BEAM FOR BUILDING, AND BUILDING

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a building beam and a building.

BACKGROUND ART

In general, it is not recommended to include notches in wooden beams of a building. This is because the strength of a wooden beam will decrease if cracking occurs at a corner of a notch. For example, if a beam has a notch, the effective section modulus used to calculate the strength of the beam is set to 0.6 times or 0.45 times the section modulus of the remaining portion of the beam excluding the notch.

CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

- Patent Literature 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2017-160737

SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem

Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for reinforcing a beam that has a through-hole. However, the use of a beam having a notch is not recommended for the above-described reason, and an effective technique has not been developed. In view of this, the present disclosure presents a beam and a building that impede cracking in a beam having a notch.

Solution to Problem

(1) A building beam that solves the above problem includes a wooden beam body including an upper surface and a lower surface, a notch portion arranged in the beam body, and a reinforcing portion reinforcing a periphery of the notch portion. The notch portion is cut out from the upper surface or the lower surface, and the reinforcing portion reinforces an adjacent portion adjacent to the notch portion in the beam body. With the above structure, the reinforcement of the adjacent portion adjacent to the notch portion impedes cracking in the periphery of the notch portion.

(2) In the building beam described in (1), the reinforcing portion includes a bolt, the bolt is engaged with a through-hole extending through the adjacent portion in a vertical direction, and the bolt is arranged in the through-hole of the adjacent portion. With the above structure, the bolt is not exposed from the beam body. Thus, the reinforcing portion will not interfere with the attachment of a building member to the upper surface, the lower surface, or the side surface of the beam body.

(3) In the building beam described in (1), the reinforcing portion includes a bolt that includes a shaft portion and a head portion, and a plate that is arranged on an upper surface or a lower surface of the adjacent portion. The bolt is inserted through a hole in the plate so that the head portion contacts the plate, and the bolt is engaged with a through-hole extending through the adjacent portion in a vertical direction. The shaft portion of the bolt is arranged in the through-hole of the adjacent portion. With this structure, the head portion of the bolt is arranged on only one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the beam body. Thus, the reinforcing portion will not interfere with the attachment of a building member to the upper surface or the lower surface of the beam body where the head portion of the bolt is not arranged.

(4) In the building beam described in (1), the reinforcing portion includes a first plate arranged on an upper surface of the adjacent portion, a second plate arranged on a lower surface of the adjacent portion, and a connecting member extending through the adjacent portion and connecting the first plate and the second plate. With this structure, the adjacent portion is sandwiched between the first plate and the second plate. This substantially reinforces the adjacent portion.

(5) In the building beam described in (1), the reinforcing portion includes a first through member extending through the adjacent portion in a vertical direction, and a second through member extending through the first through member and the adjacent portion in a manner intersecting an axial direction of the first through member. This structure strengthens the engagement between the adjacent portion and the first and second through members.

(6) A building that solves the above problem includes beams, each being the building beam according to any one of (1) to (5). The beams are connected to a girder to be parallel to each other. The beams each include the notch portion in a lower surface of an end of the beam connected to the girder. The notch portions are arranged along an extension direction of the girder.

With this structure, the notch portion arranged along the girder may include an accommodating portion. The accommodating portion may accommodate various devices. This simplifies the appearance of the interior around the girder.

(7) A building that solves the above problem includes beams, each being the building beam according to any one of (1) to (5). The beams are connected to a girder to be parallel to each other. The beams each include the notch portion in an upper surface of the beam. The notch portions support a sunken floor.

Conventionally, when a building includes a sunken floor, beams arranged under the sunken floor are formed by members that are different from beams arranged under an adjacent floor adjacent to the sunken floor. In this respect, with the above structure, the beams are arranged to extend throughout the underside of the sunken floor and the underside of the adjacent floor. This improves the construction efficiency.

(8) A building that solves the above problem includes beams, each being the building beam according to any one of (1) to (5). The beams are arranged parallel to each other and extend from an interior space to an exterior extension throughout. The beams each include the notch portion in an upper surface of the beam. The notch portions are arranged at a part corresponding to the exterior extension. The notch portions support a floor of the exterior extension with a drainage space located in between.

Conventionally, when a building includes an exterior extension, beams arranged under the floor of the exterior extension are formed by members that are different from beams arranged under the floor of the interior space. In this respect, with the above structure, the beams are arranged to extend over the underside of the floor of the exterior extension and the underside of the floor of the interior space. This improves the construction efficiency.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The building beam and the building of the present disclosure impede cracking of a beam having a notch portion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a beam according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a bolt of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between displacement and load.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the beam of the first embodiment, a beam of a first referential example, and a beam of a second referential example.

FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a beam according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a side view of a first bolt of the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a beam according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of a beam according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a side view of a first through member according to the forth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a beam according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a building according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion near a girder in the building of the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion near a girder in a building of a referential example.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the building of the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a building according to a seventh embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a building according to an eighth embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
First Embodiment

A beam 10 of a building 1 will now be described with reference to FIG. 1.

The beam 10 includes a wooden beam body 11, a notch portion 20 arranged in the beam body 11, and a reinforcing portion 30 reinforcing the periphery of the notch portion 20. The beam body 11 includes an upper surface 11A and a lower surface 11B. The upper surface 11A of the beam body 11 extends parallel to the lower surface 11B of the beam 10. The beam body 11 may be formed by solid lumber. The beam body 11 may be formed by laminated lumber. For example, the beam body 11 is formed by homogeneous-grade laminated lumber. When the beam body 11 is formed by homogeneous-grade laminated lumber, the beam body 11, in which sawn boards are stacked in a vertical direction DZ, is connected to a girder 2.

The notch portion 20 is cut out from the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B. In the present embodiment, a remaining portion of the beam body 11 that excludes the notch portion 20 is referred to as a remaining portion 13.

The notch portion 20 is arranged at an end 12 of the beam body 11. The notch portion 20 includes a first surface 21 perpendicular to the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B. The notch portion 20 includes a second surface 22 parallel to the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B. The second surface 22 extends from the first surface 21 to the end surface of the beam body 11. A corner 24 is formed between the first surface 21 and the second surface 22. The notch portion 20 extends from one side surface 11C to the other side surface 11C of the beam body 11. The vertical length of the notch portion 20 is preferably less than or equal to ½ of the vertical length of the beam body 11. The vertical length is defined as the length in the vertical direction DZ when the beam 10 is connected to the girder 2.

The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces an adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the notch portion 20 in the beam body 11. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26 so that the adjacent portion 26 does not expand in the vertical direction DZ when force is applied to the vicinity of the adjacent portion 26. The reinforcing portion 30 is formed by a member that impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ.

Specifically, the reinforcing portion 30 includes a bolt 31. In one example, the reinforcing portion 30 includes two bolts 31. The two bolts 31 are arranged next to each other in width direction DX of the beam body 11. The two bolts 31 may be arranged next to each other in extension direction DE1 of the beam body 11.

The bolts 31 are engaged with through-holes 27 extending through the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. The through-holes 27 extend perpendicularly to the upper surface 11A and the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11. The bolts 31 are arranged in the through-holes 27 of the adjacent portion 26. The length of each bolt 31 is slightly less than or equal to the vertical length of the adjacent portion 26. For example, the length of the bolt 31 is in a range of 0.9 times to 1.0 time the vertical length of the adjacent portion 26. In one example, the bolt 31 is a lag screw bolt 32.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the lag screw bolt 32. The lag screw bolt 32 includes a shaft portion 31A that includes an external thread and a tool-engaging portion 31B arranged at an end of the shaft portion 31A. The tool-engaging portion 31B engages with a tool dedicated to lag screw bolts. The largest outer diameter of the cross-section of the tool-engaging portion 31B is slightly greater than or equal to the largest outer diameter of the cross-section of the shaft portion 31A. The tool-engaging portion 31B may include an internal thread 31C. The lag screw bolt 32 is threaded into the through-hole 27 of the adjacent portion 26 and arranged within the beam body 11.

Characteristics and Operation

The characteristics of the beam 10 of the present embodiment will now be described in comparison with a first referential example and a second referential example with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As shown in FIG. 4, a beam 101 of the first referential example and a beam 102 of the second referential example do not include the notch portion 20. The vertical length of the beam 101 of the first referential example is equal to the vertical length of the adjacent portion 26 of the beam 10 of the embodiment. The vertical length of the beam 102 of the second referential example is equal to the vertical length of the remaining portion 13 of the beam 10 of the embodiment. The lateral widths of the beam 101 of the first referential example and the beam 102 of the second referential example are equal to the lateral width of the beam 10 of the embodiment. The lengths of the beam 101 of the first referential example and the beam 102 of the second referential example are equal to the length of the beam 10 of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between load P applied to the beam 10 and the displacement of the beam 10 in the vertical direction DZ. FIG. 3 shows the characteristics of the beam 10 of the present embodiment when a tensile load is applied to the notch portion 20 and when a compressive load is applied to the notch portion 20. FIG. 3 further shows the characteristics of the beam 101 of the first referential example and the characteristics of the beam 102 of the second referential example.

When the tensile load is applied to the notch portion 20, the load P is applied to the surface opposite the surface where the notch portion 20 is arranged in a state in which the beam body 11 is supported at two distant positions (refer to FIG. 3). The beam body 11 is supported at two positions; the notch portion 20 and the end at the opposite side of the notch portion 20. The load P is applied to a portion other than the notch portion 20 between the two positions at which the beam body 11 is supported. When the compressive load is applied to the notch portion 20, the load P is applied to the surface where the notch portion 20 is arranged in a state in which the beam body 11 is supported at two distant positions.

In FIG. 3, solid line L1 indicates the characteristics when a compressive load is applied to the beam 10 of the present embodiment. Solid line L2 indicates the characteristics when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10 of the present embodiment. Broken line L3 indicates the characteristics of the beam 101 of the first referential example. Broken line L4 indicates the characteristics of the beam 102 of the second referential example.

As shown in FIG. 3, under a compressive load, the beam 10 of the present embodiment has substantially the same strength as the beam 101 of the first referential example, which has the same vertical length as the adjacent portion 26. As shown in FIG. 3, under a tensile load, the beam 10 of the present embodiment has the same strength as the beam 102 of the second referential example, which has the same vertical length as the remaining portion 13.

The characteristics of the beam 10 of the present embodiment when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10 will now be described with reference to FIG. 3 (solid line L2). The characteristics of the beam 10 when the load P applied to the beam 10 gradually increases will be described. Bending load PX indicates the load P when the beam 10 bends.

As shown in FIG. 3, as the load P applied to the beam 10 gradually increases from 0, the beam 10 gradually bends and displacement gradually increases. The displacement indicates a substantially moved distance in the direction of the load at the portion of the beam 10 where the load is applied.

As shown in FIG. 1, the beam 10 of the present embodiment includes the reinforcing portion 30 reinforcing the vicinity of the notch portion 20. This impedes cracking at the notch portion 20. Even when the corner 24 of the notch portion 20 cracks, growth of the crack will be inhibited. As a result, the beam 10 resists bending when cracking occurs. Thus, the beam 10 of the present embodiment has a greater bending load PX than a beam that does not include the reinforcing portion 30. In addition, the bending strength of the beam 10 of the present embodiment is greater than or equal to that of the beam 102 of the second referential example in a range in which the load P reaches the bending load PX.

Conventionally, regulations related to the building 1 discourage the use of a beam having the notch portion 20. Further, when using the beam with the notch portion 20, it is recommended that the effective section modulus of the beam be set to 0.6 times or 0.45 times the section modulus of the remaining portion 13 excluding the notch portion 20. The effective section modulus of the beam having the notch portion 20 is estimated to be less than the section modulus of the remaining portion 13 because the load P may cause a crack to grow diagonally from the notch portion 20 over a large area.

In the present embodiment, the adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the notch portion 20 in the beam body 11 is reinforced with the reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. This reduces the occurrence and growth of cracks. Thus, under a tensile load, the beam 10 of the present embodiment has equal or greater strength than the beam 102 of the second referential example, which has the same vertical length as the remaining portion 13.

It is understood that the reinforcing portion 30 acts on the adjacent portion 26 as follows. The external thread of the lag screw bolt 32 is engaged with the through-hole 27 formed in the adjacent portion 26. The lag screw bolt 32 extends substantially over the entire adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. When a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, such an engagement impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ and reduces the occurrence and growth of cracks.

Advantages

The advantages of the present embodiment will now be described.

(1) The beam 10 includes the wooden beam body 11, the notch portion 20 arranged in the beam body 11, and the reinforcing portion 30 reinforcing the periphery of the notch portion 20. The notch portion 20 is cut out from the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B, and the reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the notch portion 20 in the beam body 11. With the above structure, the reinforcement of the adjacent portion 26 adjacent to the notch portion 20 impedes cracking in the periphery of the notch portion 20.

(2) The reinforcing portion 30 includes the bolts 31. The bolts 31 are engaged with the through-holes 27 extending through the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. In one example, the bolts 31 are lag screw bolts 32. The bolts 31 are arranged in the through-holes 27 of the adjacent portion 26. With the above structure, the bolts 31 are not exposed from the beam body 11. Thus, the reinforcing portion 30 will not interfere with the attachment of a building member to the upper surface 11A, the lower surface 11B, or the side surface 11C of the beam body 11.

Second Embodiment

A beam 10 according to a second embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 5. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the beam 10 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail. The beam 10 of the present embodiment includes the reinforcing portion 30 that has a structure differing from the reinforcing portion 30 described in the first embodiment.

The reinforcing portion 30 includes a bolt 35, which includes a shaft portion 35A and a head portion 35B, and a plate 38, which is arranged on an upper surface 26A or a lower surface 26B of the adjacent portion 26.

In the present embodiment, the reinforcing portion 30 includes two bolts 35. The two bolts 35 are arranged next to each other in the width direction DX of the beam body 11. The two bolts 35 may be arranged next to each other in the extension direction DE1 of the beam body 11.

In one example, the plate 38 is arranged on the upper surface 26A of the adjacent portion 26. The bolts 35 are inserted through holes in the plate 38 so that the head portions 35B contact the plate 38. The bolts 35 are inserted into the through-holes 27 extending through the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. The bolts 35 are engaged with the through-holes 27. The shaft portions 35A of the bolts 35 are arranged in the through-holes 27 of the adjacent portion 26.

In the present embodiment, each bolt 35 includes a first bolt 36 and a second bolt 37 coupled to the first bolt 36 in the axial direction. The distal end of the second bolt 37 is engaged with an internal thread 36A of the first bolt 36.

As shown in FIG. 6, the distal end of the first bolt 36 includes the internal thread 36A. The internal thread 36A is configured to be engaged with the thread of the distal end of the second bolt 37. In one example, the first bolt 36 is a lag screw bolt 32. The axial force of the bolt 35 is increased by threading the distal end of the second bolt 37 into the internal thread 36A of the first bolt 36.

The first bolts 36 are threaded, from the lower surface 26B, into the through-holes 27 formed in the adjacent portion 26. The plate 38 is arranged on the upper surface 26A above the through-holes 27 formed in the adjacent portion 26. The second bolts 37 are inserted through the holes of the plate 38, from above the adjacent portion 26, and into the through-holes 27 to be coupled to the first bolts 36. The second bolts 37 are tightened onto the plate 38 using a spanner. By tightening the second bolts 37, a compressive force is applied to the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. When a tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the reinforcing portion 30 impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. When tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the reinforcing portion 30 impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ and reduces the occurrence and growth of cracks.

Other advantages of the present embodiment will now be described. The reinforcing portion 30 includes the bolts 35 and the plate 38. The bolts 35 are inserted through the holes in the plate 38 so that the head portions 35B contact the plate 38, and are engaged with the through-holes 27 extending through the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. The shaft portions 35A of the bolts 35 are arranged in the through-holes 27 of the adjacent portion 26.

With this structure, the head portions 35B of the bolts 35 are arranged on only one of the upper surface 11A and the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11. Thus, the reinforcing portion 30 will not interfere with the attachment of a building member to the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11 where the head portions 35B of the bolts 35 are not arranged.

Third Embodiment

A beam 10 according to a third embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 7. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the beam 10 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail. The beam 10 of the present embodiment includes the reinforcing portion 30 that has a structure differing from the reinforcing portion 30 described in the first embodiment.

The reinforcing portion 30 includes a first plate 41, a second plate 42, and a connecting member 43. In one example, the reinforcing portion 30 includes two connecting members 43. The two connecting members 43 are arranged next to each other in the width direction DX of the beam body 11. The two connecting members 43 may be arranged next to each other in the extension direction DE1 of the beam body 11.

The first plate 41 is arranged on the upper surface 26A of the adjacent portion 26. The first plate 41 includes two first holes. The second plate 42 is arranged on the lower surface 26B of the adjacent portion 26. The second plate 42 includes two second holes. The connecting members 43 extend through the adjacent portion 26 and connect the first plate 41 and the second plate 42.

The connecting members 43 each include a bolt 44 and a nut 45. The bolt 44 includes a shaft portion 44A and a head portion 44B. The bolts 44 are inserted through the first holes of the first plate 41, the through-holes 27 formed in the adjacent portion 26, and the second holes of the second plate 42. The head portions 44B of the bolts 44 abut the second plate 42. The nuts 45 are engaged with the ends of the bolts 44 extending out of the first plate 41. The nuts 45 are tightened onto the first plate 41 using a spanner. By tightening the nuts 45, a compressive force is applied to the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ.

The adjacent portion 26 is sandwiched between the first plate 41 and the second plate 42 connected to each other by the connecting member 43. This impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ when a tensile load is applied to the beam 10. When tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the reinforcing portion 30 impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ and reduces the occurrence and growth of cracks. This substantially reinforces the adjacent portion 26.

Fourth Embodiment

A beam 10 according to a fourth embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the beam 10 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail. The beam 10 of the present embodiment includes the reinforcing portion 30 that has a structure differing from the reinforcing portion 30 described in the first embodiment.

The reinforcing portion 30 includes a first through member 47 and second through members 48. The first through member 47 extends through the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. Specifically, the first through member 47 is inserted into a vertical through-hole 27A formed in the adjacent portion 26. In one example, the first through member 47 is formed by an iron pipe.

As shown in FIG. 9, the first through member 47 includes side through-holes 47A, which extend orthogonal to the axis of the first through member 47. The side through-holes 47A are formed at equal intervals in the axial direction. The side through-holes 47A extend parallel to each other. The diameter of the side through-holes 47A is set to allow for fitting of the second through members 48.

As shown in FIG. 8, the adjacent portion 26 includes the vertical through-hole 27A, into which the first through member 47 is inserted, and lateral through-holes 27B, into which the second through members 48 are inserted. The vertical through-hole 27A extends from the upper surface 26A to the lower surface 26B in the adjacent portion 26. The lateral through-holes 27B extend in the width direction DX of the adjacent portion 26 in a manner intersecting the vertical through-hole 27A. The lateral through-holes 27B are formed in the adjacent portion 26 at the same intervals as the lateral through-holes 27B of the first through member 47.

The second through members 48 extend through the first through member 47 and the adjacent portion 26 in a manner intersecting the axial direction of the first through member 47. The second through members 48 are configured as cylindrical pins. The second through members 48 are inserted into the lateral through-holes 27B of the adjacent portion 26 and the side through-holes 47A of the first through member 47. This structure strengthens the engagement between the adjacent portion 26 and the first and second through members 47 and 48.

With such a reinforcing portion 30, when tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the second through members 48 resist separation of the portions around the second through members 48 in the adjacent portion 26. This impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ. When tensile load is applied to the beam 10, the reinforcing portion 30 impedes expansion of the adjacent portion 26 in the vertical direction DZ and reduces the occurrence and growth of cracks.

Fifth Embodiment

A beam 10 according to a fifth embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 10. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the beam 10 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail. In the present embodiment, the notch portion 20 is configured as a recess arranged in the upper surface 11A or the lower surface 11B of the beam body 11.

The notch portion 20 includes a first surface 21, a second surface 22, and a third surface 23. In one example, the first surface 21 and the third surface 23 are perpendicular to the lower surface 11B. The third surface 23 is parallel to the first surface 21. The second surface 22 connects the first surface 21 and the second surface 22. The second surface 22 is parallel to the lower surface 11B. The reinforcing portions 30 are arranged in the adjacent portion 26 near the first surface 21 and in the adjacent portion 26 near the third surface 23. Each reinforcing portion 30 has the same structure as the reinforcing portion 30 described in each of the first to fourth embodiments.

The notch portion 20 is arranged in the beam 10 that partially projects out of an exterior wall. For example, the notch portion 20 having a recessed structure is arranged in an overhang portion 15 of the beam 10. The overhang portion 15 is a portion of the beam 10 that projects outward from the girder 2. For example, a shutter box for a window is attached to the notch portion 20 of the recessed structure. The shutter box accommodates a shutter lowered along the exterior wall.

Sixth Embodiment

A building 1 according to a sixth embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14. The building 1 includes the beam 10 described in the first to fifth embodiments. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the building 1 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 11, the building 1 includes the girders 2 and beams 10. The girders 2 are supported by columns 3. The beams 10 are arranged between two girders 2. The beams 10 connect the two girders 2. An exterior girder 2A, which is one of the two girders 2, forms part of the framework of an exterior wall 17. The beams 10 are arranged between the first floor and the second floor of the building 1. The beams 10 are arranged between the two girders 2, which are arranged parallel to each other. The beams 10 connect the two girders 2.

The beams 10 are connected to the girders 2 and arranged parallel to each other. Each of the beams 10 includes the notch portion 20. The notch portion 20 of the beam 10 is arranged in the lower surface 11B of the end 12 that is connected to the exterior girder 2A. The notch portions 20 are arranged in an extension direction DE2 of the girder 2. Each beam 10 includes the reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26, which is adjacent to the notch portion 20.

Advantages

The notch portion 20 arranged along the girder 2 in the building 1 may include an accommodating portion 16. The accommodating portion 16 may accommodate various devices. Thus, the interior near the girder 2 has a simple appearance. In one example, the device is a curtain rail. The curtain rail may be a rail for automatically opening and closing a curtain. The curtain rail is arranged in the accommodating portion 16. The ceiling 6 of the first floor near the window has a simple appearance.

FIG. 12 shows the cross-section near the girder 2 of the building 1, of which the framework is formed by the beams 10 of the present embodiment. FIG. 13 shows the cross section near the girder 2 of the building 1, of which the framework is formed by conventional beams 90. Conventionally, the beam 10 does not include the notch portion 20. Thus, in order to arrange the accommodating portion 16 in the ceiling 6 of the first floor, a space SA is provided between the ceiling 6 of the first floor and the beam 10 by reducing the vertical length of the beam 10. The vertical length of the beam 10 set in this manner restricts the length of the beam 10. The length of the beams 10 restricts the area of the floor under the beams 10. In contrast, the beam 10 of the present embodiment includes the accommodating portion 16 in the notch portion 20. The vertical length of portions of the beam 10 other than the remaining portion 13 is greater than the vertical length of the remaining portion 13. Furthermore, the adjacent portion 26 of the notch portion 20 in the beam 10 of the present embodiment is reinforced with the reinforcing portion 30. Thus, the beam 10 of the present embodiment has a greater strength than the beam 90 of the conventional structure that has the same vertical length as the remaining portion 13. Thus, the beam 10 can be longer than the beam 90 of the conventional structure. This allows the area of the floor under the beams 10 to be increased as compared with the floor under the beams 90 of the conventional structure.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 14, in one example of the building 1, the accommodating portion 16 is configured to extend along the exterior wall 17. The accommodating portion 16 is configured so that the lower end of the accommodating portion 16 is flush with the ceiling 6 of the first floor. The accommodating portion 16 accommodates a curtain rail. Furthermore, the exterior wall 17 includes a window 18. The window 18 is configured so that the upper end of the window 18 is flush with the ceiling 6 (refer to FIG. 14). The window 18 extends from a floor 7 to the ceiling 6. When viewing the outside from inside the room, the curtain rail set near the window 18 is concealed in the accommodating portion 16 and not visible. This will give a spacious impression to the resident or the user of a room constructed with the beams 10.

Seventh Embodiment

A building 1 according to a seventh embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 15. The building 1 includes the beam 10 described in the first to fifth embodiments. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the building 1 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail.

The building 1 includes the girders 2 and beams 10. The girders 2 are supported by columns 3.

The beams 10 are arranged between two girders 2. The beams 10 connect the two girders 2.

The beams 10 are arranged between the first floor and the second floor of the building 1. The beams 10 are connected to the girders 2 to be parallel to each other. Each of the beams 10 includes the notch portion 20. The notch portion 20 is arranged in the upper surface 11A of the beam 10. The beam 10 includes the reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26, which is adjacent to the notch portion 20.

The notch portions 20 of the beams 10 are arranged in a line along the extension direction of the girder 2. Upper surfaces 20A of the notch portions 20 of the beams 10 are located at the same height. The notch portions 20 support a sunken floor 63. The sunken floor 63 may be formed as a sunken living room.

Advantages

Conventionally, when the building 1 includes the sunken floor 63, the beams arranged under the sunken floor 63 are formed by members that are different from the beams arranged under an adjacent floor 64, which is adjacent to the sunken floor 63. In this respect, with the present embodiment, the beams 10 are arranged to extend throughout the underside of the sunken floor 63 and the underside of the adjacent floor 64. This improves the construction efficiency of the building 1.

Eighth Embodiment

A building 1 according to an eighth embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. 16. The building 1 includes the beam 10 described in the first to fifth embodiments. The same reference numerals are given to those elements of the building 1 of the present embodiment that are the same as the corresponding elements of the first embodiment. Such elements will not be described in detail.

The building 1 includes the girders 2 and beams 10. The girders 2 are supported by columns 3. The beams 10 are arranged between an interior girder 2B and an exterior girder 2C. The beams 10 connect the interior girder 2B and the exterior girder 2C. The beams 10 are partially arranged outdoors.

The building 1 includes an interior space 5 on the second floor and an exterior extension 8 arranged continuously with the interior space 5. The exterior extension 8 includes a veranda, a balcony, or a roof balcony. The beams 10 are arranged parallel to each other extending from the interior space 5 to the exterior extension 8 throughout.

Each of the beams 10 includes the notch portion 20. The notch portion 20 is arranged in the upper surface 11A of the beam 10. The beam 10 includes the reinforcing portion 30. The reinforcing portion 30 reinforces the adjacent portion 26, which is adjacent to the notch portion 20. The notch portions 20 are arranged at a part corresponding to the exterior extension 8. The notch portions 20 of the beams 10 are arranged in a line. The notch portions 20 of the beams 10 are arranged next to each other in the extension direction of the exterior girder 2C. The upper surfaces 20A of the notch portions 20 of the beams 10 are located at the same height. The notch portions 20 support the floor of the exterior extension 8 with a drainage space S located in between.

Advantages

Conventionally, when the building 1 includes the exterior extension 8 (for example, the veranda), the beams 10 arranged under the floor of the exterior extension 8 are formed by members that are different from the beams 10 arranged under the floor of the interior space 5. In this respect, with the above structure, the beams 10 are arranged to extend over the underside of the floor of the exterior extension 8 and the underside of the floor of the interior space 5. This improves the construction efficiency of the building 1.

MODIFICATIONS

The above embodiments are examples of forms that the beams 10 and the building 1 can take and are not intended to limit the forms. The beams 10 and the building 1 may take a form differing from those described in the above embodiments. Examples of the form include a form in which part of the structure in the embodiment is replaced, modified, or removed, and a form in which a new structure is added to the embodiment. Modifications of the embodiment will now be described.

The reinforcing portion 30 may have a structure other than those structures described in the embodiments. In a modification of the reinforcing portion 30, a fiber sheet may be wound around the adjacent portion 26 to reinforce the adjacent portion 26. An example of the fiber sheet is a carbon fiber sheet.

The adjacent portion 26 reinforced with the reinforcing portion 30 of the embodiment and the modification may be further reinforced with adhesive. In the second embodiment, a gap between the shaft portion of the second bolt 37 and the through-hole 27 may be filled with adhesive. In the third embodiment, a gap between the connecting member 43 and the through-hole 27 may be filled with adhesive.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

DZ) vertical direction, S) drainage space, 1) building, 2) girder, 8) exterior extension, 10) beam, 11) beam body, 11A) upper surface, 11B) lower surface, 12) end, 20) notch portion, 26) adjacent portion, 27) through-hole, 30) reinforcing portion, 31) bolt, 35) bolt, 38) plate, 41) first plate, 42) second plate, 43) connecting member, 44) bolt, 47) first through member, 48) second through member, 63) sunken floor, 65) interior space

BEAM FOR BUILDING, AND BUILDING

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