Patent Application
20240018304
The present invention relates to biodegradable polymers that have structural elements of polyamines or of alkoxylated polyamines, a process to produce such polymers, to the use of and formulations and compositions comprising such polymers, to the use of such polymers as ingredients in formulations and compositions within the field of application of fabric and home care, industrial and institutional cleaning, cosmetics, personal care, agricultural formulations, technical formulations and construction formulations.
Certain polyamines and alkoxylated polyamines containing ethoxylate chains or chain-parts and their use in fabric care and home care applications are well known. Various such products are commercially available. There is a constant desire to formulate more sustainable detergents and further improve biodegradability of the ingredients including detergent polymers.
Hence, there was a need for providing polyamines and alkoxylated polyamines showing favourable performance in detergents like fabric and home care products and applications such as laundry etc such as washing performance in laundry but providing at the same time an increased biodegradation compared to already known commercial products.
The invention further comprises polymers as defined herein after.
The invention further comprises a process of preparing polymers as defined herein after.
The invention further comprises polymers obtainable by or obtained by the inventive process as defined herein after.
The invention further comprises polymers having an advantageous primary washing performance.
The invention further comprises the use of polymers of the present invention within the field of application of fabric and home care, industrial and institutional cleaning, cosmetics and personal care, preferably as ingredient to improve the washing performance, more preferably the primary washing performance in laundry applications, such formulations and compositions.
The objective is achieved by the embodiments defined hereinafter:
In one embodiment of the present invention inventive polymers comprise
Further embodiments are in listed in the dependent claims, and they are explained in more detail below.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the entire component b) is comprised of triacrylates and trimethacrylates mentioned above. In another embodiment, the entire component b) is comprised of diacrylates or bis-methacrylates mentioned above. In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of component a) is 10 to 35 wt. %, preferably up to 30, more preferably up to 28 and even more preferably about 25 and most preferably about 20 wt. %, of component b) is 10 to 65 wt. %, preferably up to 60 wt. %, more preferably from 15 to 55, even more preferably from 20 to 50 and most preferably from 30 to 45 wt. % such as about 40 wt. %, and of component c) is 10 to 75 wt. %, preferably from 10 to 60, more preferably from 10 to 50, even more preferably from 10 to 45, such as 25 to 50, 20 to 45 wt. % and about 40 wt. % of inventive polymer. In one embodiment of the present invention, component b) is comprised from a combination of diacrylates and tri- or tetraacrylates mentioned above, wherein the amount of tri- or tetraacrylates is at most 50 mole % of the total amount of component b), preferably at most 30 mol %, more preferably at most 20 mole %, even more preferably at most 10 mole %, such as at most 5 mole %. Inventive formulations or compositions are useful in effective amounts to remove or release solids or water-insoluble substances from surfaces and/or to disperse such substances within liquids and/or solids.
Further embodiments of the invention are the following:
In a further embodiment, such polymers comprise
In one embodiment, the amount of component a) is 10 to 35 wt. %, preferably up to 30, more preferably up to 25 and even more preferably about 20 wt. %, of component b) is 10 to 60 wt. %, preferably from 15 to 55, more preferably from 20 to 50 and even more preferably from 30 to 45 wt. % such as about 40 wt. %, and of component c) is 15 to 75 wt. %, preferably from 20 to 60, more preferably from 25 to 50 and even more preferably from 20 to 45 wt. % such as about 40 wt. %.
In one embodiment, the amount of respective tris-acrylates or higher acrylates are at most 50 mole % of the total amount of component b), preferably at most 30 mol %, more preferably at most 20 mole %, even more preferably at most 10 mole %, such as at most 5 mole %.
In one embodiment the amount of component a) is 15 to 35 wt. %, preferably up to 33, more preferably from 20 to 30 and even more preferably about 25 wt. %, of component b) is 10 to 60 wt. %, preferably from 20 to 55, more preferably from 25 to 53, even more preferably from 30 to 50 wt. %, most preferred from 40 to 50 wt. % such as about 40 wt. %, and of component c) is 15 to 75 wt. %, preferably from 20 to 55, more preferably from 23 to 50, and even more preferably up to 45 wt. % or even up to 40 wt. % such as up to 35 wt. %, and specifically about 40 wt. %.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a polymer as disclosed above is made by a process comprising the steps of
In one embodiment of the present invention, the reactions of steps A) and B) are performed independently at 50 to 150° C. at 0.5 to 5 bar pressure, preferably 50 to 110° C. at ambient pressure, more preferably at from 70° C., and even more preferably at from 80° C., such as at/from 55, 60, 65, 75, 85, 90 or 95° C., for a period of from 3 to 15 hours, preferably 5 to 12 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours, such as 7, 8 or 9 hours.
The above polymers may be applied in formulations or compositions within the field of application of fabric and home care, industrial and institutional cleaning, cosmetics, personal care, technical formulations such as paints and colours, formulations in the field of construction such as cement and cement-containing formulations and the like containing inorganic materials in the need of dispersing and or stabilizing them, and agricultural formulations, in each application preferably as dispersant to remove or release from surfaces and/or to disperse substances within liquids and/or solids.
General Process Description
The general process scheme of the inventive process is shown in
Specifically, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are shown as placeholder for alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl-groupings which may—but mostly preferably do not—contain further groups such as hydroxy-groups, amide-groups, carboxyester-groups, preferably only hydroxy-groups, and most preferably do not contain such further groups.
Each of those residuals may be chosen independently of each other as defined further below in the description of the general process:
The process employs in principle two approaches to obtain the inventive polymers, which either lead to a linear polymer or to a branched (or—depending on the degree of branching) a hyper-branched polymer:
The process starts with providing an amine compound having at least two amine groups (“A2”-monomer in
A linear polymer is obtained by reacting one or more A2-monomer(s) (a diamine) with one or more B2-monomer(s) (a diacrylate monomer) to obtain a linear polymer. This linear polymer is further reacted with B4-monomer (a mono-acrylate, preferably a hydrophilic acrylate-monomer) to obtain the functionalized polyamine of the invention. This could be further modified by alkoxylation using standard procedures and conditions (which is not shown in
The branched polymer is obtained by reacting one or more A2-monomer(s) with at least a defined amount of one or more B3-monomer(s) (an acrylate having at least three polymerizable olefinic units, e.g. a triacrylate) and optionally some of one or more B2-monomer(s) (a diacrylate monomer) to obtain a branched polymer or—with large relative amounts of B3 over B2—a hyper-branched polymer. This (hyper-)branched polymer is further reacted with one or more B4-monomer(s) (a mono-acrylate, preferably a hydrophilic acrylate-monomer) to obtain the functionalized polyamine of the invention. This could be also further modified by alkoxylation (which is not shown in
By selecting the relative amounts (the ratio) of B2-versus B3-monomer(s) and also the relative amount of B2-versus B3-monomer(s) to the amount of A2-monomer(s), the structure of the inventive polyamine polymers can be varied in a very large extent, to obtain linear polymers, slightly branched polymers to highly branched polymers such as even hyper-branched polymers.
By further selecting as A2-monomer not only diamines but also amine with more than 2 amine-groups in the molecule and by also choosing mixtures of various different amines (which may have different numbers of amine-groups in the respective molecule, i.e. choosing a mixture of diamine plus triamine) further possibilities to vary the polymer structure of the branched polymer are provided by this present invention.
The Michael-reaction of the monomers of component a) and b) as defined above can be performed in various orders to lead to linear polymers: one or more A2 could be reacted with one or more B2 in a single reaction or in stepwise reactions, such as one or more A2 plus one or more B2, then another or the same A2-monomer(s), then another or the same B2-monomer(s) etc, to finally obtain a linear polymer composed of one or more A2- and one or more B2-monomers.
The same holds true of course for the process path leading to branched polymers: one or more A2 could be reacted with B (which could be one or more B2 and/or one or more B3 provided that a certain amount of at least one B3 has to be present) in a single reaction or in stepwise reactions, such as one or more A2 plus one or more B2 and/or B3 (with at least one B3 being present in the required amounts), then another and/or the same A2-monomer(s), then another or the same B2-monomer(s) and/or B3-monomer(s) etc, to finally obtain a linear polymer composed of one or more A2- and one or more B2-monomers and/or one or more B3-monomer(s) (provided that at least one B3 is employed in the required amounts).
All of those variations and modifications as generally described before leading to polyamine polymers are encompassed by the present invention.
By further alkoxylating those polyamines a further modification leads to alkoxylated polyamines. By suitably choosing the alkoxides and mixtures of more than one alkoxide further variations of the structure are easily obtained. By reacting e.g. at first one alkoxide and then a second one a block-structure of a polyalkoxide-chain attached to the inventive polyamines can be obtained.
By such choice of alkoxides the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of such polyalkoxy-sidechains can be tuned to achieve the desired overall hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the alkoxylated polyamine of the invention.
Such polyalkoxy-chains can be of course also introduced by using as mono-acrylate-component a polyalkylene oxide-(meth)acrylate-monomer such as e.g. the Jeffamine-type monomers. Even when such polyalkylene oxide-(meth)acrylate-monomers are employed, a further alkoxylation is still a possible reaction, and such further alkoxylated polyamine comprising polyalkylene oxide-(meth)acrylate-monomers as “component c)” (as defined in Embodiment 1 and in more specificity in further Embodiments) are also encompassed by this present invention.
All of those variations and modifications as generally described before leading to polyamine polymers and alkoxylated polyamine polymers are encompassed by the present invention; the general composition of the inventive polyamines and thus also alkoxylated polyamines are described in below embodiments.
Generally, as used herein, the term “obtainable by” means that corresponding products do not necessarily have to be produced (i.e. obtained) by the corresponding method or process described in the respective specific context, but also products are comprised which exhibit all features of a product produced (obtained) by said corresponding method or process, wherein said products were actually not produced (obtained) by such method or process. However, the term “obtainable by” also comprises the more limiting term “obtained by”, i.e. products which were actually produced (obtained) by a method or process described in the respective specific context.
“Branched”/“hyper-branched” is a colloquial differentiation to distinguish the degree of branching, which depends on the starting material employed, i.e. the amount and functionalities in the starting material and their relative ratio to each other. This term has besides such general distinction between “low amount of branching” and “high amount of branching” no further differentiation in terms of chemical structure.
“Bio-degradable”, “biodegradation” with or without the addition of “as tested under standard conditions” mean the biodegradation and—if percentages are given such as “30% bio-degradation/bio-degradable” of the mentioned substance, compound or formulation, which has been determined using biodegradability tests according to ISO14851 or ISO14852 (both in water), OECD 30° F. test method, or according to ASTM D.6691 (in marine water) or according to ISO17556 (in soil); the test method—in case of differing results, and when both test conditions are applicable and possible to be used, the test according to OECD 30° F. shall be the decisive one.
The following terms—and other terms of the art not listed below—have their ordinary meaning unless specifically defined otherwise within this disclosure:
Molecular weight descriptors Mw, Mn and polydispersity (PDI as polydispersity index) of the molecular weight; pH-value; 1H-NMR.
All percentages given are weight percentages based on the total weight of that composition, formulation, dispersion, feed, mixture etc., unless specifically defined otherwise; abbreviated as “wt. %”.
Generally, as used herein, the term “obtainable by” means that corresponding products do not necessarily have to be produced (i.e. obtained) by the corresponding method or process described in the respective specific context, but also products are comprised which exhibit all features of a product produced (obtained) by said corresponding method or process, wherein said products were actually not produced (obtained) by such method or process. However, the term “obtainable by” also comprises—and preferably means—the more limiting term “obtained by”, i.e. products which were actually produced (obtained) by a method or process described in the respective specific context.
The term “about” denotes that a small deviation of the actual numerical value given is meant to be encompassed by such term: Thus, “about 50 weight %” shall also encompass plus/minus 10 percent deviation of the original value given in numbers, and hence encompass values of “from 45 to 55 weight %”, but preferably encompass plus/minus 5 percent deviation, more preferably plus/minus 3 percent deviation, even more preferably plus/minus 1 percent deviation, and accordingly within such ranges—as applicable for the beforementioned ranges—all other numbers and values in between 10 and 0 (zero), and shall most preferably only consist of the numerical value given.
The term “essentially” as used for example in “essentially in substance”, “essentially without added solvent” and “essentially all acrylate groups” shall mean that for example a reaction is performed close to completeness, i.e. close to/almost 100 percent, or that a solvent or any other group denoted with such term is (or is not) present to almost completeness/complete absence and the like uses of such term. In a preferred form “essentially” shall encompass small deviations typically present in commercial operations, for example when technical grade ingredients such as solvents etc are employed which are never “100% pure” but “technical grade”, or when values being measured show the absence of certain descriptors, such as for example in “essentially all acrylate groups have reacted (according to method X)” which means that according to method X no acrylate groups are detectable.
The polymers of the present invention may be advantageously employed in formulations or compositions within the field of application of fabric and home care, industrial and institutional cleaning, cosmetics, personal care, lacquer and colorants formulations, technical applications, agricultural formulations, in each application preferably as dispersant and/or soil release agent to release soil and other dirt from surfaces and/or disperse soil, dirt, organic and/or inorganic solid particles in a liquid or solid environment such as liquid formulations or powder formulations or within solids such as extruded and the like particles or within solid films.
In one embodiment of the present invention, inventive formulations or compositions comprise said 0.2 to 10% by weight of inventive polymer, referring to the total solids content of said formulation or composition. The total solids content is determined by drying at 150 to 200° C. to constant weight with infrared light.
Compositions for Fabric and Home Care
Such compositions and formulations include those designed for cleaning soiled material or surfaces of any kind including but not limited to laundry cleaning compositions and detergents, fabric softening compositions, fabric enhancing compositions, fabric freshening compositions, laundry prewash, laundry pretreat, laundry additives, spray products, dry cleaning agent or composition, laundry rinse additive, wash additive, post-rinse fabric treatment, ironing aid, dish washing compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, unit dose formulation, delayed delivery formulation, detergent contained on or in a porous substrate or nonwoven sheet, and other suitable forms that may be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. Such compositions may be used as a pre-laundering treatment, a post-laundering treatment, or may be added during the rinse or wash cycle of the laundering operation. The cleaning compositions may have a form selected from liquid, powder, single-phase or multi-phase unit dose, pouch, tablet, gel, paste, bar, or flake. Included are specifically the Cleaning Compositions as defined further below.
Cleaning Composition
As used herein the phrase “cleaning composition” includes compositions and formulations designed for cleaning soiled material. Such compositions include but are not limited to, laundry cleaning compositions and detergents, fabric softening compositions, fabric enhancing compositions, fabric freshening compositions, laundry prewash, laundry pretreat, laundry additives, spray products, dry cleaning agent or composition, laundry rinse additive, wash additive, post-rinse fabric treatment, ironing aid, dish washing compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, unit dose formulation, delayed delivery formulation, detergent contained on or in a porous substrate or nonwoven sheet, and other suitable forms that may be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. Such compositions may be used as a pre-laundering treatment, a post-laundering treatment, or may be added during the rinse or wash cycle of the laundering operation. The cleaning compositions may have a form selected from liquid, powder, single-phase or multi-phase unit dose, pouch, tablet, gel, paste, bar, or flake.
Preferably, the cleaning compositions of the present invention are those for the field of laundry cleaning compositions and detergents for laundry, more preferably, for primary washing within laundry applications, even more specifically, the primary washing for removal of clay-based dirty spots such as those on fabrics.
Industrial and Institutional Cleaning
Such compositions and formulations include those designed for cleaning soiled material or surfaces of any kind, such as hard surface cleaners for surfaces of any kind, including tiles, carpets, PVC-surfaces, wooden surfaces, metal surfaces, lacquered surfaces.
The cleaning compositions of the invention preferably comprise a surfactant system in an amount sufficient to provide desired cleaning properties. In some embodiments, the cleaning composition comprises, by weight of the composition, from about 1% to about 70% of a surfactant system. In other embodiments, the liquid cleaning composition comprises, by weight of the composition, from about 2% to about 60% of the surfactant system. In further embodiments, the cleaning composition comprises, by weight of the composition, from about 5% to about 30% of the surfactant system. The surfactant system may comprise a detersive surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a detersive surfactant encompasses any surfactant or mixture of surfactants that provide cleaning, stain removing, or laundering benefit to soiled material.
The cleaning compositions of the invention may also—and preferably do—contain adjunct cleaning additives (also abbreviated herein as “adjuncts”). Suitable adjunct cleaning additives include builders, structurants or thickeners, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, polymeric soil release agents, polymeric dispersing agents, polymeric grease cleaning agents, enzymes, enzyme stabilizing systems, bleaching compounds, bleaching agents, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, brighteners, dyes, hueing agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, chelating agents, suds suppressors, softeners, and perfumes.
Another subject matter of the present invention is the use of at least one inventive polymer (also named herein “inventive polymer” or sometimes “polymer (P1)” (without limiting the “inventive polymer” to only that of example 1, i.e. this term “polymer (P1)” not meaning “polymer of Example 1” but also encompassing that polymer of Example 1) in laundry detergents, in fabric and home care products and/or in cosmetic formulations, preferably in cleaning compositions and/or in fabric and home care products. The embodiments and examples as described herein further specify such claimed uses and compositions and formulations.
Another subject-matter of the present invention is, therefore, a laundry detergent, a cleaning composition, fabric and home care product and/or cosmetic formulations, comprising at least one inventive polymer as described above.
Preferably, the inventive composition is a laundry detergent, a cleaning composition and/or fabric and home care product, comprising at least one inventive polymer as described above, providing improved removal, dispersion and/or emulsification of soils and/or modification of treated surfaces.
Laundry detergents, cleaning compositions and/or fabric and home care products as such are known to a person skilled in the art. Any composition etc. known to a person skilled in the art, in connection with the respective use, can be employed within the context of the present invention. The compositions can be in any form, namely, in the form of a liquid; a solid such as a powder, granules, agglomerate, paste, tablet, pouches, bar, gel; an emulsion; types delivered in dual- or multi-compartment containers; a spray or foam detergent; premoistened wipes (i.e., the cleaning composition in combination with a nonwoven material such as that discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,165, Mackey, et al.); dry wipes (i.e., the cleaning composition in combination with a nonwoven materials, such as that discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,931, Fowler, et al.) activated with water by a consumer; and other homogeneous or multiphase consumer cleaning product forms.
At least one inventive polymer as described herein is present in said inventive compositions at a concentration of 0.05 to 20 weight %, preferably from about 0.05% to 15%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, in relation to the total weight of such composition or product.
In one preferred embodiment, the cleaning composition of the present invention is a liquid or solid laundry detergent composition. In another embodiment, the cleaning composition of the present invention is a hard surface cleaning composition that may be used for cleaning various surfaces such as hard wood, tile, ceramic, plastic, leather, metal, glass. In another embodiment, the cleaning composition is designed to be used in a personal care and pet care compositions such as shampoo composition, body wash, liquid or solid soap.
In another embodiment the cleaning composition of the invention is a dish cleaning composition, such as liquid hand dishwashing compositions, solid automatic dishwashing compositions, liquid automatic dishwashing compositions, and tab/unit dose forms of automatic dishwashing compositions.
Quite typically, cleaning compositions herein such as laundry detergents, laundry detergent additives, hard surface cleaners, synthetic and soap-based laundry bars, fabric softeners and fabric treatment liquids, solids and treatment articles of all kinds will require several adjuncts. Common cleaning adjuncts for cleaning compositions include surfactants, builders, cobuilders, dispersant polymers, dye transfer inhibiting agents, anti-redeposition agents, enzymes, suds boosters, suds suppressors (antifoams) and the like, color speckles, silver care, anti-tarnish and/or anti-corrosion agents, dyes, pigments, alkalinity sources, hydrotropes, anti-oxidants, enzyme stabilizing agents, pro-perfumes, perfumes, solubilizing agents, carriers and processing aids.
Liquid compositions additionally can comprise rheology control agents and solvents, solid compositions additionally can comprise fillers, bleaches, bleach activators and catalytic materials.
Suitable examples of such cleaning adjuncts and levels of use are found in WO 99/05242, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,282, 6,306,812 B1 and 6,326,348 B1.
The laundry detergent, the cleaning composition and/or the fabric and home care product according to the present invention preferably additionally comprise a surfactant system and, if appropriate, other adjuncts as described above. Such a surfactant system may be composed from one surfactant or from a combination of surfactants selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a surfactant system for detergents encompasses any surfactant or mixture of surfactants that provide cleaning, stain removing, or laundering benefit to soiled material.
Nonlimiting examples of anionic co-surfactants useful herein include: C9-C20 linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), C10-C20 primary, branched chain and random alkyl sulfates (AS); C10-C18 secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfates; C10-C18 alkyl alkoxy sulfates (AExS) wherein x is from 1 to 30; C10-C18 alkyl alkoxy carboxylates comprising 1 to 5 ethoxy units; mid-chain branched alkyl sulfates as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,020,303 and 6,060,443; mid-chain branched alkyl alkoxy sulfates as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,008,181 and 6,020,303; modified alkylbenzene sulfonate (MLAS) as discussed in WO 99/05243, WO 99/05242 and WO 99/05244; methyl ester sulfonate (MES); and alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS). Preferred anionic surfactants are C10-C15 linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, C10-C18 alkylethersulfates with 1-5 ethylenoxy units and C10-C18 alkylsulfates.
Non-limiting examples of nonionic co-surfactants include: C8-C18 alkyl ethoxylates, such as, NEODOL® nonionic surfactants from Shell; ethylenoxide/propylenoxide block alkoxylates as PLURONIC® from BASF; C14-C22 mid-chain branched alkyl alkoxylates, BAEx, wherein x is from 1 to 30, as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,153,577, 6,020,303 and 6,093,856; alkylpolysaccharides as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,647 Llenado, issued Jan. 26, 1986; specifically alkylpolyglycosides as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,483,780 and 4,483,779; polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,332,528; and ether capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol surfactants as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,994 and WO 01/42408.
Preferred nonionic surfactants are C12/14 and C16/18 fatty alkoholalkoxylates, C13/15 oxoalkoholalkoxylates, C13-alkoholalkoxylates, and 2-propylheptylalkoholalkoxylates with 3-15 ethoxy units or with 1-3 propoxy- and 2-15 ethoxy units.
Non-limiting examples of semi-polar nonionic surfactants include: water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl moieties and hydroxyalkyl moieties containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl moieties and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms. See WO 01/32816, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,681,704, and 4,133,779.
Preferred semi-polar nonionic co-surfactants are C8-C18 alkyl-dimethyl aminoxides and C8-C18 alkyl-di(hydroxyethyl)aminoxide.
Non-limiting examples of cationic co-surfactants include: the quaternary ammonium surfactants, which can have up to 26 carbon atoms include: alkoxylated quaternary ammonium (AQA) surfactants as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,769; dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,922; dimethyl hydroxyethyl lauryl ammonium chloride; polyamine cationic surfactants as discussed in WO 98/35002, WO 98/35003, WO 98/35004, WO 98/35005, and WO 98/35006; cationic ester surfactants as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,228,042, 4,239,660 4,260,529 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,844; and amino surfactants as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,825 and WO 00/47708, specifically amido propyldimethyl amine (APA).
In one embodiment the inventive polymers of the present invention may be utilized in laundry detergents or cleaning compositions comprising a surfactant system comprising C10-C15 alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) as the primary surfactant and one or more co-surfactants selected from nonionic, cationic, other anionic surfactants or mixtures thereof.
In a second embodiment the inventive polymers of the present invention may be utilized in laundry detergents or cleaning compositions comprising C8-C18 linear or branched alkyl ethersulfate with 3-10 ethylenoxy-units as the primary surfactant and one or more co-surfactants selected from nonionic, cationic, other anionic surfactants or mixtures thereof
In a third embodiment the inventive polymers of the present invention may be utilized in laundry detergents or cleaning compositions comprising C10-C18 alkyl ethoxylate surfactant as the primary surfactant and one or more co-surfactants selected from other nonionic, cationic, anionic surfactants or mixtures thereof.
The selection of co-surfactants in these embodiments may be dependent upon the application and the desired benefit.
The laundry formulations according to the invention can be liquid, gels, or solid compositions, solid embodiments encompassing, for example, powders and tablets. Liquid compositions are preferred and may be packaged as unit doses.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polymer according to the invention is a component of a laundry formulation (also called laundry care composition in this specification) that additionally comprises at least one surfactant, preferably at least one anionic surfactant.
Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal and ammonium salts of C8-C12-alkyl sulfates, of C12-C13-fatty alcohol ether sulfates, of C12-C13-fatty alcohol polyether sulfates, of sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated C4-C12-alkylphenols (ethoxylation: 3 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol), of C12-C18-alkylsulfonic acids, of C12-C18 sulfo fatty acid alkyl esters, for example of C12-C18 sulfo fatty acid methyl esters, of C10-C18-alkylarylsulfonic acids, preferably of n-C10-C13-alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, of C10-C18 alkyl alkoxy carboxylates and of soaps such as for example C5-C24-carboxylic acids. Preference is given to the alkali metal salts of the aforementioned compounds, particularly preferably the sodium salts.
In one embodiment of the present invention, anionic surfactants are selected from n-C10-C18-alkylbenzene sulfonic acids and from fatty alcohol polyether sulfates, which, within the context of the present invention, are in particular sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated C12-C13-alkanols (ethoxylation: 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol), preferably of n-C12-C18-alkanols.
In one embodiment of the present invention, also alcohol polyether sulfates derived from branched (i.e. synthetic) C11-C18-alkanols (ethoxylation: 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol) may be employed.
Preferably, the alkoxylation group of both types of alkoxylated alkyl sulfates, based on C12-C18-fatty alcohols or based on branched (i.e. synthetic) C11-C18-alcohols, is an ethoxylation group and an average ethoxylation degree of any of the alkoxylated alkyl sulfates is 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3.
Preferably, the laundry detergent formulation of the present invention comprises from at least 1 wt. % to 50 wt. %, preferably in the range from greater than or equal to about 2 wt. % to equal to or less than about 30 wt. %, more preferably in the range from greater than or equal to 3 wt. % to less than or equal to 25 wt. %, and most preferably in the range from greater than or equal to 5 wt. % to less than or equal to 25 wt. % of one or more anionic surfactants as described above, based on the particular overall composition, including other components and water and/or solvents.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one builder. In the context of the present invention, no distinction will be made between builders and such components elsewhere called “co-builders”. Examples of builders are complexing agents, hereinafter also referred to as complexing agents, ion exchange compounds, and precipitating agents. Builders are selected from citrate, phosphates, silicates, carbonates, phosphonates, amino carboxylates and polycarboxylates.
In the context of the present invention, the term citrate includes the mono- and the dialkali metal salts and in particular the mono- and preferably the trisodium salt of citric acid, ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of citric acid as well as citric acid. Citrate can be used as the anhydrous compound or as the hydrate, for example as sodium citrate dihydrate. Quantities of citrate are calculated referring to anhydrous trisodium citrate.
The term phosphate includes sodium metaphosphate, sodium orthophosphate, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and polyphosphates such as sodium tripolyphosphate. Preferably, however, the composition according to the invention is free from phosphates and polyphosphates, with hydrogenphosphates being subsumed, for example free from trisodium phosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate and hexasodium metaphosphate (“phosphate-free”). In connection with phosphates and polyphosphates, “free from” should be understood within the context of the present invention as meaning that the content of phosphate and polyphosphate is in total in the range from 10 ppm to 0.2% by weight of the respective composition, determined by gravimetry.
The term “carbonates” includes alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, preferred are the sodium salts. Particularly preferred is Na2CO3.
Examples of phosphonates are hydroxyalkanephosphonates and aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkanephosphonates, the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as builder. It is preferably used as sodium salt, the disodium salt being neutral and the tetrasodium salt being alkaline (pH 9). Suitable aminoalkanephosphonates are preferably ethylene diaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepenta-methylenephosphonate (DTPMP), and also their higher homologues. They are preferably used in the form of the neutrally reacting sodium salts, e.g. as hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salts of DTPMP.
Examples of amino carboxylates and polycarboxylates are nitrilotriacetates, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, diethylene triamine pentaacetate, triethylene tetraamine hexaacetate, propylene diamines tetraacetic acid, ethanol-diglycines, methylglycine diacetate, and glutamine diacetate. The term amino carboxylates and polycarboxylates also include their respective non-substituted or substituted ammonium salts and the alkali metal salts such as the sodium salts, in particular of the respective fully neutralized compound.
Silicates in the context of the present invention include in particular sodium disilicate and sodium metasilicate, alumosilicates such as for example zeolites and sheet silicates, in particular those of the formula α-Na2Si2O5, β-Na2Si2O5, and 5-Na2Si2O5.
Compositions according to the invention may contain one or more builder selected from materials not being mentioned above. Examples of builders are α-hydroxypropionic acid and oxidized starch.
In one embodiment of the present invention, builder is selected from polycarboxylates. The term “polycarboxylates” includes non-polymeric polycarboxylates such as succinic acid, C2-C16-alkyl disuccinates, C2-C16-alkenyl disuccinates, ethylene diamine N,N′-disuccinic acid, tartaric acid diacetate, alkali metal malonates, tartaric acid monoacetate, propanetricarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid and cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid.
Oligomeric or polymeric polycarboxylates are for example polyaspartic acid or in particular alkali metal salts of (meth)acrylic acid homopolymers or (meth)acrylic acid copolymers.
Suitable co-monomers are monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid and citraconic acid. A suitable polymer is in particular polyacrylic acid, which preferably has a weight-average molecular weight M, in the range from 2000 to 40 000 g/mol, preferably 2000 to 10 000 g/mol, in particular 3000 to 8000 g/mol. Further suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid and/or fumaric acid.
It is also possible to use copolymers of at least one monomer from the group consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C10-mono- or C4-C10-dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid, with at least one hydrophilically or hydrophobically modified co-monomer as listed below.
Suitable hydrophobic co-monomers are, for example, isobutene, diisobutene, butene, pentene, hexene and styrene, olefins with ten or more carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, such as, for example, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracosene and 1-hexacosene, C22-α-olefin, a mixture of C20-C24-α-olefins and polyisobutene having on average 12 to 100 carbon atoms per molecule.
Suitable hydrophilic co-monomers are monomers with sulfonate or phosphonate groups, and also non-ionic monomers with hydroxyl function or alkylene oxide groups. By way of example, mention may be made of: allyl alcohol, isoprenol, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolybutylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxypoly(propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide) (meth)acrylate, ethoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethoxypolybutylene glycol (meth)acrylate and ethoxypoly(propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide) (meth)acrylate. Polyalkylene glycols here can comprise 3 to 50, in particular 5 to 40 and especially 10 to 30 alkylene oxide units per molecule.
Particularly preferred sulfonic-acid-group-containing monomers here are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-(2-propenyloxy)propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide, and salts of said acids, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium salts thereof.
Particularly preferred phosphonate-group-containing monomers are vinylphosphonic acid and its salts.
Moreover, amphoteric polymers can also be used as builders.
Compositions according to the invention can comprise, for example, in the range from in total 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight, of builder(s), especially in the case of solid formulations. Liquid formulations according to the invention preferably comprise in the range of from 0.1 to 8% by weight of builder.
Formulations according to the invention can comprise one or more alkali carriers. Alkali carriers ensure, for example, a pH of at least 9 if an alkaline pH is desired. Of suitability are, for example, the alkali metal carbonates, the alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, and alkali metal metasilicates mentioned above, and, additionally, alkali metal hydroxides. A preferred alkali metal is in each case potassium, particular preference being given to sodium. In one embodiment of the present invention, a pH>7 is adjusted by using amines, preferably alkanolamines, more preferably triethanolamine.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the laundry formulation according to the invention comprises additionally at least one enzyme.
Useful enzymes are, for example, one or more hydrolases selected from lipases, amylases, proteases, cellulases, hemicellulases, phospholipases, esterases, pectinases, lactases and peroxidases, and combinations of at least two of the foregoing types.
Such enzyme(s) can be incorporated at levels sufficient to provide an effective amount for cleaning. The preferred amount is in the range from 0.001% to 5% of active enzyme by weight in the detergent composition according to the invention. Together with enzymes also enzyme stabilizing systems may be used such as for example calcium ions, boric acid, boronic acid, propylene glycol and short chain carboxylic acids. In the context of the present invention, short chain carboxylic acids are selected from monocarboxylic acids with 1 to 3 carbon atoms per molecule and from dicarboxylic acids with 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule. Preferred examples are formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, HOOC(CH2)3COOH, adipic acid and mixtures from at least two of the foregoing, as well as the respective sodium and potassium salts.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the laundry formulations comprise lipases and the inventive polymers are used in combination with lipases to obtain even further improvement of oily/fatty stain removal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the inventive laundry formulations do not comprise lipases.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise one or more bleaching agent (bleaches). Preferred bleaches are selected from sodium perborate, anhydrous or, for example, as the monohydrate or as the tetrahydrate or so-called dihydrate, sodium percarbonate, anhydrous or, for example, as the monohydrate, and sodium persulfate, where the term “persulfate” in each case includes the salt of the peracid H2SO5 and also the peroxodisulfate.
In this connection, the alkali metal salts can in each case also be alkali metal hydrogen carbonate, alkali metal hydrogen perborate and alkali metal hydrogen persulfate. However, the dialkali metal salts are preferred in each case.
Formulations according to the invention can comprise one or more bleach catalysts. Bleach catalysts can be selected from oxaziridinium-based bleach catalysts, bleach-boosting transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, manganese-, iron-, cobalt-, ruthenium- or molybdenum-salen complexes or carbonyl complexes. Manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium and copper complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands and also cobalt-, iron-, copper- and ruthenium-amine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
Formulations according to the invention can comprise one or more bleach activators, for example tetraacetyl ethylene diamine, tetraacetylmethylene diamine, tetraacetylglycoluril, tetraacetylhexylene diamine, acylated phenolsulfonates such as for example n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonates, N-methylmorpholinium-acetonitrile salts (“MMA salts”), trimethylammonium acetonitrile salts, N-acylimides such as, for example, N-nonanoylsuccinimide, 1,5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (“DADHT”) or nitrile quats (trimethylammonium acetonitrile salts).
Formulations according to the invention can comprise one or more corrosion inhibitors. In the present case, this is to be understood as including those compounds which inhibit the corrosion of metal. Examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors are triazoles, in particular benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles, also phenol derivatives such as, for example, hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol or pyrogallol.
In one embodiment of the present invention, formulations according to the invention comprise in total in the range from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of corrosion inhibitor.
Formulations according to the invention may also comprise further cleaning polymers and/or soil release polymers.
The additional cleaning polymers may include, without limitation, multifunctional polyethylene imines (for example BASF's Sokalan® HP20) and/or multifunctional diamines (for example BASF's Sokalan® HP96).
Multifunctional polyethylene imines according to the present invention are typically ethoxylated polyethylene imines with a weight-average molecular weight M, in the range from 3000 to 250000, preferably 5000 to 200000, more preferably 8000 to 100000, more preferably 8000 to 50000, more preferably 10000 to 30000, and most preferably 10000 to 20000 g/mol. The multifunctional polyethylene imines have 80 wt. % to 99 wt. %, preferably 85 wt. % to 99 wt. %, more preferably 90 wt. % to 98 wt. %, most preferably 93 wt. % to 97 wt. % or 94 wt. % to 96 wt. % ethylene oxide side chains, based on the total weight of the materials. Ethoxylated polyethylene imines according to the present invention are based on a polyethylene imine core and a polyethylene oxide shell. Suitable polyethylene imine core molecules are polyethylene imines with a weight-average molecular weight M, in the range of 500 to 5000 g/mol. Preferred is a molecular weight from 500 to 1000 g/mol, even more preferred is a Mw of 600 to 800 g/mol. The ethoxylated polymer then has on average 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 35 and even more preferably 20 to 35 ethylene oxide (EO) units per NH-functional group.
Multifunctional diamines according to the present invention are typically ethoxylated C2 to C12 alkylene diamines, preferably hexamethylene diamine, which are further quaternized and optionally sulfated. The multifunctional diamines have a weight-average molecular weight M, in the range from 2000 to 10000, more preferably 3000 to 8000, and most preferably 4000 to 6000 g/mol. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, ethoxylated hexamethylene diamine, furthermore quaternized and sulfated, may be employed, which contains on average 10 to 50, preferably 15 to 40 and even more preferably 20 to 30 ethylene oxide (EO) groups per NH-functional group, and which preferably bears two cationic ammonium groups and two anionic sulfate groups.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, either multifunctional polyethylene imines or multifunctional diamines according to the descriptions above may be employed to improve the stain removal ability, especially the primary detergency of particulate stains on polyester fabrics of laundry detergents.
In another embodiment of the present invention, mixtures of multifunctional polyethylene imines and multifunctional diamines according to the descriptions above may be employed to improve the stain-removal ability, especially the primary detergency of particulate stains on polyester fabrics of laundry detergents.
The multifunctional polyethylene imines or multifunctional diamines or mixtures thereof according to the descriptions above may be added to the laundry detergents and cleaning compositions in amounts of generally from 0.05 to 15 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 10 wt. % and more preferably from 0.25 to 5 wt. %, based on the particular overall composition, including other components and water and/or solvents.
Thus, one aspect of the present invention is a laundry detergent composition, in particular a liquid laundry detergent, comprising (i) at least one inventive polymer and (ii) at least one polymer selected from multifunctional polyethylene imines or multifunctional diamines or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the at least one inventive polymer and (ii) the at least one polymer selected from multifunctional polyethylene imines or multifunctional diamines or mixtures thereof, is from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably from 5:1 to 1:5 and more preferably from 3:1 to 1:3.
Laundry formulations comprising the inventive polymer may also comprise at least one antimicrobial agent.
Antimicrobial agents may be selected from the list consisting of 2-phenoxyethanol (CAS-no. 122-99-6.) and 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether (CAS: 3380-30-1), and combinations thereof.
The 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether may be used as a solution, for example a solution of 30 wt. % of 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether in 1,2-propyleneglycol.
The inventive laundry formulation may comprise at least one antimicrobial agent from the above list and/or a combination thereof, and/or a combination with at least one further antimicrobial agent not listed here.
The antimicrobial agent may be added to the inventive laundry formulation in a concentration of 0.0001 wt. % to 10 wt. % relative to the total weight of the composition.
Preferably, the formulation contains 2-phenoxyethanol in a concentration of 0.01 wt. % to 5 wt. %, more preferably 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % and/or 4,4′-dichloro 2-hydroxydiphenyl ether in a concentration of 0.001 wt. % to 1 wt. %, more preferably 0.002 wt. % to 0.6 wt. % (in all cases relative to the total weight of the composition).
Formulations according to the invention may comprise at least one additional surfactant, selected from non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants and from zwitterionic surfactants:
Non-Ionic and Amphoteric Surfactants
Examples of (additional) surfactants are in particular non-ionic surfactants. Preferred non-ionic surfactants are alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols, di- and multiblock copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and reaction products of sorbitan with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, furthermore alkylphenol ethoxylates, alkyl glycosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (glucamides). Examples of (additional) amphoteric surfactants are so-called amine oxides.
Preferred examples of alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are, for example, compounds of the general formula (1)
in which the variables are defined as follows:
Here, compounds of the general formula (1) may be block copolymers or random copolymers, preference being given to block copolymers.
Other preferred examples of alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are, for example, compounds of the general formula (II)
in which the variables are defined as follows:
Preferably, at least one of a and b is greater than zero.
Here, compounds of the general formula (II) may be block copolymers or random copolymers, preference being given to block copolymers.
Further suitable non-ionic surfactants are selected from di- and multiblock copolymers, composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Further suitable non-ionic surfactants are selected from ethoxylated or propoxylated sorbitan esters. Alkylphenol ethoxylates or alkyl polyglycosides or polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (glucamides) are likewise suitable. An overview of suitable further non-ionic surfactants can be found in EP-A 0 851 023 and in DE-A 198 19 187.
Mixtures of two or more different non-ionic surfactants may also be present.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants are so-called amine oxides, such as lauryl dimethyl amine oxide (“lauramine oxide”).
Zwitterionic Surfactants
Examples of zwitterionic surfactants are C12-C15-alkylbetaines and sulfobetaines.
Formulations according to the invention may also comprise water and additional organic solvents, e.g. ethanol or propylene glycol.
Further optional ingredients may be but are not limited to viscosity modifiers, cationic surfactants, foam boosting or foam reducing agents, perfumes, dyes, optical brighteners, and dye transfer inhibiting agents.
(b) Manual Dish Wash Detergents
Another aspect of the present invention is also a manual dish wash detergent formulation, comprising at least one inventive polymer as described above.
Thus, an aspect of the present invention is also the use of the inventive polymer as described above, in manual dish wash applications.
Manual dish wash detergents according to the invention can be in the form of a liquid, semi-liquid, cream, lotion, gel, or solid composition, solid embodiments encompassing, for example, powders and tablets. Liquid compositions are preferred. The detergents are intended for use in liquid form for direct or indirect application onto dishware.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the inventive polymer is one component of a manual dish wash formulation that additionally comprises at least one surfactant, preferably at least one anionic surfactant.
Preferably the composition is formulated to provide superior grease cleaning (degreasing) properties, long-lasting suds and improved viscosity control at decreased temperature exposures. Optional further benefits include soil removal, shine, and hand care.
Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal and ammonium salts of C5-C12-alkyl sulfates, of C12-C18-fatty alcohol ether sulfates, of C12-C18-fatty alcohol polyether sulfates, of sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated C4-C12-alkylphenols (ethoxylation: 3 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol), of C12-C18-alkylsulfonic acids, of C12-C18 sulfo fatty acid alkyl esters, for example of C12-C18 sulfo fatty acid methyl esters, of C10-C18-alkylarylsulfonic acids, preferably of n-C10-C18-alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, of C10-C18 alkyl alkoxy carboxylates and of soaps such as for example C5-C24-carboxylic acids. Preference is given to the alkali metal salts of the aforementioned compounds, particularly preferably the sodium salts.
In one embodiment of the present invention, anionic surfactants are selected from n-C10-C18-alkylbenzene sulfonic acids and from fatty alcohol polyether sulfates, which, within the context of the present invention, are in particular sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated C12-C18-alkanols (ethoxylation: 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol), preferably of n-C12-C18-alkanols.
In one embodiment of the present invention, also alcohol polyether sulfates derived from branched (i.e. synthetic) C11-C18-alkanols (ethoxylation: 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide/mol) may be employed.
Preferably, the alkoxylation group of both types of alkoxylated alkyl sulfates, based on C12-C18-fatty alcohols or based on branched (i.e. synthetic) C11-C18-alcohols, is an ethoxylation group and an average ethoxylation degree of any of the alkoxylated alkyl sulfates is 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3.
Preferably, the manual dish wash detergent formulation of the present invention comprises from at least 1 wt. % to 50 wt. %, preferably in the range from greater than or equal to about 3 wt. % to equal to or less than about 35 wt. %, more preferably in the range from greater than or equal to 5 wt. % to less than or equal to 30 wt. %, and most preferably in the range from greater than or equal to 5 wt. % to less than or equal to 20 wt. % of one or more anionic surfactants as described above, based on the particular overall composition, including other components and water and/or solvents.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one amphoteric surfactant. Examples of amphoteric surfactants are amine oxides. Preferred amine oxides are alkyl dimethyl amine oxides or alkyl amido propyl dimethyl amine oxides, more preferably alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and especially coco dimethyl amino oxides. Amine oxides may have a linear or mid-branched alkyl moiety. Typical linear amine oxides include water-soluble amine oxides containing one R1═C8-18 alkyl moiety and two R2 and R3 moieties selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl groups and C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl groups. Preferably, the amine oxide is characterized by the formula
R1—N(R2)(R3)—O
wherein R1 is a C8-18 alkyl and R2 and R3 are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and 3-hydroxypropyl. The linear amine oxide surfactants in particular may include linear C10-C18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and linear C8-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides. Preferred amine oxides include linear Cao, linear Cao-C12, and linear C12-C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides. As used herein, “mid-branched” means that the amine oxide has one alkyl moiety having n1 carbon atoms with one alkyl branch on the alkyl moiety having n2 carbon atoms. The alkyl branch is located on the alpha carbon from the nitrogen on the alkyl moiety. This type of branching for the amine oxide is also known in the art as an internal amine oxide. The total sum of n1 and n2 is from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20, and more preferably from 10 to 16. The number of carbon atoms for the one alkyl moiety (n1) should be approximately the same number of carbon atoms as the one alkyl branch (n2) such that the one alkyl moiety and the one alkyl branch are symmetric. As used herein “symmetric” means that (n1-n2) is less than or equal to 5, preferably 4, most preferably from 0 to 4 carbon atoms in at least 50 wt. %, more preferably at least 75 wt. % to 100 wt. % of mid-branched amine oxides for use herein. The amine oxide further comprises two moieties, independently selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, a C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group, or a polyethylene oxide group containing an average of from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups. Preferably the two moieties are selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, more preferably both are methyl.
The manual dish wash detergent composition of the invention preferably comprises from 1 wt. % to 15 wt. %, preferably from 2 wt. % to 12 wt. %, more preferably from 3 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the composition of an amphoteric surfactant, preferably an amine oxide surfactant. Preferably the composition of the invention comprises a mixture of the anionic surfactants and alkyl dimethyl amine oxides in a weight ratio of less than about 10:1, more preferably less than about 8:1, more preferably from about 5:1 to about 2:1.
Addition of the amphoteric surfactant provides good foaming properties in the detergent composition.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one zwitterionic surfactant. Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include betaines, such as alkyl betaines, alkylamidobetaine, amidazoliniumbetaine, sulfobetaine (INCI Sultaines) as well as the phosphobetaines. Examples of suitable betaines and sulfobetaines are the following (designated in accordance with INCI): Almondamidopropyl of betaines, Apricotam idopropyl betaines, Avocadamidopropyl of betaines, Babassuamidopropyl of betaines, Behenam idopropyl betaines, Behenyl of betaines, Canolam idopropyl betaines, Capryl/Capram idopropyl betaines, Carnitine, Cetyl of betaines, Cocamidoethyl of betaines, Cocam idopropyl betaines, Cocam idopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Coco betaines, Coco Hydroxysultaine, Coco/Oleam idopropyl betaines, Coco Sultaine, Decyl of betaines, Dihydroxyethyl Oleyl Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Soy Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Stearyl Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Tallow Glycinate, Dimethicone Propyl of PG-betaines, Erucam idopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Hydrogenated Tallow of betaines, Isostearam idopropyl betaines, Lauram idopropyl betaines, Lauryl of betaines, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine, Lauryl Sultaine, Milkam idopropyl betaines, Minkamidopropyl of betaines, Myristam idopropyl betaines, Myristyl of betaines, Oleam idopropyl betaines, Oleam idopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Oleyl of betaines, Olivamidopropyl of betaines, Palmam idopropyl betaines, Palm itam idopropyl betaines, Palmitoyl Carnitine, Palm Kernelam idopropyl betaines, Polytetrafluoroethylene Acetoxypropyl of betaines, Ricinoleam idopropyl betaines, Sesam idopropyl betaines, Soyam idopropyl betaines, Stearam idopropyl betaines, Stearyl of betaines, Tallowam idopropyl betaines, Tallowam idopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Tallow of betaines, Tallow Dihydroxyethyl of betaines, Undecylenam idopropyl betaines and Wheat Germam idopropyl betaines.
A preferred betaine is, for example, Cocoamidopropylbetaine. The zwitterionic surfactant preferably is a betaine surfactant, more preferable a Cocoamidopropylbetaine surfactant.
The manual dish wash detergent composition of the invention optionally comprises from 1 wt. % to 15 wt. %, preferably from 2 wt. % to 12 wt. %, more preferably from 3 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the composition of a zwitterionic surfactant, preferably a betaine surfactant.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the manual dish wash formulations contain at least one amphoteric surfactant, preferably an amine oxide, or at least one zwitterionic surfactant, preferably a betaine, or mixtures thereof, to aid in the foaming, detergency, and/or mildness of the detergent composition.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one cationic surfactant. Examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium surfactants, preferably selected from mono C6-C16, more preferably C6-C10 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactants, wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
Another preferred cationic surfactant is a C6-18 alkyl or alkenyl ester of a quaternary ammonium alcohol, such as quaternary chlorine esters.
Cationic surfactants, when present in the composition, are present in an effective amount, more preferably from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.2 wt. % to 2 w.t % of the composition.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one non-ionic surfactant. Preferred non-ionic surfactants are alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols, di- and multiblock copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and reaction products of sorbitan with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, furthermore alkylphenol ethoxylates, alkyl glycosides and polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (glucamides).
Preferred examples of alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are, for example, compounds of the general formula (1)
in which the variables are defined as follows:
Here, compounds of the general formula (1) may be block copolymers or random copolymers, preference being given to block copolymers.
Other preferred examples of alkoxylated alcohols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols are, for example, compounds of the general formula (II)
in which the variables are defined as follows:
Preferably, at least one of a and b is greater than zero.
Here, compounds of the general formula (II) may be block copolymers or random copolymers, preference being given to block copolymers.
Further suitable non-ionic surfactants are selected from di- and multiblock copolymers, composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Further suitable non-ionic surfactants are selected from ethoxylated or propoxylated sorbitan esters. Alkylphenol ethoxylates or alkyl polyglycosides or polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (glucamides) are likewise suitable. An overview of suitable further non-ionic surfactants can be found in EP-A 0 851 023 and in DE-A 198 19 187.
Mixtures of two or more different non-ionic surfactants may also be present.
Highly preferred non-ionic surfactants are the condensation products of Guerbet alcohols with from 2 to 18 moles, preferably 2 to 15, more preferably 5-12 of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Other preferred non-ionic surfactants for use herein include fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylpolyglucosides and fatty acid glucamides.
The manual hand dish detergent composition of the present invention may comprise from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, preferably from 0.3 wt. % to 5 wt. %, more preferably from 0.4 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the composition, of a linear or branched alkoxylated non-ionic Cao-alkyl surfactant having an average degree of alkoxylation of from 2 to 6, preferably from 3 to 5. Preferably, the linear or branched C10 alkoxylated non-ionic surfactant is a branched Cao-alkyl ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 2 to 6, preferably of from 3 to 5.
Preferably, the composition comprises from 60 wt. % to 100 wt. %, preferably from 80 wt. % to 100 wt. %, more preferably 100 wt. % of the total linear or branched C10 alkoxylated non-ionic surfactant of the branched C10 ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant. The linear or branched C10 alkoxylated non-ionic surfactant preferably is a 2-propylheptyl ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 5. The use of a 2-propylheptyl ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 5 leads to improved foam levels and long-lasting suds.
Thus, one aspect of the present invention is a manual dish wash detergent composition, in particular a liquid manual dish wash detergent composition, comprising (i) at least one inventive polymer, and (ii) at least one further 2-propylheptyl ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 5.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one hydrotrope in an effective amount, to ensure the compatibility of the liquid manual dish wash detergent compositions with water.
Suitable hydrotropes for use herein include anionic hydrotropes, particularly sodium, potassium, and ammonium xylene sulfonate, sodium, potassium and ammonium toluene sulfonate, sodium, potassium, and ammonium cumene sulfonate, and mixtures thereof, and related compounds, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,915,903.
The liquid manual dish wash detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.1 wt. % to 15 wt. % of the total liquid detergent composition of a hydrotrope, or mixtures thereof, preferably from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, most preferably from 2 wt. % to 5 wt. % of the total liquid manual dish wash composition.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one organic solvent.
Examples of organic solvents are C4-C14 ethers and diethers, glycols, alkoxylated glycols, C6-C16 glycol ethers, alkoxylated aromatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, aliphatic branched alcohols, alkoxylated aliphatic branched alcohols, alkoxylated linear C1-C5 alcohols, linear C1-C5 alcohols, amines, C8-C14 alkyl and cycloalkyl hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
When present, the liquid detergent compositions will contain from 0.01 wt. % to 20 wt. %, preferably from 0.5 wt. % to 15 wt. %, more preferably from 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, even more preferably from 1 wt. % to 5 wt. % of the liquid detergent composition of a solvent. These solvents may be used in conjunction with an aqueous liquid carrier, such as water, or they may be used without any aqueous liquid carrier being present. At higher solvent systems, the absolute values of the viscosity may drop but there is a local maximum point in the viscosity profile.
The compositions herein may further comprise from 30 w.t % to 90 wt. % of an aqueous liquid carrier, comprising water, in which the other essential and optional ingredients are dissolved, dispersed or suspended. More preferably the compositions of the present invention comprise from 45 wt. % to 85 wt. %, even more preferably from 60 wt. % to 80 wt. % of the aqueous liquid carrier. The aqueous liquid carrier, however, may contain other materials which are liquid, or which dissolve in the liquid carrier, at ambient temperature (25° C.) and which may also serve some other function besides that of an inert filler.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one electrolyte.
Suitable electrolytes are preferably selected from inorganic salts, even more preferably selected from monovalent salts, most preferably sodium chloride.
The liquid manual dish wash compositions according to the invention may comprise from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, preferably from 0.2 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the composition of an electrolyte.
Manual dish wash formulations comprising the inventive polymer may also comprise at least one antimicrobial agent.
The antimicrobial agent may be selected from the list consisting of 2-phenoxyethanol (CAS-no. 122-99-6.) and 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether (CAS: 3380-30-1), and combinations thereof.
The 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether may be used as a solution, for example a solution of 30 wt. % of 4,4′-dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether in 1,2-propyleneglycol, e. g. Tinosan® HP 100 available from BASF.
The inventive hand dish wash formulation may comprise at least one antimicrobial agent from the above list and/or a combination thereof, and/or a combination with at least one further antimicrobial agent not listed here.
The antimicrobial agent may be added to the inventive hand dish wash formulation in a concentration of 0.0001 wt. % to 10 wt. % relative to the total weight of composition. Preferably, the formulation contains 2-phenoxyethanol in a concentration of 0.01 wt. % to 5 wt. %, more preferably 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % and/or 4,4′-dichloro 2-hydroxydiphenyl ether in a concentration of 0.001 wt. % to 1 wt. %, more preferably 0.002 wt. % to 0.6 wt. % (in all cases relative to the total weight of the composition).
Compositions according to the invention may comprise at least one additional ingredient. Examples of additional ingredients are such as but not limited to conditioning polymers, cleaning polymers, surface modifying polymers, soil flocculating polymers, rheology modifying polymers, enzymes, structurants, builders, chelating agents, cyclic diamines, structurants, emollients, humectants, skin rejuvenating actives, carboxylic acids, scrubbing particles, bleach and bleach activators, perfumes, malodor control agents, pigments, dyes, opacifiers, beads, pearlescent particles, microcapsules, antibacterial agents, pH adjusters including NaOH and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamines, buffering means, and divalent salts including divalent salts comprising magnesium and calcium cations.
The liquid manual dish wash detergent composition may have any suitable pH-value. Preferably the pH of the composition is adjusted to between 4 and 14. More preferably the composition has a pH of from 6 to 13, even more preferably from 6 to 10, most preferably from 7 to 9. The pH of the composition can be adjusted using pH modifying ingredients known in the art and is measured as a 10 wt. % product concentration in demineralised water at 25° C. For example, NaOH may be used and the actual wt. % of NaOH may be varied and trimmed up to the desired pH such as pH 8.0. In one embodiment of the present invention, a pH>7 is adjusted by using amines, preferably alkanolamines, more preferably triethanolamine.
The compositions of the present invention preferably have a viscosity of from 50 to 4000 mPa*s, more preferably from 100 to 2000 mPa*s, and most preferably from 500 to 1500 mPa*s at 20 1/s and 20° C.
Compositions according to the invention can be used for washing dishware. Said method of washing dishes comprises the step of applying the composition, preferably in liquid form, onto the dishware surface, either directly or by means of a cleaning implement, i.e., in neat form. The composition is applied directly onto the surface to be treated and/or onto a cleaning device or implement such as a dish cloth, a sponge or a dish brush without undergoing major dilution (immediately) prior to the application. The cleaning device or implement is preferably wet before or after the composition is delivered to it. In the method of the invention, the composition can also be applied in diluted form.
Both neat and dilute application give rise to superior cleaning performance, i.e. the formulations of the invention containing the inventive polymer exhibit excellent degreasing properties. The effort of removing fat and/or oily soils from the dishware is decreased due to the presence of the inventive polymer, even when the level of surfactant used is lower than in conventional compositions.
In a preferred embodiment the polymer according to the present invention is used in a laundry detergent. Liquid laundry detergents according to the present invention are composed of:
Preferred liquid laundry detergents according to the present invention are composed of:
Solid laundry detergents (like e.g. powders, granules or tablets) according to the present invention are composed of:
Preferred solid laundry detergents according to the present invention are composed of:
The at least one inventive polymer may be added to such formulation(s) in suitable amounts as outlined herein.
Further application areas for which the inventive polymers are suitable include the following:
Cosmetics, Personal Care
Such compositions and formulations include shampoos, lotions, gels, sprays, soap, make-up powder, lipsticks, hairspray.
Lacquer and Colorants Formulations
Such compositions and formulations include non-water- and—preferably—water-based lacquer and colourants, paints, finishings.
Technical Applications
Such compositions and formulations include glues of any kind, non-water and—preferably—water-based liquid formulations or solid formulations.
Agricultural Formulations
Such compositions and formulations include formulations and compositions containing actives within a liquid or solid environment.
The following examples shall further illustrate the present invention without restricting the scope of the present invention.
Synthesis
Step A.1: A four-neck-round-bottom flask was charged with trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, (average molecular weight Mn 692 g/mol; CAS 28961-43-5; 32.5 g, 0.04697 mol) int a mixture of water (36.65 g) and methanol (36.65 g). N,N′-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine (CAS 10563-26-5; 16.37 g, 0.09393 mol) was added slowly to the reaction mixture, stirred at about 100° C. for 17 h, and afterwards cooled down. In 1H-NMR no acrylate peak signal could be detected and thus the acrylate was reacted as far as detectable by this method.
Step B.1: Then, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (average Mn 950 g/mol; CAS 26915-72-0; 22.31, 0.02348 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to react for 17 hours at about 100° C. Inventive polymer P1 was obtained. K-value (water): 16.6, GPC with 0.05 Wt. % ammonium acetate in HFIP (hexafluoroisopropanol): Mn=6440 g/mol, Mw=26700 g/mol, PDI (Mw/Mn)=4.1.
Step A.2: A four-neck-round-bottom flask was charged with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (average molecular weight Mn 575 g/mol, CAS 26570-48-9; 18.5 g, 0.03217 mol) was brought in a mixture of water (20.8 g) and methanol (20.8 g). N,N′-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine (CAS 10563-26-5; 8.4 g, 0.04826 mol) was added slowly to the reaction mixture, stirred at 100° C. for 17 h, and then cooled down. In 1H-NMR no acrylate peak signal could be detected, and thus the acrylate was reacted as far as detectable by this method.
Step B.2: Then poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, average molecular weight Mn950 g/mol, CAS 26915-72-0; 15.28 g, 0.01609 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to react for 17 hours under reflux. Inventive polymer P2 was obtained. K-value (water): 17.0, GPC with 0.05 Wt. % ammonium acetate in HFIP: Mn=9210 g/mol, Mw=30200 g/mol, PDI (Mw/Mn)=3.3.
The general composition and the anayltical data (and thus also stability) of the resulting polymers are shown in Table 5.
Following the above same synthesis procedures (as outlined in Example 1 and Example 2) and using the amounts shown in the Table 4, similar inventive polymers were synthesized (Table 4). These polymers also behaved in the similar way for laundry washing test, biodegradability test and hydrolysis stability test respectively as shown below for Examples 1 and 2.
Polymer P1: solids content 34 wt. %; final product solution pH is 9.6. The K-value showed no change over 6 months period. Polymer P2 showed a minimal change over time (a slight increase which deviation is within the error of measurement of the measurements).
Application Test
The washing performance for the selected polymers was determined as follows.
The L*, a* b* values of the single stains are measured before wash with a MACH 5 from OFT/Colour consult. Then the fabrics are washed together with cotton ballast fabric and 20 steel balls at 30° C. in detergent formulation with the selected polymers. After the wash the fabrics are rinsed, spin-dried and dried in the air.
The washing performance for the single stains is determined by measuring the L*, a* b* values with a MACH 5 from CFT/Colour consult after drying. The dE value is calculated from the single values before and after wash. The higher the value, the better the performance.
1) CFT-P-H 145, polyester fabric soiled with tennis court clay
2) CFT-KC-H 018, cotton fabric soiled with ground soil
1)2) Producer: Center for Testmaterials BV, NL-3130 AC Vlaardingen
Testing on Biodegradation
Biodegradability was analyzed for the polymers P1 and P2 in wastewater. Results shows Polymer P1 is bio-degradable to 63% and Polymer P2 are bio-degradable ˜72% after 28 days using the OECD 30° F. test method (see also
Samples were tested in triplicate and compared to glucose as a positive control (more than 60%).
Hydrolysis Stability
The hydrolysis stability was analyzed via React-IR, at 5% polymer solution in water, with pH adjusted to about 7 with citric acid and monitored with FTIR for 24 hrs. As can be seen in
(The calibration was carried out with PMMA standards from PSS with molecular weights from M=800 to M=2,200,000. The values outside this elution range were extrapolated.)
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20214253.5 | Dec 2020 | EP | regional |
| 21170207.1 | Apr 2021 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/084789 | 12/8/2021 | WO |
