The present disclosure relates to antenna array beamforming and, more particularly, to modular antenna array beamforming with improved steering accuracy for wideband signals.
Electronic devices, such as laptops, notebooks, netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones, for example, increasingly tend to include a variety of wireless communication capabilities operating at increased data rates. The wireless communication systems used by these devices are expanding into the higher carrier frequency ranges of the communication spectrum such as, for example, the millimeter wave region and, in particular, the 60 GHz band. However, propagation losses and attenuation increase at these higher frequencies, and it can become difficult to implement antenna systems in a manner that simultaneously provides the desired gain and spatial coverage.
Communication in this band at distances of approximately 50 meters or more (as, for example, outdoors or in large spaces) typically requires the use of highly directional antennas with gains greater than 30 dBi to compensate for the attenuation losses. Additionally, there is often a requirement for relatively wide sector coverage to include other devices and stations regardless of location. Some communication systems employ phased array beamforming to steer a relatively narrow beam in a desired direction. However, phased array antennas of the required size (for millimeter wave operation) impose limitations on the signal bandwidth. As the ratio of signal bandwidth to carrier frequency increases, the beam typically disperses and the desired “pencil-thin” beam may be transformed into an unsuitable wide angle beam.
Features and advantages of embodiments of the claimed subject matter will become apparent as the following Detailed Description proceeds, and upon reference to the Drawings, wherein like numerals depict like parts, and in which:
Although the following Detailed Description will proceed with reference being made to illustrative embodiments, many alternatives, modifications, and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Generally, this disclosure provides systems and methods for modular antenna array beamforming with controllable antenna module delay for improved beam steering accuracy. The modular architecture enables the synthesis of larger composite antenna arrays from smaller sub-array antenna modules. A combination of radio frequency (RF) beamforming in the sub-array antenna modules and baseband beamforming between sub-array antenna modules provides increased beamforming capability. A controllable time delay module associated with each sub-array antenna module reduces beam dispersion. The system may be configured to operate in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) region of the RF spectrum and, in particular, the 60 GHz region associated with the use of, for example, wireless personal area network (WPAN) and wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems.
In some embodiments, the central beamforming module 104 may operate at baseband, intermediate frequency (IF) or at RF. The data to be transmitted or received by the system may be provided through a data port (not shown) that couples the central beamforming module 104 to a processor or any other suitable system configured to generate or receive data.
The signals on control links 206 received from the central beamforming module 104 may further adjust the weighting coefficients to cause the RF beamforming antenna modules 202 to perform as a single larger antenna array with increased beamforming capability compared to the individual RF beamforming antenna modules 202, as will be explained in greater detail below.
Frequency up-conversion and down-conversion (not shown) may be performed on the transmit and receive signals (respectively) to convert between baseband (or immediate frequency—(IF)) and RF. In a preferred embodiment, the up/down frequency conversion may be performed by a module included in the RFIC 312. In some other embodiments, the frequency conversion may be performed by a module deployed between the RFIC 312 and the central beamforming module 104.
Thus, traditional phased array antennas are subject to limitations on the bandwidth of the signal for which a beam may be efficiently steered. Specifically it can be shown that the approximate relation between signal bandwidth (relative to the carrier frequency) that can be efficiently steered and antenna aperture can be expressed as follows:
where Δf is the signal bandwidth, f is the carrier frequency, λ is the signal carrier wavelength, A is the antenna aperture size and N is the number of wavelengths that fit in the aperture. If the beam to be steered carries a signal with a ratio of bandwidth to carrier frequency that exceeds this limit, the resulting beam dispersion, as different frequency components are steered to different angles, will degrade system performance. This phenomenon is further illustrated in
One approach to solving this problem is to align the wave fronts by substituting adjustable delay blocks for the phase shifters 308 associated with each antenna element 302 in the RFIC 312. This works since the signal travel distance is directly proportional to the time delay and does not depend on wavelength or frequency. This solution is prohibitively expensive, however, due to the complexity of implementing an adjustable delay module at the high resolutions associated with mm-wave frequency bands and providing that delay module for each antenna element in a very large antenna array.
As an alternative, embodiments of the present disclosure employ a single adjustable delay module 204 between each antenna module sub-array 202 and the central beamforming module 104 which significantly reduces the number of delay modules and the cost of the system. The signals are delayed by a value that is based on the desired beam steering angle and the geometry of the array. In some embodiments, the delay value for each antenna module 202 may be calculated as
dT=n*L*sin(A)/c,
where n is the antenna module index (i.e., 0, . . . N−1 for N modules), L is the distance between antenna modules, A is the steering angle and c is the speed of light. This approach may reduce the total system channel delay spread to value more closely associated with the delay spread of a single antenna module sub-array. Total system beam dispersion may similarly be reduced with the dispersion being inversely proportional to the number of antenna module sub-arrays deployed in the composite array.
Embodiments of the methods described herein may be implemented in a system that includes one or more storage mediums having stored thereon, individually or in combination, instructions that when executed by one or more processors perform the methods. Here, the processor may include, for example, a system CPU (e.g., core processor) and/or programmable circuitry. Thus, it is intended that operations according to the methods described herein may be distributed across a plurality of physical devices, such as processing structures at several different physical locations. Also, it is intended that the method operations may be performed individually or in a subcombination as would be understood by one skilled in the art. Thus, not all of the operations of each of the flowcharts need to be performed, and the present disclosure expressly intends that all subcombinations of such operations are enabled as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The storage medium may include any type of tangible medium, for example, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs), compact disk re-writables (CD-RWs), digital versatile disks (DVDs) and magneto-optical disks, semiconductor devices such as read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs) such as dynamic and static RAMs, erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), flash memories, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions.
“Circuitry,” as used in any embodiment herein, may comprise, for example, singly or in any combination, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry, state machine circuitry, and/or firmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry. An app may be embodied as code or instructions which may be executed on programmable circuitry such as a host processor or other programmable circuitry. A module, as used in any embodiment herein, may be embodied as circuitry. The circuitry may be embodied as an integrated circuit, such as an integrated circuit chip.
Thus, the present disclosure provides systems, methods and platforms for modular antenna array beamforming with controllable antenna module delay for improved beam steering accuracy.
The system may include a plurality of antenna modules, each of the antenna modules including an array of antenna elements coupled to an RF beamforming circuit, the RF beamforming circuit to adjust phase shifts associated with the antenna elements to generate an antenna beam associated with the antenna module. The system of this example may also include a delay circuit coupled to each of the antenna modules. The system of this example may further include a central beamforming module coupled to each of the delay circuits, the central beamforming module to control the antenna beam associated with each of the antenna modules and further to adjust signal delays associated with the delay circuits, and the arrays of antenna elements of the antenna modules combine to operate as a composite antenna beamforming array.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is further to control the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam, the composite antenna beam having a higher gain and narrower beamwidth than the antenna beams associated with the antenna modules.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is further to control the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam, the composite antenna beam having a wider beamwidth than the antenna beams associated with the antenna modules.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is further to control the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam and to steer the composite antenna beam from a first direction to a second direction.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the signal delay adjustments are based on a beam steering direction of the composite antenna beam.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is included in a baseband processor, an intermediate frequency processor or an RF processor.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the RF beamforming circuits are RFICs and the antenna modules are to operate in a millimeter wave frequency range.
Another example system includes the forgoing components and the antenna elements are coupled to the RF beamforming circuit by micro-strip feeding lines.
According to another aspect there is provided a method. The method may include adjusting phase shifts associated with antenna elements, the antenna elements included in an array of antenna elements coupled to an RF beamforming circuit, the adjusting performed by the RF beamforming circuit to generate an antenna beam, the antenna beam associated with an antenna module, the antenna module including the array of antenna elements and the RF beamforming circuit. The method of this example may also include adjusting signal delays associated with a plurality of delay circuits, the delay circuits coupled to each of a plurality of the antenna modules, the adjusting performed by a central beamforming module coupled to the delay circuits, and the arrays of antenna elements of the antenna modules combine to operate as a composite antenna beamforming array.
Another example method includes the forgoing operations and further includes controlling the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam, the composite antenna beam having a higher gain and narrower beamwidth than the antenna beams associated with the antenna modules.
Another example method includes the forgoing operations and further includes controlling the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam, the composite antenna beam having a wider beamwidth than the antenna beams associated with the antenna modules.
Another example method includes the forgoing operations and further includes controlling the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam and to steer the composite antenna beam from a first direction to a second direction.
Another example method includes the forgoing operations and the signal delay adjusting is based on a beam steering direction of the composite antenna beam.
Another example method includes the forgoing operations and the central beamforming module is included in a baseband processor, an intermediate frequency processor or an RF processor.
According to another aspect there is provided a platform. The platform may include a processor; an input/output module coupled to the processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and a wireless communication interface coupled to the processor. The wireless communication interface of this example may include a plurality of antenna modules each of the antenna modules including an array of antenna elements coupled to an RF beamforming circuit, the RF beamforming circuit to adjust phase shifts associated with the antenna elements to generate an antenna beam associated with the antenna module. The wireless communication interface of this example may also include a delay circuit coupled to each of the antenna modules. The wireless communication interface of this example may further include a central beamforming module coupled to each of the delay circuits, the central beamforming module to control the antenna beam associated with each of the antenna modules and further to adjust signal delays associated with the delay circuits, and the arrays of antenna elements of the antenna modules combine to operate as a composite antenna beamforming array.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is further to control the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam, the composite antenna beam having a higher gain and narrower beamwidth than the antenna beams associated with the antenna modules.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is further to control the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam, the composite antenna beam having a wider beamwidth than the antenna beams associated with the antenna modules.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is further to control the composite antenna beamforming array to generate a composite antenna beam and to steer the composite antenna beam from a first direction to a second direction.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the signal delay adjustments are based on a beam steering direction of the composite antenna beam.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the central beamforming module is included in a baseband processor, an intermediate frequency processor or an RF processor.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the RF beamforming circuits are included in one or more RFICs and the antenna modules are to operate in a millimeter wave frequency range.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the antenna elements are coupled to the RF beamforming circuit by micro-strip feeding lines.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the platform is a smartphone, a laptop computing device or a tablet.
Another example platform includes the forgoing components and the platform is a wireless base station.
The terms and expressions which have been employed herein are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described (or portions thereof), and it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the claims are intended to cover all such equivalents. Various features, aspects, and embodiments have been described herein. The features, aspects, and embodiments are susceptible to combination with one another as well as to variation and modification, as will be understood by those having skill in the art. The present disclosure should, therefore, be considered to encompass such combinations, variations, and modifications.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/RU2012/001098 | 12/21/2012 | WO | 00 | 12/16/2013 |