Patent Application
20230035877
This application claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 2020-0053495 filed on May 4, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to a battery module having a fire-extinguishing unit, and more particularly to a battery module having a fire-extinguishing unit including a fire-extinguishing material capable of sprinkling a fire-extinguishing material without a separate sensing device when a battery cell swells or inflammable gas is generated in the battery cell, whereby it is possible to improve safety and energy density of the battery module.
A secondary battery, which has high ease of application based on product family and electrical characteristics, such as high energy density, has been universally applied to an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) driven by an electrical driving source as well as portable devices. Such a secondary battery has attracted attention as a new energy source capable of enhancing environmental friendliness and energy efficiency in that the secondary battery has a primary advantage of remarkably reducing the use of fossil fuels and in that no by-products due to the use of energy are generated.
There are a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydride battery, and a nickel-zinc battery as secondary batteries that are widely used at present. The operating voltage of such a unit secondary battery cell, i.e. a unit battery cell, is about 2.5 V to 4.5 V. In the case in which output voltage higher than the above operating voltage is required, therefore, a plurality of battery cells may be connected to each other in series to constitute a battery module.
Of course, a plurality of battery modules may be connected to each other in parallel or in series depending on required charge and discharge capacities to constitute a battery pack.
Meanwhile, in order to satisfy required output voltage, a plurality of battery cells is received in a battery module. The received battery cells are disposed in tight contact with each other in order to improve energy density. When an issue, such as thermal runaway, occurs, therefore, a secondary accident, such as generation of gas and outbreak of fire, may occur.
In connection therewith,
In the conventional art, the piezoelectric sensor 30 configured to sense pressure and the connection circuit 40 configured to transmit the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric sensor are provided. In the case in which the connection circuit 40 is damaged, there may be a problem in injecting the fire-extinguishing material. Furthermore, separate devices, such as the connection circuit 40 and the BMS, and an additional device and space for fixing the separate devices are necessary, whereby a manufacturing process is complicated and energy density is low.
(Patent Document 1) Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2013-0078953
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a battery module having a fire-extinguishing unit capable of sensitively responding to change in volume of the battery module to secure safety, whereby it is possible to reduce occurrence of secondary accidents.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a battery module having a fire-extinguishing unit capable of improving space utilization in the battery module while maintaining fire-extinguishing performance, whereby it is possible to improve energy density.
In order to accomplish the above objects, a battery module according to the present invention includes a plurality of battery cells stacked in a first direction and a plurality of fire-extinguishers respectively located adjacent to the plurality of battery cells, wherein the fire-extinguisher includes a fire-extinguishing pack containing a fire-extinguishing material, a piezoelectric element interposed between a respective battery cell and the fire-extinguishing pack, and at least one breaking unit interposed between the respective battery cell and the fire-extinguishing pack.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the fire-extinguishing pack may be in contact with one surface or opposite surfaces of the respective battery cell.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the piezoelectric element may be located at the middle of one surface of the respective battery cell, and a connection circuit may be provided between the piezoelectric element and the breaking unit.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the breaking unit may include a coupler fixed to the respective battery cell or the fire-extinguishing pack and a blade extending from the coupler, and the blade may be made of an electroactive polymer.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the breaking unit may be located adjacent to an electrode lead of the respective battery cell.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the blade may be deformed by a predetermined angle by voltage generated from the piezoelectric element to rupture the fire-extinguishing pack.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the blade portion may be a plurality of blades provided along a plurality of edges of the coupler.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the blade may have a thickness equal to the thickness of the coupler.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, the blade may have a thickness gradually decreasing with increasing distance from the edge of the coupler.
Also, in the battery module according to the present invention, a recessed portion may be formed in where the blade and the coupler are connected to each other.
In addition, a battery pack according to the present invention includes the battery module.
A battery module having a fire-extinguishing unit according to the present invention has an advantage in that a breaking unit made of an electroactive polymer, which is deformed by an electrical signal, is located in tight contact with a battery cell, whereby it is possible to extinguish fire without recognition through a separate sensing device, and therefore it is possible to prevent non-operation due to systemic errors.
In addition, the battery module according to the present invention has an advantage in that a sensing device configured to sense temperature or voltage of the battery module and a separate device configured to fix the breaking unit are not necessary, whereby a manufacturing process is simple and energy density is improved.
In the present application, it should be understood that the terms “comprises,” “has,” “includes,” etc. specify the presence of stated features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.
In addition, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to parts that perform similar functions or operations. In the case in which one part is said to be connected to another part in the specification, not only may the one part be directly connected to the other part, but also, the one part may be indirectly connected to the other part via a further part. In addition, that a certain element is included does not mean that other elements are excluded, but means that such elements may be further included unless mentioned otherwise.
Hereinafter, a battery module having a fire-extinguishing unit including a fire-extinguishing material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to
First, the plurality of battery cells 100 may be stacked side by side in a vertical direction or in a horizontal direction with respect to the ground and may be connected to each other in series and in parallel.
Here, it is preferable for each of the battery cells 100 to be a pouch-shaped battery cell including a cell assembly (not shown), a cell case, and a pair of electrode leads 110. The cell assembly may be a jelly-roll type cell assembly, which is configured to have a structure in which a long sheet type positive electrode and a long sheet type negative electrode are wound in the state in which a separator is interposed therebetween, a stacked type cell assembly including unit cells, each of which is configured to have a structure in which a rectangular positive electrode and a rectangular negative electrode are stacked in the state in which a separator is interposed therebetween, a stacked and folded type cell assembly, which is configured to have a structure in which unit cells are wound using a long separation film, or a laminated and stacked type cell assembly, which is configured to have a structure in which unit cells are stacked in the state in which a separator is interposed therebetween and are then attached to each other. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
The cell assembly is mounted in the cell case. The cell case is generally configured to have a laminate sheet structure including an inner layer, a metal layer, and an outer layer. The inner layer is disposed in direct contact with the cell assembly, and therefore the inner layer must exhibit high insulation properties and high resistance to an electrolytic solution. In addition, the inner layer must exhibit high sealability in order to hermetically seal the cell case from the outside, i.e. a thermally-bonded sealed portion between inner layers must exhibit excellent thermal bonding strength. The inner layer may be made of a material selected from among a polyolefin-based resin, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene acrylate, or polybutylene, a polyurethane resin, and a polyimide resin, which exhibit excellent chemical resistance and high sealability. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and polypropylene, which exhibits excellent mechanical-physical properties, such as tensile strength, rigidity, surface hardness, and resistance to impact strength, and excellent chemical resistance, is the most preferably used.
The metal layer, which is disposed so as to abut the inner layer, corresponds to a barrier layer configured to prevent moisture or various kinds of gas from permeating into the battery from the outside. An aluminum thin film, which is light and easily shapeable, may be used as a preferred material for the metal layer.
The outer layer is provided on the other surface of the metal layer. The outer layer may be made of a heat-resistant polymer that exhibits excellent tensile strength, resistance to moisture permeation, and resistance to air transmission such that the outer layer exhibits high heat resistance and chemical resistance while protecting the cell assembly. As an example, the outer layer may be made of nylon or polyethylene terephthalate. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
Meanwhile, the pair of electrode leads 110 includes a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead. The positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead may be exposed outwards from the cell case in the state in which positive electrode tabs and negative electrode tabs of the cell assembly are electrically connected to the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead, respectively, or the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead may be directly connected to the cell assembly without electrode tabs. The battery cells correspond to commonly known constructions, and therefore a more detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Next, the fire-extinguishing unit 200 will be described in detail. The fire-extinguishing unit 200 includes a fire-extinguishing pack 210, a piezoelectric element 220, a connection circuit 230, and a breaking unit 240.
The fire-extinguishing pack 210 may have defined therein a space configured to receive a fire-extinguishing material, and may be made of at least one of a polyolefin-based resin, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene acrylate, or polybutylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, a polyurethane resin, and a polyimide resin, each of which has a predetermined thickness that can be torn by the breaking unit 240. In addition, the fire-extinguishing pack 210 may be located at one surface or opposite surfaces of each of the battery cells 100, and may be prismatic, which is similar to the outer shape of the battery cell 100. However, the fire-extinguishing pack may be amorphous, whereby the shape of the fire-extinguishing pack may be freely changed.
A fire-extinguishing material configured to inhibit an increase in temperature of the battery cells 100 to a predetermined temperature or higher or flames generated by outbreak of fire is contained in the fire-extinguishing pack 210. At least one of inorganic carbonate, inorganic phosphate, inorganic sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphate monobasic may be used as an example of the fire-extinguishing material. However, the fire-extinguishing material is not particularly restricted as long as the fire-extinguishing material is a material having a fire-extinguishing function.
Here, it is more preferable for the fire-extinguishing material to be liquid such that the fire-extinguishing material can be rapidly discharged, although the fire-extinguishing material may be powder.
The piezoelectric element 220, which is an element in which a piezoelectric phenomenon occurs, is also called a piezoelectric effect element. Crystalline quartz, tourmaline, or potassium sodium tartrate is commonly used as a raw material for the piezoelectric element 220. In recent years, an artificial crystal, such as barium titanate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or ethylenediamine tartrate, has been used. The material for the piezoelectric element is well known, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Here, the piezoelectric phenomenon, which is a phenomenon in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy, means a reversible phenomenon in which, when external force and vibration are applied to the piezoelectric element, positive charges and negative charges proportional to the external force are generated from opposite ends of the piezoelectric element, whereby an electrical signal is generated.
When the battery cell 100 swells or inflammable gas is generated in the battery cell, the piezoelectric element 220 generates voltage. That is, when gas is generated in the battery cell 100, the volume of the battery cell increases, and therefore pressure is applied to opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric element 220, which is located between the battery cell 100 and the fire-extinguishing pack 210 in tight contact therewith, whereby voltage is generated.
Here, it is preferable for the piezoelectric element 220 to be located adjacent to the middle of the battery cell 100. The reason for this is that, when the battery cell 100 swells, the volume of the battery cell at the middle thereof is first changed, whereby the piezoelectric element can more rapidly respond thereto.
The connection circuit 230 is located between the piezoelectric element 220 and the breaking unit 240 so as to electrically connect the piezoelectric element and the breaking unit to each other. That is, the connection circuit transmits voltage generated from the piezoelectric element 220 to the breaking unit 240 such that the shape of the breaking unit 240 is changed.
The breaking unit 240 includes a coupling portion 241 fixed to a predetermined part of the battery cell 100 or the fire-extinguishing pack 210 and a blade portion 242 extending from the edge of one side of the coupling portion 221.
The coupling portion 241 is fixed to the battery cell 100 or the fire-extinguishing pack 210 in order to prevent movement of the breaking unit 240. The blade portion 242 tears or breaks the fire-extinguishing pack 210 in order to discharge the fire-extinguishing material contained therein.
Here, it is preferable for the blade portion 242 to be configured such that the width of the blade portion (Y-axis direction) gradually decreases with increasing distance from the coupling portion 241 so as to have a pointed shape.
Meanwhile, it is preferable for the breaking unit 240 to be made of an electroactive polymer such that the shape of the blade portion 242 is changed by the voltage generated from the piezoelectric element 220, which will be described below in more detail.
The position of the breaking unit 240 is not particularly restricted as long as the breaking unit comes into tight contact with the fire-extinguishing pack 210. Preferably, the breaking unit is located in the vicinity of each of the electrode leads 110. More preferably, two or more breaking units are provided. The reason for this is that, when heat is generated from the battery cell 100 due to overcharging, a larger amount of heat is generated in the vicinity of each of the electrode leads 110, and therefore it is advantageous to first discharge the fire-extinguishing material to the vicinity of each of the electrode leads 110 in order to prevent occurrence of a secondary event.
Referring to
That is, when the battery cell 100 is repeatedly charged and discharged in a normal state, as shown in
A portion of the fire-extinguishing pack 210 ruptures as the result of deformation of the blade portion 242. As a result, the fire-extinguishing material contained in the fire-extinguishing pack is ejected to control overheating or fire of the battery cell 100.
Since the breaking unit 240 according to the present invention is a thin flat plate that is located between the battery cell 100 and the fire-extinguishing pack 210 and that is made of an electroactive polymer, which is deformed when voltage is applied thereto, as described above, a space occupied by the breaking unit is small, unlike a sensing device configured to sense temperature and voltage, whereby space utilization is improved, and therefore it is possible to improve energy density of the battery module.
Here, the electroactive polymer is classified as an ionic electroactive polymer (EAP), which contracts and expands due to movement and diffusion of ions when external voltage is applied thereto, or an electronic electroactive polymer (EAP), which is deformed by an electronic polarization phenomenon, based on the operation mode thereof. Examples of the ionic electroactive polymer include electrorheological fluids (ERP), carbon nanotubes (CNT), conductive polymers (CP), ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC), and ionic polymergels (IPG). The ionic electroactive polymer has various advantages such as high operating force, rapid response speed, and low application voltage.
Referring to
In the breaking unit 240 according to the second embodiment, when the volume of the battery cell 100 increases due to a swelling phenomenon thereof and voltage generated thereby is transmitted to the breaking unit, the four blade portions 242 rise by a predetermined angle to rupture a portion of the fire-extinguishing pack 210. Consequently, it is possible to induce rapid discharge of the fire-extinguishing material while reducing the installation number of the breaking unit 240.
In the breaking unit 240 according to the third embodiment shown in (b) of
In the breaking unit 240 according to the third embodiment, when the volume of the battery cell 100 increases due to a swelling phenomenon thereof and voltage generated thereby is transmitted to the breaking unit, the two blade portions 242 rise by a predetermined angle to rupture a portion of the fire-extinguishing pack 210. Consequently, it is possible to induce rapid discharge of the fire-extinguishing material while reducing the installation number of the breaking unit 240.
Of course, two blade portions 242 according to the third embodiment may be provided at one side of the quadrangular coupling portion 241 according to the second embodiment, the shape of the coupling portion 241 may be polygonal, for example triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal, or circular, and three or more blade portions 242 may be formed at the edge of one side of the coupling portion.
Referring to
The breaking unit 240 shown in (b) of
The breaking unit 240 shown in (c) of
The breaking unit 240 shown in (d) of
Although the specific details of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the detailed description thereof discloses only preferred embodiments of the present invention and thus does not limit the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications are possible, without departing from the category and the technical idea of the present invention, and it will be obvious that such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0053495 | May 2020 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2020/015842 | 11/12/2020 | WO |
