BI-POLAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to surgical devices, in particular, surgical devices that employ a bi-polar surgical device that is suited for microsurgical applications such as neurosurgical and spinal surgical procedures, while minimizing thermal impact to surrounding tissue.

BACKGROUND

Monopolar devices have been employed for years to cauterize vessels and cut tissue depending on the frequency used. Monopolar devices operate by using the patient as the ground pathway to complete the circuit. However, this arrangement is not efficacious in certain applications, such as neurosurgical procedures, as the energy moves through the entire body, including, for example, brain tissue.

Bipolar cautery devices have also been employed to coagulate and cauterize tissues such as vessels. Bipolar cautery devices utilize two electrodes, with the intent to localize energy between the two poles of the electrodes, thereby minimizing energy delivery to adjacent tissues and structures. However, one of the issues with bipolar cautery devices is the ability to control the amount of energy to be delivered to accomplish the desired coagulation or tissue welding, depending on the application. Less energy is required the closer the electrodes are positioned together. However, it is undesirable to have the electrodes contact each other directly, as when this happens, no energy is being delivered to the intended tissues and no coagulation/cautery occurs to the intended tissue. If the electrodes are spaced too far apart, more energy is required to achieve coagulation, which can lead to collateral tissue damage.

In certain applications, such as in neurosurgical applications, it is desirable to deliver as low an amount of energy as possible when attempting to mitigate a bleeding vessel to prevent collateral tissue damage, especially around critical structures within the brain. However, for bipolar cautery devices where the poles are at a fixed distance apart from one another, the amount of energy for a given application can be too great for the intended target, thereby leading to undesirable collateral tissue damage.

Currently, bipolar devices cause line of sight issues, especially during microsurgical procedures which also require working down a narrow corridor. More specifically, the electrode ends of the bipolar of are not easily visible in conjunction with the area of interest when the device is placed down a corridor, as the electrode shafts and/or the handle of the device or even the user's own hand blocks the view. Bayonet designs have been employed to address the needs of the microscopic procedures but these are of limited effectiveness in narrow corridor microsurgical approaches.

One issue with surgical access systems used in microsurgical procedures is visibility. Typically when employing an access system in a surgical procedure, it is often like operating in a poorly lit tunnel. To provide illumination, it is known to employ a separate lighting apparatus to deliver light to illuminate the surgical corridor. Known arrangements include the use of a microscope or endoscope. However, an issue that arises with the use of such devices is the need to position the lighting device back and away from the surgical area to provide a working space for the surgical equipment used during the procedure. More specifically, the volume of light is lost as the equipment is placed further back, providing less light to actually illuminate the surgical corridor.

Other arrangements include placing a separate lighting device within the working channel. However, such an arrangement can crowd the work space within the working channel. Moreover, instrument management also is an issue in that there is a need for a mechanism to hold the illumination device while manipulating other surgical devices. Further, positioning a light source in proximity to tissue in the body, especially including the brain, may generate undesirable heat, causing tissue damage.

Finally, another issue arises concerning locating wires to provide power to the light source. Positioning wires within the working channel to illuminate a light source inside the working channel may take up a significant amount of work space within the working channel and/or interfere with surgical tool use within the working channel. Further, there is also a need to be cautious when locating wires on the outside of the working channel as the wires need to be separately managed when positioning the working channel within the body. For example, wires must be kept away from making contact with brain tissue, as well as insuring that proper surgical protocols are being managed in the surgical field.

Another issue with currently available bipolar coagulation devices (as well as monpolar devices), is the ability to control visibility within the surgical field to identify an active bleeder and address the bleeder which is of unknown origin. What is needed is a single device which provides the ability to irrigate the entire field to push the blood away from a suspected bleeder location so as the user may clearly see the surgical field so as to locate the bleeder, as well as suction the excess fluid from the surgical field so as to visually clear the field to enable the user to coagulate the offending vessel while minimizing any collateral tissue damage during coagulation/cautery of the vessel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in greater detail with reference to the attached figures, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a surgical system that includes a bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a first exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a second exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2C is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a third exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2D is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a fourth exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2E is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a fifth exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2F is an enlarged end view from a proximal direction of the distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument depicted in FIG. 2E.

FIG. 2G is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a fifth exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2H is an enlarged view of area 2 of FIG. 1 depicting a sixth exemplary arrangement of a distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2I is an enlarged side cross-sectional view of the exemplary arrangement of the distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument illustrated in FIG. 2H;

FIG. 2J is an enlarged side view of the exemplary arrangement of the distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument illustrated in FIG. 2H;

FIG. 2K is a top view of the exemplary arrangement of the distal end of the bi-polar surgical instrument illustrated in FIG. 2H;

FIG. 2L is a top view of an exemplary arrangement of the distal end of a bi-polar surgical instrument;

FIG. 2M is a side elevational view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2L;

FIG. 2N is a perspective view of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2K and 2L, slightly modified.

FIG. 3A is an exemplary arrangement of a shaft member of the bi-polar surgical instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3B is an alternative exemplary arrangement of a shaft member of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4A is a third alternative exemplary arrangement of a shaft member of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4B is a fourth alternative exemplary arrangement of a shaft member of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a partially exploded view of the bi-polar instrument;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7A is an enlarged view of area 7A from FIG. 6 depicting a proximal end of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7B is an enlarged cross-sectional perspective view of the proximal end of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of area 8 from FIG. 1 depicting a vent feature of the bi-polar instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9A is an exploded view of an alternative arrangement of a bipolar instrument;

FIG. 9B is a proximal end view of a shaft member of the biopolar instrument of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10A is cross-sectional top view of the bipolar instrument of FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10B is an enlarged cross-sectional perspective view of the proximal end of the bipolar instrument of FIG. 9A;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a distal end of the bipolar instrument of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a proximal end of a sleeve of the bipolar instrument of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an assembled bipolar instrument of FIG. 9A with an alternative orientation of a vent aperture and fluid connection.

FIG. 14A is a perspective view of a surgical system with a bipolar instrument operatively connected to a fluid system.

FIG. 14B is an enlarged view of encircled area 14B in FIG. 14A.

FIGS. 15A-15C are elevational views of a bipolar instrument, illustrating various cannula lengths and configurations.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of light delivery arrangement for a surgical system;

FIG. 17A is a partial perspective view of the light delivery arrangement of FIG. 16;

FIG. 17B is an enlarged view of valve element and Touhy Borst connector for use as an alternative light delivery arrangement of FIG. 16-17A;

FIG. 17C is a plan view of a sealing member that may be used with the light delivery arrangement of FIG. 17A.

FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view of a distal end of the surgical system of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an alternative light delivery arrangement connected to a surgical system;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the light delivery arrangement of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21A is cross-sectional view of a guide tubing arrangement for use with the light delivery arrangement of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21B is an enlarged view of the guide tubing arrangement of FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an alternative light delivery arrangement connected to a surgical system;

FIG. 23A is a perspective view of the light delivery arrangement of FIG. 22;

FIG. 23B is a cross section view of the connector element of FIG. 23A;

FIG. 24A is cross-sectional view of a guide tubing arrangement for use with the light delivery arrangement of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24B is an enlarged view of the guide tubing arrangement of FIG. 24A;

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the interaction of the guide tube arrangement of FIGS. 21A and 24A with a surgical system;

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a distal end of a surgical system with a light delivery system; and

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an alternative light delivery arrangement connected to a surgical system

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the discussion that follows and also to the drawings, illustrative approaches to the disclosed instruments and methods are shown in detail. Although the drawings represent some possible approaches, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated, removed, or partially sectioned to better illustrate and explain the present disclosure. Further, the descriptions set forth herein are not intended to be exhaustive or otherwise limit or restrict the claims to the precise forms and configurations shown in the drawings and disclosed in the following detailed description.

Described herein is a bipolar coagulation surgical instrument that is configured for aspiration. In addition, an embodiment of the bipolar coagulation surgical instrument also provides for delivery of fluid to the surgical field. Further, the bipolar coagulation surgical instrument provides for delivery of light directly to the surgical site, through the surgical instrument to illuminate the surgical site.

The surgical instrument may be configured to connect to an existing vacuum supply, which may include a vacuum system hose fluidly connected to an existing vacuum source. The vacuum supply may supply a predefined level of vacuum to a distal end of the surgical instrument. The surgical instrument may be configured to include an aspiration control device configured to selectively control the level of vacuum supplied to the distal end, including while in operation in the surgical field.

Referring to FIG. 1, a bipolar surgical instrument 10 is illustrated. Surgical instrument 10 comprises a handpiece 12, a shaft member 14 extending distally from handpiece 12 and electrodes 16, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516, 616, 674 as best seen in FIGS. 2A-2N. Operatively connected to handpiece 12 is an aspiration line 18, a fluid delivery line 20, and a cautery supply cable 22. A secondary fluid supply, as exemplified by a syringe 24, may also operatively connected to handpiece 12.

Shaft member 14 may be configured from suitable surgical grade materials so as to be selectively malleable by the user. More specifically, a user may be able to selectively bend shaft member 14 for a selectively customizable surgical instrument 10. However, the material for shaft member 14 must also have a sufficient strength so as to hold its shape once a user bends shaft member 14 to a desired configuration. Examples of suitable surgical grade materials include, but are not limited to stainless steel.

A vent opening 26 may be formed within a portion of handpiece 12. In one exemplary arrangement, vent opening 26 is configured with a teardrop shape. An aspiration pressure control valve 28 may be operatively connected to handpiece 12 to selectively vary the aspiration pressure delivered through shaft member 14, as will be explained in further detail below. In one exemplary arrangement, aspiration pressure control valve 28 is configured as a slidable sleeve 32 that extends around the circumference of a portion of handpiece 12. However, it is understood that other configurations of aspiration pressure control valve 28 are contemplated. More specifically, any configuration of aspiration pressure control valve 28 may be employed so long as aspiration pressure control valve 28 is sized to cover vent opening 26 to provide full aspiration pressure to a distal end 34 of shaft member 14. An outer surface of slidable sleeve 32 may be configured with gripping members (not show) to provide a frictional contact by a user. Similarly, an outer surface of handpiece 12 may also be provided with gripping members 30 to facilitate grasping of handpiece 12.

Turning to FIGS. 2A-2N, various exemplary arrangements of electrodes 16, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516, 616 and 674 and shaft members 14, 514, 614, and 672 will now be discussed. FIG. 2A illustrates distal end 34 of shaft member 14. As may be seen, shaft member 14 includes an aspiration lumen 36 and a fluid lumen 38 that extend therethrough and are open at distal end 34. Electrodes 16 include connection ends 41 that are seated within electrode channels 40 (best seen, for example, in FIG. 3B) and extend distally from a distal end 34 of shaft member 14. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, connection ends 41 of electrodes 16 are sealed within electrode channels 40.

Electrodes 16 each include an irrigation tube 42 disposed therein that defines an irrigation lumen 44 therein that opens at a distal tip 46 of each electrode 16. Irrigation lumens 44 are designed to deliver fluid, such as saline, at a set flow rate. More specifically, the diameter of irrigation lumen 44 may be sized appropriately to deliver fluid at a set flow rate. Irrigation lumens 44 are operatively connected to fluid delivery line 20 within handpiece 12. Fluid delivery line 20 is operatively connected to a fluid supply source such as, for example, saline.

Electrodes 16 are spaced apart from one another to create a treatment pathway 48 therebetween and are angled away from aspiration lumen 36. The angle of electrodes 16 serves to provide increased visibility during use of the surgical instrument 10 as distal tips 46 extend radially outwardly of a periphery of shaft member 14. More specifically, especially in microsurgical corridor approaches, as well as to improve the user's visualization at the surgical site, the distal tips 46 are in a different plane than the shaft member 14, in a “up toe” configuration, thereby allowing a user to see the distal tips 46 while working in the surgical field, even in a narrow corridor. Angled electrodes 16 also allow the user to apply the electrodes in a parallel manner to a surface of the tissue or vessel to be coagulated. As visibility of distal tips 46 is improved, this configuration also improves accessibility to the tissue and provides the user the ability to straddle the desired vessel for coagulation of the vessel or tissues. It also provides the user the ability to maintain an optimal fixed distance between electrodes 16.

Aspiration lumen 36 serves to aspirate bodily fluid, as well as fluid exiting irrigation lumens 44 at distal tips 46 and/or fluids and materials exiting delivery lumen 38, thereby creating a clear surgical field. Optional fluid lumen 38 may be operatively connected to syringe 24 and permits selective deployment of fluid to a surgical field, such as, for example, saline or other fluid. By providing optional fluid lumen 38, the user is provided with an opportunity to control fluid delivery at certain times during a surgical procedure, for example to selectively flush the surgical field. Optional fluid lumen 38 is disposed on an opposite portion of distal end 34 than aspiration lumen 36 such that connection ends 41 of electrodes are positioned between aspiration lumen 36 and fluid lumen 38. This configuration prevents fluid delivered from fluid lumen 38 from being immediately aspirated into aspiration lumen 36.

Fluid delivery through the irrigation lumen 44, as well as optional fluid lumen 38, provides for coagulation in a controlled wet field. Moreover, the fluid from irrigation lumens 44 also acts as a conductor between electrodes 16 and in the treatment pathway 48, while reducing any heat generated between the electrodes 16 during cauterization to minimize collateral burning of adjacent tissue. Moreover, carbonized buildup at distal tips 46 is minimized, due to the irrigation provided to the electrodes 16.

An alternative configuration of distal end 34 of shaft member 14 is illustrated in FIG. 2B. Shaft member 14 in FIG. 2B may be configured the same as that shown in FIG. 2A. Electrodes 116 are similar to that shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2A in that electrodes 116 also include connection ends 141 that are sealed within electrode channels 40 and distal tips 146 are angled away from aspiration lumen 36. However, distal tips 146 are closed with end caps 142. Moreover, one or more irrigation openings 144 are formed within electrodes 116. In one exemplary arrangement, electrodes 116 are provided with a plurality of irrigation openings 144. Irrigation openings 144 are in communication with an inner lumen formed within electrodes 116. Irrigation openings 144 may also be configured with predetermined sized diameters so as to deliver a desired flow rate of fluid through electrodes 116. In one exemplary arrangement, irrigation openings 144 are oriented away from aspiration lumen 38 such that fluid is not immediately aspirated into aspiration lumen 38 upon delivery.

Turning to FIG. 2C, a further alternative arrangement of distal end 34 of shaft member 14 is shown. Shaft member 14 in FIG. 2C may be configured similar to that shown in FIGS. 2A-2B. Electrodes 216 include connection ends 241 that are disposed within electrode channels 240. Electrodes 216 differ from electrodes 16 and 116 in that electrodes 216 are configured as solid members, rather than having an internal lumen. Distal tips 246 of electrodes are angled away from aspiration lumen 36, similar to distal tips 46, 146.

Electrode channels 240 are configured have a diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the electrodes 216 such that a gap is formed between an outer surface of electrodes 216 and an inner surface 243 (best seen in FIG. 3B) of electrode channels 240. The gap serves as an irrigation annulus to provide fluid to the surgical field, adjacent electrodes 216. The size of electrode channels 240 are selected to provide a self-regulating and predetermined flow rate. Optional fluid lumen 38 is disposed radially outwardly from electrode channels 240 and opposite aspiration lumen 36.

Another embodiment of distal end 34 of shaft member 14 is shown is shown in FIG. 2D. Shaft member 14 in FIG. 2D may be configured generally the same as that shown in FIGS. 2A-2C. Electrodes 316 include connection ends 341 that are sealed within electrode channels 40, similar to that shown in FIGS. 2A-2B. Electrodes 316 are also configured similar to that that arrangement shown in FIG. 2C, in that electrodes 316 are configured as solid members, rather than having an internal lumen. Distal tips 346 of electrodes 316 are angled away from aspiration lumen 36, similar to distal tips 46, 146, and 246.

Irrigation is supplied by fluid lumen 38. In the configuration shown in FIG. 2D, fluid lumen 38 is required, if it is desired that surgical instrument 10 provides fluid. In one arrangement, fluid lumen 38 may be selected to have a predetermined diameter so as to be self-regulating at a desired flow rate.

A further alternative arrangement of distal end 34 of shaft member 14 is shown in FIGS. 2E-2F. Shaft member 14 in FIG. 2E may be configured to be generally the same as that shown in FIGS. 2A-2D. Electrodes 416 include connection ends 441 that are sealed within electrode channels 40, similar to that shown in FIGS. 2A-2B. Electrodes 416 may also be configured similar to that that arrangement shown in FIG. 2C, in that electrodes 416 may be configured as solid members, rather than having an internal lumen. However, it is understood that electrodes 416 may alternatively be configured with internal lumens, such as that shown in FIGS. 2A-2B and be provided with irrigation lumens positioned in either distal tips 446, similar to FIG. 2A or along the length of electrodes, as shown in FIG. 2B. Distal tips 446 of electrodes are angled away from aspiration lumen 36, similar to distal tips 46, 146, 246, 346. Further, in this exemplary arrangement, distal tips 446 of electrodes 416 are also splayed apart as best seen in FIG. 2F. This configuration defines a treatment passage 448 having a first treatment passage portion 448a formed by a parallel arrangement of electrodes 416. A second treatment passage portion 448b expands outwardly from first treatment passage portion 448a and is defined by electrodes 416 that are angled away from one another. This configuration permits compression of blood vessels 450 (shown in phantom) while cauterization is occurring.

Irrigation is supplied is supplied by fluid lumen 38. In the configuration shown in FIG. 2D, fluid lumen 38 is required, if it is desired that surgical instrument 10 provides fluid. In one arrangement, fluid lumen 38 may be selected to have a predetermined diameter so as to be self-regulating at a desired flow rate or may be controlled from an external regulated source.

A further alternative arrangement of distal end 534 of shaft member 514 is shown in FIG. 2G. Distal end 534 is configured with an aspiration lumen 536, a fluid lumen 538, and electrode channels 540. Electrodes 516 are disposed within electrode channels 540.

Aspiration lumen 536 is positioned below electrode channels 540. Aspiration lumen 536 is defined by a bottom wall portion 543 and a bottom surface 552 of a land area 545. As may be seen in FIG. 2G, bottom wall portion 543 of aspiration lumen 536 may be beveled in a rearward direction. This arrangement prevents aspiration lumen 536 from being occluded during the simultaneous use of the coagulation function of surgical device 10.

Fluid lumen 538 is formed above electrode channels 540. Fluid lumen 538 is defined by a top wall portion 553 and a top surface 554 of land area 545. Top wall portion 553 of fluid lumen 538 may also beveled in a rearward direction. This arrangement increases the field of view for a user, providing better visualization of distal tips 546 of electrodes 516 during use. Fluid lumen 538 permits selective delivery of fluid to the surgical field to facilitate and effectively manage the ability of a user to deliver any additional needed fluid to a surgical site in an in-line orientation, often also described as a coaxial arrangement. Examples of such fluid include, but are not limited to, a saline flush or delivery of a suitable hemostatic agent. However, it is understood that fluid lumen 538 is optional and may be omitted.

Electrode channels 540 are formed within land area 545. In one exemplary arrangement, electrode channels 540 are each sized to have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of a connection end 541 of electrode 516, similar to the construction illustrated in FIG. 2C, so as to form an irrigation annulus. As discussed above, delivery of fluid through electrode channels 540 results in fluid, such as saline, being delivered over the electrodes 516 for precision cooling of the electrodes 516 while it is energized, as well as the tissue. This configuration will create a low energy level that needs to be delivered to the tissue to accomplish coagulation, as opposed to the higher energy level's used for prior art devices. For example, traditional bipolar devices use a 25-35 unit setting on a generator to accomplish the necessary coagulation effect. The current arrangement permits use of a much lower setting on the order of 10 units, for example, thereby significantly improving the dosimetery of the energy and minimizing collateral tissue impact from the energy delivered to the tissue. Moreover, this configuration also reduces (and in some instances virtually eliminates) the traditional peripheral energy spread of the energy field. The use of lower energy means a lower collateral tissue impact. In certain surgical procedures, including, for example, neurological surgery, minimizing collateral impact of the energy is very important to preserve impact to tissue function.

Alternatively, electrodes 516 may be sealed within electrode channels, thereby omitting the irrigation annulus 540, similar to the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2B and 2D-2E. In such an arrangement, electrodes 516 may be configured with irrigation lumens, similar to that shown in FIG. 2A. Alternatively, irrigation may be supplied through fluid lumen 538.

Electrodes 516 also include distal tips 546. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2G, distal tips 546 are configured to taper toward the distal end of distal tips 546, so as to form a cone-shaped profile. This configuration provides improved visualization, as well as permits a desired orientation of electrodes 516 while working in a narrow surgical corridor. Moreover, this configuration creates an atraumatic tip, thereby minimizing the ability to unintentionally cut or pierce tissue or a vessel during use.

Electrodes 516 are positioned such that connection ends 541 are arranged to be parallel to one another, thereby creating a treatment pathway similar to treatment pathway 448a. However, similar to the arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 2E-2F, distal tips 546 are splayed so as to oriented away from one another, thereby creating a V-shaped portion 548b to the treatment pathway. This configuration and orientation permits electrodes 516 to straddle a vessel, thereby focusing and delivering the energy of the electrodes 516 to the vessel to be coagulated, but not the surrounding tissues. The bend at connection end 541 of electrodes also permits the electrodes 516 to be placed, when desired, parallel to a vessel to be coagulated, thereby minimizing the damage caused by the electrode 516 “digging into” to an underlying tissue substrate.

Referring to FIGS. 2H-2K, a further embodiment of distal end 634 of shaft member 614 is illustrated. Distal end 634 of shaft member 614 is similar to distal end 534 of shaft member 514 in that distal end 634 is configured with an aspiration lumen 636, a fluid lumen 638, and electrode channels 640 that have a similar configuration as to that shown in FIG. 2G. Electrodes 616 also have a similar configuration as to electrodes 516 and are disposed within electrode channels 640.

For example, aspiration lumen 636 is formed below electrode channels 640. Aspiration lumen 636 is defined by a bottom wall portion 643 and a bottom surface 652 of a land area 645. As may be seen in FIGS. 2H and 21, bottom wall portion 643 of aspiration lumen 636 may be beveled in a rearward direction. Undercuts 658 are in communication with bottom wall portion 643. Undercuts 658 cooperate with the beveled bottom wall portion 643 to prevent aspiration lumen 636 from being occluded during use.

Turning to FIGS. 2L-2M, a further alternative arrangement of a distal end 670 of a shaft member 672 is shown. Shaft member 672 in FIG. 2M may be configured generally the same as that shown in FIGS. 2H-2J, in that distal end 670 is configured with an aspiration lumen similar to that shown in FIG. 2I, a fluid lumen that is configured generally the same as that shown in FIG. 2I, and electrode channels that have a similar configuration as to that shown in FIG. 2H. Electrodes 674 are disposed within the electrode channels in a similar manner as sown in FIG. 2H.

However, in the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2L-2M, electrodes 674 are configured with generally opposing engagement surfaces 676 that cooperate to define a treatment pathway 680. Engagement surfaces 676 may be constructed to be generally planar. In one exemplary configuration, best seen in FIG. 2L, engagement surfaces 676 are oriented such that engagement surfaces 676 at tip members 678 are displaced further away from one another than engagement surfaces 676 adjacent a land area 678 of shaft member 672 such that a generally V-shaped treatment pathway 680 is created. This configuration allows for electrodes 674 to straddle a vessel, thereby focusing and delivering the energy of the electrodes 516 to the vessel to be coagulated, but not the surrounding tissues. Moreover, the V-shape treatment pathway 680 also serves to accommodate different sized vessels, represented in phantom in FIG. 2L. In one exemplary configuration, the distance between engagement surfaces 676 at tip member 678 is approximately 0.07 inches, while the distance between engagement surfaces 676 adjacent land member 678 is approximately 0.01.

As illustrated in FIG. 2M, electrodes 674 are configured as bent at 682. This configuration permits the electrodes 674 to be placed, when desired, parallel to a vessel to be coagulated, thereby minimizing the opportunity for damage to be caused by the electrodes 674 “digging into” to an underlying tissue substrate.

As discussed above, an aspiration lumen may be formed below electrode channels into which electrodes 674 are positioned. Aspiration, indicated by arrow A is directed into the aspiration lumen under electrodes 674. The aspiration lumen may be configured as shown in FIG. 2G or 2H and a bottom wall portion that defines the aspiration lumen may be beveled. While not shown, undercuts may also be provided.

A fluid lumen, similar to that which is shown in FIG. 2H may also be provided. A top wall portion that defines the fluid lumen may be beveled. This arrangement increases the field of view for a user, providing better visualization of distal tips 678 of electrodes 674 during use. The fluid lumen permits selective delivery of fluid represented by arrow F (as shown in FIG. 2M) to the surgical field to facilitate and effectively manage the ability of a user to deliver any additional needed fluid to a surgical site in an in-line orientation. The ability to simultaneously provide irrigation, aspiration an coagulation in a common plane as a co-axial configuration whereby the irrigation channel is above the electrodes and the aspiration channel is below the electrodes allows the user to irrigate the surgical field sufficiently with a “flushing action” of the irrigant exiting the irrigation channel in the same plane as the electrodes while the surgeon accurately controls the quantity of fluid aspirated from the surgical field so as to provide a clear field of view of where the actual bleeding vessel is originating from. This provides the surgeon the ability to accurately and precisely deliver coagulation to the offending vessel without damage to collateral tissues due to blindly digging, probing and burning the collateral tissues in search of the offending vessel.

Referring to FIG. 2N, a further exemplary arrangement of a distal end 684 of handpiece 672 is illustrated. The arrangement in FIG. 2N is generally the same as that of FIGS. 2L and 2M, except that the land area 679′ has been slightly modified. Accordingly, identical elements have been given identical reference numbers as the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2L-2M.

The land area 679′ is positioned between a fluid lumen where fluid F is configured to exit from the distal end 684 of the handpiece 672′ and an aspiration lumen that is configured to aspirate A fluid from a surgical site. Formed within the land area 679′ are electrode channels 686 through which electrodes 678 protrude. Electrode channels 686 are sized to be larger than a diameter of the electrodes 678 such that electrode channels 686 may be used to deliver fluid therethrough as discussed above in connection with previous alternative arrangements, such as, for example, FIG. 2G-2H. The land area 679′ further differs from land area 679 in that is extends further away from the distal end 684 of the handpiece 672′, thereby enhancing visibility. In addition, a front face 688 may be angled so as to slope distally outward from a top edge 690 to a bottom edge 692. As may be seen in FIG. 2N, bottom edge 692 is positioned distally of the top edge 690.

Handpiece 672′ may be configured similar to handpiece 672. Alternatively, top wall portion 653′ and bottom wall portion 642′ may only include a slight bevel around the circumference of distal end 684 of handpiece 672′.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3B, exemplary alternative options for a distal end of a shaft member are illustrated. More specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, distal end 734 of a shaft member 714 is illustrated. Distal end 734 may be configured with a generally planar end face 733. Electrode openings 40 and aspiration lumen 36 extend proximally from end face 733. Fluid lumen 38 also extends proximally from end face 733. In the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3A, fluid lumen 38 is positioned above aspiration lumen 36, but below and between electrode openings 40. Aspiration lumen 36 is contoured around fluid lumen 38. To reduce the profile of shaft member 714 and improve visibility of electrodes (not shown), a portion of shaft member 714 positioned above electrode openings 40 may be beveled to create a generally planar surface 715.

FIG. 3B illustrates another alternative arrangement of a distal end 834 of a shaft member 814. In this arrangement, distal end 834 may be configured with a generally planar end face 833. Electrode openings 40 and aspiration lumen 36 extend proximally from end face 733. Fluid lumen 38 also extends proximally from end face 733 and is positioned above, and between electrode openings 40, similar to the configuration shown in FIGS. 2A-2E. To reduce the profile of the shaft member 814 and improve visibility of distal end 834, top surface 815 of shaft member 814 is contoured around fluid lumen 38.

FIG. 4A illustrates the arrangement of distal end 534 of shaft member 514, with electrodes 516 removed. As may be seen, fluid lumen 538 is separated from aspiration lumen 536 by a land area 545. Land area 545 is contoured around electrode channels 540 to form side channels 547a, 547b. Side channels 547a, 547b permits fluid to be directed above and alongside electrodes 516.

FIG. 4B illustrates the arrangement of distal end 634 of shaft member 614, with electrodes 616 removed. Fluid lumen 638 is separated from aspiration lumen 636 by a land area 645, similar to that shown in FIG. 4A. Land area 645 is also contoured around electrode channels 640 to form side channels 647a, 647b. Side channels 647a, 647b permits fluid to be directed above and alongside electrodes 616.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of surgical instrument 10. FIGS. 6-7B illustrate cross-sectional views of surgical instrument 10. Turning to FIG. 5, surgical instrument 10 comprises shaft member 14, a cap member 60, an inner sleeve 62, an outer sleeve 64, control valve 28, and electrodes 16 (only one of which is depicted in FIG. 5). Shaft member 14 is defined by distal end 34 and a proximal end 58. An irrigation opening 65 is formed through a portion of shaft member 14, as will be explained in further detail below. Irrigation opening 65 is configured to cooperate with a fluid supply. A vacuum relief opening 66 (best seen in FIG. 7B) is also formed through a portion of shaft member 14. Vacuum relief opening 66 is configured to communicate with a vacuum chamber 82, as will be discussed below.

Cap member 60, best seen in FIG. 6, is defined by a body member 67 having an open proximal end 68 and shaft reinforcement member 70 that extends from a distal end face 71 of cap member 60. An inner seal mount 72 extends inwardly from distal end face 71. Receiving grooves 74 (best seen in FIG. 8) are formed on a proximal edge 75 of proximal end 68. Receiving grooves 74 are configured to frictionally retain slidable sleeve 32 of control valve 28, as will be explained below in further detail.

Inner sleeve 62 is defined by a distal end 76 and a proximal end 77. A sealing collar 78 is fixedly connected to inner sleeve 62 at distal end 76. As best seen in FIG. 6, sealing collar 78 cooperates with inner seal mount 72 of cap member 60 to secure sealing members 79 and 80 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 5). Sealing member 79 is disposed between sealing collar 78 and inner seal mount 72. Sealing member 80 is disposed between inner seal mount 72 and shaft member 14.

Inner sleeve 62 further includes vent opening 26. As will be explained in further detail below, vent opening 26 cooperates with slidable sleeve 32 to selectively cover and uncover vent opening 26 to vary the level aspiration being delivered through aspiration lumen 36. As best seen in FIG. 6, vent opening 26 is in communication with a vacuum chamber 82 that is in communication with a vacuum relief opening 66 (best seen in FIG. 7B) that is formed in shaft member 14.

Proximal end 77 of inner sleeve 62 includes openings 84 for introduction of fluid into surgical device 10. More specifically, a fluid connector 85 (best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7B) is configured to cooperate with openings 84 to deliver fluid through shaft member 14.

A sealing groove 86 is formed in the outer surface of outer sleeve 62. Sealing groove 86 is configured to receive a sealing member 87. Sealing member 87 serves to provide a seal between outer sleeve 62 and outer sleeve 64. An electrode opening 88 is formed through proximal end 77 inner sleeve. Electrode opening 88 permits a connection end of electrodes 16 to be joined to a connection port 90, as seen in FIGS. 6-7B. A proximal chamber 91 is formed within proximal end 77 of inner sleeve 62. A radially inward extending rib 92 separates proximal chamber 91 and vacuum chamber 82.

Surgical instrument 10 further comprises an inner mounting member 94 that is positioned in proximal chamber 91 of inner sleeve 62 (as may be seen in FIG. 6). Inner mounting member 94 includes a body member 97 having first and second sealing grooves 95, 96 and a distal sleeve 98 having a slit 99 therein. An electrode opening 100 is formed in a proximal end of inner mounting member 94. Electrode opening 100 aligns with electrode opening 88 to provide a pathway for electrodes 16. Sealing members 101 and 102 are received within sealing grooves 96 and 95, respectively, and provides a seal between inner mounting member 94 and inner sleeve 62 so as to provide a sealed fluid pathway for irrigation lumens disposed around or through electrodes 216, including irrigation lumens 44, 144, 240, 540, and 640. An additional sealing member 103 is positioned between a rib 92 and a distal end of inner mounting member 94. Sealing member 103 cooperates with sealing member 102 to provide a fluid pathway that is in communication with fluid lumen 38.

Outer sleeve 64 is defined by a distal end 104 and a proximal end 105. Outer sleeve 64 may include a texturized surface so as to create a gripping surface. An inner portion of outer sleeve 64 may be provided with a receiving groove 106 that engages a detent (not shown) on inner sleeve 62 to secure outer sleeve 64 to inner sleeve 62. Proximal end 105 of outer sleeve 64 includes an aspiration mount 107 and an electrode connection mount 108.

Aspiration mount 107 defines a chamber 109 therein. A flexible washer 110 is seated therein. Aspiration mount 107 is configured to receive an aspiration connection mount 111. Aspiration connection mount 111 includes a flange member 112 that is positioned between distal and proximal ends 113, 114 thereof. An aspiration channel 115 extends therethrough. Distal end 114 of aspiration connection mount 111 is extends through chamber 109 and is configured to selectively rotate within aspiration mount 107. A cap member 124 closes chamber 109. This rotation serves to prevent surgeon fatigue during use. More specifically, weight of an aspiration line operatively connected to the aspiration connection mount 111 will cause the aspiration connection mount 111 to rotate so as to move the aspiration line automatically out of the surgeon's way during a procedure, as opposed to the surgeon needing to rotate his or her operating hand in awkward positions to move the aspiration line. Vacuum grease (not shown) may be positioned between flange member 112 and flexible washer 110 within chamber 109 to assist in rotation. When mounted within aspiration mount 107, aspiration channel 115 is in communication with an aspiration pathway 116 formed in inner mounting member 64.

Aspiration pathway 116 receives shaft member 14 such that aspiration delivered from an aspiration source through aspiration mount 107 is communicated to aspiration lumen 36 of shaft member 14. To isolate fluid delivery from aspiration, areas 117 and 118 are filled with adhesive (not shown) on either side of a fluid channel 119 that is in communication with one of openings 84. Electrode lumens 120 (one of which is visible in FIG. 7B) are mounted within shaft member 14 and define electrode channels 40, which house electrodes 16. In the embodiments where fluid is delivered is delivered through electrode channels 40 (e.g., FIGS. 2C, 2G-21), electrode lumens 120 are each provided with an irrigation opening 121 that provides communication from irrigation opening 65 to electrode channels 40 to permit irrigation to be delivered around electrodes 16.

A second irrigation chamber 122 is provided between an outer distal surface of inner mounting member 94 and sealing member 103. Irrigation chamber 122 is in communication with one of openings 84 through inner sleeve 62, as well as an opening 123 that is formed within shaft member 14, between irrigation opening 65 and aspiration opening 66. Opening 123 is in communication with fluid lumen 38 and may be sized to provide a controlled flow rate of fluid through the fluid lumen 38.

Connection port 90 is received within electrode connection mount 108. Connection port 90 is configured to receive an electrical source for energizing electrodes 16. A proximal end of electrodes 16 is received within connection port 90 to facilitate delivery of energy.

Fluid connector 85, as best seen in FIG. 6, includes a connection end 125, irrigation tube 126 and fluid tube 128. Irrigation tube 126 is configured to be received within one openings 84, with fluid tube 128 being configured to be received within the other opening 84. Connection end 125 is configured to receive irrigation line 20 and tubing that connects to syringe 24. Fluid from irrigation line 20 is delivered through irrigation lumen 40, while fluid from syringe 24 is delivered through fluid lumen 38.

Referring to FIG. 8, control valve 28 is illustrated and will be explained. Control valve 28 comprises vent opening 26 and slidable sleeve 32. Vent opening 26 is in communication with vacuum chamber 82. In an exemplary configuration, vent opening 26 is configured with a teardrop shape, allowing the greatest amount of vacuum to be delivered when the entirety of the vent opening 26 is covered. However, slidable sleeve 32 is configured to be selectively moved to cover or uncover vent opening 26 to immediately vary aspiration being delivered through aspiration lumen 36. More specifically, in the configuration shown in FIG. 8, when it is desired to have full aspiration, slidable sleeve 32 is moved distally to completely cover vent opening 26. A degree of vacuum will immediately be delivered as sleeve 32 advances over the widest portion of the teardrop shape (i.e., the bottom portion). As the slidable sleeve 32 approaches the tip of the teardrop (i.e., the top portion), fine application of vacuum may be applied.

As described above, slidable sleeve 32 may be provided with inner rib members (not shown) that are configured to frictionally engage receiving grooves 74 to retain slidable sleeve 32 to collar 67. When it is desired to reduce aspiration pressure, slidable sleeve 32 is moved in a proximal direction to at least partially expose vent opening 26, thereby venting vacuum chamber 82. When slidable sleeve 32 is moved so as to completely expose vent opening 26, there is no aspiration being delivered to aspiration lumen 36. This configuration is advantageous in that it permits a user to immediately release tissue while in use, as well as reduce aspiration as needed. Due to its position on handpiece 12, slidable sleeve 32 is easy to manipulate with a single hand from any orientation of the user gripping the device, also providing improved ease of use.

In one exemplary arrangement, vent opening 26 has a teardrop shape. This shape permits a controlled reduction of aspiration as slidable sleeve 32 moves proximally. However, it is understood that other shapes of vent opening 26 may be employed. It is also contemplated that other arrangements for operation of the slidable sleeve and vent opening may be utilized. Further examples will be discussed below.

An alternative arrangement of surgical device 200 is shown in FIGS. 9-12. FIG. 9A illustrates an exploded view of surgical device 200. FIG. 10A illustrates a cross-sectional view of surgical device 200. While the distal tip of surgical device 200 is similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 2G, it is understood that any of the distal tip arrangements illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2N may be employed, including, but not limited to spacing of the electrodes, or the particular configurations of the electrode tips.

Surgical device 200 comprises a shaft member 214, a cap member 260, a sleeve 262, a control valve 228, electrodes 216. An optional stiffening member 215 may also be included. Shaft member 214 is defined by distal end 234 and a proximal end 258. An optional outer sleeve 264 may also be included. An irrigation opening 265 is formed through a portion of shaft member 214, as will be explained in further detail below. Irrigation opening 265 is configured to cooperate with a fluid supply. A flush opening 266 is also formed through a portion of shaft member 214, which also is configured to communicate with a fluid supply. A vacuum relief opening 269 (best seen in FIG. 10B) is also formed through a portion of shaft member 214. Vacuum relief opening 269 is configured to communicate with a vacuum chamber 282 (shown in FIGS. 10A-10B), similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 6.

Cap member 260, best seen in FIG. 10A, is defined by a body member 267 having an open proximal end 268 and a distal end face 271. An inner seal mount 272 extends inwardly from distal end face 271.

Sleeve 262 is defined by a distal end 276 and a proximal end 277. In one exemplary configuration, first and second support collars 278a, 278b may be fixedly connected to sleeve 262. As best seen in FIG. 10A, support collars 278a, 278b cooperate with outer sleeve 264, which is mounted therebetween. Alternatively, first and second support collars 278a, 278b may be omitted and outer sleeve 264 may be over-molded onto sleeve 262. Outer sleeve 264 may be ergonomic in nature and include gripping elements on an outer surface thereof. In one exemplary arrangement, distal end 276 of sleeve 262 may further comprises a sealing groove 279. Sealing groove 279 cooperates with inner seal mount 272 and distal end face 271 to define a sealing chamber that receives a sealing member 280. In an alternative arrangement, no sealing groove is provided and the sealing member 280 bears against a distal wall face 281 with cap member 260 assembled thereto.

Sleeve 262 further includes vent opening 226. As will be explained in further detail below, vent opening 226 cooperates with a slidable sleeve 232 to define control valve 228. Slidable sleeve 232 is configured to selectively cover and uncover vent opening 226 to vary the level aspiration being delivered through an aspiration lumen 36 (seen in FIGS. 9B and 11, for example). Further, sleeve 262 is configured to allow a user to grip the surgical device at any ergonomically comfortable position and orientation based upon the needs of the surgical procedure, while still allowing the surgeon to maintain control of the aspiration infinitely and precisely. Vent opening 226 is in communication with vacuum chamber 282 that is in communication with vacuum relief opening 269 (best seen in FIG. 10B) that is formed in shaft member 214. In one exemplary configuration, vent opening 226 has a tear drop shape (see FIG. 9A), to allow for more effective control of venting.

In one exemplary arrangement, the tear drop shape of vent opening 226 is oriented with the widest part of the vent opening 226 toward the proximal end 277 of sleeve 262. In this arrangement, the slidable sleeve 232 may be biased toward the proximal end 277 with a spring member 283, shown in phantom in FIG. 10A. With this configuration, the slidable sleeve 232 is biased toward the proximal end 277 such that the surgical device 200 operation is biased toward no vacuum delivery. However, other exemplary configurations of the interaction of the slidable sleeve and vent opening are contemplated, and will be discussed in further detail below.

In one exemplary configuration, proximal end 277 of sleeve 262 includes an integrally formed hub member 263, allowing for ease of manufacture. However, it is understood that hub member 263 and sleeve 262 may be formed as separate elements without departing from the disclosure. Hub member 263 is generally hollow and includes fluid openings 284 for introduction of fluid into surgical device 200. In one exemplary arrangement, fluid openings 284 may be formed through a mounting plate 285 carried by hub member 263. A fluid connector (not shown) is configured to engage mounting plate 285 and cooperate with openings 284 to deliver fluid through shaft member 214.

In another exemplary arrangement (best seen in FIG. 13), mounting plate 285 is eliminated from hub 263′. Ports 288 that are connected to fluid openings 284 are formed through the hub 263′ to which fluid tubes 291a and 291b may be connected. In one exemplary arrangement, the fluid tubes 291a and 291b may be glued directly to the ports 288. In another exemplary arrangement, the ports 288 may be configured with upwardly extending hose barbs (not shown) to which fluid tubes 291a and 291b may be disposed over.

In one exemplary arrangement, hub member 263 defines a chamber 287 (see, FIG. 12) therein that is configured to receive an inner mounting member 294 (see FIG. 9A). Inner mounting member 294 will be discussed in greater detail below. As seen in FIGS. 10A-B, Chamber 287 may be configured with a step 296 that engages with a radially extending edge 303 of inner mounting member 294. Hub member 263 may further define a lateral opening 295 (FIG. 12). In one exemplary configuration, an end flange 305 may be disposed on proximal end 277. In one exemplary configuration, end flange 305 includes extension members 306 disposed on either side of lateral opening 295. Extension members 306 may each include openings 307. The openings 307 are configured to receive suitable fluid tubing (such as that shown in FIG. 13) that mates with fluid openings 284.

Inner mounting member 294 is configured to be positioned in chamber 287 of hub member 263. Inner mounting member 294 includes a body member 297 which defines first and second sealing grooves 293a, 293b and a distal sleeve segment 298. An electrode opening 300 is formed through an outer surface of inner mounting member 294. Electrode opening 300 aligns with lateral opening 295 to provide a pathway for electrodes 216. In one exemplary arrangement, a stabilizing member 301 is configured to be received within electrode opening 300. In another exemplary arrangement, stabilizing member is integrally formed with the inner mounting member 294. Stabilizing member 301 includes mounting channels 302 that are configured to secure electrodes 216 within shaft member 214 and direct ends of electrodes 216 to a connection mount 290 formed on an end cap 305. Connection mount 290 is configured to receive a connection port (as shown, for example, in FIG. 13) to operatively connect electrodes 216 to an electrical source for energizing electrodes 216. A proximal end of electrodes 216 will be received within the connection port to facilitate delivery of energy.

Sealing members 309 and 310 are received within sealing grooves 293a and 293b, respectively, and provides a seal between inner mounting member 294 and sleeve 262 so as to provide a sealed fluid pathway for irrigation lumens disposed around or through electrodes 216, including irrigation lumens 44, 144, 240, 540, and 640. (see, e.g., FIG. 11). An additional sealing member 311 is positioned between a rib 292 and a distal end of inner mounting member 294. Sealing member 311 cooperates with sealing member 293b to provide a fluid pathway that is in communication with fluid lumen 38. Rib 292 separates a flush chamber 326 (which is in communication with flush opening 266) and vacuum chamber 282.

A shaft mount 312 is received within inner mounting member 294. Shaft mount 312 is generally hollow. End cap 305 includes an aspiration mount 314 having an opening 316. The shaft mount 312 is disposed through opening 316. Shaft mount 312 is in fluid communication with proximal end 258 of shaft member 214, and in particular with aspiration lumen 36. Shaft mount 312 is configured to be connected to a suitable vacuum source. An outer surface of shaft mount 312 may include a mounting collar 317. Mounting collar 317 positions shaft mount 312 within inner mounting member 294, as well as allow for rotation of shaft mount 312 relative to end cap 305. A seal member 319 may be positioned around shaft mount 312, within a cavity 321 of end cap 305. Seal member 319 serves to direct aspiration to aspiration lumen 36. Area 323, adjacent to stabilizing member 301, is filled with adhesive (not shown) or other suitable material so ensure that aspiration is directed to aspiration lumen 36. Further, to isolate fluid delivery from aspiration, areas 325 and 327 are filled with adhesive on either side of a fluid channel 329 formed in inner mounting member 294 that is in communication with one of openings 284 and irrigation opening 265, similar to what is shown and described in FIG. 7B.

Flush chamber 326 is provided between rib 292 and radially extending edge 303 of inner mounting member 294. Flush chamber 326 is in communication with one of the openings 284 through sleeve 262, as well as flush opening 266 that is formed within shaft member 214. Flush opening 266 is in communication with fluid lumen 38. In one embodiment and may be sized to provide a controlled flow rate of fluid through the fluid lumen 38.

Control valve 228 comprises vent opening 226 and slidable sleeve 232. Vent opening 226 is in communication with vacuum chamber 282. Slidable sleeve 232 is configured to be selectively moved to cover or uncover vent opening 226 to immediately vary aspiration being delivered through aspiration lumen 36. More specifically, in the arrangement depicted in FIG. 10A, when it is desired to have full aspiration, slidable sleeve 232 is moved distally to completely cover vent opening 226. When it is desired to reduce aspiration pressure, slidable sleeve 232 is moved in a proximal direction to at least partially expose vent opening 226, thereby venting vacuum chamber 282. When slidable sleeve 232 is moved so as to completely expose vent opening 226, there is no aspiration being delivered to aspiration lumen 36. This configuration is advantageous in that it permits a user to immediately release tissue while in use, as well as reduce aspiration as needed. Due to its position on handpiece 212, slidable sleeve 232 is easy to manipulate with a single hand from any orientation of the user gripping the device, also providing improved ease of use.

In one exemplary arrangement, vent opening 226 has a teardrop shape. This shape permits a controlled reduction of aspiration as slidable sleeve 232 moves proximally. However, it is understood that other shapes of vent opening 226 may be employed.

An alternative arrangement for control valve 228′ is shown in FIG. 13. Control valve 228′ also comprises slidable sleeve 232 and vent opening 226. In this arrangement, however, slidable sleeve 232 is either biased toward distal end 276 of sleeve 262 with a spring mechanism (such as that shown in phantom in FIG. 10A) or permitted to freely float over sleeve 262. When permitted to freely float, as surgical device 200′ is used distal end 276 will be oriented in a downward direction, slidable sleeve 262 will automatically slide toward the distal end 276. This action will completely uncover vent opening 226, thereby ensuring that no vacuum is delivered.

However, when vacuum is desired to be delivered to the distal end 276, the slidable sleeve 232 is moved in a proximal direction. In the control valve 228′, the vent opening 226 is oriented so that the widest part of the teardrop shape is oriented toward the distal end 276 such that as slidable sleeve 232 is moved over the vent opening 226, the widest part will be covered first.

As outer member 264 is not required, a stiffening member 215 may be provided. In one exemplary arrangement, stiffening member 215 may extend substantially the length of the shaft member 214. More specifically, stiffening member 215 may be disposed in fluid lumen 38, as illustrated in FIG. 11. Stiffening member 215 assists in enabling the shaft member 214 to hold its shape.

Referring to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the proximal end 258 of shaft member 214 is configured with a land area 320 having grooves 322 formed in a top surface thereof. Grooves 322 extend into an end face 324 of shaft member 214 and join fluid openings 44 (or 144, 544, 644). Electrodes 216 are configured to be received within fluid openings 44.

In operation, fluid is delivered into opening 284 (via a fluid tubing connected thereto) and communicated into fluid channel 329 so as to direct irrigation to electrode channels 40. In this manner, fluid exits around electrodes 16, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516, 616, 674 during operation, so as to provide metered irrigation to the surgical site, thereby creating a “wet field”. Fluid may further be selectively provided to the surgical field through the other opening 284 (via a fluid tubing connected thereto). The other opening 284 is in communication with a flush chamber 326. A flush opening 266 formed in fluid lumen 38 is arranged within the flush chamber 326. In this manner, additional fluid may be optionally delivered through fluid lumen 38 to power flush a surgical site, thereby enabling clearing of surgical site, as well as assisting in locating the source of bleeding.

Referring to FIG. 13, as discussed above, proximal end 277′ of sleeve 262′ includes a hub 263′, which include fluid openings 288. Fluid tubes 291a and 291b may be directly fixedly secured to fluid openings 288. As is shown in FIG. 10B, one of fluid tubes 291a is operatively connected to flush chamber 326 via flush opening 266, while the other of fluid tubes 291b is operatively connected to fluid channel 329 so as to direct irrigation to fluid lumen 38.

An end cap 305′ slides over a proximal end of hub 263′ until end cap 305′ is positioned adjacent fluid openings 288. End cap 305′ is configured with an outer sleeve portion 402 that is generally the same diameter as sleeve 262′. Instead of laterally spaced extension members 306 on hub 263, end cap 305′ is provided with a fluid retention member 404. Fluid retention member 404 includes an opening therethrough 406 that is sized to receive fluid tubes 291a, and 291b therein. An opening is formed in the proximal end of end cap 305′, similar to that depicted in FIG. 10B. The opening is configured to be connected to an aspiration tubing 408 to deliver vacuum to vacuum chamber 282 via aspiration lumen 36.

End cap 305′ further includes a connection mount 290′ disposed on the proximal end of end cap 305′. The connection mount 290′ may be integrally formed with end cap 305′ and is configured to receive a connection port 410 to operatively connect electrodes 216 to an electrical source for energizing electrodes 216.

A further alternative arrangement for a bipolar surgical device 500 is shown in FIGS. 14A-14B. Bipolar surgical device 500 is similar to devices 10 and 200 in that it includes a handpiece 512, a shaft member 514 extending distally from handpiece 512 and electrodes 16, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516, 616, 674 (as best seen in FIGS. 2A-2N) extending distally from shaft member 514. Operatively connected to handpiece 512 is an aspiration line 518 and a cautery supply cable 522.

In this embodiment, however, a single fluid delivery line 520 is operatively connected to the handpiece 512. Fluid delivery line 520 has a distal end 522 that is secured to a fluid opening 584 and a proximal end 524 that is connected to a connector element 526. Connector element 524 includes two inlets 528a and 528b and a single outlet 530. Proximal end 524 of fluid delivery line 520 is fixedly attached to outlet 530.

Connected to inlet 528a is fluid line 591a. An opposite end of fluid line 591a may be connected to a one-way check valve 532. A second fluid line 593a is connected to check valve 532. Second fluid line 593a terminates in a fitting 534. Fitting 534 is configured to be connected to a fluid source. In operation, once a fluid source is connected to the fitting 534, fluid is delivered through check valve 532, into fluid line 591a, through connector 526 and into fluid delivery line 520. Fluid is then fed into electrode channels 40, 240 so as to exit shaft member 514 adjacent the electrodes tips. This configuration allows continuous delivery or irrigation of fluid at a surgical site so as to create a wet surgical field. Because the check valve 532 is a one-way check valve, fluid is prevented from back flushing through the check valve 532.

Connected to inlet 528b is another fluid line 591b. Fluid line 591b terminates in a fitting 536. Fitting 536 is also configured to be connected to a secondary fluid source. When fitting 536 is connected to the secondary fluid source, fluid is delivered through fluid line 591b, through connector 526 and into fluid delivery line 520. Fluid is then fed into electrode channels 40, 240 so as to exit shaft member 214 adjacent the electrode tips. However, the secondary fluid source is configured to selectively deliver a burst of fluid, so as to power flush the surgical site. Power flushing the surgical site in operation is beneficial to clear the surgical field and locate bleeding sources in the surgical field.

The arrangement in FIGS. 14A and 14B differs from the arrangement shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B in that only a lumen is provided in shaft member 514 of surgical device 500 as opposed to fluid lumen 38 and electrode channels 40 provided in shaft member 214. More specifically, in the arrangement of surgical device 500 two sources of irrigation are delivered through electrode channels 40 to provided constant irrigation at the surgical site, as well as provide a selective power flush through the same electrode channels 40. This configuration thereby allows a reduced diameter shaft 514, thereby providing improved visualization capability at the surgical site.

FIGS. 15A-15C illustrate different configurations for the length of shafts 514A, 514B, and 514C. For example, FIG. 15A has a relatively short length, as compared to the arrangement shown in FIG. 15B. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 15B, the increase length of shaft member 514B may be advantageous for surgical areas that are seated deeply within the body. As illustrated in FIG. 15C, the shaft member 514C may be configured to be somewhat flexible so as to allow a user to custom bend the shaft member 514C.

Referring to FIGS. 16-18, arrangements for providing light to a distal end of a surgical device are illustrated. For ease of reference, the surgical device 200′ shown in FIG. 13 will be referred in the description concerning FIGS. 16-18.

As explained in the background section, many minimal invasive surgical approaches are created by the use of narrow surgical corridors. While narrow surgical corridors provide patient benefits, but it is desirable to deliver sufficient light to the surgical area to provide improved illumination of the surgical site without compromise when surgical instruments are used that may block or obscure the external sources of light. To address concerns with managing multiple instruments within the surgical field and delivering adequate light to the surgical field, in one exemplary arrangement, it is proposed to provide a connector element 600 that permits introduction of a light element 602 directly into aspiration tubing 408. Light element 602 is configured to supply light to a surgical site via one or more optical fibers to form a fiber optic cable.

The light element 602 may include a housing 604 configured to house a light source, such as LEDs. The housing 604 may receive a wire 605 configured to provide power to the light source. The housing 604 may also include a heat sink 606 and a cage 608 surrounding same. The heat sink 606 may be configured to absorb heat created by the light sources such that heat is not delivered to the distal end 330 of the surgical device 200′. A fiber optic cable 609 extends from the light source (best seen in FIG. 17B), which will be discussed in further detail below.

The heat sink 606 may be made out of any suitable thermally conductive material, including but not limited to copper, aluminum, graphite foam, diamond, composite materials such as copper-tungsten pseudoalloy, silicon carbide, dymalloy, beryllium oxide, etc., or any combination thereof. The heat sink 606 may be configured to allow heat to dissipate from the light source, thus preventing degradation or failure of the light source emission by thermal destruction. The cage 608 may be arranged about the heat sink 606 and may include one or more openings 610. The openings 610 may expose portions of the heat sink 606 to increase air exposure thereto, thus further facilitating cooling. The cage 608 may be formed of a non-heat conductive material and may prevent a user from coming into contact with heat produced by the light source, as well as other components such as power sources, etc. The housing 604 may be provided with a connector element 611 that is configured to operably connect with an end 613 of the connector element 600, as will be explained in further detail below.

In an alternative arrangement, instead of the light source being an LED mounted directly onto the instrument as shown in FIG. 17, the light source could be a light box console 615 which may provide a light source generation which may be xenon, LED or any other suitable lighting source as well as any frequency of light or even multiple options for frequencies of light within the light box, located outside of the sterile field with the fiberoptic cable 609 connected to the light box console. In such an arrangement, only the fiberoptic cable 609 delivers the light remotely from the light box console 615.

In one exemplary arrangement, connector element 600 may be configured as a Y-connector having a first arm 612 and a second arm 614 that intersects the first arm 612. The connector element 600 is positioned between the aspiration tubing 408 and a vacuum tubing 616 that is operatively connected to a vacuum generator (not shown) and provides a fluid pathway for vacuum through first arm 612. Ends of vacuum tubing 616 and aspiration tubing 408 are connected to ends 618a and 618b of first arm 612, respectively.

Second arm 614 has a connection end 613 and mating end 615 that intersects with the first arm 612 to provide a secondary path to the fluid pathway through the first arm 612. As the connection end 614 has an opening 619 (best seen in FIG. 17B) therethrough to provide access to the secondary path, when the secondary path is not in use, a cap member 620 (best seen in FIG. 17A) may be provided to preserve vacuum pressure being delivered from the vacuum generator.

Alternatively, referring to FIG. 17B, a sealing adapter 622 may be provided that may be selectively sealed around the fiber optic cable 609 to maintain vacuum. In one exemplary arrangement, the sealing adapter 622 is a Tuohy Borst fitting. The sealing adapter 622 is secured to the connection end 613 of the second arm 614. In operation, the sealing adapter 622 is opened to permit the fiber optic cable 609 to pass through the adapter body and enter the second arm 614 through the opening 619. Once the fiber optic cable 609 is positioned at a desired location, the sealing adapter 622 may be actuated to seal around the fiber optic cable 609 and close off the secondary pathway to maintain vacuum pressure within the fluid pathway.

Referring to FIG. 17C, as yet another exemplary arrangement, the second arm 614 may be provided with a valve element 624 disposed therein. Valve element 624 may be constructed as a normally closed valve, having a perforations 626 that will deform under application of force to open the valve enough to allow the fiber optic cable 609 to pass through. The edges of the perforations 626 will collapse around the fiber optic cable 609 to effectively close off the opening 619 to atmosphere and thereby maintain vacuum.

In operation, the fiber optic cable 609 extends from the light source 602 or light console 615 and is threaded into the second arm 614. Because the second arm 614 opens into the first arm 612, the fiber optic cable 609 then will enter into the aspiration line 408. Further advancement of the fiber optic cable 609 will dispose a distal end 628 of the fiber optic cable 609 within the surgical device 200′, and into aspiration lumen 36. Ultimately, the distal end 628 of the fiber optic cable 609 will reach the distal end 330 of the surgical device 200′. Once located at the distal end 330 of the surgical device 200′, the fiber optic cable 609 may be fixed.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17A, the housing 604 may be secured to the connection end 613 of the second arm 614. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17B, the valve element 622 may be actuated to seal against the outside of the fiber optic cable 609. Once fixed, the surgical device 200′ may be operated as previously described. Because the distal end 628 is disposed at the distal end 330 of the surgical device 202′ light will be available at the surgical site. Further, as the diameter of the fiber optic cable 609 is smaller than the aspiration lumen 36, aspiration will still be delivered to the surgical site.

Referring to FIGS. 19-21B, an alternative arrangement of a light delivery arrangement 700 is shown. Light delivery arrangement 700 comprises a light housing 702 that houses a light member 704, a connection fitting 706 and a fiber optic cable 708 operatively connected to the light member 704. A wire 710 provides power to the light member 704. A guide tubing 712 serves as a channel for the fiber optic cable 708, as will be explained in further detail below.

The surgical device 200′ further includes an opening 714 formed through an outer surface 716 of the sleeve 262′ of the surgical device 200′. The opening 714 provides access to the irrigation chamber such as flush chamber 326 or irrigation chamber 122. Referring to FIGS. 21A and 21B, a cap member 718 is sized to fit within the opening 714. The cap member 718 may be potted or insert molded into the opening 714. Cap member 718 is defined by a flange member 720 and a depending member 722. In one exemplary arrangement, the depending member 722 is spaced inwardly from the flange member 720.

Formed within the cap member 718 is a directional channel 724. In one exemplary arrangement, the directional channel 724 includes a first aperture 726 disposed on a top surface 728 thereof, and a second aperture 730 disposed on a bottom surface 732 thereof. The sidewalls 734 are configured to angle inwardly from the first aperture 726 to narrow to form an entry point 736. In one exemplary arrangement, the entry point 736 is positioned below the flange member 720. The entry point 736 is sized to permit guide tubing 712 to enter the entry point 736. In one exemplary arrangement, entry point 736 has a diameter sized slightly larger than a diameter of guide tubing 712 such that guide tubing 712 may be inserted through entry point 736, but limits introduction of any additional items within entry point 736. As will be explained in further detail below, once inserted, the guide tubing 712 may be fixed in place. Second aperture 730 diverges away from entry point 736.

In one exemplary arrangement, entry point 736 is arranged offset from a central axis FA-FA extending through first aperture 726, as well as from a central axis SA-SA extending through second aperture 730. With this arrangement, a proximal upper section 738 of sidewall 734 slopes from a proximal edge 740 distally to the entry point 736. Further, a distal lower section 742 of the sidewall 734 slopes distally from the entry point 736. Upper distal section 744 may be oriented substantially vertically from entry point 736. Similarly, lower proximal section 746 may be oriented substantially vertically from entry point 736. With this arrangement, directional channel 724 is configured to guide the guide tube 712 in a distal direction.

In one exemplary arrangement, the connection fitting 706 may be configured as a luer fitting. A first end 749 of the connection fitting 706 is secured to the light housing 702. A second end 751 extends outwardly from the light housing 702.

The mating connector 750 is defined by a body portion 752 having a passage 754 therein and a coupling element 756 having a receiving channel 758 therein. In one exemplary arrangement, the receiving channel 758 is configured as a cone that gradually widens to a first end of the coupling element 756. The coupling element 756 extends from the body portion 752 and fixedly connected thereto. In one exemplary arrangement the body portion 752 and the coupling element 756 is a unitary element. The receiving channel 758 is configured to receive the connection fitting 706 in a mating relationship so as to secure the mating connector 750 to the connection fitting 706. In one exemplary arrangement, the receiving channel 758 and the connection fitting 706 may be configured with mating threads (not shown).

The body portion 752 may further include one or more wings 760 thereon. Wings 760 allow a user to selectively rotate the mating connector 750 on to connection fitting 706. A proximal end 748 of the guide tubing 712 is disposed in a mating connector 750, and specifically within the passage 754. The proximal end 748 of the guide tubing 712 may be fixedly engaged within the mating connector 750 in any suitable manner, such as glue.

In operation, the mating connector 750 engages with the connection fitting 706. In one embodiment, the mating connector 750 is configured as a female connector and the connection fitting 706 is configured as male connector. Thus, the connection fitting 706 may be received within the mating connector 750 such that as fiber optic cable 708 exits the connection fitting 706 is directed into the guide tubing 712.

Referring to FIG. 21A, the guide tubing 712 is seated within the directional channel 724 and directed into flush chamber 326 or irrigation chamber 122. The fluid lumen 38 that extends through the flush and irrigation chambers 326, 122, respectively, includes an open section 762 that permits fluid from the flush and irrigation chambers 326, 122 to enter the fluid lumen 38. The open section 762 also permits the guide tube 712 to enter and be positioned within the fluid lumen 38. In one exemplary arrangement, a distal end 764 of the guide tube 712 is fixed within the fluid lumen 38, distal of the flush or irrigation chamber 326, 122. The distal end 764 is open and permits the fiber optic cable 708 to exit the guide tube 712 and travel along the fluid lumen 38, until reaching a position at or adjacent the distal end 330 of the surgical device 220′, as seen in FIG. 26. Once positioned, the surgical device 200′ may be operated as previously described. Because the distal end of the fiber optic cable 708 is disposed at the distal end 330 of the surgical device 200′ light will be available at the surgical site. Further, as the diameter of the fiber optic cable 708 is smaller than the irrigation lumen 38, irrigation may still be delivered to the surgical site.

Referring to FIGS. 22-26, a further alternative arrangement of a light delivery arrangement 800 is shown. Light delivery arrangement 800 is similar to light delivery arrangement 700 in that it comprises a light housing that houses a light member (not shown) from which a fiber optic cable 808 extends. Light delivery arrangement 800 further comprises a connection fitting 806 and a mating connector 850. A guide tubing 812 serves as a channel for the fiber optic cable 808, as will be explained in further detail below.

Similar as to what was described above, the surgical device 200′ further includes an opening 814 formed through an outer surface 816 of the sleeve 262′ of the surgical device 200′. The opening 814 provides access to the irrigation chamber such as flush chamber 326 or irrigation chamber 122. Referring to FIGS. 24A and 24B, a cap member 818 is sized to fit within the opening 814. The cap member 818 may be potted or insert molded into the opening 814. Cap member 818 is defined by a flange member 820 that seats the cap member 818 within the opening 814 and a depending member 822. In one exemplary arrangement, the depending member 822 is spaced inwardly from the flange member 820.

Formed within the cap member 818 is a directional channel 824 similar to that described above in connection with FIGS. 21A-21B. The directional channel 824 includes a first aperture 826 disposed on a top surface 828 thereof, and a second aperture 830 disposed on a bottom surface 832 thereof. The sidewalls 834 are configured to angle inwardly from the first aperture 826 to narrow to form an entry point 836. The entry point 836 is sized to permit guide tubing 812 to enter the entry point 836. Once inserted, the guide tubing 812 may be fixed in place. Second aperture 830 diverges away from entry point 836 so as to guide the guide tube 812 in a distal direction, as shown in FIG. 24B.

Referring to FIGS. 23A-23B, in one exemplary arrangement, the connection fitting 806 may be configured as a Tuohy Borst fitting. The connection fitting 806 includes a connection portion 840, a sealing member 842, and an actuation member 844. The connection portion 840 includes a central channel 846 and a male luer fitting 848. The sealing member 842 is configured to be received within the central channel 846 and may be selectively compressed, as well be explained in further detail below. The sealing member 842 further includes a passageway 848 therethrough. The actuation member 844 includes an actuation end 852 and an engagement section 854. A passageway 856 is disposed through the actuation member 844. An enlarged grip ring 858 may be provided to facilitate actuation of the actuation member 844.

The connection fitting 806 is positioned downstream of the light element (not shown), similar to that described in FIG. 17B. The fiber optic cable 808 is threaded into the connection fitting 806, entering into the passageway 856 of the actuation member 844 of the connection fitting 806, and passing through the passageway 848 of the sealing member 842 and through the connection portion 840.

The mating connector 850 is defined by a body portion 860 having a passage 864 therein and a coupling element 866 having a receiving channel 868 therein. In one exemplary arrangement, the receiving channel 868 is configured as a cone that gradually widens to a first end of the coupling element 866. The coupling element 866 extends from the body portion 860 and fixedly connected thereto. In one exemplary arrangement the body portion 860 and the coupling element 866 is a unitary element. The receiving channel 868 is configured to receive the male luer fitting 848 element of the connection fitting 806 in a mating relationship so as to secure the mating connector 850 to the connection fitting 806. In one exemplary arrangement, the receiving channel 868 and the connection fitting 806 may be configured with mating threads, such as threads 870 shown in FIG. 23B.

The body portion 860 may further include one or more wings 872 thereon. Wings 872 allow a user to selectively rotate the mating connector 850 on to connection fitting 806. A proximal end 874 of the guide tubing 812 is disposed in mating connector 850, and specifically within the passage 864. The proximal end 874 of the guide tubing 812 may be fixedly engaged within the mating connector 850 in any suitable manner, such as glue.

In operation, the mating connector 850 engages with the connection fitting 806. In this manner, the male luer fitting 848 is received within the passage 864 of the mating connector 850 such that as fiber optic cable 808 exits the connection fitting 806, it is directed into the guide tubing 812 disposed within the mating connector 850.

Referring to FIG. 24A, the guide tubing 812 is seated within the directional channel 824 and directed into flush chamber 326 or irrigation chamber 122. Referring to FIG. 25, in one exemplary arrangement, a distal edge 880 of depending member 822 of cap member 824 may include a directional grove 882 formed therein to direct guide tube 812 distally. The fluid lumen 38 that extends through the flush and irrigation chambers 326, 122, respectively, includes an open section 876 that permits fluid from the flush and irrigation chambers 326, 122 to enter the fluid lumen 38. The open section 876 also permits the guide tube 812 to enter and be positioned within the fluid lumen 38. In one exemplary arrangement, a distal end 878 of the guide tube 712 is fixed within the fluid lumen 38, distal of the flush or irrigation chamber 326, 122. The distal end 878 is open and permits the fiber optic cable 808 to exit the guide tube 812 and travel along the fluid lumen 38, until reaching a position at or adjacent the distal end 330 of the surgical device 220′, as best seen in FIG. 26. Once the fiber optic positioned at a desired location, the actuation member 844 may be actuated to seal around the fiber optic cable 808 and collapse the passageway 848 of the sealing member 842 around the fiber optic cable 808. Once fixed, the surgical device 200′ may be operated as previously described. Because the distal end of the fiber optic cable 808 is disposed at the distal end 330 of the surgical device 200′ light will be available at the surgical site, as part of the device, thereby preserving space within a surgical corridor and without requiring additional devices to hold the light element in place during a procedure. Further, as the diameter of the fiber optic cable 808 is smaller than the irrigation lumen 38, irrigation may still be delivered to the surgical site around the fiber optic cable 808.

Referring to FIG. 27, a further alternative lighting arrangement is illustrated. The lighting arrangement in FIG. 27 is similar that lighting arrangements shown in FIGS. 17-20 in that the lighting arrangement includes a light source, such as a light box console 615 or an LED having a fiber optic cable 609 extending therefrom. In one exemplary arrangement, the fiber optic cable 609 may extend through sealing adapter 622, which operatively connects to a connection fitting 902, similar to connector element 600 which is described in connection with FIG. 16. One end of the connection fitting 902 is connected via suitable tubing 904. The connection fitting 902 is connected to one end of fluid tube 291a (best seen in FIG. 13). The opposite end of fluid tube 291 is connected to port 288 (FIG. 13) and directs fluid through one of the fluid openings 284 and into flush chamber 326 (best seen in FIG. 10B).

In operation, the fiber optic cable 609 is threaded through the sealing adapter 622 and through the connection fitting 902, which is connected to the sealing adapter 622. The fiber optic cable 609 (which has a diameter that is smaller than a lumen of the fluid tube 291a) is then threaded through the fluid tube 291a to enter into flush chamber 326 through opening 284. Once inside flush chamber 326, fiber optic cable 609 may enter into fluid lumen 38, through flush opening 266 (best seen in FIG. 10B) and directed through the length of fluid lumen 38 to the distal end 330 of surgical device 200′. Once positioned, the sealing adapter 622 may be activated to seal around the fiber optic cable 609 and fix the position of the fiber optic cable 622 with respect to the distal end 330. Once fixed, the surgical device 200′ may be operated as previously described. Because the distal end of the fiber optic cable 609 is disposed at the distal end 330 of the surgical device 200,′ light will be available at the surgical site, as part of the device, thereby preserving space within a surgical corridor and without requiring additional devices to hold the light element in place during a procedure. Further, as the diameter of the fiber optic cable 609 is smaller than the irrigation lumen 38, irrigation may still be delivered to the surgical site around the fiber optic cable 609.

It will be appreciated that the surgical instrument and methods described herein have broad applications. The foregoing embodiments were chosen and described in order to illustrate principles of the methods and apparatuses as well as some practical applications. The preceding description enables others skilled in the art to utilize methods and apparatuses in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the principles and modes of operation of this disclosure have been explained and illustrated in exemplary embodiments.

It is intended that the scope of the present methods and apparatuses be defined by the following claims. However, it must be understood that this disclosure may be practiced otherwise than is specifically explained and illustrated without departing from its spirit or scope. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various alternatives to the embodiments described herein may be employed in practicing the claims without departing from the spirit and scope as defined in the following claims. The scope of the disclosure should be determined, not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is anticipated and intended that future developments will occur in the arts discussed herein, and that the disclosed systems and methods will be incorporated into such future examples. Furthermore, all terms used in the claims are intended to be given their broadest reasonable constructions and their ordinary meanings as understood by those skilled in the art unless an explicit indication to the contrary is made herein. In particular, use of the singular articles such as “a,” “the,” “said,” etc. should be read to recite one or more of the indicated elements unless a claim recites an explicit limitation to the contrary. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that the method and apparatus within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby. In sum, it should be understood that the invention is capable of modification and variation and is limited only by the following claims.

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	13975486	Aug 2013	US
Child	15727994		US
Parent	13975494	Aug 2013	US
Child	13975486		US

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	15727994	Oct 2017	US
Child	16662814		US

BI-POLAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT

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