Patent Application
20230416954
The invention relates to a biodegradable yarn with an increased flame resistance. Further, the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a biodegradable yarn with an increased flame resistance.
Today approximately 110 million tons of yarn are produced annually. The production is expected to increase to almost 130 million tons per year by 2025. While the production of cotton and wool yarn remained stable in the last 40 years, the amount of yarn made of synthetic material fibres, especially of polyester fibres has greatly increased in the same time from approximately 10 million tons per year in 1980 to almost 80 million tons per year in 2020. As yarn made of synthetic fibres is not biodegradable, discarded textiles made of such yarn constitute an ever-increasing ecological problem.
Hence, in recent years, the interest in biodegradable yarn has increased. While there are many biodegradable yarns available today, one major problem remains for applications where an increased flame resistance is needed, as production of flame resistant yarn relies on the treatment of the fibres or of the yarn with flame retardants which are not biodegradable, as they usually rely on inorganic compounds (such as e.g. metal oxides), organohalogen compounds (e.g. comprising bromine) or organophosphorus compounds.
Further, other solutions to increase the flame resistance of yarn are known, such as e.g. disclosed in CN 107805870 to Zhejiang Dunnu United Ind. Co. Ltd. This document discloses a core yarn with a core of viscose fibres which is wrapped by fibres of a polyester. However, the yarn disclosed by this document is not biodegradable.
Hence, as of today, no biodegradable yarn with an increased flame resistance is known in the art.
It is the object of the invention to create a biodegradable yarn which exhibits an increased flame resistance.
The solution of the invention is specified by the features of claim 1. According to the invention the biodegradable yarn comprises from 25 to 55 weight-%, preferably from 35 to 45 weight-% of viscose fibres or of viscose filaments and from 45 to 65 weight-%, preferably from 50 to 60 weight-%, most preferably 55 weight-% of polybutylene succinate fibres. The viscose fibres or filaments are preferably free of chlorine.
The combination of viscose and polybutylene succinate yields a yarn which has an increased flame resistance and which fulfils the criteria for the class B1 according to the norm DIN 4102-1 and EN 13501-1.
Both viscose and polybutylene succinate are completely biodegradable, such that the yarn itself may also be completely biodegraded. By using a chlorine free viscose the impact of the yarn on the environment can further be considerably reduced. The yarn further exhibits a breaking load of 6 N and a maximal elongation of approximately 13%.
Preferably, the viscose and/or the polybutylene succinate used for the biodegradable yarn are certified under the Cradle to Cradle™ products program.
Preferably, the yarn further comprises from 5 to 15 weight-%, preferably 10 weight-% of fibres of a co-polyester, preferably of a co-polyester which is free of antimony. The co-polyester preferably is biodegradable.
Preferably, the yarn comprises viscose filaments which act as core of the yarn. The fibres of polybutylene succinate and—if present—the fibres of co-polyester are wrapped around said core. Preferably, the yarn comprises multiple viscose filaments which act as core. The multiple viscose filaments may be twisted together or alternatively arranged next to one another to form the core. If the yarn comprises fibres of co-polyester, then said fibres are mixed with the fibres of polybutylene succinate. The fibres of polybutylene succinate and—if present—the fibres of co-polyester are provided as staple fibres which are spun around the core.
In an alternatively preferred embodiment, the yarn comprises viscose fibres. Both the viscose fibres and the polybutylene succinate fibres are provided as staple fibres so that the yarn is a staple fibre yarn. In this case, preferably the yarn does not comprise a co-polyester.
Preferably the viscose fibres and/or the polybutylene succinate fibres have an average length of from 25 to 45 mm, preferably from 30 to 40 mm, most preferably of 38 mm.
Use of fibres with an average length, which is also known as staple length, yields a yarn which is suitable for diverse textile applications, such as the production of fabrics for furniture, garments, curtains, tapestry and even work-wear. Textiles produced with the inventive yarn may exhibit an abrasive resistance of up to 80′000 Martindale as well as being highly crease-resistant.
Preferably, the yarn has a twist per meter of at least 400, preferably of at least 600. It was found that provision of such a twist increases the flame resistance of the yarn, such that the criteria for the class B1 according to the norm DIN 4102-1 and EN 13501-1 may even be surpassed.
Preferably, the polybutylene succinate is of organic origin. This means that the precursors of the polybutylene succinate, namely 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid have been obtained from glucose and not from crude oil through petrochemical methods.
The yarn preferably has a linear density of at least 13 gram per 1000 m (130 dtex), more preferably of at least 16 gram per 1000 m (160 dtex).
Preferably, the yarn further comprises at least one dye. The at least one dye preferably is a reactive dye which is biodegradable.
The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a biodegradable yarn with an increased flame resistance, especially a biodegradable yarn as disclosed above.
In the inventive method from 25 to 55 weight-%, preferably from 35 to 45 weight-% of staple fibres or filaments of viscose and from 45 to 65 weight-%, preferably from 50 to 60 weight-%, most preferably 55 weight-% of staple fibres of polybutylene succinate are spun to the yarn.
Both viscose and polybutylene succinate are biodegradable, such that the yarn obtained by the inventive method is entirely biodegradable, too.
The yarn preferably is spun by ring spinning. Alternatively, the yarn may be spun by means of compact spinning, of rotor spinning or air-jet spinning.
Filaments of polybutylene succinate are preferably mechanically stretched to an elongation of at least 300% prior to being ripped to form the staple fibres of polybutylene succinate. The stretching preferably is performed with a tension of at least 40 MPa. I.e. the staple fibres of polybutylene succinate used in the inventive method are produced by ripping polybutylene succinate filaments after these filaments have been mechanically stretched.
Preferably, the filaments are stretched to an elongation of at least 350%, most preferably of 370%. Further preferably, the stretching is performed with a tension of at least 45 MPa, most preferably of 46 MPa.
The filaments are hence stretched from their original length to at least three times this original length.
It has been observed that the stretching step of the polybutylene succinate filaments further increases the flame resistance of the yarn obtained by the method. It is believed that the mechanical stretching positively influences the melting point of the polybutylene fibres which are formed from the stretched polybutylene filaments.
Preferably, staple fibres of viscose are used and the yarn obtained by the inventive method is a staple yarn.
In an alternatively preferred embodiment, filaments of viscose are used which are arranged to a filament core around which the polybutylene succinate fibres are spun. The yarn obtained with this embodiment of the inventive method therefore is a core yarn.
Preferably, in this embodiment, from 5 to 15 weight-%, more preferably 10 weight-% of fibres of a co-polyester, preferably of a co-polyester which is free of antimony are admixed to the fibres of polybutylene succinate prior to spinning of the yarn. The co-polyester is preferably not admixed when staple fibres of viscose are used to produce a staple yarn.
It was found that the addition of co-polyester allows an increase of the melting temperature of the yarn. Further, addition of co-polyester yields a yarn which is easier to dye.
Preferably, the yarn is spun to a twist per meter of at least 400, preferably of at least 600. Using such a twist results in a further increase of the flame resistance of the yarn obtained by the inventive method.
Preferably, the yarn is subsequently dyed, preferably with a biodegradable reactive dye. This allows to produce a yarn of a specific colour. Use of a biodegradable reactive dye further reduces the environmental impact of the yarn produced by the inventive method.
Other advantageous embodiments and combinations of features come out from the detailed description below and the entirety of the claims.
As used throughout the present disclosure, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “or” encompasses all possible combinations, except where infeasible. For example, the expression “A or B” shall mean A alone, B alone, or A and B together. If it is stated that a component includes “A, B, or C”, then, unless specifically stated otherwise or infeasible, the component may include A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C. Expressions such as “at least one of” do not necessarily modify an entirety of the following list and do not necessarily modify each member of the list, such that “at least one of “A, B, and C” should be understood as including not only one of A, only one of B, only one of C, or any combination of A, B, and C.
A yarn according to the present invention as well as three yarns belonging to the state of the art were compared in view of their flammability. For this comparative test, a strap of each of the four yarns was hung from a horizontal bar, wherein an identical weight was attached to each strap at its lower end. The vertical length of the strap from the horizontal bar was 28cm. Subsequently, about 2cm at the lower end of each strap were subjected to the flame of a Bunsen burner (Labflame RF of Biotool) for 8 seconds at a temperature of 960° C.
The yarn according to the present invention comprised 45 weight-% of viscose staple fibre 38 mm totally chlorine free and 55 weight-% of organic polybutylene succinate 38 mm. The fibres were wound to a density of 16.7 gram per 1000 m (167 DTEX).
The time until ignition of each of the straps as well as the duration of the subsequent burning of the yarns was measured until complete extinction of each yarn. Finally, the vertical length of each of the yarns was measured after 8 seconds.
The following yarns were used as comparison to the inventive yarn:
The time to ignition of the four filaments was measured twice. The result was as follows (in seconds):
It is apparent that the inventive yarn is equally flame resistant as the treated polyester while being biodegradable. The other biodegradable yarns exhibited a much quicker ignition.
The burning time the yarn for each of the ignition measurements above was measured and was as follows (in seconds):
The burning time until complete extinction of the inventive yarn was found to be even shorter compared to the treated polyester yarn. As is apparent from the table above, the burning time of the inventive yarn is significantly shorter than for any of the yarns with a comparable biodegradability.
The remaining vertical length of each of the yarn straps was measured after 8 seconds (in mm):
Again, the inventive yarn yields better results than the polyester which was specifically treated for low flammability. Further, the difference to the other biodegradable yarns tested was found to be very significant.
In summary, the inventive yarn yields comparable good results in view of low flammability as a polyester yarn which has been specifically treated with flame retardant chemicals. In comparison to the latter, the inventive yarn is, however, fully biodegradable. The low flammability of the inventive yarn compared to other biodegradable yarns according to the state of the art was found to be significant.
Since the invention(s) described in detail above are examples of embodiments, they can be modified to a wide extent by the skilled person in the usual manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the mechanical arrangements and the proportions of the individual elements with respect to each other are merely exemplary. Some preferred embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention have been disclosed above. The invention is not limited to the solutions explained above, but the innovative solutions can be applied in different ways within the limits set out by the claims.
This application is a national phase application of International Application No. PCT/EP2020/081639, filed on Nov. 10, 2020, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/081639 | 11/10/2020 | WO |
