Patent Application
20210091436
The invention relates to a battery storage system comprising a battery receiving device and one or more battery units with bidirectional inductive coupling of the individual battery units with one another and/or with the battery receiving device with simultaneous mechanical separation and tool-free interchangeability of the battery units.
From the prior art, battery stores, both in individual cells, as well as connected in parallel and in series, are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art. The term battery should also be understood as battery storage with secondary cells, in particular accumulators as a rechargeable storage device for electrical energy on an electrochemical basis.
In order to achieve higher voltages, individual cells are connected in series until a voltage between 14 volts and 60 volts is reached. All known electrochemical secondary elements such as lithium-ion batteries, lead batteries, nickel-metal-hydride batteries, metal-air batteries and redox flow batteries can be used as battery cells. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, fuel cell plug-in units and plug-in units for primary batteries can also be used. Primary batteries are e.g. metal-air batteries, zinc-carbon batteries.
In order to achieve higher currents, batteries are connected in parallel. In the example of lithium-ion batteries, individual cells are connected both in parallel and in series. An example of lithium-ion batteries is the connection of 14 round cell packs and 6 cells each in parallel. Another example is the interconnection of rectangular flat cells.
For the use of battery storage systems in mains operation or in mains backup operation for the range of 230 volts or 400 volts or 480 volts (three-phase current), it is necessary to convert the direct voltage and direct current (DC) of the battery (DC (I)) into an alternating voltage and alternating current (AC) and then raise it to the required level using a transformer. This is done via a DC(1)-AC(1)-AC(2)-inverter. Depending on the output voltage, a DC(2)-raise up stage is also used. Then it is a DC(1)-DC(2)-AC(1)-AC(2) inverter or rectifier with additional adjustment to the useful current and voltage, which are usually galvanically connected to one another. In order to be able to recharge the battery at the same time, a bidirectional use of the power electronics is desirable. Everything described up to this point is state of the art and is available on the market in a large number of products.
The disadvantage of the prior art is that it is complicated to handle when charging and discharging the batteries. Electrical contact points must be connected and disconnected through galvanic connections between the batteries and charging and discharging stations, with the risk of incorrect operation/short circuits and mechanical damage on the one hand, and a risk to operational safety and the persons involved on the other.
The object of the present invention is to propose a battery system that enables simplified, error-minimized handling with high operational reliability for charging and discharging battery units for a large number of applications.
This object is achieved by a battery system as described herein. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also described.
According to the invention, a battery receiving device and one or more battery units are proposed, wherein the battery unit can be coupled bidirectionally inductively to one another and/or to the battery receiving device for charging and discharging. The battery receiving device can be connected to an external electrical energy source and/or energy sink. Each battery unit comprises a coil unit and the battery receiving device comprises a storage seat for each removable battery unit with a magnetically complementary coupled coil unit for inserting and removing a battery unit toolless.
In other words, a battery storage system is described in which an AC(1)-AC(2)-upgrade as described above is distributed over two spatially separated units, the battery unit and the battery receiving device. As a result, the total capacity of the total storage of the battery system can now be separated into individual packing units of the battery units in a galvanically isolated manner.
In the following, the term battery unit is intended to mean the battery cells with additional electronics and a coil unit in an essentially encapsulated housing. The term battery receiving device stands for a housing or a cabinet with storage seats and complementary coil units that hold individual battery units. The battery receiving device contains at least one or more receiving coil units AC(2) and subsequent power electronics.
According to the invention a contactless connection by induction of the battery units in their housing to the battery receiving device occur. The battery cells and the electronics for the respective packing unit of the battery units are located in a closed, essentially encapsulated and preferably watertight housing, the battery housing, with several individual cells being able to be combined to form a packing unit of the battery units. The battery unit may include a battery management system (BMS), communication interfaces, fuses, a rectifier, a chopper/inverter, and a coil winding [DC(1)-DC(2)-AC(2)] referred to as a coil unit and corresponds to one half of a transformer, which can preferably have a turns ratio of 10-30. In addition, further electronics such as a temperature measurement sensor, a voltage sensor and a data storage unit can be included in the battery unit.
The great advantage of this design is that the battery unit in its housing can be removed and exchanged during operation, safely and without electrical technical knowledge (“hot-swappable”).
In an advantageous embodiment, the coil unit of the battery unit and the coil unit of the battery receiving device can be mechanically separated with a maximum distance between the AC-AC coil of 110 mm, preferably 100 mm, particularly preferably 10 mm and in particular 1 mm. The distance can be provided by at least one coil coupling plate, preferably a thin coil coupling plate covering a coil or coil arrangement of the coil unit, which is arranged at the battery-side and preferably designed at the same time as a side wall of a housing of the battery unit. The coil coupling plate can advantageously have segmented ferromagnetic partial areas which are formed on contact surfaces of a ferrite core half-shell of the coil arrangement so that an essentially continuous magnetic field closure of the ferrite core half-shells of opposing coil units can be achieved.
In an advantageous embodiment, at least one coil unit comprises a single coil, which is essentially shaped as an elliptical elongated flat coil, wherein preferably a coil winding consists of a high-frequency braid and the coil unit is optimized in terms of its mechanical dimensions and electromagnetic parameters for a frequency range of 50-100 kHz, in particular for an operating frequency of 70 kHz. The coil is preferably arranged in a half-shell housing, in particular made of aluminum, and is embedded in a ferrite core half-shell made of segmented ferrite elements, so that the coil unit has a thickness to length/width ratio of at least 1:5, preferably 1:8, in particular 1:10 or higher. In this respect, a particularly thin, two-dimensionally extended coil unit is constructed, which is ideally suited as a cover for a side surface of a battery unit with a small overall depth. Due to the simple structure within a half-shell, both the coil and the ferrite core half-shell can be constructed in a modular manner and simply assembled by machine. A receiving area for sensor electronics of an NFC unit, in particular Bluetooth or RFID, can also be provided in the half-shell housing, and the coil units of the battery unit and the battery receiving device can be constructed in an identical complementary manner. In particular, the coil unit is constructed mirror-symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal axis, so that it can be used as identical parts in the battery unit and battery receiving device. In this respect, on the battery unit side, the coil unit with NFC unit and induction coil contains all connection and communication elements with respect to the outside world that can be contacted via a single housing side, preferably the smallest housing side in terms of area, the front side of a usually cuboid housing.
In an advantageous embodiment, several battery units accommodated in a battery receiving device can provide a total electrical capacity of 1.5 kWh to 1700 kWh.
In an advantageous embodiment, at least two or more battery systems can be connected to two or more battery systems to form a larger system complex.
In an advantageous embodiment, the battery unit and/or each storage seat can be comprised of a mechanical and/or a magnetic locking unit for releasable locking a replaceable battery unit. The locking unit enables insertion of the battery unit into the storage seat in the correct position and/or prevents unintentional removal of the battery unit, preferably in a charging and/or discharging phase. A mechanical locking unit can include, for example, mechanical locking structures in the housing shape of the battery unit and/or in the insertion opening of the storage seat to prevent incorrect position orientation when inserting the battery unit, and also a pull-out lock that can be activated by an actuating element can prevent unintentional pulling out of the storage seat, so that after locking the Battery unit in the storage seat an exact alignment of the coil units to one another is guaranteed. Alternatively or additionally, for example, a DC magnet coil on the storage seat can attract a ferromagnetic yoke element arranged inside the housing of the battery unit at least when charging or discharging the battery unit with a predefined power value, in order to prevent the battery unit from being removed in a force-locking manner, until an energy transfer is ended electronically regulated. Furthermore, it is advantageously conceivable that, in the event of a fault detection, a motor-driven ejection factor, or a magnetic coil arrangement based on the principle of repelling magnetic fields, can be provided as an ejection factor in the storage seat and/or battery unit, which, when a fault or warning is detected by the battery unit or the battery receiving device, e.g. from excessive current load, unusual temperature or pressure increase or the like, or e.g. in the event of incompatible data communication or unpaid energy costs, automatically (partially) ejected from the storage facility.
The battery receiving device and/or the battery unit advantageously detects the amount of electrical energy consumed or output in the form of a Coulomb counting. A coulomb stored by a battery unit as an ampere second is an amount of charge that can be picked up or released by a battery unit and can be determined, for example, by measuring time-based charging and discharging currents. The measurement of the total amount of charge taken up and released provides—based on a reference value—indirect information about the charge status of a battery unit, wherein the condition and quality of the battery unit over its lifetime can be recorded with chronological recording. The Coulomb counting can advantageously be recorded chronologically, for example, in a block chain-like data structure within the battery unit or in a cloud storage device and stored centrally in a cloud storage device via the battery storage device, for example, in order to obtain an analysis of the behavior of all identical battery units and, for example, to change a charge and discharge behavior with increasing age or to provide an exchange or changed use of the battery unit. A tariffing and monetary evaluation of the use of the battery unit can be carried out on the basis of Coulomb counting.
A battery management system of the battery unit advantageously provides active balancing of the cell charge. To increase the nominal voltage, battery packs usually consist of several individual cells or cell blocks connected in series, whereby in practice cells are charged and discharged differently. There are several different methods of balancing, i.e. a balance of the amount of charge between the cells, which are referred as passive and active balancing. With passive balancing, cells that have already reached the end-of-charge voltage are connected by a balancing circuit to an additional resistor in parallel with the cell, whereby the voltage of this cell is limited to the end-of-charge voltage. This cell is then only slightly further charged or even slightly discharged, while the cells in the series connection which have not yet reached the end-of-charge voltage continue to be supplied with the full charging current. In active balancers, the balancer circuit realizes a charge transfer between neighboring cells and transfers the energy from cells with a higher charge to cells with a lower charge. The advantage of active balancing is the significantly higher degree of efficiency, since excess energy is only converted to a small degree into heat, so that the battery unit maintains a longer service life and high capacity over the period of use.
In an advantageous embodiment, the battery receiving device can comprise at least one storage seat, preferably two or more storage seats with at least one magnetically complementary connectable coil unit, preferably one coil unit per storage seat for inserting and removing a battery unit without tools. The storage seat can have a typical 19 inch-locking dimension so that, in particular in the case of a battery receiving device with a large number of storage seat, it is possible to fall back on industry-standard designs for a rack for electrical devices with a standardized width of 19 inches, in which the individual devices (slide-in units″) that can be mounted in the rack have a front panel width of exactly 48.26 centimeters (=19″) (e.g.: subracks). A height unit is specified as 1.75 inches (=4.445 cm), a division unit (TE) for the module width within a slot with ⅕ inch (=5.08 mm), so that the maximum size of a battery unit adapted for this is given. Such a 19-inch rack system is standardized for industry-wide compatibility (EIA 310-D, IEC 60297 and DIN 41494 SC48D) and offers a modular system for providing a farm of battery units. Furthermore, a pressing unit, in particular a spring element, can preferably be arranged in the storage seat for exerting a spring-loaded pressing force on the battery unit in the inserted state in the direction of the coil unit. The spring element can be designed, for example, as a curved sliding plate. Thus, when the battery unit is pushed into the storage seat, it is ensured that the coil units are closely opposite one another. After the battery unit has been pushed into the storage seat, the pressing unit can also be provided by a mechanical wedging effect of an actuating mechanism, for example by means of a door mechanism.
Each storage unit of the battery receiving device advantageously comprises an NFC unit, which communicates in 1:1 communication with the battery unit that is received. It is also conceivable that a single NFC unit communicates with a plurality of battery units. A 1:1 relationship of coil units and NFC units per storage unit can thus advantageously be provided, but also a 1:X relationship of the coil unit and NFC unit of the battery receiving device with a plurality of battery units.
Furthermore, each battery receiving device advantageously comprises a higher-level battery management system that can communicate with each battery unit via the NFC interface and control the charging and discharging process of the battery units, and can initially read out operationally relevant parameters of the battery units. In particular, internal communication can take place via an EMC-resistant, robust RS-485 data bus. The battery management system on the storage seat side is advantageously connected to the Internet via an Internet gateway in order to exchange data with a central data memory, in particular a cloud application, and to enable networked data monitoring of the battery units. This also enables a universal billing system and the life cycle of each battery unit can be predicted. Thus, a two-stage battery management system is provided, each battery unit comprising an individual battery management system that can be monitored, controlled and, if necessary, supplied with updates by the higher-level battery management system of the battery receiving device.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the battery receiving device, the aforementioned superordinate battery management system has an intermediate circuit with a DC intermediate circuit voltage of 400V to 800V. At this level of the intermediate circuit voltage, DC high-voltage energy can be fed in or released directly, so that, for example, photovoltaic cells can feed in high-voltage directly or vehicles can draw high-voltage voltage directly for charging or operating the on-board network. In this respect, such a battery receiving device can also provide directly for the delivery of energy for charging electric vehicles in the high-voltage range. The battery management system also links the internal DC intermediate circuit with an AC power supply or provides the same, wherein preferably bidirectionally working converters or inverters being used for the conversion. The converter also works as a stand-alone inverter and can operate both high inductive and capacitive loads and can be exposed to non-sinusoidal, harmonic current loads. A multi-stage, in particular 3-, 5- or 7-stage structure of the half-bridges of the converter is particularly advantageous, so that a reduced harmonic content of an provided AC output voltage or energy fed in can be achieved, preferably a high capacitive DC link capacity is provided for smoothing and buffering any overvoltage that may occur. In this way, even in the event of failure or unexpected disconnection or insertion of battery units, the battery receiving device can remain functional without interruption.
The battery holding device also advantageously comprises an active temperature control device which provides a heating and/or cooling function. Battery cells suffer from a loss of capacity or are at risk from overheating, particularly in particularly warm or cool environments. At least in the received state, the battery receiving device can maintain an optimized temperature level for long-lasting operation of the battery units.
In an advantageous embodiment, the battery unit can be encapsulated in a battery housing and at least one, in particular a plurality of battery cells, a coil unit, a battery management system and an NFC unit can be included. In this embodiment, it is essential in particular to include at least one NFC unit (near field communication unit). This can provide an at least mono-directional data connection from the battery unit to the storage seat, preferably a bidirectional data connection based on WiFi, Bluetooth, RFID or other NFC standards and/or infrared interface units. NFC is an international transmission standard based on RFID technology for the contactless exchange of data by electromagnetic induction by means of loosely coupled coils over short distances of a few centimeters and a data transmission rate of a maximum of 424 kBit/s, however, in context of the invention a WLAN or other Short range radio communication or IR communication can be used by the NFC unit. The purpose of the NFC unit is to transmit and to record operating data and parameters, such as type specification, unambiguous addressing of the battery unit, a history of voltages, currents, temperatures, charge states, error messages and logs, operating hours counters and memories in which data from the memory unit are stored to be read out or transmitted later. This transmission takes place separately and independently of the inductive energy transmission. As a result, operating data and the status of the battery unit can also be read out using a mobile terminal device such as a smartphone, smartwatch, tablet computer or the like, without activating the coil unit for this purpose. For this purpose, signals can also be transmitted when the battery unit is in de-energized stand-by mode, for example using an app on a mobile device. In this way, an app on a mobile terminal device can be used to read out operationally relevant data from the battery unit even when the battery unit is deactivated and removed by approaching and placing the terminal device on the side of the coil unit, so that simple monitoring and battery maintenance of the battery units is made possible. The NFC unit is particularly advantageously arranged in a housing of a coil unit for inductive energy transmission, so that a compact structural unit and a spatially close positioning of both the induction coil of the split transformer arrangement and the opposing, communicating NFC units of the battery unit and battery receiving device can be achieved. In the de-energized state, an NFC unit can be activated passively by means of the slight energy input of the transmitter coil of the reading device or the storage seat by bringing it close to a reader, e.g. a smartphone or by inserting it into a storage seat, and wake the battery management system out of a deep sleep phase. A very long storage and standby time can thus be achieved without energy being consumed by internal signal communication and constant monitoring.
The battery management system of the battery unit can advantageously provide a cell protection function by the aforementioned cell balancing, provide data communication with the battery receiving device, control the DC/DC converter for the charge-discharge operation and control the coil inverter for the bidirectional inductive exchange of energy.
In a particularly advantageous manner, the coil unit and the NFC unit can be structurally integrated in a front side of the battery housing which is smaller regarding the areas of other side surfaces of the battery housing. A close connection between the induction coil and the wireless data interface can thus be achieved. A pressing unit, in particular a spring element, is preferably arranged on a surface opposite this front side for applying a spring-loaded pressing force in the insertion state in a storage seat on this front side. The spring element can be designed, for example, as a curved sliding plate. Thus, when the battery unit is pushed into the storage seat, it is ensured that the coil units are closely opposite to one another. After the battery unit has been pushed into the storage seat, the pressing unit can provide or release a pressing force by means of a mechanically adjustable wedging effect of an actuating mechanism.
In one embodiment, a battery storage device with a total capacity of 10 kWh can be considered. The battery storage device can comprise several, preferably six, lithium iron phosphate flat cells, for example, each with 500 Wh-capacity, which are connected in series. This enables an end-of-charge voltage of 21 volts and a nominal voltage of 19.2 volts to be achieved. Battery cells made from lithium iron phosphate flat cells have the advantage of robust behavior and intrinsic security against explosion, so that this type of cell is suitable for rough handling and extreme temperature conditions. The voltage can be increased to 40 to 48 volts of a battery-side intermediate circuit using a DC-DC boost stage. This is followed by an electronic chopper unit as a two or more-stage inverter or rectifier-inverter unit with a coil connected to the battery-side coil unit. This battery unit can be encapsulated in a single housing. The receiving-side coil unit of the battery receiving device can be arranged in a housing of the battery receiving device, for example in a cabinet on a side wall, rear wall or in the slide-in base or in the slide-in cover.
In the present example, an arrangement of the receiving-side coil unit in a side wall is envisaged. An alternating current can be induced in the receiving-side coil unit from the PWM-modulated alternating magnetic field generated by the battery-side coil unit.
The receiving-side coil unit as a receiver coil can optionally be constructed in such a way that in each case a single coil of the battery-side coil unit is opposite or extends over several battery-side coil units.
The alternating current of the coil units is controlled by power electronics, preferably via PWM-based control of a chopper, i.e. Inverter adjusted in voltage and current strength by an inductively usable magnetic alternating field. The adjustment of the current intensity and frequency of the coil current by the inverter is adapted to an electromagnetic configuration of the coil unit so that the highest possible efficiency of the energy transfer between the coil units can be achieved with low leakage losses.
In an advantageous embodiment, the battery unit can be mechanically closed without having any switches or openings to the outside, and can only be charged and discharged via induction. The advantage of this arrangement of a battery unit that is inductively and galvanically decoupled via the housing is that no switches or contacts have to be installed in the battery unit, and that the battery unit can be safely removed and also inserted during operation. This allows a charged or discharged battery unit to be exchanged from one location to another. For example, a battery unit can be charged in the house (cellar) and, if necessary, used as additional storage in a mobile application (electro mobility).
The electronics of the battery unit can comprise a battery management system. For this purpose, the battery housing is constructed in such a way that energy flows from or into the battery unit only after a previously positive data communication between the battery receiving device and the battery unit. The communication can be part of the battery management system and can take place in a conventional protocol that is expanded to include the component of AC(1)-AC(2) separation.
The battery unit can advantageously be charged with just one transformer coil as a coil unit at one location A, transported to another location B and discharged there again.
The inductively separated battery units allow a variety of plug-and-play variants. Energy storage can be charged and directly removed, i.e. without having to loosen the plug, and fed to an electrical consumer that has the counter coil. The possible applications are diverse, e.g. a use of the battery unit for all types of craftsmen's devices, especially in the commercial sector, gardening tools, lawn mowers, welding devices for commercial use, induction cookers, emergency power devices of all kinds, to name just a few. According to the data communication via NFC communication, which is independent of the energy generation, not only status information but also billing information, e.g. be provided for rental battery units or a quota of electrical energy, can be provided. Billing data can be exchanged each time a battery unit is introduced into a battery receiving device and offset in a billing account of the user. The user can log in and out using NFC communication between a mobile data device of the user such as a smartphone, smartwatch or the like and a battery unit.
The battery unit can be adapted to the respective consumer. The inductive coupling of the charging unit and also of the discharging unit with the individual battery unit is decisive for the present invention.
For the use of the charged battery units in applications with the highest possible power-to-weight ratio, e.g. in welding machines and in the case of lawnmowers, lithium polymer battery cells can advantageously be used.
Another advantage of the inductively separated battery units in the cabinet described above or the battery receiving device of several battery units is the possibility of receiving different types of batteries next to one another or at the same time. These can be lithium polymer battery cells or lithium iron phosphate battery cells. But also lead battery cells or nickel metal hybrid battery cells. There is no restriction on the choice of battery cells that can be used. In practice a few types of battery cells will be referred to e.g. different lithium types.
A large number of battery units can be loaded in containers or shelf arrangements and removed safely if necessary.
Different power ranges are conceivable, for example as Power to go (mobile)=4 kWh or 6 kWh, as Power Rack (domestic use)=12 kWh or 20 kWh and as Power MRack=1.7 MWh.
The individual battery units can be taken from a 20 kWh or a 1.7 MWh system during operation and e.g. fed to a 4 kWh system.
This is particularly advantageous when using mobile traction, i.e. in electric vehicles. The safe handling allows a non-specialist to exchange battery units with induction technology.
In one embodiment of a battery unit, in addition to the pure power electronics of the battery management system, microcontrollers, voltage monitoring, temperature monitoring, electronic clock, WLAN module and/or Bluetooth or another radio communication module can be installed. In addition, fuses and memories for logging, and optionally active or passive RFID chips can be provided in the battery module. In this case, a coil frequency can preferably be regulated in an optimized manner for power transmission using this technology. The present battery unit can carry out all charging and discharging processes with time stamp and temperature, for example in a block chain data structure in a tamper-proof manner and this information can be passed on to a central information storage and processing device, for example a cloud storage device or internet-based power management and control system. A predictive exchange and remote maintenance of the battery units is also possible. The network access can take place via the NFC data interface of the battery unit with the battery receiving device, the battery receiving device being connected to the information storage and processing device wirelessly or by wire.
In one embodiment, specific information of the respective battery unit can be passed on to the electronics in the switch cabinet of the battery receiving device. The storage seat of the battery receiving device which contains the individual modular battery units stores information about the respective battery unit.
If a battery unit is located in a storage seat of a battery receiving device, these can communicate with one another in a master-slave mode, wherein the battery receiving device can be the master. Communication is comparable to a computer to which several hard drives are connected. The hard drives are the inductively coupled battery units.
A major advantage of induction technology using single cells is that the battery units can be used in a corrosive environment or in water. Both the consumer e.g. an electric motor as well as the energy-supplying storage device can be completely encapsulated and have no exposed electrical contacts. This is advantageous in maritime applications and can be used excellently there.
An exemplary embodiment of a battery unit with a coil unit is described below: A number of n battery cells are first connected in series and converted by means of a DC-DC converter from e.g. 12V into a higher intermediate circuit voltage, for example 32V. This voltage is inverted in a further stage into a sinusoidal alternating voltage with a higher frequency. This alternating voltage is connected to the battery-side coil unit. The entire arrangement is encapsulated, in particular with a water-impermeable plastic layer, so that there are no electrical contacts from the outside. The battery unit can thus achieve a degree of protection of IP 65 or more. The energy exchange with the cells or the electronics takes place exclusively via the coil unit, so that no electrical contacts can be found on the battery unit.
A coil unit on the receiving side with the same winding or a coil winding that is adapted to the desired voltage is necessary for this battery unit in order to be able to absorb and output energy. This counter coil is connected to power electronics with a control unit. The control unit adapts the current according to performance or actively. As already described above, the two induction coils can be advantageous spatial separated, at least one being located in a closed housing. In one embodiment, the receiving-side coil unit, which does not contain the batteries, is connected to a consumer, this being an electric motor which itself sets in motion via an induction mechanism. The result is a battery system that consists of several components, all of which are completely galvanically separated from each other. In this combination and especially in those presented here with sizes from 100 Wh up to 10 kWh as a self-contained storage unit, such battery systems can be used in a versatile and reliable manner.
A particular application is the use of the battery unit in a liquid environment, in particular in an aqueous environment. The only boundary condition that emerges and is self-evident to the person skilled in the art is the use of insoluble housing materials in relation to the immersed solution.
The battery unit can be stored e.g. in the sea, a lake or another water in the charged state or in the uncharged state and are permanently exposed to the surrounding water without experiencing damage. In this case, permanent means a period of days to years. Damage is understood as the penetration of water and/or ions in the water. The prerequisite for this is the use of rot-free housing materials, such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, PVC types.
One possible application is in the maritime sector. Divers and cave divers can transport and deposit charged battery units to a place in the water and at a later point in time the battery unit is connected to the consumer. The energy is transmitted to the consumer via induction. The consumer's work performance e.g. emitting light, driving a motor, etc. is galvanically separated so that no water can penetrate the entire system when changing batteries or operating.
In one embodiment, the aforementioned battery unit can be used in sewers and similar environments.
A particular embodiment is the use of the battery system with a plurality of battery units in an overall system that contains one or more reluctance motors. The reluctance motors are galvanically separated from their energy supply.
An advantageous application can be the use of the storage units in explosion-protected areas, so-called explosion protection.
In an advantageous further development, a battery receiving device can be designed as an intermediate switching element for connecting a battery unit to another battery unit and/or for charging and/or discharging an individual battery unit, and for this purpose the storage seat only encompasses a partial area of a housing of the battery unit, and preferably two opposing or adjacent storage units are comprised in order to be able to connect at least temporarily and toolless one or two battery units inductively. This type of battery receiving device with a significantly reduced scope of functions does not necessarily require a connection to an external network and can have reduced functional properties compared to stationary battery receiving device. The intermediate switching element can have a limited functionality for the pure extraction of energy from a battery unit e.g. for a 230V AC socket operation, or serve as a charging station for electronic mobile devices with USB port. A direct transfer of energy from a fully charged battery unit to a discharged battery unit can also be provided, so that battery-to-battery charging can also be made possible between battery units of different sizes. This intermediate switching element is relatively small and handy and easy to transport.
Further advantages result from the present description of the drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations. Thereby show:
In the figures, similar elements are numbered with the same reference numerals. The figures show only examples and are not to be understood as restrictive.
The attached drawings and illustrations contain data from sample designs. All information in the figures is part of this description.
A circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a battery system 10 is shown schematically in
In parallel with the coil unit 2, an NFC unit 38 is arranged, in particular spatially adjacent on a housing wall of the battery unit 30. This can exchange bidirectional data with a corresponding NFC unit 28 of the battery receiving device 20, regardless of the energy transfer state of the coil unit 42. It is thus possible to read in or read out data even when there is no other current in the intermediate circuits 82, 84, 86, so that the battery unit 30 does not suffer any loss of power in stand-by mode and can still be addressed. For this purpose, a small amount of energy input into the NFC unit 38 can be sufficient to provide its communication capability. The NFC unit 38 is advantageously arranged in a common antiferromagnetic housing, for example in an aluminum half-shell housing together with the coil unit 42, which is covered by a coil coupling plate, which represents a wall area on the housing side. The NFC unit 38 is connected to a battery management system 36 which monitors and controls a charging and discharging process of the battery cells 36 as well as provides data for identifying the battery unit 30, the type, state of charge (Coulomb counting), service life and other diverse data preferably via an RS 485 and controls the charging electronics.
The battery receiving device 20 has a separate coil unit 26 in a storage seat 50 for each battery unit 30, and spatially adjacent to it an NFC unit 28 for data exchange, and is controlled by a higher-level battery management system 52 as well as the respective coil units 26 serving inverters 24 and the input and output side DC/DC converter 22 for feeding, for example of energy from fuel cells or photovoltaic systems and converters 48 for feeding in and feeding out alternating or three-phase energy. For this purpose, the bidirectional converter can comprise two inverter units for rectifying or inverting a DC intermediate circuit voltage. The inverters 24 arranged to operate the coil units 26 for each battery unit 30 operate a coil circuit 88 at a frequency that is matched to the battery-side coil circuit 86. The frequency and details of the energy transfer in charging or discharging operation can be negotiated with the battery-side NFC unit 38 via an NFC unit 28 arranged spatially adjacent to the coil unit 26 and can be communicated to the superordinate battery management system 52 of the battery receiving device 30, that determines and controls the required parameters. The battery management system 52 can advantageously establish a gateway interface to the Internet, for example via a GSM-based radio interface, WLAN, Bluetooth or via powerline communication (PowerLAN) in order to be able to access an external cloud application and tariffing. A DC intermediate circuit 90 with a high-voltage voltage level of 400V-800V can be provided within the battery receiving device 20, so that the required voltage of up to 400V for AC power grid operation and for a direct DC feed of PV-voltage up to 800V or supply of DC-battery management system 52 provide high-voltage vehicle electrical systems up to 800V can be provided. In this respect, the split transformer arrangement of the battery-side coil unit 42 and the receiving-side coil unit 88 can advantageously already carry out a voltage transformation in a transmission ratio of 1:10 to 1:20.
In the sub-
On the handle side, one or more pressure relief valves 74 can be arranged adjacent to the handle 76, so that in the event of a defect in the battery cells 40, excess pressure can escape from the housing 44. The pressure relief valves 74 can be designed in the form of check valves.
In the side view of
The battery management system 36 includes power switching elements for charging and discharging, a PWM driver circuit as a chopper or inverter 32 for operating the coil circuit 86 through the inverter 32 and a DC/DC converter 34 for the bidirectional conversion of the 10V-16V battery voltage circuit 82 into the 32V intermediate circuit 84. In addition, the battery management system 36 provides a communication device of the NFC unit 38 for the bidirectional exchange of control and status data, which is supported by a processor and storage system. The exchangeable data via the NFC interface includes a unique identification of the battery unit 30, type information, life cycle information, current charge status, current and voltage levels, a history of the energy status (Coulomb counting) and other data. The NFC interface can be activated passively from a stand-by mode by approaching a reader de-energized, so that the battery unit does not consume any energy in the idle state.
In the further partial representations D and D* of
One embodiment of the battery unit 20 (power cell) can preferably be equipped with a lithium iron phosphate or lithium ion battery cells. The LiFe cell technology impresses with its high depth of use, constant voltage during the entire use, short charging times and an optimal ratio between space consumption and performance.
The battery unit 20 (power cell) can be modularly expanded by being connected in parallel and can be integrated into an energy network of any size. When charged, a single cell can provide energy of up to 2 kWh with a cell efficiency of over 95% and an output power of up to 2.4 kW. The battery unit 20 can offer minimal self-discharge, long service life, high depth of discharge and cycle stability, and can be safely changed during operation (“hot” swappable) without an arc occurring, electrical connections having to be disconnected or connected or electrical components can be harmed due to overcurrent. Active current regulation as a function of cell voltage and cell temperature (derating) can be provided in the internal battery management system 36. The housing 44 can be designed as a metallic, closed, contactless battery cell housing that also fulfills a transport test according to UN38.3. This is because special regulations apply since 2003 for the transport of lithium rechargeable batteries. These UN transport regulations (e.g. UN 3090, UN 3480, UN 3481) were issued by the UN and apply to transport by land, water and air.
A battery holder 20 (power pack), which is mobile by means of transport rollers 58 and transport handles 56, can accommodate two, three or more battery units 20 in storage seats 50. External supply connections and operating options can be 230V socket at 50 Hz, USB output, Ql charger, or a touch pad. An amount of energy for e.g. watching TV for 20 hours, listening to the radio for 70 hours or having a refrigerator available for 24 hours can be provided. The maximum output power can be up to 3.6 kW, the amount of energy that can be stored can be up to 6 kWh.
Building on the concept of a mobile battery receiving device described above, a larger, preferably stationary, e.g. in a residential or office building arranged battery receiving device 20 (power rack) offer a plurality of storage seats 50 for receiving up to ten battery units 30 and can thus store energy up to 20 kWh, preferably fed by a photovoltaic or wind energy source, and when required provide again with an output power of up to 10.8 kW. Both the charging and the discharging of the battery units 30 are carried out by means of effective and safe induction technology. For charging such a larger battery receiving device 20 can be charged with sustainable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind energy or also by the power supply network by 3-phase with 50 Hz or also with 48V DC or DC high voltage with 400-800V DC. Such a battery receiving device 20 can be used, for example, as an emergency power supply for computer servers or in hospitals in a cost-effective and space-saving manner.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102018001655.3 | Mar 2018 | DE | national |
| 102018001665.0 | Mar 2018 | DE | national |
| 102018001983.8 | Mar 2018 | DE | national |
This application is the U.S. national stage of PCT/DE2019/000055 filed Mar. 4, 2019, which claims priority of German patent application 102018001655.3 filed Mar. 3, 2018, German patent application 102018001665.0 filed Mar. 4, 2018 and German patent application 102018001983.8 filed Mar. 13, 2018 all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2019/000055 | 3/4/2019 | WO | 00 |
