Patent Application
20070008141
Electrical batteries are used in wide range of devices including devices that are depended upon to have extraordinary reliability. Electrical batteries typically must be replaced periodically. Even rechargeable batteries have lifetimes of a certain number of recharge cycles. To assist with the logistics of assuring that fresh batteries are available for various devices, some conventional approaches have incorporated a fuel gauge chip or other identification technology that is used with some batteries designated as smart batteries.
These conventional approaches use power from the battery itself and are therefore dependent upon having the battery electrically connected to its device or some sort of reader. Unfortunately, this requirement of connectivity with the battery itself can hinder accessibility to identification data and other types of data on the battery. For instance, situations arise when identification and other information about a battery or battery pack must be quickly ascertained without requiring electrical connection of a reader.
As disclosed herein, a battery identification system and method using identifiers affixed to batteries and/or to a battery case of a battery pack allows for identification and tracking of the batteries and the battery case throughout their life in varied environments even when the battery pack itself is un-usable. Identification and tracking can be accomplished without need for the batteries or the battery pack to be physically inserted into a reader or other device. Consequently identification and tracking of the batteries and the battery pack may be expedited.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, typically made from chips, paper labels, or other structures, are used as the identifiers to store and remotely provide data associated with the batteries and the battery pack. The RFID tags are small enough to be affixed directly on to the batteries and/or the battery pack. In some instances a single identifier is mounted to an inside wall of the battery pack. In passive tag implementations, the identifiers need no dependent electrical connections to the batteries inside of the battery pack. Identification of the batteries and the battery pack can be accomplished in a rapid way by passing an RFID reader in their proximity, with little or no disruption to their status.
RFID tags contain antennas, which receive and transmit responses to radio-frequency queries from an RFID transceiver incorporated into an RFID reader. The RFID reader can be handheld to be passed in the vicinity of the RFID tags when collecting data stored on the RFID tags. Passive tags require no internal power source, whereas active tags require a power source.
For passive tags of an inductive style, a small current induced in the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough power for the tag to transmit a response. Due to limited power and cost, the response of a passive RFID tag is brief. The passive tag can also be small. Passive tags have practical read distances ranging from about less than an inch to about 20 feet. Because passive tags are cheaper to manufacture and have no battery, the majority of RFID tags in existence are of the passive variety.
Inductive RFID tags are powered at least in part by the magnetic field generated by the reader. The inductive RFID tags generally have a silicon microprocessor, a metal coil antenna, and encapsulating material. Capacitively coupled RFID tags tend to be less expensive than the inductive style of RFID tags. The capacitive tags typically do not have a metal coil antenna and instead use a conductive carbon ink that is applied to the paper substrate by a printing process. The capacitive tags have a type of silicon processor than is coupled to printed carbon-ink electrodes on the back of a paper label. Although the capacitively coupled RFID tags can be less expensive than the inductively coupled RFID tags, the capacitively coupled RFID tags typically have shorter range than the inductively coupled tags.
Since active RFID tags have an internal power source they may have longer range and larger memories than passive tags. The internal power source of an active RFID tag can have a life of up to 10 years. The active RFID tags may also have the ability to store additional information sent by the transceiver. At present, the smallest active tags are about the size of a coin. Many active tags have practical ranges of tens of yards. While the cost advantages of passive tags over active tags are significant, other factors including accuracy, performance in certain environments such as around water or metal, and reliability favor active tags in certain implementations.
Active and passive RFID tags are generally divided into groups: read-write, write-once and read-many (WORM), and read only. Read-write tags allow data to be changed during operations when data having a certain degree of variability needs to be updated. In many implementations, the battery pack identifiers could use write-once, read-many (WORM) type or possibly the read only type of RFID tags since the type of data being stored in the identifiers about the battery packs would not have to be updated. In other implementations the WORM style of RFID tag may be useful if some of the identifier data has to be updated during the lifetime of the battery pack.
RFID tags available for use include the following four classes: low frequency RFID tags (125 or 134.2 kHz), high frequency RFID tags (13.56 MHz), UHF RFID tags (868 to 956 MHz), and microwave RFID tags (2.45 GHz). There are some transponder devices and contactless chip cards which can deliver a similar function and can be used in alternative implementations.
The system generally can include RFID tags and at least one reader to collect data from the RFID tags on the batteries and possibly also encode data onto the RFID tags. The system can also include various computers, servers, networks, other devices and associated software to store and distribute the collected battery data. Some implementations may simply utilize RFID tagged batteries along and a simple RFID reader. Other implementations can include battery packs, and hardware and software associated with their more elaborate approaches.
In a typical implementation, each of the batteries of a battery pack as well as the case or other structure of the battery pack is equipped with a small, inexpensive RFID tag. The RFID tag contains a transponder with a digital memory chip that is given a unique electronic product code. The RFID reader has an antenna packaged with a transceiver and decoder. The reader emits a signal having an effective strength in a zone that extends a certain distance from the reader dependant upon various factors including environment and characteristics of the RFID tag. When an RFID tag is in the zone, the reader is able to read and perhaps write data to the RFID tag.
Implementations include, for example, battery pack applications for high reliability medical devices in which a high degree of traceability and reporting of the battery packs is required. In many cases this could be separate from any electronics already in the battery pack such as fuel gauge, other types of identification chips, protection circuit, etc. The identifier would allow an end-user or other party to obtain information about the battery pack such as serial number, manufacture site, manufacture date, customer name, end unit serial number, and line leaders name from the battery with an RFID reader without extensive coordination and without elaborate pre-planning to obtain such data.
For example, such information could be obtained from the battery pack in various settings such as in a warehouse, during operation in the field, during transit as the battery pack is being shipped, etc. without having to physically place the battery pack into a reader or other device such as its end unit. This approach of the system could be a great benefit for identifying a battery pack that has been otherwise destroyed or damaged to the point where it can no longer be powered in its end unit so that data stored conventionally could not be accessed.
An implementation 100 of the system is shown in
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.
This application claims priority benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 60/698,293 filed Jul. 11, 2005.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60698293 | Jul 2005 | US |
