Patent Application
20190300480
This invention relates to therapeutics, their uses and methods for the treatment of various indications, including various cancers. In particular the invention relates to therapies and methods of treatment for cancers such as prostate cancer.
Androgens are known to mediate their effects through the androgen receptor (AR). Androgens play a role in a wide range of developmental and physiological responses, for example, male sexual differentiation, maintenance of spermatogenesis, and male gonadotropin regulation (R. K. Ross, G. A. Coetzee, C. L. Pearce, J. K. Reichardt, P. Bretsky, L. N. Kolonel, B. E. Henderson, E. Lander, D. Altshuler & G. Daley, Eur Urol 35, 355-361 (1999); A. A. Thomson, Reproduction 121, 187-195 (2001); N. Tanji, K. Aoki & M. Yokoyama, Arch Androl 47, 1-7 (2001)). Also, androgens are associated with the development of prostate carcinogenesis. Induction of prostatic carcinogenesis in rodent models has been associated with androgens (R. L. Noble, Cancer Res 37, 1929-1933 (1977); R. L. Noble, Oncology 34, 138-141 (1977)) and men receiving androgens in the form of anabolic steroids are reported to have a higher incidence of prostate cancer (J. T. Roberts & D. M. Essenhigh, Lancet 2, 742 (1986); J. A. Jackson, J. Waxman & A. M. Spiekerman, Arch Intern Med 149, 2365-2366 (1989); P. D. Guinan, W. Sadoughi, H. Alsheik, R. J. Ablin, D. Alrenga & I. M. Bush, Am J Surg 131, 599-600 (1976)). Furthermore, prostate cancer does not develop if humans or dogs are castrated before puberty (J. D. Wilson & C. Roehrborn, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84, 4324-4331 (1999); G. Wilding, Cancer Sury 14, 113-130 (1992)). Castration of adult males causes involution of the prostate and apoptosis of prostatic epithelium (E. M. Bruckheimer & N. Kyprianou, Cell Tissue Res 301, 153-162 (2000); J. T. Isaacs, Prostate 5, 545-557 (1984)). This dependency on androgens provides the underlying rationale for treating prostate cancer with chemical or surgical castration (i.e. androgen ablation).
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer-related death in Western countries (Damber, J. E. and Aus, G. Lancet (2008) 371:1710-1721). Numerous studies have shown that the androgen receptor (AR) is central not only to the development of prostate cancer, but also the progression of the disease to the castration resistance state (Taplin, M. E. et al. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21:2673-8; and Tilley, W. D. et al. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:4096-4102). Thus, effective inhibition of human AR remains one of the most effective therapeutic approaches to the treatment of advanced, metastatic prostate cancer.
The AR possesses a modular organization characteristic of all nuclear receptors. It is comprised of an N-terminal domain, a central DNA binding domain, a short hinge region, and C-terminal domain that contains a hormone ligand binding pocket and the Activation Function-2 (AF2) site (Gao, W. Q. et al. Chem. Rev. (2005) 105:3352-3370). The latter represents a hydrophobic groove on the AR surface which is flanked with regions of positive and negative charges—“charge clamps” that are significant for binding AR activation factors (Zhou, X. E. et al. J. Biol. Chem. (2010) 285:9161-9171). Recent studies have identified a novel site on the AR called Binding Function 3 (BF3) that is involved into AR transcriptional activity.
It has been proposed a small molecule bound to the BF3 site could cause the AR protein to undergo an allosteric modification that prevents AR interactions with co-activators. Importantly, the BF3 site is located near, but distinct from, the ligand-binding site that is normally targeted by conventional anti-androgen drugs. Chemicals such as flufenamic acid (FLUF), thriiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5-triiodo thyroacetic acid (TRIAC), can bind to the BF3 cleft, inhibit AF2 interactions and interfere with AR activity (Estebanez-Perpina, E. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2007) 104:16074-16079). While these compounds revealed the importance of the BF3 site, they have shown a low potency (IC50>50 μM) and were found to bind non-specifically to the AR.
The activation of AR follows a well characterized pathway: in the cytoplasm, the receptor is associated with chaperone proteins that maintain agonist binding conformation of the AR (Georget, V. et al. Biochemistry (2002) 41:11824-11831). Upon binding of an androgen, the AR undergoes a series of conformational changes, disassociation from chaperones, dimerization and translocation into the nucleus (Fang, Y. F. et al. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:28697-28702; and Wong, C. I. et al. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) 268:19004-19012) where it further interacts with co-activator proteins at the AF2 site (Zhou, X. E. et al. J. Biol. Chem. (2010) 285:9161-9171). This event triggers the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and other factors to form a functional transcriptional complex with the AR.
Notably, the current anti-androgens such as bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide and MDV3100, all target this particular process. However, instead of affecting the AR-cofactor interaction directly, these anti-androgens act indirectly, by binding to the AR ligand binding site. Thus, by preventing androgens from binding they also prevent conformational changes of the receptor that are necessary for co-activator interactions. While treatment with these AR inhibitors can initially suppress the prostate cancer growth, long term hormone therapy becomes progressively less effective (Taplin, M. E. et al. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21:2673-8; and Tilley, W. D. et al. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:4096-4102). Factors that make the AR less sensitive to conventional anti-androgens include resistance mutations at the ligand binding site that can even lead AR antagonists to act as agonists further contributing to cancer progression (Chen, Y. et al. Lancet Oncol. (2009) 10:981-991).
Androgens also play a role in female cancers. One example is ovarian cancer where elevated levels of androgens are associated with an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer (K. J. Helzlsouer, et al., JAMA 274, 1926-1930 (1995); R. J. Edmondson, et al, Br J Cancer 86, 879-885 (2002)). The AR has been detected in a majority of ovarian cancers (H. A. Risch, J Natl Cancer Inst 90, 1774-1786 (1998); B. R. Rao & B. J. Slotman, Endocr Rev 12, 14-26 (1991); G. M. Clinton & W. Hua, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 25, 1-9 (1997)), whereas estrogen receptor-alpha (ERa) and the progesterone receptor are detected in less than 50% of ovarian tumors.
This invention is based in part on the fortuitous discovery that compounds described herein modulate androgen receptor (AR) activity. Specifically, compounds identified herein, show inhibition of Androgen Receptor Binding Function-3 (BF3).
In accordance with a first aspect, there is provided a method of modulating AR activity, the method comprising administering a compound having the structure of Formula I:
wherein,
is either a single or a double bond between D2 and D3;
A1 may be H, CH3, CH2CH3, OH, CH2OH, OCH3,
Alternatively A1 may be F, Br or Cl, provided that D3 is not
A2 may be H, Br, OH, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OCH3,
A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3,
A4 may be H, Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OH, OCH3,
D1 is
wherein
E1, E8, E14, E16, E22, E30, and E41, are each independently CH or N;
E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6, are each independently H, OH,
E7 is CH2, O, NH, or C═O;
E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, are each independently H,
E15 is CH2, O, NH, or C═O;
E17, E18, E19, E20, and E21, are each independently H,
E23 is CH, CH2, O, N, NH, or C═O;
where is either a single or a double bond between E22 and E23;
E24 is CH2, O, NH, or C═O;
E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, are each independently H,
E31 is N, CH, CBr, CCl, CF, COH, C═O, or CCH3;
E32 is NH, CH2, O, or S;
E33, E34, E35, and E36, are each independently H, OH,
E37 is S, O, NH, CH2, NCH3,
C═O, N—N═O, N—CH2—CH2—OH, N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3,
N-E38, CH-E39,
E38 is NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, CH2—CH3, N(H)OH, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, or;
E39 is CH3, CH2—CH3, CH2-N═O, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, CH2—CH3, N(H)OH, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—CH2—CH2—CH3, or C(O)—O—CH2—CH3;
E40 is CH3, CH2—CH3, CH2-N═O, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, CH2—CH3, N(H)OH, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—CH2—CH2—CH3, or C(O)—O—CH2—CH3;
E42, E43, E44, E45, and E46, are each independently H,
D2 is
G1 is CH, N, CCH3, CH2,
G2 is C, CH, or N;
G3 is CH,
G4 is
G5, G6, and G7, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
G8 is NH, CH2, O, or S;
G9, G10, G11, and G12, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
G13 is C, CH, or N;
G14 is C═O, CH2, or NH;
G15 is C═O, CH2, or NH;
G16 is
G17, G18, G19, G20, and G21, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3, provided that if G17 is OH, then one or more of G18, G19, G20, and G21 are selected from OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
G22 is NH, CH2, O, or S;
G23, G24, G25, and G26, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
G27 is C, CH, CCH3, CC(O)OCH2CH3, or N;
G28 is C, CH, or N;
G29 is CH, CH2, C═O, CCH3, or N;
where is either a single or a double bond between G28 and G29;
G30 is CH2, N—N═O, NCH3, NCH2CH2OH, CH—N═O, CHCH3, CHCH2CH2OH, S, O,
G31, G32, and G33, are each independently H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
CH3, CH2OH, or absent when G36, G37, or G38 is N;
G34, is H, OH, NH2,
OCH3, CH3, CH2OH, I or absent when G35 is N;
G35, G36, G37, and G38, are each independently C or N;
G39 is C, CH, or N;
G40 is CH, or N;
G41 is NH, S, O, or CH2;
G42, G43, G44, and G45, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
G46 is C, CH, or N;
G47, G48, G50, and G51, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
G49 is OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3;
G52 is C, CH, or N;
G53 is CH2, NH, S, or O;
G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
D3 may be
D3 may be
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A1 is H, CH3, F, Cl or Br and A2 is H, CH3, NH2, OH or OCH3, A3 is H, F, Cl or Br and A4 is H, F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided A1 is CH3, A2 is F, A3 is H and A4 is H.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that at least one of A1, A3 or A4 is F, Cl or Br and A2 is H, CH3, NH2, OH or OCH3.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that at least one of A2 or A3 is F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A4 is H.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A1 is CH3.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that at least one of A1 or A2 is F, Cl, Br or CH3.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A2 is F, Cl or Br then A3 is F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A2 is F, Cl or Br then A1 is H, OH, CH2OH,
CF3, F, Cl or Br, A3 is H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3,
or ═O and A4 is H, Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OH, OCH3,
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A2 is F, Cl or Br then A1 is not CH3.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A2 is F, Cl or Br then A1 is not CH3.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A2 is F, Cl or Br then at least one or both of A1 and A3 are F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A1 is CH3 then A2 is not F, Br or Cl.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A1 is CH3 then A2 is H.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A1 is F, Br or Cl.
Alternatively, D3 is
provided that A1-A4 are all H.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that if A4 is CH3, then A1 is CH2OH,
CF3, F, Cl or Br, A2 is Br, NH2, F, Cl,
and A3 is Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2,
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A4 is H, and A1-4 are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2,
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A2 is F and A3 is F.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A2 is F, Cl or Br and A3 is F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A1 is F, A3 is F and A4 is F.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A1 is F, Cl or Br, A3 is F, Cl or Br and A4 is F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 may be
provided that A1 is F, Cl or Br, A3 is F, Cl or Br and A4 is F, Cl or Br.
Alternatively, D3 is
provided that A2 is H, if A1 is CH3.
J1 is CH, N, CCH3, CH2, NCH3, CN═O, C═O,
N—CH2—CH2—CH3, CH═O, N—N═O,
NCH2C(O)OCH2CH3, N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, O, S, or NH.
J2 is CH, C, or N.
J3 is C═S, C═O, NH, or CH2.
J4 is CH or N;
J5 is CH2, NH, S or O;
J6, J7, J8, J9, J10, J11, J12, and J13 are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
J14 is CH, C, or N;
J15 is C═S, C═O, NH, or CH2;
J16 , J17, J18, J19, and J20 are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I,
J21 is CH, C, or N;
J22 is CH2, or NH;
J23 is CH, or N;
J24, J25, J26, and J27 are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3;
J28 is CH, C, or N;
J31 is H, OH, Br, F, I, C(O)NH2, OCH3, or CH3;
J29, J30, J32, and J33 are each independently H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3;
J34 is CH, C, or N;
J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 are each independently H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3;
J40 is CH, C, or N;
J41 is H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, NH2, or CH3, or
J42, J43, J44, J45, and J46 are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, NH2, or CH3;
J47 is CH, C, or N;
J48 is S, CH2, C═O, O, or NH;
J49 is CH2, C═O, S, O, or NH;
J55 is C, or N;
J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, are each independently H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, CH3 or is absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N;
J56 is CH, C, or N;
J57 is N, or CH;
J58, J59, J60, J61, and J62, are each independently H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, or CH3;
J63, J64, J65, J66, and J67, are each independently H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, or CH3;
J63 is CH, C, or N;
J64 is CH, CH2, NH, CN═O, C═O, O, CCH3, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
J65 is CH2, NH, C═O, O, S, NN═O, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
J66, J67, J68, and J69 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3;
J70 is CH, C, or N;
J71, J72, J73, and J74 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3;
J75 may be CH, or N;
J77 is
and
provided that one or more of D1-D3 links to at least one ring in addition to the bicyclic structure of Formula I. For example, compounds 13720-13726, do not link to at least one ring in addition to the bicyclic structure of Formula I, whereas, for example, 13566 and 13742 do link to at least one ring in addition to the bicyclic structure of Formula I.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a use of a compound having the structure of Formula I as described herein for modulating AR activity.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a use of a compound having the structure of Formula I as described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for modulating AR activity.
A1 may be H, CH3, CH2CH3, OH, CH2OH, OCH3,
or CF3. Alternatively A1 may be F, Br or Cl, provided that D3 is not
A1 may be H, CH3, OH, CH2OH, OCH3,
or CF3. A1 may be H, CH3, OH, CH2OH, OCH3, or
A1 may be H, CH3, OH, CH2OH, or OCH3. A1 may be H, CH3, OH, CH2OH, or
A2 may be H, Br, OH, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OCH3,
A2 may be H, Br, OH, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OCH3 or ═O. A2 may be H, Br, OH, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2 or OCH3. A2 may be H, Br, OH, or Cl. A2 may be H, Br, OH, Cl, or F.
A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3,
or ═O. A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3,
or CF3. A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3, OH or ═O. A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3,
CF3, or ═O. A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3,
CF3, OH or ═O. A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3, OH or ═O. A3 may be H, Br, NH2, F, Cl, OCH3, or CH3.
A4 may be H, Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OH, OCH3,
or ═O. A4 may be H, Br. A4 may be H, Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OH, OCH3 or ═O. A4 may be H, Br, Cl, F, CH3, NH2, OH, OCH3, or ═O. A4 may be H, Br, Cl, F, I, CH3, NH2, OH or OCH3. A4 may be H, Br, Cl, CH3, NH2, OH, OCH3,
D1 may be
E1, E8, E14, E16, E22, E30, and E41, may each independently be CH or N. E1, E8, E14, E16, E22, E30, and E41, may be N. E1, E8, E14, E16, E22, E30, and E41, may be CH.
E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6, may each independently be H, OH,
Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3. E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6, may each independently be H, OH, or
E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6, may each independently be H or OH.
E7 may be CH2, O, NH, or C═O. E7 may be CH2. E7 may be CH2, O or C═O. E7 may be CH2 or O. E7 may be CH2, O, NH or C═O. E7 may be CH2, NH or C═O.
E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, may each independently be H,
OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, may each independently be H or
E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, may each independently be H,
OH, Br, Cl, F, or CH3. E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, may each independently be H, OH, or CH3. E9, E10, E11, E12, and E13, may each independently be H or CH3.
E15 may be CH2, O, NH or C═O. E15 may be NH. E15 may be CH2, O or NH. E15 may be O, NH, or C═O. E15 may be NH or C═O.
E17, E18, E19, E20, and E21, may each independently be H,
OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3. E17, E18, E19, E20, and E21, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. E17, E18, E19, E20, and E21, may each independently be H, Cl, or CH3. E17, E18, E19, E20, and E21, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F or CH3.
E23 may be CH, CH2, O, N, NH, or C═O. E23 may be N. E23 may be O, N, NH, or C═O. E23 may be CH, CH2, O, N or NH. E23 may be N or NH.
E24 may be CH2, O, NH, or C═O. E24 may be NH. E24 may be CH2, NH, or C═O. E24 may be O or NH. E24 may be CH2, O or NH. E24 may be NH, or C═O. E24 may be CH2 or NH.
E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H,
OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3. E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H or Cl. E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, or CH3. E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H, OH, Cl or CH3. E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H or CH3. E25, E26, E27, E28, and E29, may each independently be H, Br, Cl or CH3.
E31 may be N, CH, CBr, CCl, CF, COH, C═O, or CCH3. E31 may be N. E31 may be N, CH, COH, C═O, or CCH3. E31 may be N, CH, CCl, COH, C═O, or CCH3. E31 may be N, CH, COH or CCH3.
E32 may be NH, CH2, O, or S. E32 may be NH or O. E32 may be NH, CH2 or O. E32 may be NH. E32 may be O. E32 may be NH, O or S.
E33, E34, E35, and E36, may each independently be H, OH,
Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3. E33, E34, E35, and E36, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. E33, E34, E35, and E36, may each independently be H, OH,
or CH3. E33, E34, E35, and E36, may each independently be H, OH or CH3.
E37 may be S, O, NH, CH2, NCH3,
C═O, N—N═O, N—CH2—CH2—OH, N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3,
N-E38, CH-E39,
E37 may be S, O, NH, CH2, NCH3,
C═O, N—N═O, N—CH2—CH2—OH, N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3 or
E37 may be S, O, NH, CH2, NCH3,
C═O, N—N═O, N—CH2—CH2—OH, N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3,
E37 may be S, O, NH, CH2, NCH3,
C═O, N—N═O, N—CH2—CH2—OH, or N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3.
E38 may be NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, CH2—CH3, N(H)OH, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, or
E38 may be NH2, O—CH3 or O—NH2. E38 may be NH2 or O—CH3.
E39 may be CH3, CH2—CH3, CH2-N═O, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, CH2—CH3, N(H)OH, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—CH2—CH2—CH3 or C(O)—O—CH2—CH3. E39 may be CH3, CH2—CH3, CH2-N═O, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, or CH2—CH3. E39 may be CH3, CH2—CH3, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, C—O—CH3 or C(O)—O—CH3.
E40 may be CH3, CH2—CH3, CH2-N═O, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3, O—NH2, CH2—N═O, CH2—CH3, N(H)OH, C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH3, C(O)—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C—O—CH2—CH2—CH3, C(O)—CH2—CH2—CH3, or C(O)—O—CH2—CH3. E40 may be CH3, CH2—CH3, CH2-N═O, OH, OOH, NH2, O—CH3 or O—NH2.
E42, E43, E44, E45, and E46, may each independently be H,
OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. E42, E43, E44, E45, and E46, may each independently be H, OH, Cl, or CH3. E42, E43, E44, E45, and E46, may each independently be H or Cl. E42, E43, E44, E45, and E46, may each independently be H, Cl, or CH3. E42, E43, E44, E45, and E46, may each independently be H, OH or Cl.
D2 may be
G1 may be CH, N, CCH3, CH2,
O, S, or NH. G1 may be CH, N, CCH3, CH2, or
G1 may be CH, N, CCH3, CH2,
G1 may be CH, N, CCH3, CH2, O, S, or NH. G1 may be CH, N, CCH3 or CH2.
G2 may be C, CH, or N. G2 may be C. G2 may be C. G2 may be C or CH. G2 may be C or N.
G3 may be CH,
CH2, or N. G3 may be CH,
G3 may be CH, CH2 or N. G3 may be CH.
G4 may be
G5, G6, and G7, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3. G5, G6, and G7, may each independently be H or CH3. G5, G6, and G7, may each independently be H, OH, or CH3. G5, G6, and G7, may each independently be H, Br, Cl, F, or CH3. G5, G6, and G7, may each independently be H, OH, Br, CH3.
G8 may be NH, CH2, O, or S. G8 may be NH. G8 may be NH, O, or S. G8 may be NH, CH2, or S. G8 may be NH or S. G8 may be NH or CH2.
G9, G10, G11, and G12, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. G9, G10, G11, and G12, may each independently be H or Br. G9, G10, G11, and G12, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl or F. G9, G10, G11, and G12, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F or CH3. G9, G10, G11, and G12, may each independently be H, OH or Br.
G13 may be C, CH, or N. G13 may be C or N. G13 may be N. G13 may be C.
G14 may be C═O, CH2, or NH. G14 may be NH. G14 may be CH2. G14 may be NH.
G15 may be C═O, CH2, or NH. G15 may be C═O. G15 may be CH2. G15 may be NH.
G16 may be
G17, G18, G19, G20, and G21, are each independently H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3, provided that if G17 is OH, then one or more of G18, G19, G20, and G21 are selected from OH, Br, Cl, F, I, or CH3.
G22 may be NH, CH2, O, or S. G22 may be NH. G22 may be NH or S. G22 may be NH, O or S. G22 may be NH or CH2. G22 may be NH, O, or S. G22 may be NH or O.
G23, G24, G25, and G26, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. G23, G24, G25, and G26, may each independently be H or Br. G23, G24, G25, and G26, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, or CH3. G23, G24, G25, and G26, may each independently be H, Br, Cl, F or I. G23, G24, G25, and G26, may each independently be H, OH, Br or CH3.
G27 may be C, CH, CCH3, CC(O)OCH2CH3, or N. G27 may be C, CH, CCH3 or CC(O)OCH2CH3. G27 may be C. G27 may be CH. G27 may be CCH3. G27 may be CC(O)OCH2CH3.
G28 may be C, CH, or N. G28 may be C or N. G28 may be C. G28 may be N.
G29 may be CH, CH2, C═O, CCH3, or N. G29 may be CH. G29 may be CH2. G29 may be C═O, CCH3.
G30 may be CH2, N—N═O, NCH3, NCH2CH2OH, CH—N═O, CHCH3, CHCH2CH2OH, S, O,
or NH. G30 may be CH2, N—N═O, NCH3, NCH2CH2OH,
or NH. G30 may be CH2, N—N═O, NCH3, NCH2CH2OH, CH—N═O, CHCH3, CHCH2CH2OH, S, O, or NH. G30 may be CH2, N—N═O, NCH3, NCH2CH2OH, or NH.
G31, G32, and G33, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, CH3, CH2OH, or absent when G36, G37, or G38 is N. G31, G32, and G33, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, CH3, CH2OH, or absent when G36, G37, or G38 is N. G31, G32, and G33, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, OCH3, CH3, CH2OH, or absent when G36, G37, or G38 is N.
G34, may be H, OH, NH2,
OCH3, CH3, CH2OH, I or absent when G35 is N. G34, may be H, OH, NH2,
OCH3, CH3, CH2OH, or absent when G35 is N. G34, may be H, OH, NH2, OCH3, CH3, CH2OH, or absent when G35 is N.
G35, G36, G37, and G38, may each independently be C or N. G35, G36, G37, and G38, may each be N. G35, G36, G37, and G38, may each be C.
G39 may be C, CH or N. G39 may be C. G39 may be C or CH. G39 may be C or N.
G40 may be CH, or N. G40 may be N. G40 may be CH.
G41 may be NH, S, O, or CH2. G41 may be NH, S or O. G41 may be NH. G41 may be S.
G42, G43, G44, and G45, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. G42, G43, G44, and G45, may each independently be H or Br. G42, G43, G44, and G45, may each independently be H, OH, Br or CH3.
G46 may be C, CH, or N. G46 may be C. G46 may be C or N. G46 may be CH or N.
G47, G48, G50, and G51, are each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. G47, G48, G50, and G51, are each independently be H or OH. G47, G48, G50, and G51, are each independently be H, OH or CH3. G47, G48, G50, and G51, are each be H. G47, G48, G50, and G51, are each independently be OH. G49 is OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. G49 is Br, Cl, F or I. G49 is OH or CH3.
G52 may be C, CH or N. G52 may be C. G52 may be C or N. G52 may be C or CH.
G53 may be CH2, NH, S or O. G53 may be NH. G53 may be CH2 or NH. G53 may be NH or O. G53 may be NH or S.
G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, may each independently be H, Cl or F. G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, may each be H. G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, may each be Cl. G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, may each be F. G54, G55, G56, G57, and G58, may each independently be H, Br, Cl, F or CH3.
D3 may be
J1 may be CH, N, CCH3, CH2, NCH3, CN═O, C═O,
N—CH2—CH2—CH3, CH═O, N—N═O,
NCH2C(O)OCH2CH3, N—CH2—C(O)—O—CH2—CH3, O, S or NH. J1 may be CH, N, CH2, NCH3, CN═O, C═O,
or NH. J1 may be CH, N, CCH3, CH2, NCH3, CN═O, C═O,
O, S or NH. J2 may be CH, C, or N. J2 may be CH. J2 may be CH or C. J2 may be CH, or N. J3 may be C═S, C═O, NH, or CH2. J3 may be C═S. J3 may be C═S or CH2. J3 may be C═S or C═O. J3 may be C═S or NH. J4 may be CH or N. J4 may be N. J4 may be CH. J5 may be CH2, NH, S or O. J5 may be O. J5 may be CH2 or O. J5 may be NH, S or O. J5 may be S or O. J5 may be NH or O. J6, J7, J8, J9, J10, J11, J12, and J13 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. J6, J7, J8, J9, J10, J11, J12, and J13 may each independently be H. J6, J7, J8, J9, J10, J11, J12, and J13 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F or CH3. J14 may be CH, C, or N. J14 may be N. J14 may be CH or N. J14 may be C or N. J15 may be C═S, C═O, NH or CH2. J15 may be CH2. J15 may be NH or CH2. J15 may be C═S or CH2. J15 may be C═O or CH2.
J16, J17, J18, J19, and J20 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I,
or CH3. J16, J17, J18, J19, and J20 may each independently be H or
J16, J17, J18, J19, and J20 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F,
or CH3. J21 may be CH, C or N. J21 may be CH. J21 may be CH or N. J21 may be CH or C. J22 may be NH. J22 may be CH2. J22 may be CH2 or NH. J23 may be CH or N. J23 may be CH. J23 may be N. J24, J25, J26, and J27 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I or CH3. J24, J25, J26, and J27 may each independently be H. J24, J25, J26, and J27 may each independently be H, OH or CH3. J24, J25, J26, and J27 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl or CH3. J28 may be CH, C or N. J28 may be C. J28 may be CH or C. J28 may be C or N. J31 may be H, OH, Br, F, I, C(O)NH2, OCH3 or CH3. J31 may be H, Br, OCH3 or CH3. J31 may be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, OCH3 or CH3. J31 may be Cl. J31 may be H. J31 may be Br. J31 may be OCH3. J31 may be CH3. J29, J30, J32, and J33 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3. J29, J30, J32, and J33 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, C(O)NH2, CF3 or CH3. J29, J30, J32, and J33 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, NH2, or CH3. J34 may be CH, C, or N. J34 may be C. J34 may be CH or C. J34 may be C or N. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be H, Cl or CH3. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, NH2 or CH3. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each be H, Cl or CH3. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be H. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be Cl. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be CH3. J35, J36, J37, J38, and J39 may each independently be CF3. J40 may be CH, C, or N. J40 may be C. J40 may be CH or C. J40 may be C or N. J41 may be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, NH2, CH3 or
J41 may be H. J41 may be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, NH2 or CH3. J42, J43, J44, J45, and J46 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, NH2 or CH3. J42, J43, J44, J45, and J46 may each independently be H. J42, J43, J44, J45, and J46 may each independently be H, OH, NH2, or CH3. J42, J43, J44, J45, and J46 may each independently be H, OH, Br, Cl, NH2 or CH3. J47 may be CH, C or N. J47 may be C. J47 may be CH, C or N. J47 may be CH or C. J47 may be C or N. J48 may be S, CH2, C═O, O, or NH. J48 may be S, CH2 or NH. J48 may be S. J48 may be CH2. J48 may be NH. J49 may be CH2, C═O, S, O, or NH. J49 may be CH2 or C═O. J49 may be S, O, or NH. J49 may be CH2, C═O or NH. J49 may be CH2, C═O or S. J49 may be CH2, C═O or O. J55 may be C, or N. J55 may be C. J55 may be N. J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, CH3 or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N. J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, may each independently be H, OH, Br, F, CH3 or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N. J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, may each be H or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N. J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, may each be OH or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N. J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, may each be Br or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N. J50, J51, J52, J 53, and J54, may each be F or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J 53, or J54 is N. J50, J51, J52, J53, and J54, may each be CH3 or may be absent when J50, J51, J52, J53, or J54 is N. J56 may be CH, C or N. J56 may be C. J56 may be CH or C. J56 may be C or N. J57 may be N or CH. J57 may be CH. J57 may be N. J58, J59, J60, J61, and J62, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, or CH3. J58, J59, J60, J61, and J62, may each independently be H, F or CF3. J58, J59, J60, J61, and J62, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I, OCH3 or CH3. J63, J64, J65, J66, and J67, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, I,
OCH3, CF3, or CH3. J63, J64, J65, J66, and J67, may each independently be H, F or CF3. J63, J64, J65, J66, and J67, may each independently be H, OH, NH2, Br, Cl, F, OCH3 or CH3. J63 may be CH, C, or N. J63 may be C or N. J63 may be C. J63 may be N. J64 may be CH, CH2, NH, CN═O, C═O, O, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
or N. J64 may be CH, CH2, NH, CN═O, C═O, O, CCH3, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
or N. J64 may be CH, CH2, NH, CN═O, C═O, O, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
or N. J65 may be CH2, NH, C═O, O, S, NN═O, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
J65 may be CH2, NH, C═O, O, NN═O, NCH3, NC(O)OCH3,
J66, J67, J68, and J69 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3. J66, J67, J68, and J69 may each independently be H, OCH3, Br or CF3. J66, J67, J68, and J69 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, C(O)NH2, NH2 or CH3. J70 may be C. J70 may be CH or C. J70 may be C or N. J70 may be CH, C, or N. J71, J72, J73, and J74 may each independently be H, OCH3, OH, Br, Cl, F, I, C(O)NH2, CF3,
NH2, or CH3. J71, J72, J73, and J74 may each independently be H, Br, CF3, or CH3. J71, J72, J73, and J74 may be H. J71, J72, J73, and J74 may be Br. J71, J72, J73, and J74 may be CF3. J71, J72, J73, and J74 may be CH3. J75 may be CH, or N. J75 may be CH. J77 may be
One or more of D1-D3 links to at least one ring in addition to the bicyclic structure of Formula I.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a compound having the structure of Formula I as described herein, but provided that the compound is not one of the compounds in TABLE 1.
The compound may be selected from one or more of the active synthetic derivatives set out in TABLE 2.
Alternatively, the compound may be selected from one or more of the following:
The compound may have the structure of Formula II:
wherein,
L1 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, CF3, NH2, OCH3, or CH3;
L2 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, NH2, OCH3, or CH3;
L3 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, NH2, OCH3, or CH3;
L4 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, NH2, C(O)NHCH3, CH2OH, OCH3, CF3, CH3,
L5 may be H, OH, NH2, OCH3, CH2CH3, or CH3;
L6 may be H, OH, NH2, OCH3, CH2CH3, or CH3;
L7 may be H, F, Cl or Br;
L8 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, NH2, OCH3, or CH3;
L9 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, NH2, OCH3, or CH3; and
L10 may be H, Cl, F, Br, OH, NH2, I, CN, CH2CH3, CF3, OCH3,
or CH3, provided that the compound is not one of the following:
The compound may be:
The compound may be:
The compound may have the structure of Formula III:
wherein,
R1 is CH3, OH, OCH3, CH2CH3, or OCH2CH3;
R2 is CH3, OH, OCH3, CH2CH3, or OCH2CH3;
or R1 and R2 form
M1 is C or N;
M2 is C or N;
Q1 is H;
Q2 is NH2, Br, Cl, H, OCH3, CH2OH, OCH2-Ph,
NH2, or CH3;
Q3 is NH2, Br, Cl, H, OCH3, CH2OH, OCH2-Ph,
NH2, or CH3;
Q4 is NH2, Br, Cl, H, OCH3, CH2OH, OCH2-Ph,
NH2, or CH3; and
Q5 is H, CH3, CH2CH2OH,
The compound may be selected from one or more of the following:
The compound may be
or
The compound may be for use in the treatment of at least one indication selected from the group including: prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, hair loss, acne, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty, and age-related macular degeneration.
The modulating AR activity is for the treatment of at least one indication selected from the group including: prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, hair loss, acne, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty, and age-related macular degeneration.
The modulating AR activity may be for the treatment of prostate cancer. The mammalian cell may be a human cell. The cell may be a prostate cell. The cell may be a prostate cancer cell.
The compound may be for use in the treatment of at least one indication selected from the group consisting of: cancer, hair loss, acne, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty, and age related macular degeneration. The cancer may be AR-mediated cancer. The cancer may be selected from the group including of: prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and bladder cancer. The cancer may be Taxene resistant triple negative breast cancer.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition for modulating AR activity, the composition including a compound described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a method of modulating AR activity, the method including (a) administering a compound described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein to a subject in need thereof.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a method for modulating AR activity, the method including administering to a mammalian cell a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a use of a compound described herein, for modulating AR activity.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a use of a compound described herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for modulating AR activity.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition including a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a commercial package including (a) a compound described herein; and (b) instructions for the use thereof for modulating AR activity.
In accordance with a further aspect, there is provided a commercial package including (a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (b) instructions for the use thereof for modulating AR activity.
The BF3 site is an attractive target for direct inhibition of the AR co-activation. In silico computational drug discovery methods were used to conduct a virtual screen of ˜4 million purchasable lead-like compounds from the ZINC database (Irwin, J. et al. Abstracts of Papers Am. Chem. Soc. (2005) 230:U1009) to identify potential BF3 binders. The in silico methods included large-scale docking, in-site rescoring and consensus voting procedures.
It will be understood by a person of skill that COOH and NR2 may include the corresponding ions, for example carboxylate ions and ammonium ions, respectively. Alternatively, where the ions are shown, a person of skill in the art will appreciate that the counter ion may also be present.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the point of covalent attachment of the moiety to the compounds as described herein may be, for example, and without limitation, cleaved under specified conditions. Specified conditions may include, for example, and without limitation, in vivo enzymatic or non-enzymatic means. Cleavage of the moiety may occur, for example, and without limitation, spontaneously, or it may be catalyzed, induced by another agent, or a change in a physical parameter or environmental parameter, for example, an enzyme, light, acid, temperature or pH. The moiety may be, for example, and without limitation, a protecting group that acts to mask a functional group, a group that acts as a substrate for one or more active or passive transport mechanisms, or a group that acts to impart or enhance a property of the compound, for example, solubility, bioavailability or localization.
In some embodiments, compounds of Formula I or Formula II above may be used for systemic treatment of at least one indication selected from the group consisting of: prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, hair loss, acne, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty and age-related macular degeneration. In some embodiments compounds of Formula I or Formula II may be used in the preparation of a medicament or a composition for systemic treatment of an indication described herein. In some embodiments, methods of systemically treating any of the indications described herein are also provided.
Compounds as described herein may be in the free form or in the form of a salt thereof. In some embodiment, compounds as described herein may be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, which are known in the art (Berge S. M. et al., J. Pharm. Sci. (1977) 66(1):1-19). Pharmaceutically acceptable salt as used herein includes, for example, salts that have the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound (salts which retain the biological effectiveness and/or properties of the parent compound and which are not biologically and/or otherwise undesirable). Compounds as described herein having one or more functional groups capable of forming a salt may be, for example, formed as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Compounds containing one or more basic functional groups may be capable of forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt with, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be derived from, for example, and without limitation, acetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, butyric acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, camphoric acid, camphorsulfonic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, diethylacetic acid, digluconic acid, dodecylsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptanoic acid, gluconic acid, glycerophosphoric acid, glycolic acid, hemisulfonic acid, heptanoic acid, hexanoic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, isonicotinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-napthalenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulphonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, nicotinic acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid, pamoic acid, pectinic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, phosphoric acid, picric acid, pimelic acid, pivalic acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid or undecanoic acid. Compounds containing one or more acidic functional groups may be capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable base, for example, and without limitation, inorganic bases based on alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals or organic bases such as primary amine compounds, secondary amine compounds, tertiary amine compounds, quaternary amine compounds, substituted amines, naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines or basic ion-exchange resins. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be derived from, for example, and without limitation, a hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese or aluminum, ammonia, benzathine, meglumine, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, isopropylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, glucamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, procaine, N-ethylpiperidine, theobromine, tetramethylammonium compounds, tetraethylammonium compounds, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, morpholine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, dicyclohexylamine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylphenethylamine, 1-ephenamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine or polyamine resins. In some embodiments, compounds as described herein may contain both acidic and basic groups and may be in the form of inner salts or zwitterions, for example, and without limitation, betaines. Salts as described herein may be prepared by conventional processes known to a person skilled in the art, for example, and without limitation, by reacting the free form with an organic acid or inorganic acid or base, or by anion exchange or cation exchange from other salts. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that preparation of salts may occur in situ during isolation and purification of the compounds or preparation of salts may occur by separately reacting an isolated and purified compound.
In some embodiments, compounds and all different forms thereof (e.g. free forms, salts, polymorphs, isomeric forms) as described herein may be in the solvent addition form, for example, solvates. Solvates contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of a solvent in physical association the compound or salt thereof. The solvent may be, for example, and without limitation, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. For example, hydrates are formed when the solvent is water or alcoholates are formed when the solvent is an alcohol.
In some embodiments, compounds and all different forms thereof (e.g. free forms, salts, solvates, isomeric forms) as described herein may include crystalline and amorphous forms, for example, polymorphs, pseudopolymorphs, conformational polymorphs, amorphous forms, or a combination thereof. Polymorphs include different crystal packing arrangements of the same elemental composition of a compound. Polymorphs usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, melting points, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and/or solubility. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various factors including recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization and storage temperature may cause a single crystal form to dominate.
In some embodiments, compounds and all different forms thereof (e.g. free forms, salts, solvates, polymorphs) as described herein include isomers such as geometrical isomers, optical isomers based on asymmetric carbon, stereoisomers, tautomers, individual enantiomers, individual diastereomers, racemates, diastereomeric mixtures and combinations thereof, and are not limited by the description of the formula illustrated for the sake of convenience.
In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may comprise a salt of such a compound, preferably a pharmaceutically or physiologically acceptable salt. Pharmaceutical preparations will typically comprise one or more carriers, excipients or diluents acceptable for the mode of administration of the preparation, be it by injection, inhalation, topical administration, lavage, or other modes suitable for the selected treatment. Suitable carriers, excipients or diluents (used interchangeably herein) are those known in the art for use in such modes of administration.
Suitable pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated by means known in the art and their mode of administration and dose determined by the skilled practitioner. For parenteral administration, a compound may be dissolved in sterile water or saline or a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle used for administration of non-water soluble compounds such as those used for vitamin K. For enteral administration, the compound may be administered in a tablet, capsule or dissolved in liquid form. The tablet or capsule may be enteric coated, or in a formulation for sustained release. Many suitable formulations are known, including, polymeric or protein microparticles encapsulating a compound to be released, ointments, pastes, gels, hydrogels, or solutions which can be used topically or locally to administer a compound. A sustained release patch or implant may be employed to provide release over a prolonged period of time. Many techniques known to one of skill in the art are described in Remington: the Science & Practice of Pharmacy by Alfonso Gennaro, 20th ed., Lippencott Williams & Wilkins, (2000). Formulations for parenteral administration may, for example, contain excipients, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils of vegetable origin, or hydrogenated naphthalenes. Biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, lactide/glycolide copolymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be used to control the release of the compounds. Other potentially useful parenteral delivery systems for modulatory compounds include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion systems, and liposomes. Formulations for inhalation may contain excipients, for example, lactose, or may be aqueous solutions containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or may be oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel.
Compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein or for use as described herein may be administered by means of a medical device or appliance such as an implant, graft, prosthesis, stent, etc. Also, implants may be devised which are intended to contain and release such compounds or compositions. An example would be an implant made of a polymeric material adapted to release the compound over a period of time.
An “effective amount” of a pharmaceutical composition as described herein includes a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount. A “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result, such as reduced tumor size, increased life span or increased life expectancy. A therapeutically effective amount of a compound may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the subject, and the ability of the compound to elicit a desired response in the subject. Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response. A therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the compound are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. A “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result, such as smaller tumors, increased life span, increased life expectancy or prevention of the progression of prostate cancer to an androgen-independent form. Typically, a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, so that a prophylactically effective amount may be less than a therapeutically effective amount.
It is to be noted that dosage values may vary with the severity of the condition to be alleviated. For any particular subject, specific dosage regimens may be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions. Dosage ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and do not limit the dosage ranges that may be selected by medical practitioners. The amount of active compound(s) in the composition may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the subject. Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, a single bolus may be administered, several divided doses may be administered over time or the dose may be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. It may be advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
In some embodiments, compounds and all different forms thereof as described herein may be used, for example, and without limitation, in combination with other treatment methods for at least one indication selected from the group consisting of: prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, hair loss, acne, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty and age-related macular degeneration. For example, compounds and all their different forms as described herein may be used as neoadjuvant (prior), adjunctive (during), and/or adjuvant (after) therapy with surgery, radiation (brachytherapy or external beam), or other therapies (eg. HIFU).
In general, compounds as described herein should be used without causing substantial toxicity. Toxicity of the compounds as described herein can be determined using standard techniques, for example, by testing in cell cultures or experimental animals and determining the therapeutic index, i.e., the ratio between the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the LD100 (the dose lethal to 100% of the population). In some circumstances however, such as in severe disease conditions, it may be appropriate to administer substantial excesses of the compositions. Some compounds as described herein may be toxic at some concentrations. Titration studies may be used to determine toxic and non-toxic concentrations. Toxicity may be evaluated by examining a particular compound's or composition's specificity across cell lines using PC3 cells as a negative control that do not express AR. Animal studies may be used to provide an indication if the compound has any effects on other tissues. Systemic therapy that targets the AR will not likely cause major problems to other tissues since anti-androgens and androgen insensitivity syndrome are not fatal.
Compounds as described herein may be administered to a subject. As used herein, a “subject” may be a human, non-human primate, rat, mouse, cow, horse, pig, sheep, goat, dog, cat, etc. The subject may be suspected of having or at risk for having a cancer, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer, or suspected of having or at risk for having acne, hirsutism, alopecia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty, or age-related macular degeneration. Diagnostic methods for various cancers, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer, and diagnostic methods for acne, hirsutism, alopecia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty, or age-related macular degeneration and the clinical delineation of cancer, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer, diagnoses and the clinical delineation of acne, hirsutism, alopecia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary disease, precocious puberty, or age-related macular degeneration are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Definitions used include ligand-dependent activation of the androgen receptor (AR) by androgens such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the synthetic androgen (R1881) used for research purposes. Ligand-independent activation of the AR refers to transactivation of the AR in the absence of androgen (ligand) by, for example, stimulation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway with forskolin (FSK).
Some compounds and compositions as described herein may interfere with a mechanism specific to ligand-dependent activation (e.g., accessibility of the ligand binding domain (LBD) to androgen) or to ligand-independent activation of the AR.
Various alternative embodiments and examples of the invention are described herein. These embodiments and examples are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Ten million commercially available compounds from the ZINC12.0 structural libraries (Irwin, J. J. and Shoichet, B. K. ZINC—a free database of commercially available compounds for virtual screening. J Chem Inf Model 2005, 45, 177-182) were imported into a molecular database using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) version 2007.09 (MOE, Chemical Computing Group, Inc., 2008, www.chemcomp.com). These structures were energy minimized using an MMFF94x force field, exported in SD format and rigidly docked into the BF3 site of the protein structures 4HLW with Glide software (Friesner, R. A. et al. Glide: a new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 1. Method and assessment of docking accuracy. J Med Chem. 2004, 25, 739-49). About 2 million molecules that had a GlideScore←5.0 were then re-docked into the same BF3 binding cavity using the electronic high-throughput screening (eHiTS) docking module (Zsoldos, Z. et al. eHiTS: a new fast, exhaustive flexible ligand docking system. J Mol Graph Model 2007, 26, 198-212). From this, 500,000 structures with eHiTS docking scores <-3.0 threshold were identified. They were scored by the LigX™ module of the MOE to account for the receptor/ligand flexibility. The pKi binding affinity was scored after energy minimization to select the ligands that showed the best binding characteristics defined mainly by the energy of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The virtual hits were scored using Molecular Mechanics, the Generalized Born model and Solvent Accessibility (MM-GB/SA) method with OPLS 2005 and GB/SA in MacroModelTM to calculate the free energies of the optimal chemical poses (Maestro, Schrodinger, LLC, New York, N.Y., 2008. www.schrodinger.com). The root mean square deviation (RMSD) was calculated between the Glide poses and the eHiTS poses to evaluate the docking consistency and thus to establish the most probable binding pose for a given ligand. Finally, very large and very small molecules were penalized based on a heavy atom count.
With this information, a cumulative scoring of five different predicted parameters (RMSD, heavy atoms count, LigX, Macromodel, pKi) was generated where each molecule receive a binary 1.0 score for every ‘top 10% appearance’. The final cumulative vote (with the maximum possible value of 5) was then used to rank the training set entries. Based on the cumulative score 5000 compounds were selected and subjected to visual inspection. After this final selection step 200 compounds were selected out of which 150 chemical substances could be readily purchased in sufficient purity and quantity.
At 0° C., a solution of para-toluenesulfonic acid (13.4 g, 0.55 eq, 70.4 mmol) in acetonitrile (150 mL) was added drop-wise over 1 h to a solution of indole (15 g, 1.0 eq, 128.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (500 mL). The mixture was kept for additionnal 6 h at 0° C. The subsequent precipitate was filtered (at 0° C.) and washed with acetonitrile (three times). The precipitate was neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 solution and extracted with AcOEt (3×100 mL). The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4; filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Any purification was needed and the crude was transformed in corresponding hydrochloride with HCl 2 M solution in ether and the precipitate salt was filtered to afford 14.8 g of the white solid (54.7 mmol, 85%).
1H and 13C NMR spectra (COSY, 1H/13C 2D-correlations) were recorded with Bruker
Avance III™ 400 MHz. Processing of the spectra was performed with MestRec™ software and data are reported as follows: chemical shifts (δ) in parts per million, coupling constants (J) in hertz (Hz). The high-resolution mass spectra were recorded in positive ion-mode with an ESI ion source on an Agilent™ Time-of-Flight LC/MS mass spectrometer. HPLC analyses and purity of >95% were performed by analytical reverse-phase HPLC with a Agilent™ instrument with variable detector using column Agilent Zorbax 4.6×5 mm, 5 um; flow: 2.0 mL·min−1, H2O (0.1% FA)/CH3CN (0.1% FA), gradient 2→98% (6 min) and 98% (0.3 min). Melting points were determined with a Fischer-Jonhs.
1H and 13C NMR spectra (COSY, 1H/13C 2D-correlations) were recorded with Bruker Avance III™ 400 MHz. Processing of the spectra was performed with MestRec™ software and data are reported as follows: chemical shifts (δ) in parts per million, coupling constants (J) in hertz (Hz). The high-resolution mass spectra were recorded in positive ion-mode with an ESI ion source on an Agilent™ Time-of-Flight LC/MS mass spectrometer. HPLC analyses and purity of >95% were performed by analytical reverse-phase HPLC with a Agilent™ instrument with variable detector using column Agilent Zorbax 4.6×5 mm, 5 um; flow: 2.0 mL·min−1, H2O (0.1% FA)/CH3CN (0.1% FA), gradient 2→98% (6 min) and 98% (0.3 min).
General Procedure 1
Phenylhydrazine (1.0 eq) aldehyde (isobutyraldehyde or cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde) (1.0 eq) were diluted in AcOH (0.1 M). The mixture was heated at 65° C. for 2 h (until complete conversion). Reaction mixture containing imine intermediate was allowed to reach r.t. and indole (1.0 eq) was added to the mixture which was stirred additional 2 h at r.t. (until complete conversion). Acetic acid was removed under vacuo. Then, the residue was poured with H2O and neutralized at pH 7 with sat. NaHCO3 solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt (×3) and organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. Then, crude was purified by automated combi-flash to afford the good compound.
Benzyloxy compound (1.0 eq) was dissolved in mixture of MeOH (0.05 M) and the system was purged with vacuum/N2 (×3). Then, Pd/C (20% w/w) was added to the mixture and purged again with vacuum/H2 and put under H2 atmosphere. The reaction was stirred overnight at r.t. under H2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered on a plug of Celite which was washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by combi-flash to afford the good compound.
Imine compound (1.0 eq) was dissolved in AcOH (0.1 M) and the system was put under argon atmosphere. Then, NaBH3CN (1.1 eq) was added quickly. Then, the reaction was stirred at r.t. After overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude was quenched with H2O. Aqueous layer was neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 solution until pH 7 and extracted with AcOEt (×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and rotary evaporated. The crude was purified by automated combi-flash to afford the good compound.
From ester compound (1.0 eq) was diluted in mixture of MeOH/Acetone (1:3, 0.1 M). The mixture was stirred and a solution of LiOH (2.0 eq) in H2O (0.85 M) was added drop-wise over 5 min. Then, the mixture was stirred overnight at r.t. The reaction mixture was diluted in a mixture of Et2O and H2O and the aqueous phase was washed and then acidified with concentrated HCl solution until pH 3. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give pure product.
A dried vessel was charged with LiAlH4 (4.0 eq), enclosed with condenser and rubber cap and put under argon atmosphere. Then, carboxylic acid (1.0 eq) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (0.28 M) and was added in system which was stirred 2 h at 70° C. The excess of LiAlH4 was destroyed by adding AcOEt drop-wise (exothermic reaction) and then by adding H2O. Aqueous saturated NH4Cl solution was added and the whole was extracted with AcOEt (×2). The combined organic layers were washed with H2O and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by automated combi-flash to afford the good compound.
Phenylhydrazine (1.0 eq) and isobutyraldehyde (1.0 eq) were diluted in AcOH (0.1 M). The mixture was heated at 65° C. for 2 h (until complete conversion). Reaction mixture containing imine intermediate was allowed to reach r.t. Acetic acid was removed under vacuo. The residue was poured with H2O and neutralized at pH 7 with sat. NaHCO3 solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt (×3) and organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. Then, residue corresponding to imine intermediate was diluted in ACN (0.5 M). Azaindole (0.9 eq) and ZnCl2 (0.9 eq) were introduced in microwave vessel. The mixture was stirred and heated by microwave 3 h at 120° C. The resulting crystals (after avernight at r.t.) was filtered and washed with 1 N aqueous NaOH solution (50 mL) and extracted with AcOEt (×2). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide pure compound.
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-5-methyl-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-5-methoxy-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-5-amine-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-7-(benzyloxy)-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-6-hydroxy-1H-indole (Procedure 2)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-7-hydroxy-1H-indole (Procedure 2)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-7-methyl-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 3)
3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid (Procedure 4)
(3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-1H-indole-7-yl)methanol (Procedure 5)
(3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine (Procedure 6)
(3-(3,3-dimethylindolin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 6)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-5-methyl-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-7-methyl-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1H-indole (Procedure 1)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-6-hydroxy-1H-indole (Procedure 2)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-7-hydroxy-1H-indole (Procedure 2)
Phenylhydrazine (1.0 eq) aldehyde (isobutyraldehyde or cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde) (1.0 eq) were diluted in AcOH (0.1 M). The mixture was heated at 65° C. for 2 h (until complete conversion). Then, 7-azaindole or 1,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-4H-indol-4-one (1.0 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred additional 24 h at 100° C. (until complete conversion). Acetic acid was removed under vacuo. Then, the residue was poured with H2O and neutralized at pH 7 with sat. NaHCO3 solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt (×3) and organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. Then, crude was purified by automated combi-flash to afford the good compound.
3-(3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 7)
Tetrahydro-3-(3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-2-yl)-1H-indol-4-one (Procedure 7)
3-(spiro[cyclohexane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 7)
In microwave vessel, quinoline (2.0 eq) and indole (1.0 eq) were mixed together and the system was sealed and placed under nitrogen, after a purge with vacuum/N2 (3 times). Then, HCl solution 4 M in 1,4-dioxane (1.2 eq) was added with the needle immersed in the mixture (exothermic reaction). The reaction mixture was heated with microwave during 2 h at 160° C. The reaction mixture was taken up with a minimum of MeOH and when the residue was dissolved, it was transferred in mixture of AcOEt and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The resulting solution was extracted and the aqueous phase was washed with AcOEt (×2). The organic layers were combined, washed with 0.01 M critic acid solution, saturated NaHCO3 solution, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Finally, the crude was purified by automated combi-flash to afford the good compound.
General Procedure 10
Halogenated-compound (1.0 eq), boronic acid (or boronate) (1.1 eq) and Pd(PPh3)4 (10% mol) was added in microwave vessel (10-20 mL). The vial was sealed with a cap and the system was purged with vacuum and placed under N2. Then, the solids were dissolved in mixture of Toluene/EtOH (4.5: 2.0, 0.11 M) and purged with vacuum/N2 one more time. Then, a solution of K2CO3 (3.0 eq) in H2O (1.8 M) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated overnight at 95° C. with oil bath. The reaction mixture was filtered on plug of celite. The filtrate was was poured with water and was extracted with AcOEt (×3). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in DCM/TFA (5: 5) for 2 h at r.t. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was then neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 solution and extracted with AcOEt (×2). The organic layers were washed, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was precipitate in DCM or purified by automated combi-flash to afford the good compound.
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-methylquinoline
2-(7-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-methylquinoline
2-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
2-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 9)
2-(7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 156.14 (C8-arom.), 148.27 (C4-
2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
2-(6-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 155.52 (C8-arom.), 148.15
2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
2-(1H-indazol-1-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) = 152.95 (C8-arom.), 146.66 (C4-
2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 9)
2-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
2-(6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
2-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-1-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 150.74 (C14-arom.), 150.56 (C8-
2-(6-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
13C NMR Done but unreadable and it was the same for every compound
3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine (Procedure 10)
3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indazole (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 148.59 (C2-arom.), 147.42
2-(7-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 155.00 (C8-arom.), 147.65 (C4-
2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 154.73 (C8-arom.), 147.73 (C4-
tert-butyl 3-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate
3-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 150.40 (C5H-arom.), 146.38
3-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (Procedure 10)
3-(7-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 150.63 (C5H-arom.), 146.32
3-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 150.68 (C5H-arom.), 146.10
7-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
tert-butyl 7-(benzyloxy)-3-iodo-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
5,8-dibromo-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 9)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 157.55 (C8-arom.), 145.79 (C4-
5-bromo-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 9)
3-iodo-7-methyl-1-tosyl-1H-indole
8-bromo-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 9)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 156.88 (C8-arom.), 144.96 (C4-
3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 139.14 (C7H-arom.), 135.56
3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 149.69 (C10-arom.), 143.50
2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 155.03 (C8-arom.), 147.62 (C4-
3-(1H-indazol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 149.67 (C5H-arom.), 147.27 (C2-
3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine (Procedure 10)
2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 151.19 (C14-arom.), 143.79 (C10-
2-naphthalen-3-ol-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
6
tert-butyl 3-iodo-7-nitro-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
3-((2H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)-1H-indole
3-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-indole
tert-butyl 3-iodo-7-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
tert-butyl 3-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate
3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-7-nitro-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
7-bromo-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indol-7-amine
tert-butyl 7-methyl-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-methyl-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
3-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 149.56 (C10-arom.), 143.39
4-(4-bromothiazol-2-yl)morpholine
3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
3-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 143.76 (C11-arom.), 143.27
3-(4-bromophenyl)-7-nitro-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-indole-7-carboxylate (Procedure 10)
3-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 149.06 (C10-arom.), 142.87 (C8H-
tert-butyl 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 160.52 (d, J = 242.3 Hz, C2F-
3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
tert-butyl 7-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 135.73 C10-arom.), 134.23 (d, J =
2,3,4-trifluoro-6-iodoaniline
2-(5,6,7-trifluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
7-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 150.65 (C19H-arom.), 148.56
tert-butyl 3-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate
3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
1-methyl-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indole (Procedure 10)
3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
3-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
6-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (Procedure 10)
2-(quinolin-5-yl)thiazole
5-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (Procedure 10)
5-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole (Procedure 10)
2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (Procedure 10)
3-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (Procedure 10)
4-bromo-2-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)thiazole (Procedure 10)
tert-butyl 6-fluoro-3-iodo-1H-indole-1-carboxylate
6-(7-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)isoquinoline (Procedure 10)
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 151.69 (C16H-arom.), 143.10
2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline
13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ (ppm) = 159.13 (d, J = 235.8 Hz, C12-
A person of skill in the art based on the general knowledge in the art and the information provided herein would be able to synthesize the compounds described herein or modify the compounds described herein.
eGFP Cellular Transcription Assay
AR transcriptional activity was assayed as previously described (Tavassoli, P. et al. Rapid, non-destructive, cell-based screening assays for agents that modulate growth, death, and androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2007, 67, 416-426). Briefly, stably transfected eGFP-expressing LNCaP human prostate cancer cells (LN-ARR2PB-eGFP) containing an androgen responsive probasin-derived promoter (ARR2PB) were grown in phenol red free RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% CSS. After 5 days, the cells were plated into a 96-well plate (35,000 cells/well) with 0.1 nM of the synthetic androgen R1881 and increasing concentrations (0-100 μM) of compound. The cells were incubated for three days and the fluorescence was then measured (excitation 485 nm, emission 535 nm). The viability of these cells was assayed by MTS cell proliferation assay (CellTiter 961™ Aqueous One Solution Reagent, Promega™).
The ternary complex structure was solved by molecular replacement using the Phaser program (McCoy, A. J. et al. Phaser crystallographic software. J Appl Crystallogr 2007, 40, 658-674) and the coordinate of an apo-protein structure of AR-testosterone complex (Protein Data Bank entry 2AM9) as the search model. The structures were refined with iterative cycles of manual density fitting with COOT and refinement with Refmac (Murshudov, G. N. et al. Refinement of macromolecular structures by the maximum-likelihood method. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1997, 53, 240-255). The extra density of testosterone was clearly observed at the initial refinement step. A characteristic electron density of the compound was observed at the BF3 binding site.
The AR ligand binding domain was expressed and purified as previously described (Estebanez-Perpina, E. et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA(2007) 104:16074-16079).
eGFP Cellular AR Transcription Assay: AR transcriptional activity was assayed as previously described.21 Briefly, stably transfected eGFP-expressing LNCaP human prostate cancer cells (LN-ARR2PBeGFP) containing an androgen-responsive probasin-derived promoter (ARR2PB) were grown in phenol-red-free RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% CSS. After 5 days, the cells were plated into a 96-well plate (35,000 cells/well) with 0.1 nM R1881 and increasing concentrations (0-100 μM) of compound. The cells were incubated for 3 days, and the fluorescence was then measured (excitation, 485 nm; emission, 535 nm). The viability of these cells has been assayed by the MTS cell proliferation assay (CellTiter 961 Aqueous One Solution Reagent, Promega) according to the instructions of the manufacturer.
Prostate Surface Antigen assay: The evaluation of PSA excreted into the media was performed in parallel to the eGFP assay using the same plates (see above description). After the cells were incubated for 3 days 150 μl of the media was taken from each well, and added to 150 μl of PBS. PSA levels were then evaluated using Cobas e 411 analyzer instrument (Roche Diagnostics) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Using a previously described (Axerio-Cilies, P. et al. Inhibitors of Androgen Receptor Activation Function-2 (AF2) Site Indentified Through Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2011 54(18):6197-205), consensus-based in silico methodology we conducted a virtual screen of ˜10 million purchasable chemical substances from the ZINC database to identify BF3-specific binders (also one NCI compound). The screening method used a combination of large-scale docking, ligand-based QSAR modeling, pharmacophore search, molecular field analysis, molecular-mechanic and molecular dynamic simulations (Cherkasov, A. et al. Progressive docking: a hybrid QSAR/docking approach for accelerating in silico high throughput screening. J Med Chem. 2006, 49, 7466-7478; Cherkasov, A. et al. ‘Inductive’ charges on atoms in proteins: comparative docking with the extended steroid benchmark set and discovery of a novel SHBG ligand. J Chem Inf Model 2005, 45, 1842-1853; and Santos-Filho, O. A. and Cherkasov, A. Using molecular docking, 3D-QSAR, and cluster analysis for screening structurally diverse data sets of pharmacological interest. J Chem Inf Model 2008, 48, 2054-2065). The results from each stage of this multi-parametric approach were compiled and the compounds were ranked using a consensus scoring procedure. The highest ranked compounds were visualized and initial candidates, predicted to have a high potential for binding to the BF3 pocket, were selected for empirical testing.
All compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit AR transcriptional activity using a non-destructive, cell-based eGFP screening assay (Tavassoli, P. et al. Rapid, non-destructive, cell-based screening assays for agents that modulate growth, death, and androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2007, 67, 416-426). In this assay, the expression of eGFP is under the control of an androgen responsive probasin-derived promoter and can quantify AR transcriptional activity. From the compounds tested, 7 showed sub-μM IC50 values in the eGFP assay. Compounds that exhibited non-specific cellular toxicity were removed from further analysis. The most potent molecules had IC50's ranging in from 0.11 to 50 μM range (TABLE 3). Some compounds were also tested in the PSA assay (TABLE 3).
Where a compound is described as “inactive”, no activity was detected for the compound in the assays on which it was tested.
Although various embodiments of the invention are disclosed herein, many adaptations and modifications may be made within the scope of the invention in accordance with the common general knowledge of those skilled in this art. Such modifications include the substitution of known equivalents for any aspect of the invention in order to achieve the same result in substantially the same way. Numeric ranges are inclusive of the numbers defining the range. The word “comprising” is used herein as an open-ended term, substantially equivalent to the phrase “including, but not limited to”, and the word “comprises” has a corresponding meaning. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a thing” includes more than one such thing. Citation of references herein is not an admission that such references are prior art to an embodiment of the present invention. The invention includes all embodiments and variations substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to the examples and drawings.
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/302,363, filed Oct. 6, 2016, which is a National Stage Application of International Patent Application No. PCT/CA2015/000239, filed Apr. 9, 2015; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/977,445, filed Apr. 9, 2014 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/084,451, filed Nov. 25, 2014; all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61977445 | Apr 2014 | US | |
| 62084451 | Nov 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15302363 | Oct 2016 | US |
| Child | 16426406 | US |
