Patent Application
20190312447
The present disclosure relates to indicating a state-of-charge of an electronic charge-storing device, and more specifically, to indicating state-of-charge of an electronic charge-storing device in a container.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure (hereinafter, “embodiments”), a state-of-charge (SOC) circuit can have an SOC indicator circuit that includes an SOC indicator and a first and second SOC circuit contact connected to an SOC threshold circuit. The SOC circuit can comprise a reference voltage, an SOC voltage corresponding to the SOC of a charge-storing device, and a voltage comparator. The SOC voltage can correspond to an SOC of a charge-storing device connected to first and second SOC circuit contacts. The reference voltage can correspond to a threshold SOC, and the voltage comparator can compare the SOC voltage to the reference voltage.
By comparing the SOC voltage to the reference voltage, the voltage comparator can determine that the SOC voltage exceeds the reference voltage and, in response, can activate the SOC indicator. Embodiments can discharge the charge-storing device to the threshold SOC, in response to the voltage comparator determining that the SOC voltage exceeds the SOC voltage threshold.
By comparing the SOC voltage to the reference voltage, the voltage comparator can further determine that the SOC voltage does not exceed the SOC voltage and, in response, can deactivate the SOC indicator. Embodiments can minimally discharge the charge-storing device, in response to the voltage comparator determining that the SOC voltage does not exceed the SOC voltage threshold.
In embodiments, the voltage comparator can be an operational amplifier or, alternatively, can be a micro-controller, and the indicator can be visual, auditory, a display, or a communications interface. Embodiments can include a polarity detection circuit, which can indicate when a charge-storing device is connected to the SOC circuit in reverse polarity.
A container can include an SOC circuit, an SOC indicator, and a retainer within the container. The retainer can be electrically coupled to two SOC circuit contacts of the SOC circuit. The SOC circuit can activate the SOC indicator in response to a charge-storing device, connected to the two SOC circuit contacts, having a voltage corresponding to an SOC that exceeds a threshold SOC. The SOC circuit can deactivate the SOC indicator in response to the charge-storing device having a voltage corresponding to an SOC that does not exceed the threshold SOC. In embodiments, the SOC indicator can be observable external to the container. In embodiments, the container can be configured to store and/or transport one or more charge-storing devices, and in embodiments the container can be reusable.
A method for indicating SOC of a charge-storing device can detect that the charge-storing device has a voltage that exceeds a threshold voltage and, in response, the method can include activating an SOC indicator. The method can include deactivating the SOC indicator when the charge-storing device has a voltage that does not exceed the threshold voltage. The method can include minimally discharging the charge-storing device when the charge-storing device has a voltage that does not exceed the threshold voltage.
The foregoing summary is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure.
The drawings included in the present application are incorporated into, and form part of, the specification. They illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, along with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. The drawings are only illustrative of certain embodiments and do not limit the disclosure.
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Aspects of the present disclosure (hereinafter, “the disclosure”) relate to indicating a state-of-charge of an electric, and/or electronic, device capable of storing electric charge. More particular aspects of the disclosure relate to indicating a particular “threshold” state-of-charge of an electric and/or electronic device capable of storing an electric charge. While the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to such applications, various aspects of the disclosure may be appreciated through a discussion of various examples using this context.
A variety of electric and/or electronic devices are capable of storing an electric charge. Batteries and capacitors, and/or devices that incorporate batteries and/or capacitors are examples of such devices. Batteries can include various battery technologies, such as, for example, but not limited to lithium ion, lithium oxide, alkaline, gel batteries, and wet cell batteries. Electric and/or electronic devices can include or incorporate charge-storing, such as batteries and/or capacitors. Devices that can incorporate batteries include, for example, battery-powered electronic devices such as mobile phones, watches, cameras, and laptop computers. Devices that can utilize capacitors include, for example, camera flash devices; portable or hand-held tools that use capacitors, in lieu of batteries, to power the device; Marx generators; and, pulsed lasers. In general, there are many varieties of devices that can use batteries, capacitors, and/or combinations thereof, to provide electric power to electric or electronic devices.
As used herein, “charge-storing device”, refers to any device capable of storing electric charge, including batteries, capacitors, super-capacitors, and/or devices (such as the foregoing examples) that are otherwise capable of storing electric charge, or that utilize devices that store electric charge. It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that, “battery”, or “batteries”, as used to describe the ensuing examples of the disclosure, can encompass any type of charge-storing device, and/or devices that utilize and/or otherwise incorporate batteries and/or other charge-storing devices. Accordingly, “battery” is used herein to refer broadly, and interchangeably, to any type of charge-storing device and any type of device that includes, or otherwise incorporates, a charge-storing device, including, but not intended to be limiting to the foregoing examples.
In embodiments of the disclosure (hereinafter, “embodiments”), a state-of-charge (SOC) can correspond to, or be associated with, particular conditions of a battery. For example, a state-of-charge can correspond to a voltage that a battery can provide to an electric or electronic circuit. TABLE 1 illustrates an example of SOC of a battery, expressed as a percent of rated battery charge capacity, corresponding to particular voltages of that battery.
In another example, an SOC can correspond to other characteristics of a battery, such as an SOC that is safe for storing, and/or transporting, a battery. To illustrate, lithium ion batteries can experience failures that “short-circuit” the battery internally, and such internal short circuit failures can ignite the battery. Accordingly, government, and/or commercial, regulations, or practices, can specify a maximum SOC of lithium batteries considered safe for storage and/or transportation of the batteries. For example, a government regulation can limit lithium batteries transported in aircraft to an SOC no greater than 30% of the maximum SOC of the batteries (e.g., 3.8 volts using values in TABLE 1).
To illustrate another example characteristic corresponding to SOC, a battery can require a particular minimum SOC during storage (e.g., while stored in a warehouse, and not installed in an electronic device or connected to a charging device). For example, some batteries can exhibit shortened life cycles if stored for extended periods at low levels of charge. In yet another example, an SOC can correspond to a level of charge of a capacitor used in a Marx generator at which the generator can generate a desired energy pulse, or a level of charge of a capacitor used in a pulsed laser at which the laser emits a light pulse. As used herein, “threshold SOC” refers to an SOC of a particular battery associated with, or corresponding to, a particular characteristic of that battery.
Embodiments can benefit from mechanisms, such as electronic circuitry (hereinafter, “SOC circuitry”), to indicate, for example, that a battery exceeds (or, alternatively, does not exceed, such as is equal to, or less than) a particular “threshold” SOC. For example, embodiments suitable for air transport of lithium ion batteries can utilize SOC circuitry to indicate that each (and/or, all) of the batteries within a shipping container do not exceed a threshold SOC, such as a regulatory limit for air transport.
Voltage indication circuitry can be activated by manual intervention, such as pressing buttons, or pinching tabs or contact points, on a battery package. However, such manual activation can be cumbersome, expensive, and/or inefficient, particularly in applications or environments (e.g., manufacture or shipping) involving a large number of batteries, or devices utilizing or including batteries. Accordingly, it can be advantageous, in embodiments, to indicate the SOC of a battery (e.g., to indicate a threshold SOC, or a variation in SOC of a battery, above or below a threshold SOC) using automatic SOC circuitry that does not require manual interaction.
Automatic SOC circuitry, in embodiments, can make continuous electrical contact between one or more batteries and SOC circuitry. Continuous contact can have an advantage in simplicity (and, possibly, associated cost and/or reliability) in comparison to SOC circuitry that involves, for example, periodic switching of the SOC circuitry among individual batteries, and/or sets of batteries. For example, an embodiment can comprise a shipping (and/or a storage) container for lithium ion batteries and SOC circuitry to continuously indicate that the batteries within the container exceed (or, alternatively, do not exceed) a regulatory SOC (for example, 30% SOC). In such an embodiment, SOC circuitry can be in continuous electrical contact with each battery in the container.
However, it can be undesirable, and/or disadvantageous, for embodiments to discharge a battery below a desirable, or required, SOC (e.g., an SOC less than a regulatory maximum SOC, but not less than an SOC desired for storing or shipping) while the battery is in contact with SOC circuitry. For example, it can be desirable to store or receive (e.g., from transit) a battery at an SOC close to a threshold SOC while SOC circuitry is in continuous contact with the battery during storage or transit. Accordingly, it can be further advantageous, in embodiments, to minimally discharge the battery when the battery voltage is less than a threshold (e.g., regulatory limit) SOC voltage or, alternatively, a particular SOC less than the threshold SOC.
For example, a current of about 7 microamperes sourced by a typical lithium cell battery can correspondingly require about 12 years to deplete the battery charge from an initial SOC of 30%. In embodiments, SOC circuitry can be in contact with a battery for periods of days, weeks, months, or even several years for storage or transport. Limiting discharge current, in embodiments, while in contact with the cell can comprise minimally discharging the battery from an SOC below a threshold SOC, in comparison to the time to fully discharge that battery at the limited discharge current. As used herein, “minimally discharging” a battery refers to discharging the battery so as to not substantially alter the SOC of the battery, below a particular SOC, over a period of time that an embodiment is in continuous contact with the battery.
For purposes of illustrating the examples of the disclosure, but not intended to limit embodiments, connecting a battery to an SOC circuit comprises connecting positive and negative polarity terminals of the battery to corresponding circuit contacts of an SOC circuit. As used herein, and for only purposes of describing the example embodiments of the disclosure, but not intended to limit embodiments, “normal polarity” refers to a configuration of a battery connected to an SOC circuit in which the battery positive and negative polarity terminals are connected, respectively, to corresponding positive and negative contacts of an SOC circuit (e.g., battery positive to SOC circuit positive, and battery negative to SOC circuit negative). Further, as used herein, and also for only purposes of describing the example embodiments of the disclosure, but not intended to limit embodiments, “reverse” polarity refers to a configuration of a battery connected to an SOC circuit in which the battery positive and negative polarity terminals are connected, respective opposite polarity contacts of an SOC circuit (e.g., battery positive to SOC circuit negative, and battery negative to SOC circuit positive).
Example SOC circuit 100 comprises SOC circuit contacts 102A and 104A connecting to respective wires 102B and 104B SOC threshold circuit 140; SOC indicator circuit 150; and, optionally, polarity detection circuit 160. In embodiments, contacts 102A and 104A can have, respectively, positive and negative polarities, and can be configured to connect to polarity contacts (e.g., positive and negative terminals) of a battery. In embodiments, an SOC circuit can compare the voltage of a battery, connected between a positive and negative contact of the SOC circuit, to a reference voltage to determine if the battery is at an SOC that does or, alternatively, does not, exceed a threshold SOC.
To illustrate, example SOC threshold circuit 140 comprises resistors 106A and 106B, voltage reference 110, and operational amplifier 112 that can compare the voltage of a battery, connected to 102A and 104A, to a reference voltage to determine if the battery is at an SOC less than a threshold SOC. Voltage reference 110 is shown connected to wires 102B and 104B at 120D and 122E, respectively, and can output (e.g., on wire 118B) a voltage corresponding to a threshold SOC voltage (e.g., a voltage corresponding to 30% SOC of a battery). In embodiments, voltage reference 110 can be, for example, a voltage regulator.
Resistors 106A, 106B, and 106D are shown connected in series between wire 104B at respective connections 120B and 122C. In embodiments, the series connection of 106A and 106B can operate, at connection 118A, as a voltage divider and the voltage at 118A can vary in correspondence to the SOC of a battery connected in normal polarity at 102A and 104A. The relative values of resistors 106A and 106B can be selected such that the voltage at 118A matches the reference voltage output by voltage reference 110, on wire 118B, when the battery has the threshold SOC.
In embodiments, in response to a voltage (e.g., a voltage corresponding to a battery SOC) that exceeds a voltage corresponding to a particular SOC (e.g., a threshold SOC), an SOC threshold circuit, such as 140, can activate an SOC indicator circuit, such as 150. Activating the SOC indicator circuit can cause the SOC indicator circuit to turn on an indicator (e.g., illuminate a light or a display, emit an audible sound, etc.). Similarly, in embodiments, in response to a voltage (e.g., a voltage corresponding to a battery SOC) that does not exceed a voltage corresponding to a particular SOC (e.g., a threshold SOC), an SOC threshold circuit, such as 140, can deactivate an SOC indicator circuit, such as 150. Deactivating the SOC indicator circuit can cause the SOC indicator circuit to turn off an indicator (e.g., turn off a light or a display, not emit an audible sound, etc.).
To illustrate, in SOC threshold circuit 140, operational amplifier 112 connects between wires 102B and 104B at 120E and 122F, respectively, and, by means of these connections, can receive operating power from a battery connected at 102A and 104B. Operational amplifier 112 receives the voltage divider voltage at 118A by means of wire 118C connecting to a negative input of operational amplifier 112, and receives the reference voltage from voltage reference 110 by means of wire 118B connecting to a positive input of operational amplifier 112. SOC indicator circuit 150 comprises resistor 114 and light-emitting diode (LED) 116 connected in series between wire 102B and operational amplifier 112 output 118D. Based on the comparative input voltages received from 118B and 118C, operational amplifier 112 can permit sufficient current to flow between 120E and 118D, through resistor 114 and LED 116, to light LED 116, thereby activating SOC indicator circuit 150. Also, based on the comparative input voltages received from 118B and 118C, operational amplifier 112 can limit current flow between 120E and 118D, through resistor 114 and LED 116, to a current insufficient to light LED 116, thereby deactivating SOC indicator circuit 150.
For example, if the voltage received from 118C (corresponding to the voltage divider voltage at 118A) exceeds the reference voltage received from 118B, the operational amplifier can present a voltage, at 118D, approaching the battery negative voltage, present at 122F on wire 104B, such that there is sufficient current through LED 116 to light LED 116, thereby activating SOC indicator circuit 150. Alternatively, if the voltage received from 118C (corresponding to the voltage divider voltage at 118A, which in turn corresponds to an SOC of the battery) does not exceed the reference voltage received from 118B, the operational amplifier can present a voltage, at 118D, approaching the battery positive voltage, present on wire 102B at 120E, such that there is insufficient current through LED 116 to light the LED, thereby deactivating SOC indicator circuit 150. As illustrated by example SOC circuit 100, embodiments can provide a visual indication that a battery SOC exceeds a threshold SOC by illuminating an LED (e.g., LED 116), and/or that a battery as at an SOC that does not exceed a threshold SOC by not illuminating an LED (e.g., LED 116).
In embodiments, resistor 114 of example of SOC circuit 100 can operate to limit current through LED 116, and/or to dissipate power, to avoid reducing the operating life of LED 116 (e.g., such that LED 116 does not burn out unduly quickly), when a battery connected to SOC circuit 100 exceeds the threshold SOC and LED 116 is activated (e.g., illuminated). Also in embodiments, resistor 114 can be selected to discharge a battery, connected to the SOC circuit, to an SOC at or below a threshold SOC when that battery has a charge above the SOC threshold and the SOC circuit activates LED 116. It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in that art that other modifications to SOC circuit 100 are possible to discharge a battery to, or below, a threshold SOC, when that battery has an SOC above the threshold SOC.
As previously described, in embodiments the components of an SOC circuit, such as 100, can be selected to minimally discharge a battery connected to the SOC circuit. For example, resistors 106A and 106B, voltage reference 110, and/or operational amplifier 112 can be selected such that when a battery connected at 102A and 104A is at an SOC that does not exceed a threshold SOC (corresponding to the reference voltage at 118B), the current through these components minimally discharges the battery (e.g., these components draw less than about 7 microamperes from a lithium cell battery at or below 30% SOC).
In embodiments, it can be desirable to enable an SOC circuit to monitor a battery for one period of time (e.g., while in transit), and disable the SOC circuit monitoring the battery at other times (e.g., while in storage awaiting transit). Accordingly,
As illustrated, SOC circuit 100 can monitor SOC of a battery when the battery is connected in normal polarity. However, a battery can be erroneously connected to SOC circuit 100 in reverse polarity (i.e., battery positive terminal to 104A and battery negative terminal to 102A). Accordingly, embodiments can optionally include reverse-bias protection for components of an SOC circuit, such as diodes 108A and/or 108B, connected to wire 104B at 122B and 122D, respectively, that can provide reverse-bias protection for components of SOC circuit 100 (e.g., voltage reference 110 and/or operational amplifier 112). Resistor 106 connects to diode 108B on wire 102B between connections 120B and 120C and, in embodiments, can operate to prevent a short circuit through a battery connected in reverse polarity to 102A and 102B. Resistor 106D connects between diode 108A and wire 102B also to provide reverse bias protection to components of 140.
Additionally, it can be advantageous, in embodiments, to indicate (e.g., to a human connecting a battery to an SOC circuit) that a battery is connected to an SOC circuit in reverse polarity. Accordingly,
Embodiments of a polarity detection circuit can include other means of indicating a reverse polarity of a battery connected to an SOC circuit (e.g., 100). For example, a polarity detection circuit, such as 160, can include a speaker, and the speaker can be included in addition to, or in place of, LED 126 and/or resistor 128. The speaker can provide an audible indication that a battery is connected to SOC circuit 100 in reverse polarity. However, these examples are not intended to be limiting to embodiments, and it would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that various circuits and/or device types can be included in a polarity detection circuit that can indicate that a battery is connected to the SOC circuit in reverse polarity.
Alternative embodiments of an SOC circuit can monitor the SOC of a battery connected to the circuit independent of the polarity of the connections between the battery and the SOC circuit. To illustrate, in
SOC circuit 200 comprises circuit contacts 202A and 204A connecting to respective wires 202B and 204B, SOC threshold circuit 240, and SOC indicator circuit 250. SOC circuit 200 further comprises SOC threshold circuit 140, of example SOC circuit 100 in
In SOC threshold circuit 250, for the case of a battery connected by its positive polarity terminal to 204A and its negative polarity terminal to 202A (which can be considered, for purposes of the example of
Voltage reference 210, in
SOC indicator circuit 250 comprises resistor 214 and LED 216 connected in series to wire 202B, at 222E, and to output 228 of operational amplifier 212. Similar to example SOC circuit 100 of
Similar to example SOC circuit 100 of
While not shown, in embodiments, an SOC circuit can optionally include a switch, such as switch 124 in SOC circuit 100 of
As previously described in reference to
Also, as previously described in reference to SOC circuit 100 of
Embodiments can further reduce discharge of a battery connected to an SOC circuit by including an alternative power source for the SOC circuit, so as to further reduce current drawn from the battery to operate components of the SOC circuit.
In
SOC threshold circuit 340 includes resistors 306A and 306B, connected in series to wires 302B and 304B at 322A and 324B, respectively. SOC threshold circuit 340 further includes resistors 308A and 308B, connected in series to wires 302B and 304B at 322C and 324C, respectively. In embodiments, as previously described in reference to
Wire 302C connects to a positive polarity output of DC power source 320 at 322G, and wire 304B connects to a negative polarity output of DC power source 320 at 324F. In embodiments, DC power source 320 can provide operating power to components connecting between positive polarity wire 302C and negative polarity wire 304B, such that these components of SOC circuit 300 do not draw power from the battery connected to SOC circuit 300 at 302A and 304A.
To illustrate, in SOC threshold circuit 340, voltage reference 310 can provide, at 316, a voltage corresponding to a particular battery SOC (e.g., a threshold SOC) and can provide this reference voltage to positive inputs of operational amplifiers, such as 312 and 314 in SOC threshold circuit 340. Operational amplifiers 312 and 314 receive, at respective negative inputs, the voltage present at 306D and 308D, respectively, which can (in embodiments) correspond to an SOC of a battery connected at 302A and 304A of SOC circuit 300.
In embodiments, operational amplifiers 312 and 314 can compare the negative input voltages received from 306D and 308D, respectively, with the reference voltage received from 316, such as in the manner previously described with reference to
SOC circuit 300 further comprises SOC indicator circuit 350, which can be similar to the example of SOC indicator circuit 150 of
SOC threshold circuit 340 also includes diode 306C, connected to wire 304B at 324A, and diode 308C connected to wire 302B at 322B. As previously described in reference to
In SOC circuit 300, as previously discussed, DC power source 320 can provide operating power to components of SOC threshold circuit 340 connected to wires 302C and 304B, and/or to other components connected to wires 302C and 304B. Voltage reference 310 connects to wires 302C and 304B at 322D and 324D, respectively. Similarly, operational amplifiers 312 and 314 connect to wires 302C and 304B at respective connections points 322E and 324E, and 322F and 324F. Accordingly, in SOC circuit 300 voltage reference 310 and operational amplifiers 312 and 314, can receive operating power from DC power source 320 and, correspondingly, can avoid drawing power from a battery connected to SOC circuit 300.
DC power source 320 can be any of a variety of power sources, such as other batteries, a DC power transformer connected to an AC power source, or any DC power source that can provide proper voltage and sufficient current to provide operating power to the components of an SOC circuit such as the example of SOC circuit 300. Additionally, while not shown in
Similar to the previous description of SOC circuit 200, in
As previously described in reference to SOC circuit 100 of
In other embodiments, an SOC circuit can utilize a micro-controller to monitor SOC of one or more batteries.
In
SOC threshold circuit 440 comprises resistors 406A and 406B, connected in series to wires 402B and 404B at respective connections 406D and 406F, and micro-controller 408A. Micro-controller 408A connects to wire 414A at 412C, and to wire 404B at 412D. SOC indicator circuit 450 comprises display 408B, which connects to wire 414A at 412E and to wire 404B at 412F. Similar to SOC circuits 100, 200, and 300, diode 406C is optional and can provide reverse-bias protection for components of SOC threshold circuit 440, such as micro-controller 408.
As previously described in reference to SOC circuit 300 of
As previously described in reference to the example SOC circuits of
To illustrate, in SOC threshold circuit 440 micro-controller 408A connects by means of input wire 410A to 406E. Micro-controller 408A can thereby receive a voltage, from 406E, that can correspond to an SOC of a battery connected at 402A and 404A. Micro-controller 408 can be programmed with one or more reference voltages corresponding to particular SOC values (e.g., a threshold SOC) of a battery (or, alternatively, a particular type of battery or charge-storage device) and can compare the input voltage on 410A to these reference voltages. Based on the comparison, micro-controller 408A can determine if a battery, connected at 402A and 404A, has an SOC that exceeds a threshold SOC.
As further illustrated in
In embodiments, micro-controller 408A can monitor voltage inputs to determine other SOC characteristics of batteries connected to SOC circuits that input to the SOC monitor circuit micro-controller. For example, the micro-controller can monitor input voltages to determine if a battery (connected to an SOC circuit input to the micro-controller) has an SOC that is too high (e.g., greater than 100%) or too low (near 0%) for, or an SOC (e.g., less than 5%) that can damage, a battery of a particular type.
SOC threshold circuit 440 can output SOC information to SOC indicator circuit 450 as output from micro-controller 408 to display 408B on interface 410C, thereby activating SOC indicator circuit 450. The information can include status (e.g., less than, at, and/or above a threshold SOC), and/or a SOC, of each of the batteries connected to inputs (e.g., 410A and/or 410B) of the micro-controller, and display 408B can display the status and/or SOC values visually. Micro-controller 408 can output error information to display 408B, such as error information associated with the SOC voltages received at inputs (e.g., 410A and/or one or more of 410B), and/or associated with SOC threshold circuit 440.
In embodiments, display 408B can be any type of visual display, such as an LCD screen, color electronic display, or, for example, a set of LEDs (each of the same, or alternatively, different color light), each corresponding to one or more of the batteries, or corresponding to a state (e.g., at or above a threshold SOC) of one or more of the batteries. Also, in embodiments, interface 410C can be a wire, or set of wires (e.g., a data bus); a network interface; or a communications interface. It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that interface 410C can comprise any interface suitable for a micro-controller to communicate information including and/or related to a battery SOC to a device capable of displaying the information, and according to the type and/or content of the information and/or type or manner of operation of the display device.
In embodiments, micro-controller 408A can include a sleep mode, and can enter sleep mode whenever it determines that no voltage inputs to micro-controller 408A represent a battery at or above (or, alternatively, all voltage inputs represent all batteries below) an SOC threshold. Also, in embodiments, micro-controller 408A can include adjustable SOC thresholds, such as an SOC threshold corresponding to one type of battery and a different SOC threshold corresponding to a different type of battery. In another example, micro-controller 408A can have thresholds to output information or activate an indicator circuit in which the thresholds correspond to an amount of time the batteries have been monitored, or to temperatures at which the batteries have been monitored. It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that a micro-controller can apply a variety of adjustable SOC or other thresholds to various applications and/or environmental conditions of batteries and/or battery types.
While the foregoing example SOC indicator circuits of
Additionally, the example SOC circuits of
It would further be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that embodiments can couple an SOC indicator circuit to an SOC threshold circuit in manners other than shown in
Embodiments can be battery containers (e.g., for storage or transport), and/or battery packages (e.g., for inclusion in a container and/or commercial display), and can include SOC circuits, such as the examples previously described in reference to
For example, a shipping, and/or storage, container for one or more batteries can include SOC circuits that connect to the batteries and can indicate an SOC of the batteries. Indicators (e.g., LEDs, or displays) associated with (e.g., activated by) SOC circuits can be located in, or on, a container so as to be observable (e.g., visible) without opening or otherwise manipulating the container. Accordingly, the SOC circuits can indicate to an external observer that particular batteries (or, alternatively, groups of batteries) exceed, or do not exceed, a voltage corresponding to an SOC threshold voltage. For example, a battery that exceeds a voltage corresponding to a regulatory limit SOC can cause an associated SOC circuit to illuminate an LED visible external to the container, and a battery that does not exceed a voltage corresponding to the regulatory limit SOC can cause the associated SOC circuit to not illuminate the LED.
To illustrate,
Example battery slot 500, in
In embodiments, an indicator can be mounted, or otherwise exposed, external to a container, such that the indication can be observed without manipulation of the container and/or the slot within the container or package. In embodiments, wires 508C can connect SOC circuit 502 (or, an indicator circuit included within an SOC circuit) to an indicator, such as a visual (e.g., an LED) and/or audible (e.g., a speaker) indicator observable external to a container that includes battery slots such as the example of 500. In embodiments, wires 508C can comprise, for example, a positive and negative wire (or, for example, using an SOC circuit such as 200 of
To further illustrate the example of
Container 600 further comprises SOC indicators 602, which can be located on an external surface of the container, or otherwise made observable external to container 602. In embodiments, and using the example of battery slot 500 of
Externally observable indicators, such as 602, need not, be, or be solely, visual indicators in embodiments. Rather, embodiments can utilize audible indicators in place of, or in addition to, visual indicators. Embodiments can include communications interfaces that can receive SOC circuit signals (e.g., voltages output from an SOC threshold circuit, or information from a micro-controller) that activate indicators 602, in addition to or in lieu of activating indicators 602, and the communications interface can transmit one or more messages associated with the SOC circuit signals on a communications network.
Embodiments can utilize a container such as 600, for example, as a container for storing, displaying, and/or transporting one or more batteries and can be capable of indicating one or more batteries having an SOC exceeding an SOC regulatory limit (e.g., 30% of battery capacity for transporting a lithium-ion battery by air). In embodiments, SOC circuits within each slot 604 of container 600 can be designed such that the SOC circuit of each slot illuminates the corresponding indicator 602 (e.g., according to the manner of example SOC circuits in
Similarly, in embodiments, SOC circuits within each slot 604 of container 600 can be designed such that an SOC circuit of the slot turns off the corresponding indicator 602 (e.g., according to the manner of example SOC circuits in
While
In embodiments, retainers suitable for charge-storing devices, and/or devices including charge-storing devices (e.g., batteries or devices including batteries), within a container, can be other than slots such as the examples of
Embodiments of a container, such as 600, can employ a variety of materials to contain batteries and/or form slots for the batteries, such as cardboard, foam, or metal, or combinations thereof. Embodiments of a container can be single use, or can be reusable. In embodiments, a container can contain only a single battery, such as a container for a large battery used marine or commercial applications. It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in that art that embodiments of a container utilizing SOC circuits, such as the foregoing example of container 600, can be formed in a variety of geometries, utilize a variety of materials, and/or contain one or a plurality of batteries (or, broadly, charge storing devices such as previously described), within the scope of the disclosure.
Embodiments can include a method to indicate an SOC condition of a battery.
At 702, the circuit detects a voltage of a battery between two contacts of the circuit. At 704, the circuit determines if the battery voltage exceeds a particular threshold voltage, such as a voltage corresponding to a particular SOC. In embodiments, one contact of the circuit can have a positive electric polarity and the other contact can have a negative electric polarity and, at 702, the circuit can detect the battery voltage if the battery is connected to the circuit in normal polarity (e.g., a positive polarity terminal of a battery connected to a positive polarity contact of the circuit, and a negative polarity terminal of the battery connected to a negative polarity contact of the circuit). In alternative embodiments, at 702, the circuit can detect the battery voltage in either normal or reverse polarity (e.g., a positive polarity terminal of a battery connected to a negative polarity contact of the circuit, and a negative polarity terminal of the battery connected to a positive polarity contact of the circuit). In embodiments of the method, the circuit can operate so as to minimally discharge the battery below the threshold voltage while the battery remains in contact with the circuit.
Optionally, in response to detecting a battery voltage at 702, the circuit can perform sub-method 720. At 722, the circuit can determine if the battery is connected in reverse polarity. If the circuit, at 722, detects the battery connected in reverse polarity, at 724 the circuit can activate an indicator (e.g., an LED) to indicate the reverse polarity condition. Such embodiments can perform sub-method 720 using, for example, a polarity detection circuit such as 160 of
If, at 704, the circuit determines that the battery voltage exceeds the SOC threshold voltage, at 706 the circuit can activate an SOC indicator. If, at 704, the circuit determines that the battery voltage does not exceed the SOC threshold voltage, at 708 the circuit can place or, alternatively, maintain, the SOC indicator in an inactive state. In response to determining, at 704, that the battery voltage does not exceed the SOC threshold voltage, embodiments can minimally discharge the battery.
Embodiments can perform 704, 706, and/or 708 using, for example, an SOC threshold circuit and/or SOC indicator circuit, such as previously described in the example SOC circuits of
In response to determining, at 704, that the battery voltage exceeds the SOC threshold voltage, embodiments can, optionally, perform 710 to discharge the battery to a voltage that does not exceed the SOC threshold voltage. To discharge the battery, at 710, embodiments can, for example, use methods previously described in reference to SOC circuits 100, 200, and 300 of
While the foregoing examples are directed to charge-storing devices (e.g., batteries and/or capacitors) themselves, it would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that, in embodiments, SOC circuits can further apply to devices that include, or incorporate, charge-storing devices. For example, a shipping container can contain laptop computers, mobile phones, and/or other consumer electronic devices, and embodiments of a shipping container (or, other packaging) can include SOC circuits, such as the previously described examples, to indicate an SOC of the charge-storing devices (e.g., a battery) within the laptop computers, mobile phones, and/or other consumer electronic devices contained in the shipping container, and that SOC indicators can be made visible, in embodiments, external to packages containing these devices, and/or the shipping container.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
