Patent Application
20130307891
The invention relates to binary continuous inkjet printers provided with a multi-nozzle drop generator.
It concerns the decrease of the cleaning frequency of these printheads.
It is specified here that, in the whole application, the terms “lower” and “upper,” respectively “below” and “above,” “upstream” and “downstream” should be understood with a printhead oriented downwards, i.e. with the drop generator above electrodes of the head and a direction of inkjet flow (segments or drops) downwards. Thus, the lower end of an electrode designates the end that is on bottom. Likewise, the further downstream electrode of a pair designates the electrode of that pair in last place opposite an inkjet segment formed or an ink drop formed from a nozzle of the printhead.
It is specified that, by convention, an even jet segment and an odd jet segment (with opposite parity) are defined to designate two jet segments respectively coming from two nozzles arranged to be adjacent in the printhead according to the invention.
A printhead for a binary continuous jet printer is described in the application for patent US 20100045753 in the applicant's name. Such a printhead comprises a so-called multi-nozzle generator with a body including one or several ink intake conduits communicating with a plurality of stimulation chambers to pressurize the ink therein. Each stimulation chamber is in communication with an ink discharge nozzle via a conduit. Each stimulation chamber is mechanically coupled with a single actuator. A given actuator is arranged relative to the body so as to cause, by electrical pulse, a stimulation in the stimulation chamber, typically a pressure wave in the volume of ink contained in the stimulation chamber. All of the nozzles are aligned along an alignment axis and arranged in a same plane.
The continuous inkjet printer is also provided with control means able to send electrical pulses to each actuator and detection means able to detect the relative position between the printhead and a printing medium.
During operation, the pressurized ink is discharged from one or several stimulation chambers through the conduit(s) and the corresponding discharge nozzle(s). The ink discharged from each nozzle then forms a jet having a determined speed. At the outlet of the nozzle, and for a short distance, the trajectory of the jet coincides with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
Each stimulation of the ink contained in a chamber by the associated actuator causes a break in the jet of ink discharged from the nozzle. A shorter length between two consecutive stimulations causes the formation of drops, while a longer duration causes the formation of jet segments. The jet segments thus formed are deflected from their initial trajectory and recovered by a recovery gutter. The drops, which are not deflected, leave the printhead to impact a printing support. The continuous jet printing technology thus implemented is called binary because there may or may not be deflection, in a binary manner.
The deflection of the jet segments is obtained by deflection electrodes whereof the electrical power causes the appearance of electrical charges on the surface of the jets. The jet portions thus charged, which, after breaking of the jet, will form segments, are attracted towards said electrodes, which deflects them from their initial trajectory. By construction, the deflection electrodes are arranged sufficiently downstream of the discharge nozzles to have no electrostatic influence on the drops formed upstream of said electrodes.
The deflection electrodes are grouped together in pairs, each electrode of a pair being supplied in phase opposition with the other electrode in the pair. It is thus possible to obtain a total electrical charge supported by a jet segment that is zero or weak.
In operation, the printing support moves forward perpendicularly to the alignment axis of the nozzles and its relative position relative to the printhead is detected. At each relative position where it is necessary to perform ink printing, a position cue is sent to the printing control means. Upon receiving that cue, these printing control means send an electrical stimulation pulse to the actuator(s) needing to be stimulated to obtain the desired printing pattern. In other words, each position cue has a corresponding printing of what is called a screen.
The inventors noticed that after a certain operating duration of a binary continuous inkjet printer as described above, ink was dirtying the deflection electrodes to the point of damaging their effectiveness and sometimes causing malfunctions of the printer.
This flaw is remedied by a periodic operation consisting of systematically cleaning the electrodes. This periodic operation does, however, have the major drawback of interrupting printing.
The aim of the invention is then to propose a solution making it possible to increase the printing period of a binary continuous inkjet printer, between two consecutive cleaning operations to clean its printhead.
To that end, the invention relates to a control method for controlling printing by a binary continuous inkjet printer provided with a printhead, or a printhead of such a printer in order to print a pattern on a printing medium in motion relative to the head, the head for example being of the type described by patent application US 2010/0045753, comprising:
according to which method:
It is possible to define geometrically, according to the invention, a volume of influence of the electrodes as being delimited:
This envelope surface can itself be defined as being delimited by two other pairs of planes, the planes of one pair being parallel to each other and perpendicular to the planes of the other pair. One of the pairs of planes is thus made up of planes perpendicular to the alignment axis of the nozzles, and the other pair is made up of planes parallel to the axes of the nozzles. By thus defining the envelope surface, the trajectories of the jets or jet segments subjected to the electrostatic influence of the electrodes are all present between the planes of a pair.
The method according to the invention is applicable to a printer or to a printhead of a printer in that the control means cannot be part of the printhead, or on the contrary can be part of it or may also be distributed in part on the printer and in part on the printhead.
Owing to the method according to the invention, the presence of microdroplets of ink is avoided in the electrostatic influence volume of the deflection electrodes, which themselves are attracted by said electrodes, and one thereby avoids premature soiling thereof during printing operation.
Other advantages and features of the invention will better emerge from reading the detailed description done in reference to the following figures, in which:
The head comprises a so-called multi-nozzle generator with a body 1, including one or several rows of stimulation chambers 2. The body 1 can be made by assembling plates to each other, for example using a diffusion bonded technique or gluing as described in patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,197. For more details on the multi-nozzle drop generator, and in particular for details relative to the ink inlets, ink tank and restrictions, see also the explanations provided in patent U.S. Pat. No. 7,192,121. The stimulation chambers 2 can in particular be arranged as described in patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,197 relative to
Each stimulation chamber 2 is in hydraulic communication with a nozzle 3 via a conduit 4. As shown, all of the nozzles 3 are aligned along an alignment axis and they are arranged in a same plane 11. These nozzles 3 are generally made in a same plate, usually called “nozzle plate,” and the bottom surface of which constitutes the plane 11.
Actuators 6 are each mechanically coupled with one of the chambers 2 and electrically connected to a feeder 15. As shown, the actuators 6 are piezoelectric actuators arranged above a wall of the chambers. Thermal generators can also be provided arranged inside the stimulation chambers 2. The body 1 and the actuators 6 together form a so-called multi-nozzle drop generator 5.
During operation, pressurized ink is introduced into the chambers 2. Jets of ink are then discharged from the nozzles 3. Each jet thus has, at the outlet of the nozzle, a trajectory combined with the longitudinal axis A of the concerned nozzle 3. The jets of ink therefore flow at the furthest upstream level corresponding to the outlet of the nozzle 3.
The printhead also includes a set of electrodes arranged below the multi-nozzle generator 5 and laterally shifted relative to the plane containing the axes A of the nozzles 3.
This assembly first comprises a first electrode 7 immediately downstream of the nozzles 3. This electrode is called a shielding electrode 7 because it is at the same electric potential as the ink present in the stimulation chambers 2.
Arranged downstream of the shielding electrode 7 are deflection electrodes grouped in pairs from the furthest upstream. Each pair includes an upstream odd electrode followed by a downstream even electrode. The illustrated example includes two pairs of deflection electrodes 8, 9 whereof the one furthest upstream comprises two electrodes 8a, 8b and the one furthest downstream 9 includes electrodes 9a, 9b. The electrodes 8a, 8b or 9a, 9b of a same pair are supplied in phase opposition relative to each other by an alternating voltage.
A dielectric layer 10i is arranged between two consecutive electrodes 7, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b.
Lastly, a recovery gutter 11 for the ink not used for printing is arranged downstream of the set of electrodes 7, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b.
The body 1, the actuators 6 and their feeders 15, the shielding electrode 7, the deflection electrodes 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, the dielectrics 10, the ink recovery gutter 11 together form the printhead 20.
As shown in
The operation of such a printhead is as follows:
The printhead 20 and a printing support 12 are in motion relative to each other.
The actuators 6 are controlled by the control means 13. Thus, the control means 13 receive, as input, data 16 on the relative position between the printhead 20 and the printing medium 12 and information 14 on a pattern to be printed (see arrows 14 and 16 in
The control means 13 include one or several microprocessors and memories 18 containing software and able to store the input data relative to the pattern to be printed.
Thus, the control means 13 control jet breaks by sending, at a given moment, electrical pulses to each of the actuators via feeders 15. The printing instructions are timed by a reference clock having a period ph and therefore a frequency fh=1/ph. Each time that, as a function of the relative position between the printhead 20 and the printing support 12, a drop of ink coming from one of the nozzles 3 is necessary for printing, the control means 13 control the sending of two consecutive pulses to the concerned actuator 6, from the chamber 2 in communication with said nozzle 3.
A drop of ink is thus formed.
The break distance Lbr is the distance between the outlet of the nozzle 3 and the break point.
The break distance is identical for all of the nozzles and is therefore shown in
Between two consecutive drops intended for printing, jet segments are formed since the pressurized ink is still sent into the stimulation chambers 2. These jet segments have a length longer than the distance separating the break axis B from the upper end of the deflection electrode 8a furthest upstream. These segments therefore undergo the electrostatic influence at minimum of the electrode 8a and possibly, depending on their length, those of the downstream electrodes 8b, 9a, 9b. In other words, the inkjet segments therefore undergo the electrostatic influence of at least one of these deflection electrodes 8a to 9b and are therefore deflected towards the recovery gutter 11. Reference may also be made to patent application FR 2906755, which also describes such a printhead 20 and its operation.
To better explain the invention,
Thus,
Lastly,
The inventors have shown that in fact the total charge taken on by a jet segment was only minimized in two very precise configurations: downstream end of the jet at the break moment opposite the dielectric layer 10i separating two pairs of electrodes or downstream of the lower end of an even electrode 9b the furthest downstream.
In other words, the total charge taken on has a certain value. And the higher that value, the more the jet segment may be unstable from a hydraulic perspective: under the combined effect of the pressure generated by the electrostatic influence and the superficial voltage forces, microdroplets of ink can be discharged from the segment. However, the segment being charged, these microdroplets discharged from the segment are also electrically charged. Having a very small mass by nature, these microdroplets are very sensitive to the ambient electrostatic field at the moment of their creation. This ambient electrostatic field is a complex combination resulting from the potential of the electrodes, the values and distances of the electrical charges present on the jets and jet segments close to the microdroplets at the time of the break. And the inventors have observed that it is in particular these microdroplets that generally adhere on one or several of the electrodes. Thus, although the discharge of microdroplets is random, a pile of material builds up continuously on the electrodes, until it harms the proper operation of the printhead.
Thus, the inventors sought to avoid the creation of microdroplets just explained as much as possible, and therefore they proposed the solution according to the invention, i.e. controlling the pulses so as to minimize the charge taken on by one or several jet segments contained in elementary volumes, themselves situated inside the electrostatic influence volume of the electrodes. According to a first embodiment of the invention, one seeks to minimize the charge taken on in a first set of elementary volumes including trajectory portions of two adjacent jets. It is again specified here that two adjacent jets are two jets discharged from the two nozzles arranged adjacent to each other in the nozzle plate. In this first set of elementary volumes, one thus chooses two first planes that surround one and only one electrode. Two pairs of second planes are situated so as to surround the trajectories of only two adjacent jets. The first set of elementary volumes is thus formed by all of the surrounding volumes in an electrostatic influence volume of a single electrode a volume containing only two adjacent jets. Subsequently, these two jets having different parities, one of the jets is called odd jet and the other of the two jets is called even jet.
According to this first embodiment, the electric charge contained in one of the elementary volumes is minimized by controlling the pulses at the actuators 6 to form even jet segments, while the phase of the supply potential for the electrode 8a has a value φ, and the pulses are controlled to form odd jet segments to form segments when the phase of the supply potential of the electrode 8a has a value of (φ+180°) or close to that value (φ+180°). Close to φ+180°, in the context of the invention, refers to a phase between (φ+160°) and (φ+200°). Thus, the odd jet segments are charged in phase opposition relative to the even jet segments and therefore together take on charges whereof the algebraic sum is minimized.
Preferably, the pulses are sent so as to obtain the break when the absolute value of the potential of the voltage of the deflection electrode 8a is zero or close to 0. Absolute value of the voltage of the deflection electrode close to 0 refers to a maximum value equal to 20% of the peak value of that voltage. Since two adjacent jet segments are electrically not very charged, and in any event are charged by charges with opposite signs, the microdroplets that may be discharged from either of the two jet segments adjacent to each other are better attracted by the adjacent segment with opposite polarity than by the deflection electrodes. The segments being continuously collected by the recovery gutter of the printhead, the microdroplets are evacuated continuously therefrom without causing soiling on the deflection electrodes.
A first alternative to obtain control of the actuators 6, so as to form an odd jet segment, while the phase of the supply potential of the electrode 8a has a value φ, and to form a segment from an adjacent even jet while the phase of the supply potential of that same electrode 8a has a value close to (φ+180°) is described below relative to
A second alternative to obtain an order of the actuators 6 so as to form an odd jet segment, while the phase of the supply potential of the electrode 8a has a value φ, and to form an adjacent even jet segment when the phase of the supply potential of that same electrode 8a has a value close to φ+180°, is indicated below relative to
From this clock frequency, the frequency Ft of the alternating supply voltage of the pairs of electrodes 8a, 8b and 9a, 9b is given as being a whole sub-multiple, preferably greater than 20, of the clock frequency Fh and period Ph. Here, a frequency Ft of 80 Khz is chosen, or a whole multiple having a value of 400.
The operation of this second alternative is as follows: Depending on the relative position between the printhead and printing support, a printing order cue is received on the input 16 by the printing control means 13.
a) A pulse is immediately sent to the actuators 6, to form the odd segments necessary given the pattern to be printed, from the corresponding position of that order cue.
b) The pulses from the clock with frequency Fh are counted from the sending of the pulses to the odd actuators triggered by the reception of the information from the position cue of the medium.
c) For the same relative position between the printing medium 12 and printhead, the sending of the pulses to the actuators to form even jet segments is delayed until the number i of pulses counted by the clock reaches a value corresponding to the duration closest to the half-period of the alternating supply voltage of the deflection electrodes. It is specified here that, for better precision, it is preferable for the sub-multiple of the clock frequency to be an even integer, for example 2n, n being an integer because, when the number of counted pulses i reaches n, an exact half-period of the period of the supply frequency of the deflection electrodes has elapsed. That said, if the sub-multiple is not an even integer, and is for example equal to 21, and the counting of pulses is stopped when the number i is equal to 10, the phase shift relative to 180° is less than 9°, which is still acceptable.
d) Steps a) to c) are started again for each new position cue received on the input 16 by the control means 13. Since the number i is the number of periods of the clock frequency that substantially corresponds to a half-period of the supply frequency of the electrodes 8a, 8b; 9a, 9b, it is thus possible to be sure that the pulse orders of the actuators to form even and odd jet segments still have a phase shift of 180° or close to 180° between them. Thus if the even segments are negatively charged, the odd segments are positively charged. The electrical charge of each of the first elementary volumes, and therefore the total charge contained in the influence volume of the electrodes, i.e. those taken on by the jet segments inside said volume, are minimized.
Step a) can be replaced by step a′), according to which the pulses are sent to the odd actuators with a delay, so that the break moment of the jets coincides with the first passage by 0 or close to 0, of the value of the alternating supply voltage of the deflection electrodes 8a, 8b; 9a, 9b that follows the determination of the position information.
It should be noted that necessarily, the break moment of a jet does not coincide exactly with the moment where an ordered pulse reaches an actuator.
The break moment is delayed on the pulse, by a duration that essentially depends on the speed of the jet and the break distance Lbr. The explanations provided use as implicit hypothesis that this duration has a constant value. To make a break coincide with a passage by 0 of the supply voltage of the deflection electrodes, one first calculates an average value of that duration to determine the sending moment of the pulse. Because it involves an average value, the actual break moment may not coincide exactly with the moment of passage by 0 of the supply voltage of the deflection electrodes, but the actual moment is close enough for the supply voltage and therefore the electrical charge taken on to be low.
This second alternative therefore still involves a phase shift of 180° between the break moment to form an even jet segment and the break moment to form an odd jet segment. It also guarantees that the break moments occur when the supply voltage of the electrodes is zero or very close to zero. In this way, the segments formed are individually charged little or not at all and the probability of microdroplet formation is therefore reduced. Furthermore, as already explained, the microdroplets formed, if there are any, are not very charged and have a low probability of being attracted by the electrodes. The maximum spatial shift introduced between the actual position of the printing drops, the formation of which has been temporally shifted according to the second alternative, is:
Δx=V×Pt (1)
in which:
V represents the relative velocity between the printing support 12 and the printhead;
Pt represents the period of the supply frequency of the deflection electrodes 8a to 9b.
Typically, for a velocity V=4 m/s and a deflection supply frequency Ft=80 kHz, a maximum shift Δx of 50 μm is obtained and an average value of 25 μm, which is perfectly acceptable on the scale of a pattern to be printed on a printing medium. In other words, this alternative of the method makes it possible to minimize the electrical charges taken on by the jet segments, and therefore to avoid premature soiling of the electrodes, with a minute spatial printing shift.
According to a second embodiment of the invention, one seeks to minimize the charge taken on in a second elementary volume assembly in which each elementary volume is a volume found in the influence volume of the electrodes and surrounding a single jet. Thus, an elementary volume of the second assembly corresponding to this second embodiment can be defined as a volume delimited by six planes, two first planes parallel to the plane of the nozzles, and two pairs of second planes perpendicular to each other and to the plane of the nozzles. The pairs of second planes are positioned so that a single jet axis passes through the volume delimited by the six planes.
To decrease the charge taken on according to this second embodiment, the following steps are carried out, for each jet coming from a nozzle:
e) the number of periods of a reference clock with frequency Fh and period Ph is determined between a pulse sending moment causing the formation of a drop necessary to obtain the pattern to be printed, and the consecutive moment causing a consecutive drop, also necessary to obtain the pattern to be printed,
f) the length of the intermediate jet segment to be formed between the two consecutive drops during the number of periods determined in step e) is determined from the velocity of the jet,
g) if the part of the intermediate segment furthest downstream is at a level further downstream than the lower end of the even electrode 9b furthest downstream of the deflection assembly, or is at an even electrode 8b, 9b, no advance or delay is introduced relative to the moment provided for sending pulses to form the segment,
h) if the part of said intermediate segment furthest downstream is at a level further upstream than the lower end of the even electrode 9b the furthest downstream of the deflection assembly and at an odd electrode of a given pair 8a, 9a, the sending of pulses to form the segment is temporally shifted by a value Δt so that at the break moment of the latter, the potential value applied on the deflection electrodes 8a, 8b; 9a, 9b is zero or close to zero.
In order to simplify the printing order, step g) can be replaced by a step g′) according to which if the part of the intermediate segment furthest downstream is at a level further downstream than the lower end of the even electrode 9b the furthest downstream of the deflection assembly, no advance or delay is introduced relative to the moment provided for sending pulses to form said jet.
In this case, step h is replaced by a step h′) according to which if the part of said intermediate segment furthest downstream is at a level further upstream than the lower end of the even electrode 9b the furthest downstream of the deflection assembly, the sending of pulses to form the segment is temporally shifted by a value Δ′t so that at the break moment of the latter, the potential value applied to the deflection electrodes 8a, 8b; 9a, 9b is zero or close to zero. Thus, in this alternative of the second embodiment of the invention, all of the segments with a long enough length to have, at the moment of their formation, a part further downstream than the even electrode furthest downstream 9b, the sequencing initially provided is not modified. On the other hand, for all of the other segments, one does not try to determine where their furthest downstream part is located at the moment of their formation and the pulse sending moment is shifted so that the break coincides with a passage of the supply voltage by 0, or close to 0. The temporal shift Δt or Δ′t of the pulses to form a segment in order to form the following drop can be a time delay or advance. Preferably, the smallest time shift between the advance and the delay is chosen.
In the first embodiment as well as in the second embodiment with steps g′) and h′), because the charge taken on by the segments at the break moment is zero or close to zero, the electrostatic forces on the segments due to the electrical charges taken on are minimized. As a result, the probability of the appearance of microdroplets is decreased. Likewise, even in case of appearance of microdroplets, they are necessarily not very charged. They therefore have a low probability of undergoing a strong enough electrostatic attraction by the electrodes for them to come into contact with the latter.
Of course, the description provided for the even jet segments relative to the odd jet segments also applies vice versa. Thus, for the first embodiment, it is also possible to form an even jet segment when the phase of the supply potential of the electrode 8a has a value φ instead of the odd segment.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 51030 | Feb 2011 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2012/052083 | 2/8/2012 | WO | 00 | 8/2/2013 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61469280 | Mar 2011 | US |
