the ESE system 100. For example, the exterior sound playback 260 may include an external transducer system capable of a predetermined sound (e.g., 125 dB from 70-7000 Hz @1.0 meter (+/−2 dB). Transducer components can include 2×-8″×12″ woofer in bandpass and ported enclosure to cover 70-350 Hz frequency range, tuned ports routed to outside of the vehicle (e.g., through rear facia) for low frequency sound directionality, and 2×5″ mid/high frequency drivers to cover 300-7000 Hz frequency range. Locations include under and behind rear facia and oriented at a predetermined angle (e.g., 45° downward angle).
The vibration algorithm 240 is configured to synthesize a particular engine (e.g., engine brand) vibration input to the vehicle (via AVE system 34) based on the vehicle CAN data 220. The vibration produced can be pre-harmonized/synchronized with audio outputs of the ASE system 32. Thus, the vibration algorithm 240 is configured to utilize the force generators 80 to produce the vehicle interior vibration and sound playback 270, to thereby excite portions of the vehicle 10 such as, for example, the vehicle body 20, steering wheel 24, and/or seat 26.
In one example, the vehicle interior vibration and sound playback 270 can include an external circular or linear force generator system capable of providing 0-100 N of circular or linear force directly to the car body 20. Transducer components may include circular or linear force generators 80, with controller 38 sending precise magnitude and phase-controlled signals harmonized with the ASE system 32, with 12V inputs and CAN signals (e.g., vehicle speed, pedal position, drive mode, torque request, etc.).
Described herein are systems and methods for a vibroacoustic enhancement system configured to generate “authentic” internal combustion engine sounds and vibration in electric vehicles without an internal combustion engine. The vibroacoustic enhancement system includes an active sound enhancement system, an active vibration enhancement system, and an exhaust sound enhancement system. The system utilizes powertrain and vehicle CAN bus information to playback sample-based audio files and generate vibrations on the vehicle body to simulate the presence of an internal combustion engine on the vehicle.
It will be appreciated that the term “controller” as used herein refers to any suitable control device or set of multiple control devices that is/are configured to perform at least a portion of the techniques of the present application. Non-limiting examples include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more processors and a non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the controller to perform a set of operations corresponding to at least a portion of the techniques of the present application. The one or more processors could be either a single processor or two or more processors operating in a parallel or distributed architecture.
It should be understood that the mixing and matching of features, elements and/or functions between various examples may be expressly contemplated herein so that one skilled in the art would appreciate from the present teachings that features, elements and/or functions of one example may be incorporated into another example as appropriate, unless described otherwise above.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/277,373, filed Nov. 9, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63277373 | Nov 2021 | US |
