BIOENGINEERED VOCAL FOLD MUCOSA FOR FUNCTIONAL VOICE RESTORATION

Abstract
An engineered vocal fold mucosa, including an engineered lamina propria layer and an engineered squamous epithelium layer, is disclosed. The engineered lamina propria is made by seeding and culturing human vocal fold fibroblasts within a polymerized collagen scaffold, and the engineered squamous epithelium is made by culturing human vocal fold epithelial cells on the scaffold surface. The resulting engineered vocal fold mucosa is not immunogenic, and is capable of exhibiting the vibratory function and acoustic output of a native vocal fold mucosa. Accordingly, the engineered vocal fold mucosa may be implanted into the larynx to treat voice impairment.
Description
BACKGROUND

The human vocal folds (VFs, sometimes referred to as vocal cords or vocal chords), which are essential to the production of speech (phonation), are made up of a pair of structures that are stretched horizontally across the top of the trachea, within the larynx. The VF inner region of is made up of the vocalis muscle, which has both passive and active mechanical properties. Passively, the vocalis muscle has a relatively stiff consistency (sometimes compared to the consistency of a stiff rubber band), while, as a muscle, its active contractile properties help control its precise location and level of stiffness.


The vocalis muscle is covered by two mechanically de-coupled regions, each containing multiple layers. The region making up the outer covering of the vocal fold is known as the vocal fold mucosa (VFM). The vocal fold mucosa includes the outermost squamous epithelium layer and a mucosal lamina propria layer directly underneath the squamous epithelium. The squamous epithelium, which is composed primarily of stratified vocal fold epithelial cells (VFEs), serves as an initial boundary of protection for the underlying tissue and helps regulate vocal fold hydration. The underlying mucosal lamina propria, which is composed primarily of loose fibrous and elastic components in a vascularized matrix that is populated by vocal fold fibroblasts (VFEs), provides a pliant cushion having the mechanical properties needed for the vocal folds to vibrate in a manner that facilitates phonation.


The vocal folds also include a third region interposed between the inner vocalis muscle and the outer mucosa: the vocal ligament. The vocal ligament, which includes two non-mucosal lamina propria layers (the intermediate lamina propria and the deep lamina propria), is composed primarily of elastic and collagenous fibers, which provide this intermediate region with its elastic mechanical integrity and durability. See, e.g., Hirano M. Structure and vibratory behavior of the vocal fold, in Sawashima M, Cooper F (eds) (1977), Dynamic aspects of speech production, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan: 13-30.


When inhaling, the vocal folds are separated, to facilitate the free flow of air through the trachea. When holding one's breath, the vocal folds tighten and come together, completely shutting off the free flow of air through the trachea. During phonation, the vocal folds are in an intermediate position, and the controlled passage of air from the lungs through the trachea causes the mucosa of adjoining vocal folds in contact with each other to vibrate at a high frequency. This transduction of energy from air flow from the lungs into high frequency vocal fold vibration in turn results in airborne sound waves that can be heard as speech. See, e.g., Matsushita H. The vibratory mode of the vocal folds in the excised larynx, Folia Phoniatr (Basel) 27 (1975): 7-18. Accordingly, phonation requires that both vocal fold mucosae are biomechanically capable of aerodynamic-to-acoustic energy transfer and high-frequency vibration, and physiologically capable of maintaining a barrier against the airway lumen.


Voice impairment (dysphonia) affects an estimated 20 million people in the United States, resulting in reduced general and disease-specific quality of life1, reduced occupational performance and attendance2,3, and direct health care costs exceeding $11 billion per year4,5. Between 60 and 80% of voice complaints in the treatment-seeking population involve changes to the vocal fold (VF) mucosa6; severe mucosal impairment or loss due to trauma, disease, or disease resection often culminates in fibrosis and deterioration of VF vibratory capacity for voice7.


Patients with significant VF mucosal damage have limited treatment options. Medialization of the impaired VF, achieved by delivering an implant or injectate to the paraglottic space8-10, can improve VF closure and therefore voice, but does not address fibrotic changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Superficial injection of regenerative biomaterials offers an alternative means to improve VF viscoelasticity and vibratory function11,12; however, most biomaterials are not specifically engineered for the VF biomechanical environment, have limited residence time, and are not suited for large deficits involving extensive tissue loss. Creation of an organotypic bioengineered VF mucosa could theoretically bypass these challenges by providing on-demand tissue for transplantation that is both biomechanically appropriate for use as a dynamic sound source for voice production and capable of maintaining barrier function at the boundary of the upper and lower airways.


Tissue engineering of partial and complete VF mucosae has been attempted using decellularized ECM-based13 and collagen14,15 and fibril16,17 gel-based scaffolds, seeded with embryonic stem cell derivatives15, adult stem cells16,17, and terminally differentiated cells13,14,18. These organotypic culture approaches have generated engineered mucosae with desirable histologic features; however, to date, there is no benchmark culture system based solely on human-sourced VF cells against which stem cell-based approaches can be evaluated, no direct comparisons showing equivalency with native human VF mucosa, and most importantly, limited progress towards the restoration of physiologic function17. Significant advances have been hampered by the near-unavailability of disease-free primary human VF mucosal cells19 and limited attention to the intricate protein- and anatomic substructure-level complexity that characterizes mucosal morphogenesis.


Accordingly, there is a need for improved non-immunogenic transplantable engineered mucosae that are biomechanically capable of aerodynamic-to-acoustic energy transfer and high-frequency vibration, and physiologically capable of maintaining a barrier against the airway lumen.


BRIEF SUMMARY

This application discloses engineered vocal fold mucosae made from isolated and purified human VF fibroblasts (VFF) and human VF epithelial cells (VFE) co-cultured under organotypic conditions. The engineered vocal fold mucosae show morphologic features of native tissue. Specifically, the engineered vocal fold mucosae include an engineered mucosal lamina propria layer comprising a collagen polymer matrix populated by human VFFs in contact with an engineered outer squamous epithelium layer made from cultured human VFEs. The engineered vocal fold mucosae show proteome-level evidence of mucosal morphogenesis and emerging extracellular matrix complexity, and rudimentary barrier function in vitro. When grafted into larynges ex vivo, the engineered vocal fold mucosae generate physiologically appropriate vibratory behavior and acoustic output that are indistinguishable from those of native VF tissue. When grafted into humanized mice in vivo, the mucosae survive and are well tolerated by the human adaptive immune system. These results show that the disclosed compositions and methods can be used to restore voice function in patients with otherwise untreatable VF mucosal disease or damage.


In a first aspect, the disclosure encompasses an engineered vocal fold mucosa that includes (a) an engineered non-vascularized lamina propria made up of a scaffold of polymerized collagen populated by a plurality of human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs); and (b) an engineered stratified squamous epithelium that includes a plurality of human vocal fold epithelial cells (VFEs) that is in contact with the engineered non-vascularized lamina propria. The engineered vocal fold mucosa is capable of exhibiting the vibratory function and acoustic output of a native vocal fold mucosa.


As used herein, the term “scaffold” refers to a polymerized collagen that forms a gel-like composition. The scaffold is not impervious to aqueous solutions and other liquids, which can readily flow into the scaffold. For example, if the cell-populated scaffold is immersed in a culture medium, the culture medium may be absorbed into the scaffold and come in contact with the cells populating the scaffold. In the engineered vocal fold mucosa, the boundaries of the scaffold within which the VFFs reside also define the boundaries of the engineered non-vascularized lamina propria. Accordingly, the outer boundary of the scaffold is referred to herein as the “surface” of the scaffold.


The engineered stratified squamous epithelium (and the VFEs comprising the engineered squamous epithelium) is outside of the scaffold, and thus has an inner boundary at the scaffold surface. The engineered stratified squamous epithelium extends outward from the scaffold surface to its outermost boundary, the epithelial surface or luminal epithelial surface. The squamous epithelium region that is closest to the inner boundary at the scaffold surface is known as the basal surface region, and the squamous epithelium region that is closest to the luminal epithelial surface is known as the epithelial surface region. As in native VF mucosae, in the engineered VF mucosae, the VFE in the basal region form processes that extend into the underlying lamina propria, consistent with epithelial anchoring and barrier-like structure formation.


By “human vocal fold fibroblasts” (VFFs), we mean fibroblasts that are isolated from the vocal fold mucosa of a human (i.e., primary human vocal fold fibroblasts), or cells that are descended from such isolated human vocal fold mucosa fibroblasts or their progeny. Accordingly, the term is not limited to primary human vocal fold fibroblasts, but also encompasses cells resulting from the continued culturing, proliferation and/or passaging of cells derived from primary human vocal fold fibroblasts or their progeny. By “isolated,” we mean that the cells that have been removed from the native environment in which they originally resided. In the case of primary human vocal fold fibroblasts, the isolated cells are removed from the native extracellular matrix. The vocal fold mucosa from which the cells are isolated may have been obtained from a living human or from a human cadaver. In the case of a human cadaver, the vocal fold mucosa is preferably obtained less than six hours post-mortem.


By “human vocal fold epithelial cells” (VFEs), we mean epithelial cells that are isolated from the vocal fold mucosa of a human (i.e., primary human vocal fold epithelial cells), or cells that are descended from such isolated human vocal fold mucosa epithelial cells or their progeny. Accordingly, the term is not limited to primary human vocal fold epithelial cells, but also encompasses cells resulting from the continued culture, proliferation and/or passaging of cells derived from primary human vocal fold epithelial cells or their progeny. By “isolated,” we mean that the cells that have been removed from the native environment in which they originally resided. In the case of primary human vocal fold epithelial cells, the isolated cells are removed from the native squamous epithelium. The vocal fold mucosa from which the cells are isolated may have been obtained from a living human or from a human cadaver. In the case of a human cadaver, the vocal fold mucosa is preferably obtained less than six hours post-mortem.


The human vocal fold fibroblasts and human vocal fold epithelial cells do not include cells isolated from non-vocal fold mucosal tissue, such as cells isolated from generalized laryngeal mucosa or oral mucosa, or cells isolated from non-human subjects.


In some embodiments, the polymerized collagen is polymerized collagen, type I.


In some embodiments, the density of the VFFs populating the engineered non-vascularized lamina propria is from 100-300 cells/mm2 or from 130-270 cells/mm2.


In some embodiments, the engineered stratified squamous epithelium is between 30 and 70 um thick.


In some embodiments, one or more VFEs at both the basal and epithelial surface regions of the engineered stratified squamous epithelium express the basement membrane marker collagen, type IV.


In some embodiments, the engineered stratified squamous epithelium includes one or more Keratin 5+ VFEs, and the basal region of the engineered stratified squamous epithelium does not have a higher percentage of Keratin 5+ VFEs than the stratified squamous epithelium as a whole.


In some embodiments, one or more of the proteins listed in Table 1 below as being present in the engineered VF mucosa are included in the engineered VF mucosa. In some such embodiments, at least one of the included proteins is a protein that is not present in native VF mucosa.


In a second aspect, the disclosure encompasses an engineered vocal fold mucosa as described herein for use in treating voice impairment caused by vocal fold fibrosis or vocal fold mucosal tissue damage or loss.


In a third aspect, the disclosure encompasses an engineered vocal fold mucosa as described herein for use in manufacturing a composition for treating voice impairment caused by vocal fold fibrosis or vocal fold mucosal tissue damage or loss.


In a fourth aspect, the disclosure encompasses a method of treating voice impairment caused by vocal fold fibrosis or vocal fold mucosal tissue damage or loss. The method includes the step of implanting an engineered vocal fold mucosa as described herein into the larynx of a subject having a vocal impairment. As a result of performing this step, the degree of voice impairment is reduced.


In a fifth aspect, the disclosure encompasses a method of making an engineered vocal fold mucosa. The method includes the steps of (a) culturing a plurality of human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) within a scaffold comprising polymerized collagen; and (b) culturing a plurality of human vocal fold epithelial cells (VFEs) on the scaffold surface. As a result of performing these steps, an engineered vocal fold mucosa is formed that includes an engineered stratified squamous epithelium in contact with an engineered non-vascularized lamina propria made of a polymerized collagen scaffold populated by a plurality of human VFFs within the scaffold.


In some embodiments, the polymerized collagen is polymerized collagen, type I.


In some embodiments, the step of culturing the plurality of human VFEs on the scaffold surface is first performed within an epithelial cell-oriented medium in which the human VFEs are immersed. In some such embodiments, the human VFEs are cultured for 1 to 3 days within the epithelial cell-oriented medium in which the human VFEs are immersed.


By “epithelial cell-oriented medium,” we mean any medium known to or reasonably expected to support the maintenance, growth, and/or proliferation of human epithelial cells in culture, including, without limitation, the epithelial cell-oriented medium disclosed in the Example below.


In some embodiments, the step of culturing the plurality of human VFEs on the scaffold surface is later performed at an air-liquid interface on the scaffold surface, wherein the scaffold comprises a composition comprising both a fibroblast-oriented medium and a epithelial cell-oriented medium. As a result, the human VFEs stratify to form a squamous epithelium layer. In some such embodiments, the VFEs are cultured for 5 to 50 days at the air-liquid interface on the scaffold surface.


In some embodiments, the step of culturing the plurality of human VFFs within the scaffold is first performed when the scaffold includes a fibroblast-oriented medium, and later performed when the scaffold includes a composition comprising both a fibroblast-oriented medium and an epithelial cell-oriented medium.


By “fibroblast-oriented medium,” we mean any medium known to or reasonably expected to support the maintenance, growth, and/or proliferation of human fibroblasts in culture, including, without limitation, the fibroblast-oriented medium disclosed in the Example below.


In some embodiments, prior to culturing the human VFFs within the scaffold, the human VFFs are seeded into the scaffold at a density of between 5×104 and 1×106 VFF/mL. In some such embodiments, the human VFFs are seeded into the scaffold by mixing the VFFs into a collagen composition wherein the collagen has not yet polymerized to form the scaffold. When the collagen subsequently polymerizes into a gel-like composition, the VFFs are cultured within the scaffold.


In some embodiments, the human VFFs are obtained by (a) seeding cells obtained from a human vocal fold mucosa onto an extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated surface, whereby some of the cells adhere to the ECM-coated surface and some of the cells remain free-floating and non-adherent; and (b) culturing the cells that adhere to the ECM-coated surface in fibroblast-oriented medium, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFFs. In some such embodiments, the human VFEs are obtained by the further steps of (c) separately culturing the non-adherent cells in an epithelial cell-oriented medium, whereby the non-adherent cells become adherent, and (d) incubating the now-adherent cells in a composition comprising trypsin and removing one or more initially detached cells. In some such embodiments, the remaining adherent cells are detached and passaged into a separate epithelial cell-oriented medium, where the cells again become adherent. In some such embodiments, the passaged cells are again incubated in a composition comprising trypsin, and one or more initially detached cells are again removed, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFEs.


In some embodiments, the step of culturing the VFEs, the step of culturing the VFFs, or both further include passaging the cultured cells at least twice. In some such embodiments, the human VFFs, the human VFEs, or both are obtained from the second passage, the third passage, the fourth passage, the fifth passage, the sixth passage, or any combination thereof. In some such embodiments, the human VFFs, the human VFEs, or both are obtained from the third passage.


In some embodiments, the cells are obtained from the human vocal fold mucosa by (a) mincing the human vocal fold mucosa; and (b) enzymatically digesting the minced mucosa to release the cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM).


In a sixth aspect, the disclosure encompasses an engineered vocal fold mucosa as made by the method described herein.


In a seventh aspect, the disclosure encompasses a method of separating cells obtained from human vocal fold mucosa into a substantially pure human VFF subpopulation. The method includes the steps of (a) seeding cells obtained from a human vocal fold mucosa onto an extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated surface, whereby some of the cells adhere to the ECM-coated surface and some of the cells remain free-floating and non-adherent; (b) culturing the cells that adhere to the ECM-coated surface in fibroblast-oriented medium, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFFs. In some such embodiments, the cells are further separated into a VFE subpopulation by (c) separately culturing the non-adherent cells in an epithelial cell-oriented medium, whereby the non-adherent cells become adherent, and (d) incubating the now-adherent cells in a composition comprising trypsin and removing one or more initially detached cells. In some such embodiments, the remaining adherent cells are detached and passaged into a separate epithelial cell-oriented medium, where the cells again become adherent. In some such embodiments, the passaged cells are again incubated in a composition comprising trypsin, and one or more initially detached cells are again removed, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFEs.


In some embodiments, the cells are obtained from the human vocal fold mucosa by (a) mincing the human vocal fold mucosa; and (b) enzymatically digesting the minced mucosa to release the cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM).


The disclosed compositions and methods are further detailed below.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.



FIGS. 1A-1B demonstrate explant culture of primary human VF mucosal cells. (A) Microscopy images of live cells growing in fibroblast-oriented medium, 14- and 21-days (d) post-seeding. Cells exhibited morphological variance at 14 d but appeared uniform at 21 d. White arrows indicate fibroblast-appearing cells with spindle/star-like somata and elongated processes; white arrowheads indicate epithelial-appearing cells with cuboidal somata and short processes. (B) Microscopy images of live cells growing in epithelial cell-oriented medium, 28 and 35 d post-seeding. Cells exhibited morphological variance with clear fibroblast contamination at 28 d. Non-epithelial cell growth continued at 35 d, leading to mixed-morphology cell sphere formation and difficulty with reattachment during culture passage. White arrows indicate fibroblast-appearing cells with spindle/star-like somata and elongated processes; white arrowheads indicate epithelial-appearing cells with cuboidal somata and short processes. Scale bar, 40 μm (A, B).



FIGS. 2A-2E demonstrate isolation, purification and expansion of primary VFF and VFE from human VF mucosa. (A) Schematic showing general procedure for cell isolation and purification. (B) Light microscopy images showing morphological characteristics of primary VFF and VFE in monolayer culture prior to first passage (left panels; unstained live cells) and at passage 3 (P3; center and right panels; fixed, H&E-stained cells). Black arrows indicate large VFF and VFE. Black arrowheads indicate VFE clusters. Scale bar, 30 μm. (C) Flow cytometry histograms and bar charts showing relative expression of the markers P4H-β, CD90, pan-keratin, keratin 14, keratin 19 and CD227 in VFF and VFE. Positive/negative gates (versus fluorescence-minus-one [FMO] control) are shown in gray; low/high gates are shown in black. (D) Flow cytometry dot plot showing complete separation of VFF and VFE populations via CD90 CD227 double staining. (E) Line graph summarizing VFF and VFE population doubling times from P1 to P6. *, P<0.01 (C, E); n.s., non-significant difference (C); error bars, s.e.m. (C, E).



FIGS. 3A-3G demonstrate assembly of engineered human VF mucosa. (A) Schematic illustrating the experimental approach. (B) H&E- and Movat's pentachrome-stained sections showing comparable morphologic features in engineered and native mucosae. Black arrows indicate basal VFE cytoplasmic projections extending into the lamina propria. Scale bar, 100 μm (main images); 40 μm (insets). (C) Immunofluorescent images showing P4H-β, collagen, type IV, and e-cadherin staining patterns in engineered mucosa compared to native mucosa. White arrows indicate P4H-β+ VFE, collagen, type IV+ basement membrane and luminal epithelial structures, and e-cadherin+ VFE. White arrowheads indicate P4H-β+ VFF and collagen, type IV+ VFF and vascular basement membrane structures in the lamina propria. Scale bar, 50 μm. (D) Venn diagram summarizing proteome coverage in engineered mucosa compared to native mucosa and scaffold only. FDR, false discovery rate. (E) Functional enrichment analysis of the engineered mucosa proteome. Enriched gene ontology terms are depicted as nodes connected by arrows that represent hierarchies and relationships between terms. Node size is proportional to the number of proteins assigned to a given term; node color represents the Benjamin Hochberg-corrected P-value corresponding to enrichment of the term. Functionally related ontology terms are labeled and grouped using colored ovals (biological process terms in green; molecular function terms in red; cellular component terms in blue). Organogenesis/morphogenesis and ECM functional groups are enlarged for better visualization of individual terms. (F) Heatmaps summarizing normalized spectral abundance factor-based quantification of proteins associated with the ontology terms highlighted in (E). A corresponding list of proteins and fold changes is presented in Table 3. (G) Rheologic data showing elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli of engineered mucosa compared to native mucosa and scaffold only. *, P<0.01; n.s., non-significant difference; error bars, s.e.m.



FIGS. 4A-4E demonstrate VFF distribution and contractile function in collagen, type I scaffold. (A) H&E-stained sections showing VFF density in engineered lamina propria (14 day culture of 2×105 VFF·mL−1 collagen, type I) compared to native human VF lamina propria. Whereas cell density was relatively uniform throughout the engineered lamina propria, it varied considerably throughout the native lamina propria, in part due to the presence of high-cell-density vascular structures (black dashed lines). Cell density in the engineered lamina propria was most similar to the medium-cell-density, non-vascular region of the native lamina propria. Scale bar, 40 μm. (B) Bar graph showing overall cell density in engineered and native lamina propria. *, P<0.01; error bars, s.e.m. (C) Representative schematics and photographs illustrating progressive scaffold contraction following seeding of 2×105 VFF·mL−1 collagen, type I. Scaffold contraction reached a plateau of ˜70% of initial cross-sectional area at 96 hours (h) post-seeding; acellular scaffolds exhibited no contraction. (D) Bar graph showing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) production during 96 h culture of 2×105 VFF·mL−1 collagen, type I. MMP/TIMP concentrations in culture supernatant reflect accumulation during the 24 h period from 24-48 h post-seeding, and again during the 24 h period from 72-96 h post-seeding. Mean values represent pooled samples from 6 independent biological replicates, assayed using a multiplexed protein array. Medium only was used as a negative control. (E) Immunofluorescent images showing VFF expression of the contractile protein α-actin 2 (ACTA2) in the engineered lamina propria at 48- and 96-hours post-seeding. White arrows indicate representative ACTA2+ VFF. Scaffold only is shown as a negative control. Scale bar, 100 μm (main image); 35 μm (inset).



FIGS. 5A-5B present additional histologic characterization of engineered and native human VF lamina propria. (A) Alcian blue-stained sections showing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution (blue) within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyaluronic acid (HA) abundance is indicated by the difference in signal intensity between adjacent (5 μm) sections treated with (right panels) and without (left panels) hyaluronidase. GAG and HA abundance were comparable in the engineered and native lamina propria. (B) Elastic van Gieson-stained sections showing elastin (black) and collagen (pink) fiber distribution within the ECM. The engineered ECM contained thin and sparsely distributed fibrous proteins and appeared immature compared to the native ECM. Blue arrows indicate elastin deposits/fibers; blue arrowheads indicate collagen deposits/fibers. Scale bar, 60 μm (A, B).



FIGS. 6A-6F present proteomic-based analysis of engineered VF mucosa compared to its isolated subcomponents. (A) Schematic illustrating experimental conditions. (B) Venn diagram summarizing proteome coverage and overlap in protein identifications across experimental conditions. FDR, false discovery rate. (C) Volcano plot summarizing normalized spectral abundance factor-based protein quantification in engineered mucosa versus VFF in scaffold (red data points) and VFE on scaffold (blue data points). The dashed rectangle denotes cutoff criteria for protein overrepresentation in engineered mucosa compared to the other conditions (fold change >4; Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P<0.01). (D) Summary of enriched biological process ontology terms associated with the protein set exclusive to engineered mucosa or overrepresented in engineered mucosa compared to both VFF in scaffold and VFE on scaffold. The table lists the three most highly represented terms identified using the BiNGO enrichment and REViGO term redundancy algorithms, as well as the mechanistically relevant epidermis development term (a complete list of enriched biological process terms is presented in Table 5). The heatmap shows the relative abundance of overrepresented proteins that map to these biological process terms of interest. Pleiotropic proteins associated with multiple terms are assigned multiple rows in the heatmap. The enlarged region highlights 5 proteins associated with epidermis (in the context of mucosa, epithelium) development. (E) Immunohistochemical validation of overrepresented proteins LAMAS (costained with COL4), KRT5, and JUP (costained with CDH1) in engineered and native VFmucosae. White arrows indicate KRT5+ VFE; white arrowheads indicate COL4+ signals in the deep epithelium and JUP+ VFE; and yellow arrows indicate LAMA5+COL4+ basal VFE in engineered mucosa, LAMA5+COL4+ basement membrane structures in native mucosa, and CDH1+JUP+ VFE. Scale bar, 50 mm; 25 mm (inset). (F) Transmucosal electrical resistance data showing significantly increased physiologic barrier function in engineered mucosa compared to scaffold only and VFF in scaffold, and no significant difference compared to VFE on scaffold. *, P<0.01; n.s., non-significant difference; error bars, s.e.m.



FIGS. 7A-7B present additional quantitative proteomic analysis of engineered VF mucosa compared to its isolated subcomponents. (A) Volcano plot and heatmap showing normalized spectral abundance factor-based protein quantification in engineered mucosa versus VFF in scaffold. The cyan dashed rectangle (Volcano plot) and square bracket (heatmap) denote cutoff criteria for protein overrepresentation in engineered mucosa compared to VFF in scaffold (fold change >4; Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P<0.01); the magenta dashed rectangle (Volcano plot) and square bracket (heatmap) denote cutoff criteria for protein overrepresentation in VFF in scaffold compared to engineered mucosa (fold change <−4; Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P<0.01). (B) Parallel analysis of engineered mucosa versus VFE on scaffold. The cyan dashed rectangle (Volcano plot) and square bracket (heatmap) denote cutoff criteria for protein overrepresentation in engineered mucosa compared to VFE on scaffold (fold change >4; Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P<0.01); the magenta dashed rectangle (Volcano plot) and square bracket (heatmap) denote cutoff criteria for protein overrepresentation in VFE on scaffold compared to engineered mucosa (fold change <−4; Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P<0.01). A complete list of overrepresented proteins with corresponding fold changes and P-values is presented in Table 4.



FIGS. 8A-8H demonstrate ex vivo physiologic performance of engineered VF mucosa in a large animal excised larynx setup. (A) Sequential photographs of a canine larynx under native conditions (upper panel), following unilateral VF mucosa resection (center panel), and following unilateral placement of engineered VF mucosa (lower panel). (B) Schematic illustrating the experimental conditions shown in (A) in coronal orientation in the excised larynx setup. HSDI, high-speed digital imaging; TA, thyroarytenoid. (C) Aerodynamic data showing phonation threshold pressure (Pth), subglottal pressure (Ps) and flow (U) relationships (i.e., glottal resistance [Rg] plots), aerodynamic input power (Paero) and radiated acoustic output power (Pae) relationships (i.e., glottal efficiency [Eg] plots). VF mucosa resection eliminated vibratory capacity below Ps=5 kPa (preventing Rg and Eg measurement under this condition), whereas the engineered mucosa restored function with comparable Rg and Eg to native mucosa. (D) HSDI-based glottal area analysis showing restoration of waveform morphology and area magnitude with placement of engineered VF mucosa. The upper panels represent sequential resection and engineered mucosa replacement within a single larynx. Grey arrows indicate the beginning, midpoint and endpoint of a single 5.8-ms-duration vibratory cycle. The yellow dashed ellipse indicates maximum glottal area. The yellow horizontal dashed line indicates the midmembranous plane used for subsequent kymographic analyses in (E, F). Scale bar, 3 mm. (E) Representative kymograms from the larynx presented in (D) showing restoration of typical vibratory physiology (lateral [left-right] phase similarity, vertical phase difference, mucosal wave excursion) following engineered VF mucosa replacement. Sinusoidal curve fitting (R2>0.98) to the upper and lower VF margins (UM; LM) is shown for the native and engineered conditions. Red dashed lines indicate open and closed phases of a single vibratory cycle. Yellow dashed lines indicate UM and LM·f0, fundamental frequency. (F) Analysis of lateral and vertical phase differences for all larynges and conditions, showing comparable vibratory physiology for native and engineered VF mucosae. #, contralateral VF mucosa condition used to calculate lateral phase difference; !, VF mucosa condition contralateral to that for which vertical phase difference is calculated. (G) Representative acoustic data showing time-domain signals (upper panels), narrowband spectrograms (center panels) and phase plots (lower panels). VF resection resulted in signal aperiodicity, loss of harmonic structure and deterministic chaos; the engineered mucosa restored signal periodicity and measurable f0, harmonic structure and a closed phase trajectory. (H) Summary of qualitative acoustic signal typing for all larynges and conditions. Native and engineered VF mucosae generated near-periodic type 1 signals, whereas mucosal resection resulted in predominantly stochastic type 4 signals. Data from the same larynx are plotted in the same color (C, D, F, H); *, P<0.01 (C, D, H); n.s., non-significant difference (C, D, F, H). Data from a parallel experiment evaluating the ex vivo physiologic performance of human oral mucosa are presented in FIGS. 10A-10G.



FIGS. 9A-9G demonstrate immunogenicity of engineered VF mucosa. (A) Flow cytometry histograms and bar charts showing expression of cell surface markers HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, PD-L1 (CD274) and PD-L2 (CD273) in VFF and VFE compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) control. Gates are based on isotype controls. (B) Schematic illustrating the experimental approach used to evaluate in vivo immunogenicity via subrenal capsule auto/allograft transplantation in the humanized NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mouse model. GVHD, graft-versus-host disease; hPBL, human peripheral blood lymphocyte. (C) Line graph showing decrease in body mass of NSG mice following hPBL injection, compared to no hPBL control mice. Mice were euthanized in response to a >15% decrease in body mass and clinical signs of xenogeneic GVHD, which occurred 15-21 d post-hPBL injection. (D) Flow cytometry dot plots and bar graph confirming engraftment and proliferation of hCD45+mCD45 human lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of NSG mice following hPBL injection. (E) Immunostained sections showing predominant hCD4+ T helper cell infiltration and minimal hCD8+ cytotoxic T cell infiltration of the engineered grafts, 15 d post-hPBL engraftment. Comparable staining patterns were observed in the auto- and allografts. Dashed black contour lines indicate the boundaries between the engineered human grafts (top) and the mouse kidneys (bottom). Scale bar, 500 μm. (F) Analysis of hFOXP3 expression by infiltrating hCD4+ T cells, 15 d post-hPBL engraftment. The immunofluorescent image shows representative hCD4 and hFOXP3 expression in the engineered allograft; the bar graph summarizes cell count data showing a higher percentage of hCD4+hFOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the engineered auto- and allografts compared to the mouse eyelid, a GVHD-affected positive control tissue. White arrows indicate hCD4+hFOXP3 T helper cells; yellow arrows indicate hCD4+hFOXP3+ regulatory T cells; the white arrowhead indicates a hCD4hFOXP3 cell. Scale bar, 5 μm. (G) H&E-stained sections showing intact tissue morphology in the engineered auto- and allografts, compared to extensive cellular infiltration and destruction of naïve tissue morphology in the mouse eyelid at 15 d post-hPBL engraftment. Scale bar, 50 μm. *, P<0.01 (A, C, D, F); n.s., non-significant difference (A, F); error bars, s.e.m. (A, D, F).



FIGS. 10A-10G demonstrate ex vivo physiologic performance of human oral mucosa, compared to that of engineered VF mucosa, in a large animal excised larynx setup. (A) Coronal orientation schematic illustrating unilateral placement of oral or engineered VF mucosa following resection of native VF mucosa. HSDI, high-speed digital imaging; TA, thyroarytenoid. (B) Phonation threshold pressure (Pth) data showing elevated threshold in the oral mucosa condition compared to the engineered VF mucosa condition. (C) HSDI-based glottal area analysis showing normal-appearing waveform morphology but reduced area magnitude in the oral mucosa condition compared to the engineered VF mucosa condition. Ps, subglottal pressure. (D) Representative kymogram from the larynx presented in (C) showing grossly intact lateral (left-right) phase symmetry but reduced vibratory amplitude and mucosal wave excursion following oral mucosa placement, compared to contralateral native VF mucosa. Sinusoidal curve fitting (R2>0.98) to the upper and lower VF margins (UM; LM) is also shown. Red dashed lines indicate open and closed phases of a single vibratory cycle. Yellow dashed lines indicate UM and LM·f0, fundamental frequency. (E) Analysis of lateral and vertical phase differences for all larynges in the oral and engineered VF mucosa conditions. No significant differences were observed. #, contralateral VF mucosa condition used to calculate lateral phase difference; !, VF mucosa condition contralateral to that for which vertical phase difference is calculated. (F) Acoustic data showing a representative time-domain signal (upper panel), narrowband spectrogram (center panel) and phase plot (lower panel) obtained from a larynx in the oral mucosa condition. Placement of oral mucosa resulted in a periodic signal with measurable f0, some harmonic structure, and a closed phase trajectory. (G) Summary of qualitative acoustic signal typing for the oral and engineered VF mucosa conditions. Both mucosae generated near-periodic type 1 signals in the majority of experimental runs. The engineered VF mucosa data used for statistical comparisons (B, C, E, G) are presented in complete form in FIGS. 8A-H; *, P<0.01 (B, C); n.s., non-significant difference (E, G).



FIGS. 11A-11C present additional in vivo graft survival and immunogenicity data. (A) Immunostained sections showing long-term survival of engineered VF mucosa following subrenal capsule transplantation in the NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mouse. Black arrows indicate positive intracellular immunostaining of human mitochrondia, 78 days (d) following graft placement with no human peripheral blood lymphocyte (hPBL) injection. Scale bar, 30 μm. (B) Immunostained section showing long-term survival of the collagen, type I scaffold, 78 days following graft implantation with no hPBL injection. No hCD45 immunosignal was observed, consistent with the absence of human cells in both the implant and the NSG mouse recipient. Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Immunostained section showing performance of the collagen, type I scaffold in the NSG mouse, 21 d following hPBL injection. Black arrows indicate hCD45+lymphocytes at the boundary of the scaffold. No lymphocyte infiltration of the scaffold was observed. Separation of the scaffold and kidney represents artifact introduced by tissue processing and sectioning. Scale bar, 100 μm. The dashed black contour lines indicate the boundaries between the engineered human graft/collagen, type I scaffolds (top) and the mouse kidneys (bottom) (A, B, C).





DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This application discloses engineered vocal fold mucosae made from isolated and purified human vocal fold fibroblasts and isolated and purified human VF epithelial cells, co-cultured under organotypic conditions. When grafted into larynges ex vivo, the engineered vocal fold mucosae generate physiologically appropriate vibratory behavior and acoustic output that are indistinguishable from those of native VF tissue, thus demonstrating that they have the biomechanical properties that are essential for use as an implant in treating voice impairment due to vocal fold mucosal tissue damage, loss, or disease. In addition, when grafted into humanized mice in vivo (a transgenic mouse model supporting a functional human adaptive immune system; see Schulz, L. D., et al., Nat. Rev Immunol 12, 786-798 (2012)), the mucosae survive and are well tolerated by the human adaptive immune system, indicating that implanting the engineered mucosa into the larynx of a patient would likely not trigger rejection or immune system attack against the implant.


The inventors have found that using human vocal fold mucosal cells in the engineered vocal fold mucosa imparts the unique biomechanical and immunological properties that make the engineered mucosa useful as an implant for restoring vocal function in humans. Without being bound by any theory, human-sourced vocal fold mucosal cells are derived from cells that have been exposed to unique mechanical forces and vibration during voice production, and are thus specifically adapted to have the functional and underlying structural characteristics necessary to support phonation.


Regarding the human immunotolerance engendered by the grafted engineered vocal fold mucosa, the vocal fold mucosal cells may have immunoprivilege conferred by the unique position in the body of the cells from which they are derived. Specifically, humans are constantly inhaling a variety of potentially immunogenic foreign matter, much of which would come in contact with the vocal fold mucosae. If the vocal fold mucosal cells were immunologically active, the vocal fold mucosa would be continuously inflamed, resulting in chronic laryngitis and other airway problems. Thus, vocal fold mucosal cells may have evolved to favor and promote immunotolerance, as exhibited by the engineered vocal fold mucosa.


The engineered vocal fold mucosa is capable of exhibiting the vibratory function and acoustic output of a native vocal fold mucosa. Such capability can be measured using any of a number of specific tests known in the art, including, without limitation, the physiological, vibratory, and acoustic tests using ex vivo canine larynges that are described in detail in the Example below.


In the disclosed method of making the engineered vocal fold mucosa, the human VFFs may be cultured in a fibroblast-oriented medium or in a composition containing a fibroblast-oriented medium. The human VFEs may be cultured in a epithelial cell-oriented medium or in a composition containing an epithelial cell-oriented medium. By “fibroblast-oriented medium,” we mean any medium known to or reasonably expected to support the maintenance, growth, and/or proliferation of human fibroblasts in culture, including, without limitation, the fibroblast-oriented medium disclosed in the Example below. By “epithelial cell-oriented medium,” we mean any medium known to or reasonably expected to support the maintenance, growth, and/or proliferation of human airway epithelial cells in culture, including, without limitation, the epithelial cell-oriented medium disclosed in the Example below.


The human vocal fold mucosa can be useful for various in vitro and in vivo applications. Preparations for use in clinical applications must be obtained in accordance with regulations imposed by governmental agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accordingly, in exemplary embodiments, the methods provided herein are conducted in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), Good Tissue Practices (GTPs), and Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs). Reagents comprising animal derived components are not used, and all reagents are purchased from sources that are GMP-compliant. In the context of clinical manufacturing of a bioengineered implant for use in restoring vocal function in humans, GTPs govern cell donor consent, traceability, and infectious disease screening, whereas GMPs are relevant to the facility, processes, testing, and practices to produce consistently safe and effective products for human use. See Lu et al. Stem Cells 27: 2126-2135 (2009). Where appropriate, oversight of patient protocols by agencies and institutional panels is envisioned to ensure that informed consent is obtained; safety, bioactivity, appropriate dosage, and efficacy of products are studied in phases; results are statistically significant; and ethical guidelines are followed.


As used herein, the term “engineered tissue” (or similar term) refers to a tissue prepared in accordance with the methods of the invention. An acceptably engineered tissue displays physical characteristics typical of the type of the tissue in vivo and functional characteristics typical of the type of the tissue in vivo, i.e., has a functional activity. For example, physical characteristics of an engineered vocal fold mucosa can include the presence of a lamina propria layer and a squamous epithelium layer. Functional characteristics of an engineered vocal fold mucosa can include the capacity of the engineered tissue for exhibiting the vibratory function and acoustic output of a native vocal fold mucosa. As used herein, the term “bioengineered” generally refers to a tissue prepared in vitro using biological techniques including, for example, techniques of cell biology, biochemistry, tissue culture, and materials science.


The following abbreviations and acronyms are used in this application: VF, vocal fold; VFF, vocal fold fibroblasts; VFE, vocal fold epithelial cells; ECM, extracellular matrix.


Each of the publications cited in this application is incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. While specific embodiments and examples of the disclosed subject matter have been discussed herein, these examples are illustrative and not restrictive. Many variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the claims below.


The following Example is offered for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the following example and fall within the scope of the appended claims.


Example
Bioengineered Vocal Fold Mucosa for Voice Restoration

In this Example, we generated bioengineered vocal fold mucosae from isolated and purified vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) and epithelial cells (VFE). Specifically, we initially hypothesized that primary human-sourced VF mucosal cells, exposed to unique mechanical forces during human voice production20,21, could be an appropriate cell source for the development of a bioengineered VF mucosa capable of recapitulating native VF physiologic function. We therefore isolated and purified primary vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) and epithelial cells (VFE) from individual human donors and cultured these cells under 3D organotypic conditions, based on techniques commonly employed in skin and other mucosal systems22,23. The resulting engineered mucosae showed morphologic resemblance to native human VF mucosa, proteome-level evidence of active organogenesis/morphogenesis along with emerging ECM complexity, and rudimentary epithelial barrier function in vitro. Using a large animal ex vivo setup, we observed aerodynamic-to-acoustic energy transfer, periodic VF vibratory motion with physiologic mucosal wave travel, and acoustic output that were each indistinguishable from those generated by native tissue. Using a humanized mouse system, we implanted engineered VF mucosal auto- and allografts in vivo and documented robust graft survival with favorable tolerance by the human adaptive immune system. Taken together, these results indicate that the disclosed bioengineered mucosae have the potential to restore voice function in patients with otherwise untreatable VF mucosal disease.


Results


Isolation and Characterization of Primary Cells from Human VF Mucosa.


Primary VF mucosal cell culture is rarely feasible with disease-free tissue from human donors, as elective biopsy carries an unacceptable risk of lamina propria scar formation and dysphonia. For this reason, and because of associated technical challenges, there are no published reports of isolation, purification and primary culture of VFF and VFE from a single human donor. We obtained human tissue from cadavers at autopsy (<6 h post-mortem) and patients undergoing total laryngectomy for indications that did not include laryngeal disease (e.g., hypopharyngeal cancer, dysphagia with otherwise untreatable pulmonary aspiration) and then initially conducted primary explant culture in fibroblast- or epithelial cell-oriented medium. Fibroblast-oriented culture resulted in steady VFF proliferation and successful deletion of non-target cells, yielding a morphologically pure VFF population within 21 d (FIG. 1A); however, epithelial cell-oriented culture resulted in limited VFE proliferation alongside growth of non-epithelial cells, including those with fibroblastic morphology. We observed tangling of various cell subpopulations within the culture dish (FIG. 1B) and heterogeneous cell sphere formation leading to problems with reattachment during culture passage.


To address these issues, we developed an approach to better isolate and purify VFF and VFE from human VF mucosa (FIG. 2A). We microdissected and minced the mucosa; performed enzymatic digestion to release cells from the ECM; filtered, washed and pipetted cell clumps to release individual cells; separated the cells into VFF and VFE subpopulations based on their adhesion capacity on ECM-coated culture surfaces (see Materials and Methods below); and cultured under fibroblast- or epithelial cell-oriented conditions. These VFF and VFE proliferated well in primary culture and formed colonies containing generally homogenous cell morphology (FIG. 2B). VFF formed initial large colonies 10-15 d post-seeding: the majority of cells contained classic-appearing spindle/star-like somata and elongated processes. VFE formed initial colonies 20-25 d post-seeding: the majority of cells contained relatively large nuclei, cuboidal somata, and short processes. We observed a persistent subpopulation of morphologically similar but notably large cells in both VFF and VFE cultures.


Fibroblasts and epithelial cells exhibit distinct immunomarkers in vivo but share expression of most markers (at different abundances) in vitro.24,25 We therefore used a 6-marker flow cytometry panel to characterize the relative expression of classic fibroblast- and epithelial cell-associated proteins in our adhesion-separated VFF and VFE (FIG. 2C). Relative expression levels (based on low/high gating) were consistent with cell phenotype; however, as expected, single marker analysis was ineffective at completely separating the two subpopulations. VFF expressed more of the collagen synthesis enzyme prolyl-4-hydroxylase β (P4H-β) and fibroblast marker CD90 (also known as Thy-1) (P<0.01). VFF and VFE expressed equivalent pan-keratin (P=0.73), whereas VFE expressed more of the type I keratin isoforms 14 and 19, as well as the mucin-producing epithelial cell marker CD227 (also known as epithelial membrane antigen or mucin 1) (P<0.01). Subsequent double staining resulted in successful separation of these VF mucosal cells into CD90hiCD227lo (VFF) and CD90loCD227hi (VFE) subpopulations (FIG. 2D), confirming the effectiveness of our isolation and purification workflow.


VFF maintained a consistent proliferation rate (30-40 h population doubling time) over 6 passages (FIG. 2E). VFE proliferated more slowly overall (P<0.01), initially maintaining a 55-65 h population doubling time that progressively increased across passages 4-6. We therefore used passage 3 cells for subsequent mucosal engineering experiments.


Assembly of 3D Engineered VF Mucosa.


Having successfully identified a viable source of purified human primary cells, we pursued 3D organotypic culture (FIG. 3A) in polymerized collagen, type I, a primary ECM constituent of native human VF mucosa26. Initial trials using 2×105 VFF·mL−1, without VFE, resulted in a final intrascaffold cell density comparable to the medium-cell-density, non-vascular region of the native lamina propria (FIG. 4a) and ˜50% of mean cell density across the entire (vascularized) native lamina propria (P<0.01; FIG. 4B). We further observed moderate scaffold contraction over the first 96 h of culture (FIG. 4C), which corresponded to expression of a subset of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of mellatoproteinase (TIMP) enzymes/inhibitors (FIG. 4D), as well as the contractile protein α-actin 2 (also known as α-smooth muscle actin) (FIG. 4E). We maintained this 2×105 VFF·mL−1 seeding density in subsequent experiments, followed by VFE seeding at 24 h, media-immersed VFF-VFE coculture for 48 h, and coculture with VFE at the air-liquid interface for a further 8-28 d.


The engineered VF mucosa began to resemble native mucosa after 10-14 d in culture, exhibiting a ˜50 μm-thick stratified squamous epithelium and sparsely cell populated lamina propria (FIG. 3B). Basal VFE processes extended into the underlying lamina propria, consistent with epithelial anchoring. The lamina propria contained glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including the biomechanically important GAG hyaluronic acid27 (FIG. 5A); however its ECM appeared immature overall, populated by sparsely distributed fibers that did not resemble the sophisticated ECM network of native mucosa (FIG. 5B). P4H-β+ VFF were identified throughout the lamina propria, and P4H-β+VFE were preferentially localized to the basal epithelium near the basement membrane, as seen in native mucosa (FIG. 3C). Basal VFE also expressed the basement membrane marker collagen, type IV, which formed an emerging barrier-like structure in the subepithelium. Unlike native mucosa, however, a comparable collagen, type IV+ structure was also observed at the luminal epithelial surface. The majority of VFE were E-cadherin+, suggesting early establishment of intercellular junctional complexes that approximated those seen in native VF mucosa.


To further characterize the biological complexity of the engineered VF mucosa, we conducted discovery proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using a 1% false discovery rate, we identified 762 unique proteins in the engineered mucosa, compared with 908 in the native mucosa and 32 in the collagen, type I-based scaffold (FIG. 3D; Table 1). Gene ontology-based enrichment analysis of the engineered VF mucosa proteome, as compared to the full human protein database (Uniprot), revealed a wide complement of functional protein sets (ontology terms) associated with various metabolic, catalytic, transport, binding and signaling processes; spanning an array of subcellular and extracellular locations (FIG. 3E; Table 2). We identified organogenesis/morphogenesis-specific ontology term enrichment, consistent with successful organotypic culture; as well as ECM terms indicative of protein complexes and anatomic substructures that are characteristic of native VF mucosa, such as the basal lamina, anchoring collagen and fibrillar collagen. Follow-up normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF)-based quantitative analysis28 showed strong correspondence between the engineered and native mucosae (FIG. 3F; Table 3), implying that most of the ECM subproteome in the engineered mucosa is attributable to new protein synthesis by VFF and VFE, rather than the original scaffold. We identified ECM proteins and glycoconjugates that are considered critical to the biomechanical capacity of native VF mucosa for self-sustained physiologic vibration26,29-32, including: multiple collagen isoforms; the elastin conduit fibrillin 1 and elastin microfibril interface-located protein (EMILIN) 1; the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans decorin, lumican and biglycan; and the glycoproteins fibronectin, fibulin 1 and tenascin X. These observations suggest that while the engineered lamina propria appeared immature on histologic analysis, its developing ECM is populated by a core set of protein constituents with the potential to support vibratory function. This conclusion was further supported by rheologic experiments showing that the viscoelastic profile of the engineered mucosa was more similar to that of the native mucosa (P=0.51 and 0.88 for elastic [G′] and viscous [G″] moduli, respectively; FIG. 3G) than that of the scaffold (P<0.01 for both G′ and G″).


Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Engineered VF Mucosa Compared to its Isolated Subcomponents.


We pursued further quantitative proteomic analyses to identify protein complexes and functionality that were unique to the engineered VF mucosa, compared to its isolated subcomponents: VFF in collagen, type I scaffold and VFE on collagen, type I scaffold (FIG. 6A). Proteome coverage and overlap were generally comparable, with 528 proteins common to all three conditions and 59 proteins unique to the engineered mucosa (FIG. 6B; Table 1). NSAF-based analysis showed that the majority of differentially abundant proteins were overrepresented in engineered VF mucosa, as compared to the isolated subcomponents (fold change >4; adjusted P<0.01; FIG. 6C), suggesting upregulation of a specific protein set due to VFF-VFE synergy in organotypic culture. Subsequent pairwise comparisons indicated that the engineered mucosa proteome was most similar to VFE on scaffold and least similar to VFF in scaffold (69 versus 139 differentially abundant proteins, respectively; FIG. 7; Table 4), consistent with VFE being the predominant cell type in the engineered mucosa.


Next, we performed functional enrichment analysis of the protein set that was either exclusively identified or quantitatively overrepresented in engineered VF mucosa compared to both VFF in scaffold and VFE on scaffold. The most highly represented biological process ontology terms (adjusted P<4×10−5) indicated that the engineered mucosa was uniquely engaged in macromolecule catabolism, protein localization, and cellular component organization or biogenesis (FIG. 6D), suggesting dynamic structural assembly. Further evaluation of the deep ontology output revealed significant enrichment of additional terms relevant to mucosal assembly: cell-substrate junction assembly (adjusted P=3×10−3), epidermis development (adjusted P=5.3×10−3), adherens junction organization (adjusted P=7.4×10−3) and cell junction assembly (adjusted P=8.7×10−3) (Table 5). Enrichment of these ontology terms was driven by a common protein set that was significantly overrepresented in engineered VF mucosa compared to the other experimental conditions, consisting of the basal lamina constituent laminin 5, the basal epithelial cell marker keratin 5, the desmosome constituents junction plakoglobin (also known as γ-catenin) and periplakin, as well as collagen, type V.


Emergence of Immature Barrier Function in Engineered VF Mucosa.


As our histologic and proteomic data suggested the emergence of basement membrane structures and epithelial junctional complexes under organotypic culture conditions, we performed follow-up immunovalidation of laminin 5, keratin 5 and junction plakoglobin expression in engineered VF mucosa, and compared the distribution of these proteins to native VF mucosa. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that each of these targets was expressed in the engineered VF epithelium but lacked the region-specific localization of native mucosa (FIG. 6E). Laminin 5 was expressed by basal and suprabasal VFE and showed intracellular colocalization with its functional partner collagen type IV, but these proteins did not form mature basal laminae as seen in native tissue. Keratin 5+ VFE were scattered throughout the engineered epithelium but were not preferentially localized to the basal region. Junction plakoglobin was expressed by the majority of VFE and generally colocalized with its binding partner e-cadherin, but these proteins did not exhibit the intercellular distribution pattern of mature junctional complexes within native VF epithelium.


To further evaluate physiologic barrier function in the engineered mucosa, we conducted transmucosal electrical resistance experiments. These experiments required reducing fibroblast seeding density by ˜3.5-fold (to 5.6×104 VFF·mL−1) to reduce scaffold contraction and eliminate detachment from the insert wall. Under comparable culture conditions, the engineered mucosa had significantly greater resistance than scaffold only and VFF in scaffold (P<0.01), but showed no significant difference compared to VFE on scaffold (P=0.06; FIG. 6F), corroborating our immunohistochemical findings and confirming that while emerging basement membrane and epithelial junctional complexes were present, physiologic barrier function remained immature.


Ex Vivo Physiologic Function of Engineered VF Mucosa.


Given the favorable morphologic and histologic appearance of engineered VF mucosa compared to native tissue, we scaled-up our engineering approach to create human-sized tissues, and evaluated their physiologic performance in a large animal excised larynx setup. This ex vivo approach holds key methodological advantages over in vivo techniques for studying VF physiology, due to greater control of anatomic, postural and aerodynamic input parameters, direct visual exposure of the VFs during vibration, and more precise multichannel measurement. We used canine larynges based on their anatomic similarity to human specimens and precedence in excised larynx studies33-35 and collected sequential datasets from each larynx: (i) with bilateral native VFs intact, (ii) following unilateral VF mucosa resection to impair physiologic function, and (iii) following unilateral placement of engineered VF mucosa in an attempt to restore function (FIG. 8A).


We collected a complete array of aerodynamic, high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) and acoustic data (FIG. 8B). Following arytenoid adduction, we delivered humidified air at gradually increasing subglottal pressures (Ps) to initiate flow (U)-induced VF vibration. Phonation threshold pressure (Pth), the minimum Ps required to initiate vibration, was ˜1 kPa in the native condition, but was eliminated at Ps up to 5 kPa following VF mucosa resection (FIG. 8C). Placement of engineered mucosa restored vibration with comparable Pth to the native condition (P=0.80). Native and engineered mucosae exhibited similar within-larynx glottal resistance (Rg), aerodynamic input power (Paero), radiated acoustic power (Pac), and glottal efficiency (Eg) (FIG. 8C). Paero to Pac loss resulted in Eg values of ˜10−2-10−4% across all runs, consistent with previously reported data from excised larynx experiments in the absence of a vocal tract34.


HSDI analysis showed restoration of typical vibratory physiology following engineered VF mucosa replacement. Glottal area waveforms and displacement values were similar to those generated by native mucosa, particularly for within-larynx comparisons (P=0.26; FIG. 8D). Engineered mucosa vibrated with a clear vertical phase difference between upper and lower margins (UM; LM), intact mucosal wave excursion, and lateral (left-right) phase symmetry with the contralateral VF (FIG. 8E). Using HSDI-extracted kymograms, we fitted sinusoidal curves to the UM and LM of each VF (R2>0.98) and observed comparable phase differences for all pairwise comparisons within the experiment (P=0.09-0.76 for all comparisons; FIG. 8f). Acoustic analysis confirmed these vibratory physiology findings, showing restoration of signal periodicity, harmonic structure, and closed phase trajectories following placement of engineered mucosa (FIG. 8g). Using narrow-band spectrography-based qualitative signal typing36,37, native and engineered mucosae-generated acoustic signals were uniformly categorized as type 1 (near-periodic), whereas signals associated with mucosal resection were uniformly categorized as type 4 (stochastic) (FIG. 8H). In total, the aerodynamic, vibratory and acoustic performance of the engineered mucosa was functionally equivalent to that of native tissue.


Using the same ex vivo experimental set-up, we next compared the physiologic function of engineered VF mucosa with that of human oral mucosa (FIG. 9A), an autologous free graft material traditionally used for reconstructing large VF mucosal deficits38,39. Oral mucosa vibrated with elevated Pth (P<0.01; FIG. 9B), as well as reduced glottal area magnitude and mucosal wave excursion (P<0.01; FIGS. 9C, D), suggesting a poor viscosity match to native tissue20,40. Lateral and vertical phase differences were comparable across oral and engineered VF mucosa conditions (P=0.10-0.61 for all comparisons; FIG. 9E) and the oral mucosa generated type 1 acoustic signals with some harmonic structure in the majority of experimental runs (FIGS. 9F, G). These data indicate that, in addition to having comparable physiologic function to native VF mucosa, the engineered VF mucosa is superior to oral mucosa, a standard-of-care material used in current surgical practice.


Immunogenicity of Engineered VF Mucosa.


To further evaluate its potential for therapeutic implementation, we tested the immunogenicity of engineered VF mucosa and its constituent cells using flow cytometry and an in vivo transplantation assay. Previous work has shown that primary VFF express a cell-surface phenotype that is comparable to immunoprivileged mesenchymal stein cells41, however no such data have been reported for VFE. VFF and VFE uniformly expressed the pan-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I marker human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC (common to all nucleated cells), but were negative for the pan-MHC class 11 marker HLA-DR (associated with professional antigen-presenting cells), as well as the T cell costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 (FIG. 10A). Further, 45-75% of VFF and VFE expressed the T cell inhibiting and tolerance-promoting molecules programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1 and PD-L2 (also known as CD274 and CD273, respectively). These findings suggest that naïve VFF and VFE have limited antigen-presentation capacity and may actively promote immunotolerance in a transplantation context.


Given these encouraging in vitro data, we next evaluated in vivo survival and tolerance of engineered VF mucosa following subrenal capsule auto- and allograft transplantation in the humanized NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mouse. This transgenic model contains a targeted mutation causing complete silencing of the interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain (IL2rγ) locus, which results in severely restricted B, T, and natural killer (NK) cell development42. The NSG model supports engraftment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBL) and establishment of a functional human adaptive immune system, allowing evaluation of graft immunogenicity during the period prior to terminal xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).


We implanted engineered VF mucosal grafts from unrelated human donors under the bilateral renal capsules of irradiated NSG mice, followed by intravenous delivery of 13×106 hPBL that were obtained from an original laryngeal tissue donor and autologous to one of the two grafts (FIG. 10B). Mice exhibited a significant decrease in body mass (P<0.01; FIG. 10C) and progressive onset of clinical GVHD signs following hPBL injection; flow cytometry analysis confirmed engraftment and subsequent proliferation of hCD45+mCD45 human lymphocytes in mouse peripheral blood (FIG. 10D). Evaluation of graft outcomes 15-21 d post-hPBL engraftment showed predominant infiltration by hCD4+ T helper cells and minimal infiltration by hCD8+ cytotoxic T cells, with no observable difference between the auto- and allograft conditions (FIG. 10E). Follow-up analysis of forkhead box P3 (hFOXP3) coexpression by the infiltrating hCD4+ cells revealed a significantly higher subpopulation of hCD4+hFOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the engineered auto- and allografts compared to the mouse eyelid, a GVHD-affected positive control tissue (P<0.01; FIG. 10F). This finding corresponded to preservation of tissue morphology in the engineered auto- and allografts, which contrasted with extensive cellular infiltration and destruction of naïve tissue morphology in the mouse eyelid (FIG. 10G).


The identification of a robust subpopulation of regulatory T cells in the auto- and allografts, combined with the absence of tissue destruction in both conditions, suggests that engineered VF mucosa holds low immunogenicity and is well tolerated by the human adaptive immune system in vivo. Additional long-term experiments in NSG mice without hPBL challenge confirmed that the grafts survived and remained populated by human cells for the entire 70-98 days (d) experimental time course (FIG. 10C; FIG. 11A). The collagen, type I scaffold exhibited comparable long-term survival (FIG. 11B). When implanted in hPBL-induced humanized NSG mice, the acellular scaffold exhibited no hCD45+ lymphocyte infiltration (FIG. 11C) despite active GVHD in the host, indicating absence of recognition by the human adaptive immune system. This observation is consistent with previous reports of minimal host response to xenogeneic collagen in human clinical applications43.


Discussion

We have met a series of important milestones towards the development of a fully functioning bioengineered VF mucosa suitable for therapeutic transplantation. These milestones include: concurrent isolation and purification of primary VFF and VFE from individual human donors; 3D organotypic primary culture resulting in recapitulation of key morphologic features and emerging barrier function; confirmation of size scalability; restoration of normal-appearing physiologic vibratory function and acoustic output; and demonstration of tolerance by the human adaptive immune system. The robust biomechanical performance and low immunogenicity of this engineered VF mucosa indicates that our approach could be used to restore voice function in patients with otherwise untreatable VF mucosal impairment or loss.


Although difficult to obtain, and never previously isolated and purified in parallel, we used primary human VFF and VFE as a source of human VFFs and VFEs based on the rationale that these cells are ideally suited for VF mucosal organotypic culture due to their prolonged exposure to phonation-associated mechanical forces in vivo20,21. This approach was successful, and under permissive conditions the cells engaged in mucosal morphogenesis, contributing to assembly of a functional 3D tissue. Given that primary VF mucosal cells are not currently available for large-scale clinical therapeutics, utilization of alternative cell populations, such as embryonic stem cell derivatives15, bone marrow-44-46 or adipose-derived stem cells16,17,47, or non-VF somatic cells48, is an attractive future direction. Such cells might be differentiated towards a VF mucosal cell phenotype, and primed for successful VF organotypic culture and transplantation, by exposure to defined tensile and vibratory forces in a laryngeal bioreactor49-51.


VF vibratory function and mucosal wave travel are highly dependent on tissue viscoelasticity20, which in turn is a direct function of VFF-secreted ECM composition29,30. We seeded cells in a relatively simple collagen, type I-based scaffold material, selected for its cytocompatibility43, high abundance in native human VF mucosa26, and utility in previous organotypic culture systems22,23 and tissue engineering applications43. This initial collagen matrix was augmented by endogenous ECM production by the seeded cells, and the engineered VF mucosa was further strengthened by VFF-driven contraction to the point that it was able to withstand physiologically relevant aerodynamic driving pressures (˜1-3 kPa) and tissue vibration rates (˜100-300 Hz) for accumulated time doses of 10-15 min during our ex vivo experiments.


Still, while physiologic function was comparable, the engineered VF mucosa did not show lamina propria fiber complexity equivalent to mature human VF mucosa. This observation is not surprising considering that, during human development, differentiation of the VF lamina propria ECM into a complex structure with depth-dependent fibrous protein distribution begins at postnatal age 2 months and is not complete until at least 13 years (y)52. Extended culture time, phonation-relevant dosing with mechanical forces (as noted above)49-51, and/or the use of more architecturally relevant scaffold materials such as decellularized VF mucosa53, may provide the additional microenvironmental cues needed to yield even greater maturation in vitro.


The engineered VF mucosa exhibited low immunogenicity when presented to the human adaptive immune system in vivo, suggesting that this primary cell-based approach itself has clinical potential in an allotransplantation scenario. Full development of this approach may require additional orthotopic transplantation experiments, with evaluation of long-term tolerance and physiologic outcomes. These experiments will allow the skilled artisan to determine the optimal nature and length of in vitro organotypic culture prior to transplantation, and the extent to which subsequent in vivo incorporation of host cells and their participation in ongoing ECM remodeling completes the regeneration process.


Free mucosal graft is a technically straightforward procedure in laryngeal reconstruction and, given its limited vascular demand, has high viability39. Key considerations in determining in vivo outcomes, therefore, may be the relative long-term immunoprivilege of the (primary or non-primary) cells used for organotypic culture, as well as the cumulative impact of the host response and local biomechanical environment on long-term graft remodeling.


In summary, this Example provides a framework for the efficient generation of physiologically relevant and clinically useful bioengineered VF mucosae. Beyond its direct potential for therapeutic use, this approach has application to the development of advanced in vitro model systems for VF mucosal disease modeling and preclinical testing of therapeutic agents.


Materials and Methods


Cell Isolation and Culture.


Human VF mucosae (n=10) were obtained from cadavers at autopsy (<6 h post-mortem) and patients undergoing total laryngectomy with no evidence of VF mucosal disease on routine clinical, endoscopic and radiographic work-up. Procurement was performed with approval of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (IRB). Each mucosa was microdissected from its underlying thyroaytenoid muscle, minced with scalpels, and incubated in PBS containing 7.5 mg·mL−1 collagenase, type I (Wako) and 0.5 mg·mL−1 DNase I (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37° C. using 50 Hz agitation for 1 h. Cells released from the ECM were strained through a 40 μm filter (BD Biosciences), rinsed and resuspended in fibroblast-oriented medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS and 100 U·mL−1 antibiotic-antimycotic solution; Sigma-Aldrich), seeded on culture plates pre-coated with Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) containing 30 μg·mL−1 collagen, type I, 10 μg·mL−1 fibronectin and 10 μg·mL−1 BSA54, and incubated at 37° C. in 5% CO2. After 30 min, free-floating non-adherent cells were collected, rinsed in epithelial cell-oriented medium (DMEM/Ham's F-12 supplemented with 15 μg·mL−1 bovine pituitary extract, 10 ng·mL−1 epidermal growth factor, 0.5 μg·mL−1 epinephrine, 5 μg·mL−1 insulin, 10 μg·mL−1 transferrin, 10 ng·mL−1 triiodo-L-thyronine, 0.5 μg·mL−1 hydrocortisone, 0.1 ng·mL−1 retinoic acid, 1.5 μg·mL−1 albumin, 100 U·mL−1 antibiotic-antimycotic solution, and 1% FBS; Sigma-Aldrich)54, reseeded on pre-coated culture plates, and maintained in epithelial cell-oriented culture conditions. Adherent cells were maintained in fibroblast-oriented culture conditions.


Both cell populations were cultured at 37° C. in 5% CO2 and passaged when 80% confluent. Given that epithelial cells, once attached, are more adherent than fibroblasts in 2D culture, we performed additional adherence-based VFE purification at passages 1 and 2, as follows. Cells were incubated with 0.05% trypsin-EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37° C. for 1 minute to detach contaminating VFF, rinsed with PBS, and then incubated with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA at 37° C. for 2 min to detach remaining VFE for subsequent passage. Cell passage was performed using 5×103 cells·cm−2 seeding density. Cells intended for fixation and staining were seeded at 1-3×103 cells·cm−2 density on slide chambers.


Cell Growth Kinetics.


Passage 1-6 VFF and VFE (n=4 biological replicates per condition) were plated at 3×105 cells·cm−2 seeding density in 6-well plates and cultured at 37° C. in 5% CO2. Cells were trypsinized and harvested after 96 hours, stained with trypan blue, and counted. All counts (at the time of cell seeding and harvest) were performed using a hematocytometer in technical quadruplicate. Cell plates were imaged to confirm cell trypsinization and complete detachment. Population doubling time was calculated as 2N=Cf/Ci, where N denotes doubling time, Cf denotes the final cell count at time of harvest, and C, denotes the initial cell count at time of seeding55.


3D Organotypic Culture.


We engineered 167 VF mucosae using 3D organotypic culture. Purified rat tail collagen, type I (BD Biosciences) was prepared to a final concentration of 2.4 mg·mL−1 according to the manufacturer's instructions and seeded with 2×105 VFF·mL−1. Mucosae used for transmucosal resistance experiments were prepared with a reduced fibroblast seeding density of 5.6×104 VFF·mL−1 to reduce scaffold contraction and eliminate detachment from the insert wall. The cell-scaffold mixture was added to the apical chamber of a culture insert (0.14 mL per well of a 24-well insert with 0.4 μm pore size, 0.64 cm diameter, 0.3 cm2 surface area; or 2.0 mL per well of a 6-well insert with 0.4 μm pore size, 2.31 cm diameter, 4.2 cm2 surface area; BD Biosciences). The collagen-based scaffold was then polymerized at 37° C. for 40 min. Fibroblast-oriented medium was added to both apical and basolateral chambers and the cells were cultured for 24 hours. Next, VFE were seeded on the polymerized scaffold surface within the apical chamber (2×105 VFE per well of a 24-well insert; 2×106 VFE per well of a 6-well insert) and cultured in epithelial cell-oriented medium; a 1:1 ratio of fibroblast- and epithelial cell-oriented media was added to the basolateral chamber. After an additional 48 h, the epithelial cell-oriented medium was aspirated from the apical chamber, leaving VFE at the air-liquid interface. We continued organotypic culture for a total of 8-28 d with basolateral chamber media change every 48 h.


As initial histological assessment showed no difference in engineered VF mucosa morphology at 14 and 28 d, we performed all subsequent histological, immunohistochemical, proteomic, physiologic and immunologic assays on samples harvested at 14 d. Experimental comparisons involving the scaffold only, VFF in scaffold and VFE on scaffold involved identical culture conditions for the entire 14 d period.


Ex Vivo Physiologic Experiments.


Ex vivo physiologic data were collected using a previously reported experimental setup56. HSDI data were captured at 13,500 frames·s−1 and calibrated for distance measurement in mm. Acoustic data were digitized at 48 kHz with 16-bit quantization. The microphone and sound level meter (dB A-weighted) were positioned 3 cm from the glottal midpoint.


Previously harvested and cryopreserved canine larynges (n=10) were thawed at 4° C. overnight and the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and false VFs were removed to maximize visual exposure of the true VFs. Arytenoid adduction procedures were performed using 5-0 sutures. Following instrument calibration, each larynx was mounted and then subjected to gradual increases in Ps to obtain Pth. Aerodynamic, acoustic and HSDI data were then collected at Pth, 1.5Pth and 2Pth. For 5 larynges, data were collected under native conditions, following unilateral VF mucosa resection, and following engineered VF mucosa placement. Additional data were collected in a parallel experiment using the remaining 5 larynges and previously cryopreserved human oral mucosa (n=5; harvested from cadavers at autopsy [<6 h post-mortem] under IRB exemption) in place of the engineered VF mucosa. The engineered VF or oral mucosa was attached to the underlying thyroarytenoid muscle using fibrin sealant (Tisseel; Baxter). All ex vivo tissues were draped with saline-soaked gauze between experimental runs to prevent dehydration.



custom-character
ac was derived from acoustic intensity in dB SPL, based on an assumption of uniform acoustic radiation from the glottis in all directions. custom-characteraero was calculated by multiplying Ps in kPa by U in L·s1. Eg was calculated by dividing custom-characterac by custom-characteraero (both in W) and converting to a percentage. HSDI-based analyses of glottal area and vibratory phase differences were performed in Matlab (Mathworks) with implementation of previously described algorithms57-60. Acoustic time-domain plots and narrowband spectrograms (150 ms analysis window) were generated using Praat 5.3.41 (Paul Boersma and David Weenink, University of Amsterdam). Phase plots were generated as previously described61. Qualitative signal typing was performed using previously reported criteria36,37.


Humanized Mouse Experiments.


hPBL were obtained with IRB approval and isolated from individuals with no known hematopoietic disorders via either leukapheresis using lymphocyte separation medium (Cellgro) or routine venipuncture with collection in a lavender-top Vacutainer® tube (BD Biosciences) followed by centrifugation and separation. All samples were subject to ACK lysis of red blood cells and frozen prior to experimental use.


NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice aged 7-8 weeks (wk) were used for all in vivo experiments (n=23; Jackson Laboratory); protocols were approved by the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were conditioned with sublethal (2.5 Gy) total body irradiation; 4 h following irradiation, engineered VF mucosae were implanted under the bilateral renal capsules. The following day, mice received an intravenous injection of 13×106 hPBL that were isolated from an original laryngeal tissue donor and autologous to one of the two engineered VF mucosal grafts. Additional mice were subject to the following conditions: engineered VF mucosal graft implantation followed by delivery of hPBL that were allogeneic to both grafts; engineered VF mucosal graft implantation followed by no hPBL delivery; acellular scaffold implantation followed by hPBL delivery; acellular scaffold implantation followed by no hPBL delivery (n=3-6 per condition).


Mice were monitored every 1-2 d for decrease in body mass and clinical signs consistent with GVHD, such as a hunched posture, ruffled fur, and mobility difficulty: mice who received hPBL were euthanized in response to a >15% decrease in body mass compared to baseline. Other mice were monitored for 70-98 d. Peripheral blood was collected at 7 d post-engraftment and at the experimental endpoint and processed for flow cytometry. Auto- and allografts, acellular scaffolds and eyelids (used as a positive control for xenogeneic GVHD) were harvested at the experimental endpoint and processed for histology and immunohistochemisty.


Flow Cytometry.


Cells were washed and suspended in staining buffer (Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing 2% FBS and 10 mM HEPES). For cell surface staining, single cell suspensions were incubated with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. For intracellular staining, unstained or surface-stained cells were washed, then fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm™ (BD Biosciences) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The permeabilized cells were then incubated with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against the intracellular targets, washed, and resuspended in staining buffer. All antibodies are listed in Table 6. Cells were also incubated with DAPI: a change in DAPI fluorescent intensity was used to gate live versus dead cells. Samples were run on a 4-laser, 14-color LSR II instrument (BD Biosciences) and data were analyzed using FlowJo 8.7.1 (Tree Star). We employed both isotype (Table 6) and fluorescence-minus-one (FMO) controls.


Histology, Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry.


Cells seeded on slide chambers were harvested after 2-3 days in culture and fixed using 2-4% paraformaldehyde. Native and engineered tissues were processed for paraffin (5 μm-thick) and frozen (8 μm-thick) sections. Routine H&E, Alcian blue (pH 2.5, with and without hyaluronidase digestion), Elastic van Gieson, and Movat's pentachrome histological staining was performed on both paraffin and frozen sections to evaluate morphology.


Frozen sections used for immunostaining were incubated with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 15 min, Image iT-FX (Life Technologies) for 30 min, and Block-Ace (AbD Serotech) and 5% donkey serum (Sigma-Aldrich) for 30 min. Fixed cells and sections were incubated with primary antibodies for 90 min followed by appropriate secondary antibodies for 90 min, with thorough wash steps between each incubation step. A complete list of antibodies is provided in Table 7. Following primary and secondary antibody incubations, cells and sections were counterstained with DAPI, covered with Vectashield antifade mounting medium (Vector Labs), and coverslipped.


Paraffin sections used for immunostaining were first processed for antigen retrieval in a decloaking chamber (Biocare Medical) using 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Sections were permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes and incubated with 10% BSA in PBS for 60 minutes to block non-specific binding, prior to incubation with primary antibodies for 60 minutes (Table 7). Thorough washing was performed between each incubation step. For HRP-based detection, endogenous peroxidase was quenched using 3% hydrogen peroxide in PBS. ImmPRESS anti-mouse and anti-rabbit Ig HRP polymers were used for secondary detection (30 minutes incubation) and the ImmPACT DAB kit was used to develop the signal (all reagents from Vector Labs), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated, cleared and coverslipped.


All staining protocols were performed using 5-10 biological replicates, each with two technical replicates. Histological, immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical images were captured using a microscope (E-600; Nikon) equipped with a digital microscopy camera (DP-71; Olympus). Consistent exposure parameters were used for each immunostained protein of interest. Positive control tissues (Table 7) showed expected immunostaining patterns. Negative control sections, stained with an IgG isotype control or without the primary or secondary antibody, showed no immunoreactivity.


Histology- and immunohistochemistry-based cell counts were performed using 10 non-overlapping, high-magnification fields per biological replicate. For measurement of overall cell density in the engineered and native VF mucosae, 0.25 mm2-sized fields were randomly sampled from the central lamina propria region. For measurement of hCD4+hFOXP3+ cell density in the VF auto- and allografts, 0.1 mm2-sized fields were randomly sampled from the deep lamina propria region of each graft (nearest the mouse kidney) as this region contained the greatest number of infiltrating cells. For measurement of hCD4+hFOXP3+ cell density in the mouse eyelid, 0.1 mm2-sized fields were randomly sampled from the meibomian gland-containing region.


Proteomic Analyses.


Proteins were extracted from each sample (n=3 biological replicates per condition) by first adding 150 μL of 4% SDS, 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.6) and 0.1 M dithiothreitol. Next, samples were sonicated (alternating 20 s on/off cycles for 6 min) using a probe sonicator (XL2015 with PN/418 microtip; Misonix), heated to 95° C. for 7 min, and then centrifuged at 16,100 g at 20° C. for 5 min. A 30 μL aliquot of the supernatant was processed according to the filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) protocol for SDS removal and on-filter digestion62,63. Briefly, the supernatant was added to a 30,000 MWCO Vivacon 500 filter (Sartorius), washed, alkylated, and digested with trypsin (50:1 w/w protein-to-trypsin ratio) at 37° C. overnight. The digested sample was desalted using a Sep-Pak C18 1 cc Vac cartridge (Waters), evaporated to dryness in a vacuum centrifuge, and reconstituted in 5% acetonitrile and 2% formic acid in water.


The following mass spectrometry (MS) experiment was performed using two technical replicates per biological replicate. Approximately 1.2 μg of the protein digest, as estimated by a BCA assay (Pierce), was injected into a Waters nanoAcquity HPLC coupled to an ESI ion-trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap Velos; Thermo Scientific). Peptides were separated on a 100 μm-inner-diameter column packed with 20 cm of 3 μm MAGIC aqC18 beads (Bruker-Michrom), which were packed against an in-house laser-pulled tip, and eluted at 0.3 μL·min−1 in 0.1% formic acid with a gradient of increasing acetonitrile, over 2.5 h. A full-mass scan (300-1500 m/z) was performed in the orbitrap at a resolution of 60,000. The ten most intense peaks were then selected for fragmentation by high-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) at 42% collision energy, with a resolution of 7500 and isolation width of 2.5 m/z. Dynamic exclusion was enabled with a repeat count of 2 over 30 seconds (s) and an exclusion duration of 120 s.


We searched the mass spectra against appropriate organism protein databases (Homo sapiens and Rattus norvegicus; UniProt) using the SEQUEST algorithm within Proteome Discoverer (Thermo Scientific). We allowed two missed cleavages, required at least two unique peptides per protein identification, and filtered the results using a 1% peptide false discovery rate. Precursor mass tolerance was set to 25 ppm and 0.05 Da for fragment ion tolerance. Variable methionine and proline oxidation (+15.995 Da) and static carbamidomethylation of cysteines (+57.021 Da) were also used. Spectral counting-based protein quantification was performed using the normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) approach28. Further normalization, based on an assumption of comparable degradation of rat collagen across experimental conditions, was performed using a correction factor calculated from the NSAF values of the 10 most abundant proteins in the collagen, type I-based scaffold. The raw MS data files may be downloaded from the PeptideAtlas peptide data repository64 using the dataset identifier PASS00271.


Protein Array.


Passage 3 VFF were seeded at a density of 2×105 cells·mL−1 collagen, type I and cultured at 37° C. in 5% CO2 for 96 h. Fibroblast-oriented medium was changed every 24 h. Culture supernatants were harvested 48 and 96 h post-seeding, pooled across 6 biological replicates per time point, and processed for measurement of MMP/TIMP concentrations using the Quantibody® Human MMP Array 1 platform (RayBiotech), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Medium only was used as a negative control. Each MMP/TIMP of interest was assayed in technical quadruplicate. The array was scanned and data processed using Q-Analyzer software (RayBiotech).


Rheologic Analyses.


Small-amplitude oscillatory shear measurements (n=4-12 biological replicates per condition) were performed in a Bohlin C-VOR rheometer (Malvern) using 15-mm parallel-plate geometry with a 0.3-0.6 mm gap size (adjusted according to the sample volume) at 37° C. Serrated plates were used to avoid sample slippage during testing. Frequency sweep tests were performed from 0.01-10 Hz under a constant applied stress of 3 Pa, which was determined as the linear viscoelastic limit via stress sweep tests.


Transmucosal Electrical Resistance Analyses.


Electrical resistance measurements (n=4 biological replicates per condition, each with two technical replicates) were performed in 24-well inserts using a Millicell-ERS volt-ohm meter (Millipore), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Samples were rinsed and fresh media were added to the basolateral and apical insert chambers 15-30 min prior to data collection. The resistance value of an insert containing fresh media but no scaffold or cells was subtracted from each sample measurement. Resistance values were then further normalized to the scaffold only condition.


Statistical Analyses.


Technical replicates were averaged and all statistical comparisons were performed using independent biological replicates. NSAF-based quantitative proteomic data were analyzed using a two-tailed Student's t test with implementation of Benjamin-Hochberg correction65 to account for multiple testing. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis was performed using the BiNGO66 (hypergeometric model with Benjamini-Hochberg correction) and REViGO67 (SimRel cutoff=0.4) algorithms. Ontology term enrichment schematics were generated using Cytoscape 2.8.268. Other statistical testing was performed using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute). Flow cytometry, rheology (comparison of slopes of each fitted curve), cell density, transmucosal resistance, Pth, and body mass data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Glottal area and vibratory phase data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with VF mucosa condition and Pth as fixed effects, and their interaction term included. Cell proliferation data were also analyzed using two-way ANOVA, with cell type and culture passage as fixed effects, and their interaction term included. Data were first evaluated for normality and equality of variance using visual inspection of raw data plots and Levene's test; data were rank-transformed where needed to meet the equal variance assumptions of the Student's t test and ANOVA. In all ANOVA models, if the omnibus F test revealed a significant difference, pairwise comparisons were performed using Fisher's protected least significant difference method. Categorical acoustic signal typing data were analyzed using a chi-squared test. An initial (pre-correction) type I error rate of 0.01 was used for all statistical testing; quantitative proteomic data were subject to an additional fold change cutoff of 4. All P-values were two-sided.


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TABLE 1







Lists of proteins identified in LC-MS/MS analysis of scaffold only, VFF in scaffold, VFE on scaffold, engineered VF mucosa and native


VF mucosa. Identifications were based on a 1% false discovery rate. The scaffold was sourced from Rattus norvegicus; VFF, VFE and


native VF mucosa were sourced from Homo sapiens. Proteins are listed in order of descending peptide spectra matches.














UniProt




Sequence

Peptide


accession




coverage
Unique
spectra


number
Protein name
Gene symbol
Organism
Score
(%)
peptides
matches










Scaffold only














P02454
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Rattus norvegicus

14562.52
74.88
79
16858


P02466
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Rattus norvegicus

10402.75
69.39
68
8327


P13941
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Rattus norvegicus

475.78
11.41
8
456


Q29RW1
Myosin-4
MYH4

Rattus norvegicus

414.90
15.58
15
101


P02770
Serum albumin
ALB

Rattus norvegicus

285.30
25.99
14
74


P50609
Fibromodulin
FMOD

Rattus norvegicus

255.20
19.68
5
58


P04937
Fibronectin
FN1

Rattus norvegicus

167.39
5.41
9
45


P68035
Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1
ACTC1

Rattus norvegicus

158.07
19.63
3
39


P60711
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
ACTB

Rattus norvegicus

113.85
20.53
3
28


P01026
Complement C3
C3

Rattus norvegicus

89.00
2.53
3
25


Q6IFW6
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
KRT10

Rattus norvegicus

81.38
9.89
5
24


P11517
Hemoglobin subunit beta-2
HBB2

Rattus norvegicus

66.34
40.14
5
23


P00564
Creatine kinase M-type
CKM

Rattus norvegicus

92.71
20.21
6
22


Q01129
Decorin
DCN

Rattus norvegicus

78.80
15.25
4
21


P04797
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAPDH

Rattus norvegicus

42.24
14.71
3
19


P63018
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
HSPA8

Rattus norvegicus

70.47
7.59
5
19


Q6IMF3
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
KRT1

Rattus norvegicus

64.27
5.60
3
19


P01946
Hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2
HBA1

Rattus norvegicus

74.27
35.21
3
17


P47853
Biglycan
BGN

Rattus norvegicus

50.62
8.94
2
16


P62260
14-3-3 protein epsilon
YWHAE

Rattus norvegicus

44.11
8.63
2
15


Q68FP1
Gelsolin
GSN

Rattus norvegicus

49.45
3.85
2
13


Q6P6Q2
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5
KRT5

Rattus norvegicus

42.90
4.17
2
13


P04462
Myosin-8 (Fragment)
MYH8

Rattus norvegicus

32.58
19.07
2
11


Q9Z1P2
Alpha-actinin-1
ACTN1

Rattus norvegicus

33.89
5.16
4
11


Q62812
Myosin-9
MYH9

Rattus norvegicus

33.15
3.21
5
10


P07335
Creatine kinase B-type
CKB

Rattus norvegicus

24.32
5.51
2
9


P34058
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta
HSP90AB1

Rattus norvegicus

21.83
5.39
3
7


P48037
Annexin A6
ANXA6

Rattus norvegicus

13.18
4.31
3
5


Q63041
Alpha-1-macroglobulin
A1M

Rattus norvegicus

20.75
2.27
2
5


P11980
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2
PKM

Rattus norvegicus

17.00
7.53
2
4


B0BNI5
Olfactomedin-like protein 3
OLFML3

Rattus norvegicus

15.93
9.85
2
3


P04642
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
LDHA

Rattus norvegicus

11.00
7.53
2
3







VFF in scaffold














P02454
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Rattus norvegicus

19037.82
70.06
82
23558


P02452
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Homo sapiens

9435.37
51.91
54
12141


P02466
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Rattus norvegicus

13087.50
67.49
67
11240


P08123
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Homo sapiens

3527.28
43.70
37
3038


Q09666
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein
AHNAK

Homo sapiens

3901.70
45.53
121
1159



AHNAK


P02751
Fibronectin
FN1

Homo sapiens

2589.18
36.92
59
665


P12111
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
COL6A3

Homo sapiens

1935.31
24.99
59
587


P21333
Filamin-A
FLNA

Homo sapiens

2125.93
37.97
65
524


P08670
Vimentin
VIM

Homo sapiens

1767.03
59.23
34
518


P60711
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
ACTB

Rattus norvegicus

1522.82
63.20
16
411


P35579
Myosin-9
MYH9

Homo sapiens

1580.80
37.96
56
396


P12109
Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain
COL6A1

Homo sapiens

901.30
23.35
15
378


P14618
Pyruvate kinase PKM
PKM

Homo sapiens

1333.05
59.70
26
356


P07355
Annexin A2
ANXA2

Homo sapiens

1335.76
58.11
20
350


Q15149
Plectin
PLEC

Homo sapiens

1144.56
19.75
69
329


P02545
Prelamin-A/C [Cleaved into: Lamin-A/C]
LMNA

Homo sapiens

1094.53
54.67
35
326


P02458
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1

Homo sapiens

430.06
7.37
5
305


P07437
Tubulin beta chain
TUBB

Homo sapiens

1015.36
66.89
21
281


Q00610
Clathrin heavy chain 1
CLTC

Homo sapiens

1081.13
27.22
36
268


O43707
Alpha-actinin-4
ACTN4

Homo sapiens

1000.62
51.37
36
265


P68371
Tubulin beta-4B chain
TUBB4B

Homo sapiens

967.12
66.74
21
262


P11021
78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
HSPA5

Homo sapiens

866.31
33.33
18
250


P08238
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta
HSP90AB1

Homo sapiens

880.50
33.01
18
238


P11142
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
HSPA8

Homo sapiens

853.97
39.01
22
236


P04406
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAPDH

Homo sapiens

790.07
46.87
12
235


Q13885
Tubulin beta-2A chain
TUBB2A

Homo sapiens

780.66
56.63
18
221


P15144
Aminopeptidase N
ANPEP

Homo sapiens

776.75
25.54
23
217


P13941
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Rattus norvegicus

235.58
12.03
11
217


P12814
Alpha-actinin-1
ACTN1

Homo sapiens

771.27
36.77
27
215


P68363
Tubulin alpha-1B chain
TUBA1B

Homo sapiens

753.76
50.55
18
215


Q13509
Tubulin beta-3 chain
TUBB3

Homo sapiens

668.44
36.89
14
201


P00558
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
PGK1

Homo sapiens

755.19
52.04
17
199


P04083
Annexin A1
ANXA1

Homo sapiens

758.14
52.60
16
192


P68104
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1
EEF1A1

Homo sapiens

761.73
33.98
11
188


P68035
Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1
ACTC1

Rattus norvegicus

611.13
32.89
10
188


P07900
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
HSP90AA1

Homo sapiens

649.34
21.31
12
183


P05539
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1

Rattus norvegicus

293.86
5.50
4
177


Q9Y490
Talin-1
TLN1

Homo sapiens

638.77
19.91
31
168


P06576
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
ATP5B

Homo sapiens

584.55
39.89
14
161


P06733
Alpha-enolase
ENO1

Homo sapiens

521.99
39.86
13
147


P14625
Endoplasmin
HSP90B1

Homo sapiens

515.39
25.28
15
144


P08758
Annexin A5
ANXA5

Homo sapiens

478.42
55.31
15
141


Q14764
Major vault protein
MVP

Homo sapiens

443.98
31.35
19
132


P50454
Serpin H1
SERPINH1

Homo sapiens

533.29
41.15
13
131


P04264
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
KRT1

Homo sapiens

429.54
28.88
18
125


P07585
Decorin
DCN

Homo sapiens

397.67
43.18
12
123


Q9BUF5
Tubulin beta-6 chain
TUBB6

Homo sapiens

397.03
33.86
13
122


P46940
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1
IQGAP1

Homo sapiens

441.43
19.01
21
121


P62805
Histone H4
HIST1H4A

Homo sapiens

385.21
51.46
6
116


P04075
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
ALDOA

Homo sapiens

494.95
57.69
14
114


O43852
Calumenin
CALU

Homo sapiens

447.18
44.76
14
114


O60814
Histone H2B type 1-K
HIST1H2BK

Homo sapiens

314.19
34.92
4
112


P08133
Annexin A6
ANXA6

Homo sapiens

404.62
33.73
18
111


P11216
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
PYGB

Homo sapiens

415.67
28.23
19
110


P62937
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A
PPIA

Homo sapiens

393.57
55.76
9
110


Q07065
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4
CKAP4

Homo sapiens

378.99
38.70
18
105


P63104
14-3-3 protein zeta/delta
YWHAZ

Homo sapiens

352.91
37.14
8
103


Q14315
Filamin-C
FLNC

Homo sapiens

456.37
11.12
18
101


P07237
Protein disulfide-isomerase
P4HB

Homo sapiens

383.52
35.63
15
101


P00338
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
LDHA

Homo sapiens

340.74
37.95
11
101


P13639
Elongation factor 2
EEF2

Homo sapiens

332.84
28.90
21
101


P18669
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
PGAM1

Homo sapiens

324.02
44.88
9
99


P11413
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
G6PD

Homo sapiens

375.31
27.57
10
98


P67936
Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain
TPM4

Homo sapiens

340.33
47.58
13
98


P60174
Triosephosphate isomerase
TPI1

Homo sapiens

367.86
61.19
12
97


P12110
Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain
COL6A2

Homo sapiens

329.15
22.37
17
96


P18206
Vinculin
VCL

Homo sapiens

294.56
26.81
21
94


Q06830
Peroxiredoxin-1
PRDX1

Homo sapiens

397.52
52.26
9
93


Q6NZI2
Polymerase I and transcript release factor
PTRF

Homo sapiens

339.44
28.21
9
92


P10809
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPD1

Homo sapiens

336.47
28.27
13
91


P25705
ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
ATP5A1

Homo sapiens

321.89
20.43
8
91


P08107
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B
HSPA1A

Homo sapiens

300.85
25.12
11
87


P62260
14-3-3 protein epsilon
YWHAE

Rattus norvegicus

264.94
40.00
8
87


P06396
Gelsolin
GSN

Homo sapiens

359.55
21.10
12
86


P27348
14-3-3 protein theta
YWHAQ

Homo sapiens

294.97
38.37
7
86


P30101
Protein disulfide-isomerase A3
PDIA3

Homo sapiens

293.81
28.12
11
86


Q99536
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1
VAT1

Homo sapiens

294.87
29.77
7
85



homolog


P23284
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B
PPIB

Homo sapiens

268.90
40.28
9
85


O00299
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1
CLIC1

Homo sapiens

342.42
63.90
11
84


P09382
Galectin-1
LGALS1

Homo sapiens

300.65
46.67
5
84


P02768
Serum albumin
ALB

Homo sapiens

319.64
6.73
4
83


P55072
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
VCP

Homo sapiens

344.40
26.30
14
82


P29401
Transketolase
TKT

Homo sapiens

331.79
28.09
12
81


P13489
Ribonuclease inhibitor
RNH1

Homo sapiens

320.57
33.84
10
80


P02461
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Homo sapiens

119.06
9.75
9
77


Q13813
Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTAN1

Homo sapiens

287.37
12.46
21
76


Q16555
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2
DPYSL2

Homo sapiens

285.66
35.14
12
74


P38646
Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial
HSPA9

Homo sapiens

275.02
17.23
9
74


Q04828
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1
AKR1C1

Homo sapiens

282.79
35.91
8
73


Q9NZN4
EH domain-containing protein 2
EHD2

Homo sapiens

275.71
38.31
15
73


P27797
Calreticulin
CALR

Homo sapiens

295.72
37.41
9
72


P63244
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit
GNB2L1

Homo sapiens

254.12
55.84
11
72



beta-2-like 1


Q99715
Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain
COL12A1

Homo sapiens

251.62
8.23
18
72


P49368
T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma
CCT3

Homo sapiens

251.20
29.17
11
72


P53396
ATP-citrate synthase
ACLY

Homo sapiens

254.08
16.71
12
71


P07195
L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
LDHB

Homo sapiens

228.06
37.43
10
70


P49327
Fatty acid synthase
FASN

Homo sapiens

276.72
11.87
18
69


P23528
Cofilin-1
CFL1

Homo sapiens

283.28
56.02
8
68


Q14204
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1
DYNC1H1

Homo sapiens

240.66
6.03
21
67


P51149
Ras-related protein Rab-7a
RAB7A

Homo sapiens

226.35
47.83
9
66


P09211
Glutathione S-transferase P
GSTP1

Homo sapiens

284.60
48.57
6
65


P02765
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
AHSG

Homo sapiens

248.58
5.45
3
64


O60664
Perilipin-3
PLIN3

Homo sapiens

227.81
30.88
8
62


P37802
Transgelin-2
TAGLN2

Homo sapiens

217.26
41.21
7
59


P21980
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase
TGM2

Homo sapiens

200.88
13.54
6
58



2


P08865
40S ribosomal protein SA
RPSA

Homo sapiens

228.76
31.86
7
57


Q03135
Caveolin-1
CAV1

Homo sapiens

206.84
63.48
9
57


P40926
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
MDH2

Homo sapiens

223.19
36.69
9
56


P27824
Calnexin
CANX

Homo sapiens

209.31
15.37
6
56


P60660
Myosin light polypeptide 6
MYL6

Homo sapiens

179.26
39.07
5
56


P11766
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
ADH5

Homo sapiens

256.32
22.99
6
55


P31946
14-3-3 protein beta/alpha
YWHAB

Homo sapiens

197.15
28.46
5
55


P04792
Heat shock protein beta-1
HSPB1

Homo sapiens

193.74
49.76
7
55


P07737
Profilin-1
PFN1

Homo sapiens

166.70
63.57
7
55


P21796
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC1

Homo sapiens

235.02
27.21
6
54



protein 1


P05387
60S acidic ribosomal protein P2
RPLP2

Homo sapiens

228.69
69.57
4
54


P16152
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
CBR1

Homo sapiens

227.14
41.16
7
54


P05388
60S acidic ribosomal protein P0
RPLP0

Homo sapiens

222.31
35.02
7
54


Q9H299
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like
SH3BGRL3

Homo sapiens

199.84
31.18
3
54



protein 3


Q15084
Protein disulfide-isomerase A6
PDIA6

Homo sapiens

196.61
32.50
9
54


O75083
WD repeat-containing protein 1
WDR1

Homo sapiens

275.17
26.57
8
53


P17301
Integrin alpha-2
ITGA2

Homo sapiens

197.72
11.52
9
53


P46821
Microtubule-associated protein 1B
MAP1B

Homo sapiens

180.13
9.08
14
52


P61158
Actin-related protein 3
ACTR3

Homo sapiens

222.55
37.80
10
51


P26038
Moesin
MSN

Homo sapiens

180.77
19.93
12
51


P35237
Serpin B6
SERPINB6

Homo sapiens

176.70
26.06
8
51


P35908
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal
KRT2

Homo sapiens

168.33
22.54
11
51


P00387
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
CYB5R3

Homo sapiens

188.27
31.56
7
50


P61961
14-3-3 protein gamma
YWHAG

Homo sapiens

172.74
24.70
5
50


Q15365
Poly(rC)-binding protein 1
PCBP1

Homo sapiens

172.07
32.02
6
50


P13645
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
KRT10

Homo sapiens

165.38
29.28
12
50


Q14697
Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB
GANAB

Homo sapiens

234.90
10.59
6
49


Q01082
Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTBN1

Homo sapiens

162.63
10.24
16
49


Q9NZM1
Myoferlin
MYOF

Homo sapiens

184.03
9.70
13
48


P22314
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1
UBA1

Homo sapiens

182.43
15.03
11
48


Q01518
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1
CAP1

Homo sapiens

174.85
17.47
7
48


Q15019
Septin-2
41884

Homo sapiens

171.34
38.23
8
48


P22626
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1
HNRNPA2B1

Homo sapiens

156.70
20.11
6
48


P23396
40S ribosomal protein S3
RPS3

Homo sapiens

139.84
38.68
8
48


P04843
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN1

Homo sapiens

185.20
23.56
9
47



glycosyltransferase subunit 1


Q96AG4
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 59
LRRC59

Homo sapiens

172.33
23.45
5
47


P21810
Biglycan
BGN

Homo sapiens

183.82
28.80
9
46


P61978
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
HNRNPK

Homo sapiens

175.85
28.08
9
46


P61204
ADP-ribosylation factor 3
ARF3

Homo sapiens

150.47
38.67
6
46


P30050
60S ribosomal protein L12
RPL12

Homo sapiens

168.79
54.55
6
45


P30086
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1
PEBP1

Homo sapiens

155.97
50.27
5
45


P26641
Elongation factor 1-gamma
EEF1G

Homo sapiens

164.58
21.97
7
44


P12882
Myosin-1
MYH1

Homo sapiens

160.33
8.92
12
44


P62241
40S ribosomal protein S8
RPS8

Homo sapiens

149.78
32.69
5
44


P62424
60S ribosomal protein L7a
RPL7A

Homo sapiens

144.33
18.42
5
44


Q96D15
Reticulocalbin-3
RCN3

Homo sapiens

177.77
21.95
4
43


P36578
60S ribosomal protein L4
RPL4

Homo sapiens

136.85
13.35
5
43


P30041
Peroxiredoxin-6
PRDX6

Homo sapiens

134.23
41.07
8
43


Q92928
Putative Ras-related protein Rab-1C
RAB1C

Homo sapiens

129.95
22.89
4
43


P04844
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN2

Homo sapiens

175.85
29.64
10
42



glycosyltransferase subunit 2


P17655
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit
CAPN2

Homo sapiens

161.98
17.43
8
42


P00367
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
GLUD1

Homo sapiens

157.44
25.63
10
42


P49748
Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA
ACADVL

Homo sapiens

156.86
21.07
9
42



dehydrogenase, mitochondrial


P07339
Cathepsin D
CTSD

Homo sapiens

146.93
20.63
6
42


P09525
Annexin A4
ANXA4

Homo sapiens

135.78
31.03
8
42


Q96AY3
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP10
FKBP10

Homo sapiens

133.36
11.86
5
42


Q9GZV4
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-2
EIF5A2

Homo sapiens

164.28
19.61
3
41


P40939
Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha,
HADHA

Homo sapiens

159.99
17.96
8
41



mitochondrial


O60701
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
UGDH

Homo sapiens

145.28
25.71
9
41


P02538
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A
KRT6A

Homo sapiens

139.17
26.77
13
41


P18085
ADP-ribosylation factor 4
ARF4

Homo sapiens

122.95
48.89
8
41


P24534
Elongation factor 1-beta
EEF1B2

Homo sapiens

172.02
20.44
3
40


P68871
Hemoglobin subunit beta
HBB

Homo sapiens

134.50
38.78
5
40


P50990
T-complex protein 1 subunit theta
CCT6

Homo sapiens

134.31
16.97
7
40


P12236
ADP/ATP translocase 3
SLC25A6

Homo sapiens

112.19
27.85
8
40


P09972
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C
ALDOC

Homo sapiens

171.14
18.41
4
38


P22392
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B
NME2

Homo sapiens

130.86
34.21
4
38


P60842
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I
EIF4A1

Homo sapiens

119.34
13.30
4
38


P05141
ADP/ATP translocase 2
SLC25A5

Homo sapiens

107.37
28.19
8
38


P04080
Cystatin-B
CSTB

Homo sapiens

150.19
45.92
3
37


P62158
Calmodulin
CALM1

Homo sapiens

149.55
29.53
4
37


P52209
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,
PGD

Homo sapiens

146.06
18.22
6
37



decarboxylating


P01033
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1
TIMP1

Homo sapiens

145.27
28.02
4
37


Q86VP6
Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1
CAND1

Homo sapiens

126.64
9.02
8
37


Q07020
60S ribosomal protein L18
RPL18

Homo sapiens

112.50
30.85
5
37


P60033
CD81 antigen
CD81

Homo sapiens

193.33
25.00
3
36


P07858
Cathepsin B
CTSB

Homo sapiens

176.56
23.60
5
36


Q9Y678
Coatomer subunit gamma-1
COPG1

Homo sapiens

151.53
10.41
6
36


P52907
F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1
ALB

Homo sapiens

138.39
34.62
6
36


P19105
Myosin regulatory light chain 12A
CAPZA1

Homo sapiens

134.09
39.18
5
36


P21589
5′-nucleotidase
MYL12A

Homo sapiens

125.92
18.82
8
36


Q96KK5
Histone H2A type 1-H
NT5E

Homo sapiens

123.16
27.34
3
36


P50995
Annexin A11
HIST1H2AH

Homo sapiens

121.26
15.84
6
36


Q969G5
Protein kinase C delta-binding protein
ANXA11

Homo sapiens

119.53
25.29
6
36


P52565
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1
PRKCDBP

Homo sapiens

117.26
21.08
4
36


P45880
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
ARHGDIA

Homo sapiens

111.78
18.03
4
36



protein 2


Q96CX2
BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD12
VDAC2

Homo sapiens

111.07
14.77
4
36


P02770
Serum albumin
KCTD12

Rattus norvegicus

139.43
5.92
3
36


P62979
Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a
RPS27A

Homo sapiens

119.99
33.97
4
35


P40925
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1

Homo sapiens

115.14
25.15
6
35


P05556
Integrin beta-1
ITGB1

Homo sapiens

114.15
9.77
6
35


P50395
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta
FMOD

Homo sapiens

126.73
21.35
6
34


P61247
40S ribosomal protein S3a
GDI2

Homo sapiens

116.67
18.18
4
34


P07384
Calpain-1 catalytic subunit
RPS3A

Homo sapiens

114.52
7.56
4
34


P10599
Thioredoxin
CAPN1

Homo sapiens

111.79
22.86
2
34


P36955
Pigment epithelium-derived factor
TXN

Homo sapiens

111.21
11.96
4
34


P07910
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2
SERPINF1

Homo sapiens

96.99
13.07
4
34


P50609
Fibromodulin
HNRNPC

Rattus norvegicus

129.65
11.17
3
34


P62906
60S ribosomal protein L10a
RPL10A

Homo sapiens

130.04
25.81
4
33


P62888
60S ribosomal protein L30
RPL30

Homo sapiens

113.47
34.78
3
33


P51884
Lumican
LUM

Homo sapiens

107.66
24.56
6
33


Q16658
Fascin
FSCN1

Homo sapiens

128.33
17.04
7
32


Q01813
6-phosphofructokinase type C
PFKP

Homo sapiens

126.94
10.46
5
32


P69905
Hemoglobin subunit alpha
HBA1;

Homo sapiens

124.85
28.17
3
32


P04216
Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein
THY1

Homo sapiens

121.63
24.22
3
32


P14314
Glucosidase 2 subunit beta
PRKCSH

Homo sapiens

120.87
9.85
4
32


P23219
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
PTGS1

Homo sapiens

120.15
12.85
5
32


Q15293
Reticulocalbin-1
RCN1

Homo sapiens

118.65
22.36
4
32


P04899
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i)
GNAI2

Homo sapiens

117.69
20.28
5
32



subunit alpha-2


P78417
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1
GSTO1

Homo sapiens

97.78
19.92
4
32


P55209
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1
NAP1L1

Homo sapiens

125.54
14.58
4
31


P62701
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform
RPS4X

Homo sapiens

116.91
25.10
5
31


P12956
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6
XRCC6

Homo sapiens

94.21
12.32
6
31


Q16851
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
UGP2

Homo sapiens

154.66
12.60
4
30


P06744
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
GPI

Homo sapiens

127.61
17.74
5
30


Q9Y696
Chloride intracellular channel protein 4
CLIC4

Homo sapiens

122.96
40.32
7
30


P30153
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65
PPP2R1A

Homo sapiens

116.53
19.52
7
30



kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform


Q9NQC3
Reticulon-4
RTN4

Homo sapiens

105.15
9.65
6
30


P34932
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4
HSPA4

Homo sapiens

97.65
12.86
7
30


Q15366
Poly(rC)-binding protein 2
PCBP2

Homo sapiens

96.66
14.79
4
30


P83731
60S ribosomal protein L24
DCN

Homo sapiens

90.70
20.38
3
30


P62249
40S ribosomal protein S16
RPL24

Homo sapiens

85.51
22.60
3
30


Q01129
Decorin
RPS16

Rattus norvegicus

90.83
22.60
7
30


P07108
Acyl-CoA-binding protein
DBI

Homo sapiens

129.14
50.57
3
29


P29373
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2
CRABP2

Homo sapiens

126.14
34.78
4
29


P09651
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
HNRNPA1

Homo sapiens

110.16
30.11
8
29


P16070
CD44 antigen
CD44

Homo sapiens

108.92
3.77
2
29


O43390
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R
HNRNPR

Homo sapiens

103.11
9.79
5
29


P51991
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3
HNRNPA3

Homo sapiens

99.86
17.20
5
29


P39019
40S ribosomal protein S19
RPS19

Homo sapiens

84.77
35.86
7
29


P07686
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
HEXB

Homo sapiens

78.39
7.55
4
29


Q04446
1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme
GBE1

Homo sapiens

126.14
16.95
7
28


P62829
60S ribosomal protein L23
RPL23

Homo sapiens

103.56
25.00
2
28


P10909
Clusterin
CLU

Homo sapiens

97.80
14.03
4
28


P55786
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase
C3

Homo sapiens

86.55
5.98
5
28


P00505
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
NPEPPS

Homo sapiens

84.77
11.40
4
28


P01026
Complement C3 [Cleaved into: Complement
GOT2

Rattus norvegicus

90.69
1.74
2
28



C3 beta chain; Complement C3 alpha chain]


P35527
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9
KRT9

Homo sapiens

117.56
25.36
10
27


P13667
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4
PDIA4

Homo sapiens

109.73
12.25
5
27


P50991
T-complex protein 1 subunit delta
CCT4

Homo sapiens

108.02
10.95
4
27


Q00839
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U
HNRNPU

Homo sapiens

96.33
12.97
6
27


P30044
Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial
PRDX5

Homo sapiens

89.27
26.17
4
27


P07602
Proactivator polypeptide [Cleaved into:
PSAP

Homo sapiens

78.87
10.31
5
27



Saposin-A]


P20810
Calpastatin
CAST

Homo sapiens

119.50
10.88
4
26


P17931
Galectin-3
LGALS3

Homo sapiens

98.39
15.20
3
26


P22105
Tenascin-X
TNXB

Homo sapiens

96.39
4.17
8
26


P60903
Protein S100-A10
S100A10

Homo sapiens

95.99
17.53
2
26


P62277
40S ribosomal protein S13
RPS13

Homo sapiens

93.59
17.88
2
26


P23634
Plasma membrane calcium-transporting
ATP2B4

Homo sapiens

93.32
6.29
5
26



ATPase 4


P32119
Peroxiredoxin-2
PRDX2

Homo sapiens

89.25
14.65
3
26


P46782
40S ribosomal protein S5 [Cleaved into: 40S
RPS5

Homo sapiens

87.53
13.73
2
26



ribosomal protein S5, N-terminally processed]


P19823
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2
ITIH2

Homo sapiens

86.44
3.91
3
26


Q14974
Importin subunit beta-1
KPNB1

Homo sapiens

82.63
13.70
8
26


P53618
Coatomer subunit beta
COPB1

Homo sapiens

81.46
12.38
8
26


P31949
Protein S100-A11
S100A11

Homo sapiens

73.32
25.71
3
26


P59998
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4
ARPC4

Homo sapiens

71.67
17.88
3
26


Q7KZF4
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing
SND1

Homo sapiens

100.24
8.35
5
25



protein 1


P18124
60S ribosomal protein L7
RPL7

Homo sapiens

89.60
16.13
3
25


Q12797
Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase
ASPH

Homo sapiens

83.42
10.55
5
25


Q8NBS9
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5
TXNDC5

Homo sapiens

111.81
9.26
3
24


P47756
F-actin-capping protein subunit beta
CAPZB

Homo sapiens

97.32
17.33
3
24


P47755
F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2
CAPZA2

Homo sapiens

93.19
28.67
5
24


P06748
Nucleophosmin
NPM1

Homo sapiens

88.64
12.24
3
24


P15531
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A
NME1

Homo sapiens

82.11
33.55
4
24


P01024
Complement C3
C3

Homo sapiens

79.98
2.47
3
24


P53621
Coatomer subunit alpha
COPA

Homo sapiens

76.36
7.76
7
24


O75915
PRA1 family protein 3
ARL6IP5

Homo sapiens

71.25
15.96
2
24


Q15582
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced
TGFBI

Homo sapiens

71.03
7.91
4
24



protein ig-h3


P60981
Destrin
DSTN

Homo sapiens

67.90
25.45
4
24


P02774
Vitamin D-binding protein
GC

Homo sapiens

116.41
6.33
2
23


P62263
40S ribosomal protein S14
RPS14

Homo sapiens

90.99
27.81
3
23


P63010
AP-2 complex subunit beta
AP2B1

Homo sapiens

87.06
8.54
5
23


O43399
Tumor protein D54
TPD52L2

Homo sapiens

85.22
24.27
3
23


P62826
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran
RAN

Homo sapiens

82.88
22.69
4
23


P61106
Ras-related protein Rab-14
RAB14

Homo sapiens

82.68
25.58
3
23


P08134
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
RHOC

Homo sapiens

78.51
26.94
4
23


P17980
26S protease regulatory subunit 6A
PSMC3

Homo sapiens

76.14
17.08
5
23


P62879
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNB2

Homo sapiens

69.24
15.59
5
23



G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2


Q13838
Spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B
DDX39B

Homo sapiens

68.43
10.51
4
23


P02533
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14
KRT14

Homo sapiens

64.86
17.80
9
23


O75390
Citrate synthase, mitochondrial
CS

Homo sapiens

63.78
10.09
4
23


Q92743
Serine protease HTRA1
HTRA1

Homo sapiens

61.31
8.75
4
23


P62269
40S ribosomal protein S18
RPS18

Homo sapiens

60.45
16.45
3
23


Q07021
Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-
C1QBP

Homo sapiens

94.64
12.06
3
22



binding protein, mitochondrial


P62244
40S ribosomal protein S15a
RPS15A

Homo sapiens

93.74
24.62
3
22


P13693
Translationally-controlled tumor protein
TPT1

Homo sapiens

82.09
12.21
2
22


O60506
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q
SYNCRIP

Homo sapiens

80.19
13.16
6
22


Q00325
Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial
SLC25A3

Homo sapiens

75.91
14.64
4
22


P78527
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic
PRKDC

Homo sapiens

74.42
2.06
6
22



subunit


P15880
40S ribosomal protein S2
RPS2

Homo sapiens

71.50
16.04
4
22


Q96TA1
Niban-like protein 1
FAM129B

Homo sapiens

70.01
9.79
5
22


P62857
40S ribosomal protein S28
RPS28

Homo sapiens

69.54
33.33
2
22


P02788
Lactotransferrin
LTF

Homo sapiens

61.38
4.23
3
22


P62942
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A
FKBP1A

Homo sapiens

87.52
29.63
3
21


P15559
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
NQO1

Homo sapiens

81.73
13.50
3
21


O00159
Unconventional myosin-Ic
MYO1C

Homo sapiens

69.32
8.18
6
21


Q9BSJ8
Extended synaptotagmin-1
ESYT1

Homo sapiens

66.23
8.70
7
21


P02787
Serotransferrin
TF

Homo sapiens

66.03
16.76
8
21


Q8WUM4
Programmed cell death 6-interacting protein
PDCD6IP

Homo sapiens

64.27
7.49
4
21


P17987
T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha
TCP1

Homo sapiens

61.00
10.79
5
21


P16403
Histone H1.2
HIST1H1C

Homo sapiens

57.53
15.49
3
21


P05366
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1
RPLP1

Homo sapiens

110.45
57.02
3
20


P68036
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3
UBE2L3

Homo sapiens

92.04
35.71
3
20


P25398
40S ribosomal protein S12
RPS12

Homo sapiens

84.49
31.82
3
20


P31943
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
HNRNPH1

Homo sapiens

76.64
10.02
3
20


Q99623
Prohibitin-2
PHB2

Homo sapiens

76.40
16.72
4
20


Q07954
Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
LRP1

Homo sapiens

75.28
2.13
6
20


P12955
Xaa-Pro dipeptidase
PEPD

Homo sapiens

74.39
8.32
3
20


O95782
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1
AP2A1

Homo sapiens

71.27
5.94
4
20


P56134
ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial
ATP5J2

Homo sapiens

61.83
25.53
2
20


P26447
Protein S100-A4
S100A4

Homo sapiens

61.18
28.71
3
20


P06779
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16
KRT16

Homo sapiens

54.25
15.01
8
20


P78371
T-complex protein 1 subunit beta
CCT2

Homo sapiens

81.92
17.01
6
19


P62140
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-
PPP1CB

Homo sapiens

67.52
21.41
6
19



beta catalytic subunit


P29692
Elongation factor 1-delta
EEF1D

Homo sapiens

61.11
17.08
3
19


P46783
40S ribosomal protein S10
RPS10

Homo sapiens

58.94
14.55
2
19


P19338
Nucleolin
NCL

Homo sapiens

58.45
9.30
5
19


P13797
Plastin-3
PLS3

Homo sapiens

56.74
16.67
8
19


Q6NXT2
Histone H3.3C
H3F3C

Homo sapiens

54.28
11.85
2
19


P35606
Coatomer subunit beta′
COPB2

Homo sapiens

52.01
10.82
7
19


P46781
40S ribosomal protein S9
RPS9

Homo sapiens

50.85
17.53
4
19


P26599
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1
PTBP1

Homo sapiens

75.12
15.63
4
18


P31939
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH
ATIC

Homo sapiens

68.66
8.78
4
18



[Includes:



Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide



formyltransferase]


P49755
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED10

Homo sapiens

68.15
12.79
2
18



protein 10


P49411
Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial
TUFM

Homo sapiens

66.68
18.58
5
18


P14550
Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
AKR1A1

Homo sapiens

63.84
13.54
4
18


Q14195
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3
DPYSL3

Homo sapiens

62.54
21.58
8
18


Q15436
Protein transport protein Sec23A
SEC23A

Homo sapiens

60.90
5.75
3
18


Q9Y2Q3
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1
GSTK1

Homo sapiens

59.42
23.89
4
18


Q14108
Lysosome membrane protein 2
SCARB2

Homo sapiens

58.13
9.00
3
18


P48444
Coatomer subunit delta
ARCN1

Homo sapiens

56.94
6.46
3
18


P41250
Glycine-tRNA ligase
GARS

Homo sapiens

55.95
7.71
4
18


Q04760
Lactoylglutathione lyase
GLO1

Homo sapiens

54.07
19.57
3
18


P50914
60S ribosomal protein L14
RPL14

Homo sapiens

53.56
15.35
3
18


P35232
Prohibitin
PHB

Homo sapiens

53.10
12.13
3
18


P11940
Polyadenylate-binding protein 1
PABPC1

Homo sapiens

49.49
7.55
4
18


Q9H4M9
EH domain-containing protein 1
EHD1

Homo sapiens

79.67
12.36
4
17


Q15185
Prostaglandin E synthase 3
PTGES3

Homo sapiens

73.37
24.38
3
17


Q13492
Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein
PICALM

Homo sapiens

61.52
4.91
2
17


P60953
Cell division control protein 42 homolog
CDC42

Homo sapiens

61.37
20.42
3
17


P54920
Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
NAPA

Homo sapiens

58.25
17.97
4
17


O00571
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X
DDX3X

Homo sapiens

55.60
9.67
5
17


Q13162
Peroxiredoxin-4
PRDX4

Homo sapiens

48.19
11.81
3
17


P61160
Actin-related protein 2
ACTR2

Homo sapiens

44.56
17.77
6
17


P30048
Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase,
PRDX3

Homo sapiens

79.84
18.75
2
16



mitochondrial


P62280
40S ribosomal protein S11
RPS11

Homo sapiens

67.34
16.46
2
16


Q8IUX7
Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1
AEBP1

Homo sapiens

65.82
5.96
4
16


P55084
Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta,
HADHB

Homo sapiens

63.53
9.28
3
16



mitochondrial


Q07960
Rho GTPase-activating protein 1
ARHGAP1

Homo sapiens

62.30
14.81
4
16


P98160
Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate
HSPG2

Homo sapiens

61.92
1.80
5
16



proteoglycan core protein


P54709
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1B3

Homo sapiens

58.07
17.20
3
16



subunit beta-3


P37837
Transaldolase
TALDO1

Homo sapiens

53.35
7.12
2
16


P61224
Ras-related protein Rap-1b
RAP1B

Homo sapiens

49.98
20.65
3
16


Q14103
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0
HNRNPD

Homo sapiens

48.34
6.76
2
16


P14866
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
HNRNPL

Homo sapiens

71.48
8.66
2
15


P51636
Caveolin-2
CAV2

Homo sapiens

65.54
29.63
3
15


O15511
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5
ARPC5

Homo sapiens

61.90
20.53
2
15


O43242
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD3

Homo sapiens

61.84
5.62
2
15



subunit 3


Q08211
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A
DHX9

Homo sapiens

61.31
5.04
4
15


Q15181
Inorganic pyrophosphatase
PPA1

Homo sapiens

60.87
23.18
4
15


P46777
60S ribosomal protein L5
RPL5

Homo sapiens

60.47
19.87
4
15


P61604
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPE1

Homo sapiens

58.06
33.33
3
15


P10620
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1
MGST1

Homo sapiens

57.64
19.35
2
15


Q13765
Nascent polypeptide-associated complex
NACA

Homo sapiens

56.71
18.60
3
15



subunit alpha


P17858
6-phosphofructokinase, liver type
PFKL

Homo sapiens

55.45
6.54
3
15


Q9P2E9
Ribosome-binding protein 1
RRBP1

Homo sapiens

52.97
6.60
6
15


P16615
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium
ATP2A2

Homo sapiens

52.48
5.37
4
15



ATPase 2


P15121
Aldose reductase
AKR1B1

Homo sapiens

51.96
24.37
4
15


Q8NC51
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-binding
SERBP1

Homo sapiens

49.13
18.14
5
15



protein


P51659
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
HSD17B4

Homo sapiens

48.08
11.01
5
15


P10155
60 kDa SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein
TROVE2

Homo sapiens

48.07
4.46
2
15


O94979
Protein transport protein Sec31A
SEC31A

Homo sapiens

47.81
4.51
4
15


P46778
60S ribosomal protein L21
RPL21

Homo sapiens

46.39
27.50
3
15


P78539
Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX
SRPX

Homo sapiens

45.56
7.76
3
15


P51148
Ras-related protein Rab-5C
RAB5C

Homo sapiens

44.79
23.15
4
15


Q14647
LIM and SH3 domain protein 1
LASP1

Homo sapiens

44.78
14.18
3
15


Q9ULV4
Coronin-1C
CORO1C

Homo sapiens

44.37
8.23
3
15


O43776
Asparagine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
NARS

Homo sapiens

43.41
8.94
4
15


Q14152
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3A

Homo sapiens

42.47
3.47
4
15



A


P35268
60S ribosomal protein L22
RPL22

Homo sapiens

41.79
18.75
2
15


P37235
Hippocalcin-like protein 1
HPCAL1

Homo sapiens

41.04
23.83
4
15


P00441
Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
SOD1

Homo sapiens

75.69
32.47
4
14


Q99460
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD1

Homo sapiens

69.67
5.46
3
14



subunit 1


Q08431
Lactadherin
MFGE8

Homo sapiens

67.71
8.53
2
14


O95373
Importin-7
IPO7

Homo sapiens

61.22
4.53
3
14


Q16181
Septin-7
41889

Homo sapiens

55.03
13.50
4
14


Q13200
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2
PSMD2

Homo sapiens

53.05
5.18
3
14


Q9Y265
RuvB-like 1
RUVBL1

Homo sapiens

50.48
15.79
5
14


Q9UBG0
C-type mannose receptor 2
MRC2

Homo sapiens

48.78
2.77
3
14


P51571
Translocon-associated protein subunit delta
SSR4

Homo sapiens

44.44
24.86
3
14


Q9H8H3
Methyltransferase-like protein 7A
METTL7A

Homo sapiens

42.92
12.30
2
14


Q16698
2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial
DECR1

Homo sapiens

40.03
13.73
3
14


Q9UHD8
Septin-9
41891

Homo sapiens

39.86
11.60
5
14


Q9NVA2
Septin-11
41893

Homo sapiens

38.96
11.19
4
14


Q99829
Copine-1
CPNE1

Homo sapiens

38.95
6.33
3
14


Q92499
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1
DDX1

Homo sapiens

64.96
7.43
3
13


P07099
Epoxide hydrolase 1
EPHX1

Homo sapiens

62.32
10.77
3
13


Q99497
Protein DJ-1
PARK7

Homo sapiens

58.25
29.63
3
13


P40227
T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta
CCT6A

Homo sapiens

57.05
6.97
2
13


P28838
Cytosol aminopeptidase
LAP3

Homo sapiens

51.95
12.33
4
13


Q9UBI6
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNG12

Homo sapiens

50.08
31.94
2
13



G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12


O14818
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7
PSMA7

Homo sapiens

48.17
20.56
3
13


P19367
Hexokinase-1
HK1

Homo sapiens

45.34
5.89
4
13


P39023
60S ribosomal protein L3
RPL3

Homo sapiens

44.04
12.66
3
13


Q6YHK3
CD109 antigen
CD109

Homo sapiens

42.37
7.47
7
13


P46776
60S ribosomal protein L27a
RPL27A

Homo sapiens

39.08
14.19
2
13


Q99584
Protein S100-A13
S100A13

Homo sapiens

39.08
23.47
2
13


Q15636
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3
VAMP3

Homo sapiens

38.92
33.00
2
13


Q92688
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32
ANP32B

Homo sapiens

38.66
15.94
3
13



family member B


Q9Y6N5
Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
SQRDL

Homo sapiens

37.33
10.00
4
13


P62318
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D3
SNRPD3

Homo sapiens

34.78
15.08
2
13


P01008
Antithrombin-III
SERPINC1

Homo sapiens

45.87
4.31
2
12


P28066
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5
PSMA5

Homo sapiens

43.47
22.41
3
12


O75874
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic
IDH1

Homo sapiens

41.65
10.14
3
12


P48047
ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial
ATP5O

Homo sapiens

40.13
29.11
4
12


Q9BWM7
Sideroflexin-3
SFXN3

Homo sapiens

37.95
8.62
2
12


P61088
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N
UBE2N

Homo sapiens

36.77
27.63
3
12


Q05682
Caldesmon
CALD1

Homo sapiens

36.05
5.30
4
12


P38159
RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome
RBMX

Homo sapiens

35.98
8.95
3
12


O15260
Surfeit locus protein 4
SURF4

Homo sapiens

35.84
8.55
2
12


P30493
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-55
HLA-B

Homo sapiens

34.77
14.64
4
12



alpha chain


P62851
40S ribosomal protein S25
RPS25

Homo sapiens

34.69
16.00
3
12


P27816
Microtubule-associated protein 4
MAP4

Homo sapiens

34.36
4.69
4
12


P61353
60S ribosomal protein L27
RPL27

Homo sapiens

33.55
27.94
3
12


P52272
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M
HNRNPM

Homo sapiens

33.53
7.67
4
12


Q15417
Calponin-3
CNN3

Homo sapiens

33.42
10.64
3
12


P49773
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1
HINT1

Homo sapiens

69.01
34.92
2
11


Q15121
Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15
PEA15

Homo sapiens

52.21
27.69
3
11


Q12905
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2
ILF2

Homo sapiens

43.95
8.72
2
11


P68402
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta
PAFAH1B2

Homo sapiens

43.27
12.23
2
11


P08253
72 kDa type IV collagenase
MMP2

Homo sapiens

42.46
10.91
4
11


P62333
26S protease regulatory subunit 10B
PSMC6

Homo sapiens

41.19
14.91
4
11


P36957
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue
DLST

Homo sapiens

40.04
10.15
3
11



succinyltransferase component of 2-



oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex,



mitochondrial


P61313
60S ribosomal protein L15
RPL15

Homo sapiens

38.61
12.75
2
11


P04632
Calpain small subunit 1
CAPNS1

Homo sapiens

36.46
16.42
3
11


P11047
Laminin subunit gamma-1
LAMC1

Homo sapiens

36.41
1.74
2
11


P08195
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain
SLC3A2

Homo sapiens

34.57
4.13
2
11


Q01105
Protein SET
SET

Homo sapiens

34.28
12.07
3
11


Q9Y277
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3
VDAC3

Homo sapiens

34.15
19.08
4
11


P62753
40S ribosomal protein S6
RPS6

Homo sapiens

31.26
10.84
2
11


O14979
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-
HNRNPDL

Homo sapiens

31.19
9.76
3
11



like


P30040
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29
ERP29

Homo sapiens

29.37
8.43
2
11


O00410
Importin-5
IPO5

Homo sapiens

46.49
6.47
4
10


Q8IWE2
Protein NOXP20
FAM114A1

Homo sapiens

45.84
5.68
2
10


O14579
Coatomer subunit epsilon
COPE

Homo sapiens

44.19
6.82
2
10


O00154
Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
ACOT7

Homo sapiens

41.44
12.37
3
10


Q9Y3F4
Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated
STRAP

Homo sapiens

41.18
8.86
2
10



protein


P09429
High mobility group protein B1
HMGB1

Homo sapiens

39.56
27.44
4
10


O15144
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2
ARPC2

Homo sapiens

36.55
18.00
3
10


Q96CW1
AP-2 complex subunit mu
AP2M1

Homo sapiens

32.81
12.87
4
10


PB4103
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3
SRSF3

Homo sapiens

31.49
14.02
2
10


O60763
General vesicular transport factor p115
USO1

Homo sapiens

31.07
5.41
4
10


P40429
60S ribosomal protein L13a
RPL13A

Homo sapiens

25.35
8.87
2
10


Q6DD88
Atlastin-3
ATL3

Homo sapiens

40.84
12.38
4
9


P09622
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
DLD

Homo sapiens

40.56
6.48
2
9


Q9BWD1
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic
ACAT2

Homo sapiens

37.63
14.61
3
9


Q00341
Vigilin
HDLBP

Homo sapiens

37.29
4.10
3
9


Q99798
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial
ACO2

Homo sapiens

36.61
4.49
2
9


Q02878
60S ribosomal protein L6
RPL6

Homo sapiens

34.78
15.63
3
9


Q15008
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD6

Homo sapiens

34.04
7.20
2
9



subunit 6


P21266
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3
GSTM3

Homo sapiens

31.19
17.33
3
9


P10301
Ras-related protein R-Ras
RRAS

Homo sapiens

29.36
12.84
2
9


Q06323
Proteasome activator complex subunit 1
PSME1

Homo sapiens

26.97
23.29
4
9


Q13557
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
CAMK2D

Homo sapiens

23.13
8.62
3
9



type II subunit delta


P21964
Catechol O-methyltransferase
COMT

Homo sapiens

34.16
8.49
2
8


P63167
Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic
DYNLL1

Homo sapiens

33.21
37.08
2
8


Q02952
A-kinase anchor protein 12
AKAP12

Homo sapiens

32.58
3.42
3
8


P16278
Beta-galactosidase
GLB1

Homo sapiens

29.46
3.69
2
8


P62081
40S ribosomal protein S7
RPS7

Homo sapiens

27.65
17.53
2
8


P31937
3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase,
HIBADH

Homo sapiens

27.07
7.14
2
8



mitochondrial


Q96QK1
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35
VPS35

Homo sapiens

26.95
2.89
2
8


P33176
Kinesin-1 heavy chain
KIF5B

Homo sapiens

26.86
2.80
2
8


P61019
Ras-related protein Rab-2A
RAB2A

Homo sapiens

26.44
16.87
3
8


O00231
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD11

Homo sapiens

25.87
8.77
3
8



subunit 11


P26373
60S ribosomal protein L13
RPL13

Homo sapiens

25.81
10.90
2
8


Q13724
Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase
MOGS

Homo sapiens

25.51
3.58
2
8


O95816
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 2
BAG2

Homo sapiens

24.67
13.27
2
8


P06703
Protein S100-A6
S100A6

Homo sapiens

24.35
37.78
2
8


P34897
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial
SHMT2

Homo sapiens

24.35
10.32
4
8


P17844
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5
DDX5

Homo sapiens

24.22
5.86
3
8


O94905
Erlin-2
ERLIN2

Homo sapiens

23.59
6.49
2
8


P08648
Integrin alpha-5
ITGA5

Homo sapiens

23.55
5.62
4
8


P62917
60S ribosomal protein L8
RPL8

Homo sapiens

22.51
10.51
2
8


P01023
Alpha-2-macroglobulin
A2M

Homo sapiens

20.91
2.04
3
8


P26022
Pentraxin-related protein PTX3
PTX3

Homo sapiens

20.28
13.12
4
8


P07814
Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase
EPRS

Homo sapiens

34.10
2.18
2
7


Q6IBS0
Twinfilin-2
TWF2

Homo sapiens

29.62
9.74
2
7


P49257
Protein ERGIC-53
LMAN1

Homo sapiens

28.55
10.39
2
7


O75368
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like
SH3BGRL

Homo sapiens

26.17
26.32
2
7



protein


Q07666
KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal
KHDRBS1

Homo sapiens

24.96
7.67
2
7



transduction-associated protein 1


P46977
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
STT3A

Homo sapiens

24.54
3.69
2
7



glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A


Q7L2H7
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit M
EIF3M

Homo sapiens

24.21
6.95
2
7


Q15847
Adipogenesis regulatory factor
ADIRF

Homo sapiens

23.65
59.21
2
7


P48643
T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon
CCT5

Homo sapiens

23.35
11.83
4
7


P12268
Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2
IMPDH2

Homo sapiens

23.35
9.73
3
7


Q63ZY3
KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-
KANK2

Homo sapiens

23.26
4.70
3
7



containing protein 2


P22102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein
GART

Homo sapiens

22.93
2.67
2
7



adenosine-3 [Includes: Phosphoribosylamine--



glycine ligase]


P49458
Signal recognition particle 9 kDa protein
SRP9

Homo sapiens

22.86
23.26
2
7


P05023
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1A1

Homo sapiens

22.17
3.91
3
7



subunit alpha-1


P02792
Ferritin light chain
FTL

Homo sapiens

22.12
26.86
3
7


P35613
Basigin
BSG

Homo sapiens

21.87
8.31
2
7


P18621
60S ribosomal protein L17
RPL17

Homo sapiens

21.02
17.93
3
7


P11177
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component
PDHB

Homo sapiens

19.98
8.91
2
7



subunit beta, mitochondrial


P62330
ADP-ribosylation factor 6
ARF6

Homo sapiens

19.84
12.57
2
7


Q99832
T-complex protein 1 subunit eta
CCT7

Homo sapiens

19.63
7.92
3
7


P35637
RNA-binding protein FUS
FUS

Homo sapiens

19.53
6.27
2
7


P42677
40S ribosomal protein S27
RPS27

Homo sapiens

19.53
25.00
2
7


P31948
Stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1
STIP1

Homo sapiens

19.50
7.73
3
7


P26640
Valine--tRNA ligase
VARS

Homo sapiens

18.39
1.98
2
7


P15586
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
GNS

Homo sapiens

18.07
4.71
2
7


P62191
26S protease regulatory subunit 4
PSMC1

Homo sapiens

30.43
8.18
2
6


Q13423
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
NNT

Homo sapiens

28.78
3.41
2
6


P09960
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase
LTA4H

Homo sapiens

26.18
5.07
2
6


P22695
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2,
UQCRC2

Homo sapiens

24.46
10.82
3
6



mitochondrial


P10619
Lysosomal protective protein
CTSA

Homo sapiens

22.01
5.00
2
6


P23381
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
WARS

Homo sapiens

21.16
5.73
2
6


P02794
Ferritin heavy chain
FTH1

Homo sapiens

20.44
33.33
3
6


P55010
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5
EIF5

Homo sapiens

18.71
9.98
3
6


P35555
Fibrillin-1
FBN1

Homo sapiens

18.54
2.16
4
6


P39656
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
DDOST

Homo sapiens

18.03
7.89
3
6



glycosyltransferase 48 kDa subunit


Q13425
Beta-2-syntrophin
SNTB2

Homo sapiens

17.22
3.89
2
6


O99961
Endophilin-A2
SH3GL1

Homo sapiens

17.15
8.97
2
6


P54136
Arginine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
RARS

Homo sapiens

17.09
3.64
2
6


P20073
Annexin A7
ANXA7

Homo sapiens

15.98
8.20
3
6


O15113
Procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1
PCOLCE

Homo sapiens

15.72
6.01
2
6


P30085
UMP-CMP kinase
CMPK1

Homo sapiens

24.26
16.84
2
5


Q16881
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
TXNRD1

Homo sapiens

22.69
5.86
2
5


P00568
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1
AK1

Homo sapiens

19.57
19.07
2
5


P43243
Matrin-3
MATR3

Homo sapiens

18.67
6.02
3
5


O95292
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-
VAPB

Homo sapiens

16.59
10.70
2
5



associated protein B/C


O43237
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain
DYNC1LI2

Homo sapiens

16.24
5.08
2
5



2


P23526
Adenosylhomocysteinase
AHCY

Homo sapiens

15.78
10.65
3
5


P13804
Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha, mitochondrial
ETFA

Homo sapiens

15.40
8.71
2
5


P13010
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5
XRCC5

Homo sapiens

15.04
6.42
3
5


Q01995
Transgelin
TAGLN

Homo sapiens

15.00
12.44
2
5


P60900
Proteasome subunit alpha type-6
PSMA6

Homo sapiens

14.55
10.16
2
5


P07996
Thrombospondin-1
THBS1

Homo sapiens

14.55
1.97
2
5


Q9UEY8
Gamma-adducin
ADD3

Homo sapiens

14.49
3.54
2
5


O60488
Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4
ACSL4

Homo sapiens

13.17
4.36
2
5


Q15942
Zyxin
ZYX

Homo sapiens

22.91
6.64
2
4


O14980
Exportin-1
XPO1

Homo sapiens

22.59
4.20
2
4


O75131
Copine-3
CPNE3

Homo sapiens

18.51
6.33
2
4


Q99714
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
HSD17B10

Homo sapiens

17.39
16.48
2
4


O94855
Protein transport protein Sec24D
SEC24D

Homo sapiens

16.72
2.91
2
4


P21291
Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1
CSRP1

Homo sapiens

16.40
19.17
2
4


Q9BVK6
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED9

Homo sapiens

15.78
14.47
2
4



protein 9


Q13283
Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1
G3BP1

Homo sapiens

15.21
6.01
2
4


Q9NYL9
Tropomodulin-3
TMOD3

Homo sapiens

14.89
9.38
2
4


P62195
26S protease regulatory subunit 8
PSMC5

Homo sapiens

14.87
12.07
3
4


P55884
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3B

Homo sapiens

14.81
4.67
2
4



B


P33527
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
ABCC1

Homo sapiens

13.99
2.02
2
4


O15143
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B
ARPC1B

Homo sapiens

13.50
11.83
3
4


Q9Y262
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3L

Homo sapiens

13.47
3.55
2
4



L


Q02809
Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-
PLOD1

Homo sapiens

13.29
3.71
2
4



dioxygenase 1


P23246
Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich
SFPQ

Homo sapiens

13.13
6.22
3
4


P30046
D-dopachrome decarboxylase
DDT

Homo sapiens

12.61
19.49
2
4


Q9NQW7
Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1
XPNPEP1

Homo sapiens

12.18
4.82
2
4


Q9NR31
GTP-binding protein SAR1a
SAR1A

Homo sapiens

12.08
15.66
2
4


Q03252
Lamin-B2
LMNB2

Homo sapiens

11.81
5.67
3
4


P78344
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4
EIF4G2

Homo sapiens

11.24
2.32
2
4



gamma 2


P41252
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
IARS

Homo sapiens

11.24
2.69
3
4


Q7L576
Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1
CYFIP1

Homo sapiens

11.23
1.84
2
4


P67809
Nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1
YBX1

Homo sapiens

10.94
11.11
2
4


P35611
Alpha-adducin
ADD1

Homo sapiens

10.23
4.21
2
4


Q9BR76
Coronin-1B
CORO1B

Homo sapiens

10.19
3.48
2
4


P27695
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase
APEX1

Homo sapiens

16.69
11.01
2
3


O15460
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2
P4HA2

Homo sapiens

14.16
6.17
2
3


Q96HE7
ERO1-like protein alpha
ERO1L

Homo sapiens

13.09
7.26
2
3


P61769
Beta-2-microglobulin [Cleaved into: Beta-2-
B2M

Homo sapiens

11.85
26.89
2
3



microglobulin form pl 5.3]


P14854
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1
COX6B1

Homo sapiens

11.35
33.72
2
3


P00390
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
GSR

Homo sapiens

11.32
6.32
2
3


P13798
Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme
APEH

Homo sapiens

10.86
4.78
2
3


Q08257
Quinone oxidoreductase
CRYZ

Homo sapiens

9.95
10.64
2
3


Q9NTK5
Obg-like ATPase 1
OLA1

Homo sapiens

9.88
7.32
2
3


Q13418
Integrin-linked protein kinase
ILK

Homo sapiens

9.86
8.63
3
3


P61009
Signal peptidase complex subunit 3
SPCS3

Homo sapiens

9.85
12.78
2
3


Q969H8
UPF0556 protein C19orf10
C19ORF10

Homo sapiens

9.71
15.03
2
3


P05455
Lupus La protein
SSB

Homo sapiens

9.57
6.37
2
3


P51858
Hepatoma-derived growth factor
HDGF

Homo sapiens

9.38
13.75
2
3


O00425
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding
IGF2BP3

Homo sapiens

8.88
5.18
2
3



protein 3


P20042
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit
EIF2S2

Homo sapiens

8.84
8.11
2
3



2


P62495
Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 1
ETF1

Homo sapiens

8.74
6.41
2
3


P11279
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1
LAMP1

Homo sapiens

8.45
6.00
2
3


Q9NUQ9
Protein FAM49B
FAM49B

Homo sapiens

8.18
8.64
2
3


Q14247
Src substrate cortactin
CTTN

Homo sapiens

8.15
3.64
2
3


P27708
CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent
CAD

Homo sapiens

7.94
0.94
2
3



carbamoyl-phosphate synthase]


Q9NSE4
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
IARS2

Homo sapiens

7.76
2.08
2
3


Q9H4A4
Aminopeptidase B
RNPEP

Homo sapiens

7.62
3.54
2
3


P62913
60S ribosomal protein L11
RPL11

Homo sapiens

7.39
12.92
2
3


P39060
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain [Cleaved into:
COL18A1

Homo sapiens

11.40
2.85
2
2



Endostatin]


P26368
Splicing factor U2AF 65 kDa subunit
U2AF2

Homo sapiens

8.61
6.11
2
2


Q687X5
Metalloreductase STEAP4
STEAP4

Homo sapiens

7.68
7.19
2
2


P31153
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2
MAT2A

Homo sapiens

7.36
9.11
2
2


Q9Y240
C-type lectin domain family 11 member A
CLEC11A

Homo sapiens

6.98
8.98
2
2


P50213
Isocitrate dehyodrogenase [NAD] subunit
IDH3A

Homo sapiens

6.43
10.38
2
2



alpha, mitochondrial


Q09028
Histone-binding protein RBBP4
RBBP4

Homo sapiens

6.37
4.94
2
2


P32969
60S ribosomal protein L9
RPL9

Homo sapiens

6.36
11.46
2
2


P21399
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase
ACO1

Homo sapiens

6.23
3.15
2
2


P00492
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
HPRT1

Homo sapiens

6.12
10.55
2
2


P49591
Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
SARS

Homo sapiens

5.72
5.45
2
2


P30520
Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2
ADSS

Homo sapiens

5.55
4.61
2
2


P22234
Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes:
PAICS

Homo sapiens

5.35
6.12
2
2



Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-



succinocarboxamide synthase]


P11586
C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic
MTHFD1

Homo sapiens

5.21
2.78
2
2


Q92616
Translational activator GCN1
GCN1L1

Homo sapiens

5.02
1.05
2
2







VFE on scaffold














P02454
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Rattus norvegicus

19462.74
69.79
79
24841


P02452
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Homo sapiens

9931.72
59.97
58
13046


P02466
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Rattus norvegicus

12949.24
67.49
67
11720


P08123
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Homo sapiens

3724.87
54.32
41
3438


Q09666
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein
AHNAK

Homo sapiens

3402.71
42.78
112
1007



AHNAK


P12111
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
COL6A3

Homo sapiens

3044.09
31.82
76
895


P02461
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Homo sapiens

661.63
21.01
17
826


P02751
Fibronectin
FN1

Homo sapiens

2864.69
38.56
65
739


P12109
Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain
COL6A1

Homo sapiens

1371.07
28.02
21
680


P08670
Vimentin
VIM

Homo sapiens

2057.68
54.72
32
597


P21333
Filamin-A
FLNA

Homo sapiens

1970.03
38.23
62
483


Q15149
Plectin
PLEC

Homo sapiens

1624.20
24.68
81
445


P35579
Myosin-9
MYH9

Homo sapiens

1870.54
35.56
53
433


P60711
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
ACTB

Rattus norvegicus

1567.81
61.87
16
410


P02545
Prelamin-A/C [Cleaved into: Lamin-A/C]
LMNA

Homo sapiens

1315.37
53.16
33
387


P14618
Pyruvate kinase PKM
PKM

Homo sapiens

1486.10
61.21
28
383


P02458
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1

Homo sapiens

529.20
5.65
4
344


P07355
Annexin A2
AHXA2

Homo sapiens

1284.07
58.11
20
331


P11021
78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
HSPA5

Homo sapiens

1128.68
38.53
21
310


Q00610
Clathrin heavy chain 1
CLTC

Homo sapiens

1224.44
29.91
38
306


P04406
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAPDH

Homo sapiens

1064.45
53.13
13
306


P07437
Tubulin beta chain
TUBB

Homo sapiens

1124.26
66.89
21
304


P12814
Alpha-actinin-1
ACTN1

Homo sapiens

1094.44
47.76
33
293


P68371
Tubulin beta-4B chain
TUBB4B

Homo sapiens

1083.09
70.56
22
288


P15144
Aminopeptidase N
ANPEP

Homo sapiens

990.71
27.82
25
278


P13941
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Rattus norvegicus

294.49
10.59
9
278


P11142
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
HSPA8

Homo sapiens

996.23
41.33
22
263


Q13885
Tubulin beta-2A chain
TUBB2A

Homo sapiens

876.91
61.12
19
245


P12110
Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain
COL6A2

Homo sapiens

667.72
31.80
23
244


P00558
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
PGK1

Homo sapiens

936.31
52.04
17
234


P08238
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta
HSP90AB1

Homo sapiens

839.05
33.84
20
229


O43707
Alpha-actinin-4
ACTN4

Homo sapiens

855.61
49.62
32
228


P68363
Tubulin alpha-1B chain
TUBA1B

Homo sapiens

785.65
48.78
15
222


Q13509
Tubulin beta-3 chain
TUBB3

Homo sapiens

741.48
42.44
15
220


P08758
Annexin A5
ANXA5

Homo sapiens

758.36
67.50
18
219


P68035
Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1
ACTC1

Rattus norvegicus

720.51
43.77
12
217


P05539
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1

Rattus norvegicus

361.49
5.00
3
212


P06576
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
ATP5B

Homo sapiens

754.28
42.72
16
209


P68104
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1
EEF1A1

Homo sapiens

842.24
34.20
11
203


P07900
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
HSP90AA1

Homo sapiens

727.70
29.51
19
201


P04083
Annexin A1
ANXA1

Homo sapiens

807.88
52.60
16
199


Q9Y490
Talin-1
TLN1

Homo sapiens

832.01
20.90
30
198


P14625
Endoplasmin
HSP90B1

Homo sapiens

722.94
32.88
21
197


P08133
Annexin A6
ANXA6

Homo sapiens

685.55
45.17
22
186


P50454
Serpin H1
SERPINH1

Homo sapiens

779.11
50.00
15
185


P04075
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
ALDOA

Homo sapiens

742.79
65.66
17
175


P06733
Alpha-enolase
ENO1

Homo sapiens

607.87
54.15
16
168


Q04828
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1
AKR1C1

Homo sapiens

671.12
49.85
12
165


P29401
Transketolase
TKT

Homo sapiens

690.60
39.33
17
157


P07237
Protein disulfide-isomerase
P4HB

Homo sapiens

602.33
48.62
21
157


P60174
Triosephosphate isomerase
TPI1

Homo sapiens

601.01
66.08
14
155


P18206
Vinculin
VCL

Homo sapiens

521.43
35.36
28
154


P06396
Gelsolin
GSN

Homo sapiens

657.62
23.66
14
152


Q16555
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2
DPYSL2

Homo sapiens

619.56
48.95
17
152


P07585
Decorin
DCN

Homo sapiens

513.00
45.96
14
151


Q14764
Major vault protein
MVP

Homo sapiens

515.55
34.04
20
147


P46940
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1
IQGAP1

Homo sapiens

567.55
20.16
21
142


P13639
Elongation factor 2
EEF2

Homo sapiens

460.85
31.12
23
142


P30101
Protein disulfide-isomerase A3
PDIA3

Homo sapiens

482.71
42.97
16
137


Q9BUF5
Tubulin beta-6 chain
TUBB6

Homo sapiens

454.39
58.07
18
137


P07602
Proactivator polypeptide [Cleaved into:
PSAP

Homo sapiens

264.99
26.91
13
137



Saposin-A]


P62937
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A
PPIA

Homo sapiens

494.59
55.76
9
136


P62805
Histone H4
HIST1H4A

Homo sapiens

449.47
51.46
6
131


P55072
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
VCP

Homo sapiens

519.55
43.18
23
129


P11413
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
G6PD

Homo sapiens

488.37
40.78
15
129


P18669
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
PGAM1

Homo sapiens

467.11
44.88
9
129


O43852
Calumenin
CALU

Homo sapiens

526.31
52.38
14
127


P16152
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
CBR1

Homo sapiens

493.61
58.12
11
123


Q9NZN4
EH domain-containing protein 2
EHD2

Homo sapiens

471.67
49.91
18
122


P13489
Ribonuclease inhibitor
RNH1

Homo sapiens

471.22
44.47
13
121


P35555
Fibrillin-1
FBN1

Homo sapiens

395.19
13.79
25
114


P49327
Fatty acid synthase
FASN

Homo sapiens

444.87
15.13
23
112


P62260
14-3-3 protein epsilon
YWHAE

Rattus norvegicus

333.75
40.00
8
112


P00338
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
LDHA

Homo sapiens

389.25
39.16
11
111


Q99536
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1
VAT1

Homo sapiens

418.13
35.37
8
110



homolog


Q06830
Peroxiredoxin-1
PRDX1

Homo sapiens

432.15
56.78
10
109


P98095
Fibulin-2
FBLN2

Homo sapiens

415.65
19.85
15
109


O60814
Histone H2B type 1-K
HIST1H2BK

Homo sapiens

305.88
34.92
4
109


Q14315
Filamin-C
FLNC

Homo sapiens

459.99
11.08
17
107


Q07065
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4
CKAP4

Homo sapiens

394.33
38.37
18
105


P27348
14-3-3 protein theta
YWHAQ

Homo sapiens

347.51
36.37
7
104


P63104
14-3-3 protein zeta/delta
YWHAZ

Homo sapiens

339.16
42.86
8
103


Q9NZM1
Myoferlin
MYOF

Homo sapiens

387.07
13.93
19
101


P10809
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPD1

Homo sapiens

386.96
31.59
14
101


P38646
Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial
HSPA9

Homo sapiens

378.75
21.50
11
100


Q14204
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1
DYNC1H1

Homo sapiens

360.00
9.00
29
100


P35556
Fibrillin-2
FBN2

Homo sapiens

371.59
8.04
15
97


P67936
Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain
TPM4

Homo sapiens

342.85
47.98
13
96


P23284
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B
PPIB

Homo sapiens

305.17
40.28
9
96


P26038
Moesin
MSN

Homo sapiens

353.35
26.34
15
95


P25705
ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
ATP5A1

Homo sapiens

358.61
25.86
10
94


O00299
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1
CLIC1

Homo sapiens

355.52
68.88
12
94


P27797
Calreticulin
CALR

Homo sapiens

386.83
39.57
10
92


P42330
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3
AKR1C3

Homo sapiens

386.79
42.72
9
92


P09382
Galectin-1
LGALS1

Homo sapiens

336.73
46.67
5
92


P07195
L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
LDHB

Homo sapiens

301.77
37.72
12
92


Q6NZI2
Polymerase I and transcript release factor
PTRF

Homo sapiens

366.06
25.38
8
91


Q13813
Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTAN1

Homo sapiens

349.51
13.43
21
91


P23528
Cofilin-1
CFL1

Homo sapiens

381.58
57.83
10
90


P36955
Piment epithelium-derived factor
SERPINF1

Homo sapiens

334.75
22.01
7
90


P51149
Ras-related protein Rab-7a
RAB7A

Homo sapiens

325.35
60.87
10
90


P07858
Cathepsin B
CTSB

Homo sapiens

373.17
31.27
9
89


P27824
Calnexin
CANX

Homo sapiens

339.30
23.65
11
89


P40926
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
MDH2

Homo sapiens

319.47
44.38
11
89


P51884
Lumican
LUM

Homo sapiens

289.27
32.25
9
89


P53396
ATP-citrate synthase
ACLY

Homo sapiens

328.72
19.71
14
86


P40939
Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha,
HADHA

Homo sapiens

340.14
17.96
8
83



mitochondrial


Q96AY3
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP10
FKBP10

Homo sapiens

271.61
19.42
9
81


P02792
Ferritin light chain
FTL

Homo sapiens

366.87
36.00
5
80


P30041
Peroxiredoxin-6
PRDX6

Homo sapiens

281.65
48.66
9
80


P60842
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I
EIF4A1

Homo sapiens

263.67
33.50
11
80


Q15084
Protein disulfide-isomerase A6
PDIA6

Homo sapiens

288.09
29.32
8
79


P04264
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
KRT1

Homo sapiens

271.98
18.48
10
79


P07686
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
HEXB

Homo sapiens

232.74
13.31
6
79


P49368
T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma
CCT3

Homo sapiens

283.18
29.17
11
78


P09211
Glutathione S-transferase P
GSTP1

Homo sapiens

330.61
53.33
8
77


P37802
Transgelin-2
TAGLN2

Homo sapiens

299.87
57.29
9
77


P16278
Beta-galactosidase
GLB1

Homo sapiens

281.54
24.37
11
77


P21796
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC1

Homo sapiens

304.95
27.21
6
76



protein 1


P63244
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit
GNB2L1

Homo sapiens

273.34
55.84
11
76



beta-2-like 1


P11766
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
ADH5

Homo sapiens

338.18
22.99
6
74


P05388
60S acidic ribosomal protein P0
RPLP0

Homo sapiens

303.07
37.85
8
74


Q96AG4
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 59
LRRC59

Homo sapiens

280.57
31.60
6
74


Q07954
Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related
LRP1

Homo sapiens

276.43
4.91
15
71



protein 1


P08865
40S ribosomal protein SA
RPSA

Homo sapiens

274.72
36.61
8
71


P61981
14-3-3 protein gamma
YWHAG

Homo sapiens

224.58
28.74
6
71


P26641
Elongation factor 1-gamma
EEF1G

Homo sapiens

271.89
28.60
11
70


O60664
Perilipin-3
PLIN3

Homo sapiens

268.33
35.02
9
70


Q01082
Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTBN1

Homo sapiens

239.23
11.59
18
70


P09525
Annexin A4
ANXA4

Homo sapiens

228.82
34.80
9
70


O75083
WD repeat-containing protein 1
WDR1

Homo sapiens

358.76
26.73
9
69


Q96D15
Reticulocalbin-3
RCN3

Homo sapiens

299.70
30.79
6
69


Q9Y6N5
Sulfide quinone oxidoreductase,
SQRDL

Homo sapiens

253.49
28.00
10
69



mitochondrial


P07996
Thrombospondin-1
THBS1

Homo sapiens

241.05
14.36
10
69


P40925
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1

Homo sapiens

231.53
25.15
6
68


Q15019
Septin-2
41884

Homo sapiens

267.59
42.66
9
67


Q15365
Poly(rC)-binding protein 1
PCBP1

Homo sapiens

231.29
28.93
5
67


P07737
Profilin-1
PFN1

Homo sapiens

216.78
63.57
7
67


P62820
Ras-related protein Rab-1A
RAB1A

Homo sapiens

206.51
51.22
8
67


P06744
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
GPI

Homo sapiens

266.65
29.57
10
66


P22314
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1
UBA1

Homo sapiens

250.03
20.42
14
66


P12882
Myosin-1
MYH1

Homo sapiens

235.28
11.55
17
65


P07339
Cathepsin D
CTSD

Homo sapiens

209.54
31.07
9
65


P18085
ADP-ribosylation factor 4
ARF4

Homo sapiens

201.61
60.56
9
65


P04844
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN2

Homo sapiens

298.04
23.61
10
64



glycosyltransferase subunit 2


Q03135
Caveolin-1
CAV1

Homo sapiens

225.24
52.25
7
64


P04792
Heat shock protein beta-1
HSPB1

Homo sapiens

217.66
39.51
7
64


P45880
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC2

Homo sapiens

212.61
32.99
7
64



protein 2


P60660
Myosin light polypeptide 6
MYL6

Homo sapiens

206.89
48.34
7
64


P08107
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B
HSPA1A

Homo sapiens

205.34
19.81
9
64


P02794
Ferritin heavy chain
FTH1

Homo sapiens

276.77
51.91
7
63


Q01518
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1
CAP1

Homo sapiens

232.42
30.95
11
63


P21980
Protein-glutamine gamma-
TGM2

Homo sapiens

232.14
15.43
7
63



glutamyltransferase 2


P05387
60S acidic ribosomal protein P2
RPLP2

Homo sapiens

256.84
69.57
4
62


Q15293
Reticulocalbin-1
RCN1

Homo sapiens

254.49
37.16
7
62


P04843
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN1

Homo sapiens

235.08
30.81
12
62



glycosyltransferase subunit 1


P55766
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase
NPEPPS

Homo sapiens

200.99
13.93
10
62


Q9Y6C2
EMILIN-1
EMILIN1

Homo sapiens

210.60
14.76
11
60


P31946
14-3-3 protein beta/alpha
YWHAB

Homo sapiens

189.82
28.46
5
60


P07108
Acyl-CoA-binding protein
DBI

Homo sapiens

235.46
50.57
3
59


P50395
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta
GDI2

Homo sapiens

221.44
41.80
12
59


P15121
Aldose reductase
AKR1B1

Homo sapiens

216.09
36.39
7
59


P61978
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
HNRNPK

Homo sapiens

211.91
29.59
10
59


P53618
Coatomer subunit beta
COPB1

Homo sapiens

199.75
18.68
11
59


P62241
40S ribosomal protein S8
RPS8

Homo sapiens

201.29
41.35
7
58


Q86VP6
Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1
CAND1

Homo sapiens

199.18
10.24
9
58


P30044
Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial
PRDX5

Homo sapiens

186.74
50.00
7
58


P36578
60S ribosomal protein L4
RPL4

Homo sapiens

178.67
14.75
5
58


P61158
Actin-related protein 3
ACTR3

Homo sapiens

237.38
34.93
9
57


Q9NQC3
Reticulon-4
RTN4

Homo sapiens

227.04
9.65
6
57


P11216
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
PYGB

Homo sapiens

208.18
18.86
11
57


Q14108
Lysosome membrane protein 2
SCARB2

Homo sapiens

200.13
19.46
6
57


P23396
40S ribosomal protein S3
RPS3

Homo sapiens

172.16
52.26
10
57


P68871
Hemoglobin subunit beta
HBB

Homo sapiens

165.75
59.86
7
57


P12236
ADP/ATP translocase 3
SLC25A6

Homo sapiens

161.18
21.81
6
57


O60701
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
UGDH

Homo sapiens

218.40
38.06
13
56


P00387
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
CYB5R3

Homo sapiens

205.94
53.16
9
56


P30050
60S ribosomal protein L12
RPL12

Homo sapiens

202.07
54.55
6
56


P35237
Serpin B6
SERPINB6

Homo sapiens

201.97
32.18
9
56


Q96KK5
Histone H2A type 1-H
HIST1H2AH

Homo sapiens

198.46
27.34
3
56


P61204
ADP-ribosylation factor 3
ARF3

Homo sapiens

186.09
50.26
7
56


P63241
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1
EIF5A

Homo sapiens

251.09
27.27
4
55


P49748
Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA
ACADVL

Homo sapiens

226.83
16.64
7
55



dehydrogenase, mitochondrial


P50995
Annexin A11
ANXA11

Homo sapiens

186.26
12.87
5
55


P53621
Coatomer subunit alpha
COPA

Homo sapiens

169.57
12.01
10
55


P52209
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating
PGD

Homo sapiens

219.84
20.50
7
54


P30086
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1
PEBP1

Homo sapiens

214.04
64.71
7
54


Q9H299
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like
SH3BGRL3

Homo sapiens

210.88
31.18
3
54



protein 3


P17655
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit
CAPN2

Homo sapiens

196.98
18.86
9
54


P22392
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B
NME2

Homo sapiens

185.09
52.63
6
54


Q15582
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced
TGFBI

Homo sapiens

171.73
7.91
4
54



protein ig-h3


Q14697
Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB
GANAB

Homo sapiens

244.51
13.35
9
53


P09972
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C
ALDOC

Homo sapiens

233.02
18.41
4
53


Q9Y686
Chloride intracellular channel protein 4
CLIC4

Homo sapiens

225.06
67.98
12
53


P13667
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4
PDIA4

Homo sapiens

216.49
17.05
8
53


P78527
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic
PRKDC

Homo sapiens

203.70
5.28
14
53



subunit


P31939
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein
ATIC

Homo sapiens

188.54
15.71
7
52



PURH [Includes:



Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide



formyltransferase]


P02768
Serum albumin
ALB

Homo sapiens

201.86
3.94
3
51


P52565
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1
ARHGDIA

Homo sapiens

186.59
21.08
4
51


P52907
F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1
CAPZA1

Homo sapiens

181.06
41.26
7
51


O75874
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]
IDH1

Homo sapiens

167.93
27.78
9
51



cytoplasmic


P14550
Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
AKR1A1

Homo sapiens

176.30
23.38
7
50


P22626
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1
HNRNPA2B1

Homo sapiens

166.97
28.05
8
50


P41250
Glycine-tRNA ligase
GARS

Homo sapiens

161.46
14.21
7
50


P12956
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6
XRCC6

Homo sapiens

156.89
23.15
10
50


Q04446
1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme
GBE1

Homo sapiens

206.81
20.66
9
49


Q8IUX7
Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1
AEBP1

Homo sapiens

205.43
10.71
8
49


P00367
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
GLUD1

Homo sapiens

193.31
16.31
6
49


P24534
Elongation factor 1-beta
EEF1B2

Homo sapiens

183.36
28.44
5
49


P42224
Signal transducer and activator of
STAT1

Homo sapiens

176.41
20.80
12
49



transcription 1-alpha/beta


P55209
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1
NAP1L1

Homo sapiens

200.78
14.58
4
48


Q9Y678
Coatomer subunit gamma-1
COPG1

Homo sapiens

196.07
12.36
7
48


P14314
Glucosidase 2 subunit beta
PRKCSH

Homo sapiens

180.64
14.58
6
48


Q96CX2
BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD12
FMOD

Homo sapiens

136.59
14.77
4
47


P50609
Fibromodulin
KCTD12

Rattus norvegicus

170.37
19.68
5
47


P50990
T-complex protein 1 subunit theta
CCT8

Homo sapiens

149.29
17.34
7
46


P10599
Thioredoxin
TXN

Homo sapiens

149.25
31.43
4
46


P30153
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65
PPP2R1A

Homo sapiens

182.68
18.51
7
45



kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform


P55084
Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta,
HADHB

Homo sapiens

171.75
23.21
7
45



mitochondrial


P62158
Calmodulin
CALM1

Homo sapiens

183.48
44.30
5
44


P32119
Peroxiredoxin-2
PRDX2

Homo sapiens

160.79
14.65
3
44


P49411
Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial
TUFM

Homo sapiens

161.57
15.27
4
43


P62979
Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a
RPS27A

Homo sapiens

152.11
33.97
4
43


O00159
Unconventional myosin-Ic
MYO1C

Homo sapiens

151.42
14.58
11
43


P34932
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4
HSPA4

Homo sapiens

149.37
15.95
9
43


Q9P2E9
Ribosome-binding protein 1
RRBP1

Homo sapiens

147.57
11.70
10
43


Q99497
Protein DJ-1
PARK7

Homo sapiens

164.37
42.33
6
42


P62701
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform
RPS4X

Homo sapiens

150.60
29.66
7
42


P29692
Elongation factor 1-delta
EEF1D

Homo sapiens

136.02
32.38
7
42


Q8NBS9
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5
TXNDC5

Homo sapiens

165.03
18.98
6
41


P19105
Myosin regulatory light chain 12A
MYL12A

Homo sapiens

161.76
39.18
5
41


Q14974
Importin subunit beta-1
KPNB1

Homo sapiens

157.88
19.18
11
41


P39687
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32
ANP32A

Homo sapiens

137.22
12.85
3
41



family member A


P30048
Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial
PRDX3

Homo sapiens

222.53
28.91
4
40


P47755
F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2
CAPZA2

Homo sapiens

156.24
23.43
4
40


P17931
Galectin-3
LGALS3

Homo sapiens

154.89
25.60
5
40


P09651
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
HNRNPA1

Homo sapiens

142.70
22.31
6
40


P51991
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3
HNRNPA3

Homo sapiens

139.93
21.96
6
40


P07384
Calpain-1 catalytic subunit
CAPN1

Homo sapiens

135.52
9.24
5
40


O95782
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1
AP2A1

Homo sapiens

134.84
13.20
9
40


P48444
Coatomer subunit delta
ARCN1

Homo sapiens

132.91
15.46
5
40


P04080
Cystatin-B
CSTB

Homo sapiens

158.66
45.92
3
39


O43390
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R
HNRNPR

Homo sapiens

142.15
8.53
4
39


P61247
40S ribosomal protein S3a
RPS3A

Homo sapiens

133.56
18.18
4
39


P04899
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)
GNAI2

Homo sapiens

131.68
17.18
4
39



subunit alpha-2


Q16658
Fascin
FSCN1

Homo sapiens

167.69
26.37
9
38


Q07021
Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-
C1QBP

Homo sapiens

166.75
12.06
3
38



binding protein, mitochondrial


P62829
60S ribosomal protein L23
RPL23

Homo sapiens

162.51
25.00
2
38


P07099
Epoxide hydrolase 1
EPHX1

Homo sapiens

158.47
27.47
9
38


P50991
T-complex protein 1 subunit delta
CCT4

Homo sapiens

151.63
10.76
4
38


P27105
Erythrocyte band 7 integral membrane
STOM

Homo sapiens

142.49
41.32
7
38



protein


P15559
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
NQO1

Homo sapiens

141.57
17.15
4
38


Q00839
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U
HNRNPU

Homo sapiens

135.88
15.03
7
38


P27816
Microtubule-associated protein 4
MAP4

Homo sapiens

125.87
9.64
7
38


P00966
Argininosuccinate synthase
ASS1

Homo sapiens

125.52
14.81
4
38


P19338
Nucleolin
NCL

Homo sapiens

125.15
13.66
8
38


P37837
Transaldolase
TALDO1

Homo sapiens

121.68
14.24
4
38


P06753
Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain
TPM3

Homo sapiens

119.22
13.38
5
38


Q15366
Poly(rC)-binding protein 2
PCBP2

Homo sapiens

118.11
11.78
3
38


Q01129
Decorin
DCN

Rattus norvegicus

107.47
18.64
6
38


P06748
Nucleophosmin
NPM1

Homo sapiens

144.28
24.49
6
37


P62906
60S ribosomal protein L10a
RPL10A

Homo sapiens

141.74
25.81
4
37


Q12797
Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase
ASPH

Homo sapiens

139.39
15.44
8
37


P16615
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium
ATP2A2

Homo sapiens

124.62
9.12
7
37



ATPase 2


P46782
40S ribosomal protein S5 [Cleaved into: 40S
RPS5

Homo sapiens

122.17
17.65
3
37



ribosomal protein S5, N-terminally processed]


Q07020
60S ribosomal protein L18
RPL18

Homo sapiens

117.66
30.85
5
37


P50914
60S ribosomal protein L14
RPL14

Homo sapiens

109.86
15.35
3
37


P62244
40S ribosomal protein S15a
RPS15A

Homo sapiens

138.62
30.00
4
36


P13645
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
KRT10

Homo sapiens

117.06
21.40
9
36


P56134
ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial
ATP5J2

Homo sapiens

110.17
25.53
2
36


P07910
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2
HNRNPC

Homo sapiens

102.07
15.03
4
36


P78371
T-complex protein 1 subunit beta
CCT2

Homo sapiens

159.70
25.61
9
35


P05534
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-24
HLA-A

Homo sapiens

127.63
30.14
7
35



alpha chain


P62888
60S ribosomal protein L30
RPL30

Homo sapiens

127.35
34.78
3
35


Q16698
2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial
DECR1

Homo sapiens

112.19
17.91
4
35


Q9Y265
RuvB-like 1
RUVBL1

Homo sapiens

110.51
23.03
7
35


P42785
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase
PRCP

Homo sapiens

118.66
9.48
3
34


Q969G5
Protein kinase C delta-binding protein
PRKCDBP

Homo sapiens

114.93
17.24
4
34


P62424
60S ribosomal protein L7a
RPL7A

Homo sapiens

105.69
15.04
4
34


P60981
Destrin
DSTN

Homo sapiens

102.99
20.00
3
34


P62879
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNB2

Homo sapiens

98.15
15.29
4
34



G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2


Q92743
Serine protease HTRA1
HTRA1

Homo sapiens

97.18
11.25
5
34


P00441
Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
SOD1

Homo sapiens

191.85
32.47
4
33


Q15181
Inorganic pyrophosphatase
PPA1

Homo sapiens

145.98
35.99
7
33


P63010
AP-2 complex subunit beta
AP2B1

Homo sapiens

127.86
13.13
7
33


P15531
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A
NME1

Homo sapiens

123.53
51.97
6
33


P08473
Neprilysin
MME

Homo sapiens

120.47
13.07
7
33


P62826
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran
RAH

Homo sapiens

117.10
34.26
6
33


P17980
26S protease regulatory subunit 6A
PSMC3

Homo sapiens

110.28
21.41
6
33


O43776
Asparagine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
NARS

Homo sapiens

107.40
19.71
8
33


P15880
40S ribosomal protein S2
RPS2

Homo sapiens

101.99
19.45
5
33


P31949
Protein S100-A11
S100A11

Homo sapiens

93.44
40.95
4
33


P68036
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3
UBE2L3

Homo sapiens

143.93
35.71
3
32


P17301
Integrin alpha-2
ITGA2

Homo sapiens

128.38
6.77
5
32


P16070
CD44 antigen
CD44

Homo sapiens

126.71
3.77
2
32


P69905
Hemoglobin subunit alpha
HBA1;

Homo sapiens

115.45
28.17
3
32


P61106
Ras-related protein Rab-14
RAB14

Homo sapiens

104.55
16.74
3
32


P62249
40S ribosomal protein S16
RPS16

Homo sapiens

89.33
20.55
3
32


Q16851
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate
UGP2

Homo sapiens

150.43
12.60
4
31



uridylyltransferase


P60033
CD81 antigen
CD81

Homo sapiens

144.01
25.00
3
31


P23142
Fibulin-1
FBLN1

Homo sapiens

139.79
20.91
7
31


P28066
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5
PSMA5

Homo sapiens

127.88
35.27
5
31


P49755
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED10

Homo sapiens

125.42
16.89
3
31



protein 10


Q06323
Proteasome activator complex subunit 1
PSME1

Homo sapiens

110.60
27.71
8
31


Q13838
Spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B
DDX39B

Homo sapiens

104.76
22.43
6
31


P61586
Transforming protein RhoA
RHOA

Homo sapiens

103.88
32.64
5
31


P78539
Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX
SRPX

Homo sapiens

94.78
7.76
3
31


P15586
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
GNS

Homo sapiens

93.73
11.23
4
31


P59998
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4
ARPC4

Homo sapiens

92.41
35.71
5
31


Q9BSJ8
Extended synaptotagmin-1
ESYT1

Homo sapiens

92.29
7.34
6
31


P25396
40S ribosomal protein S12
RPS12

Homo sapiens

129.03
31.82
3
30


Q5T9L3
Protein wntless homolog
WLS

Homo sapiens

127.49
9.80
4
30


P20810
Calpastatin
CAST

Homo sapiens

124.88
10.88
4
30


P00325
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
ADH1B

Homo sapiens

118.70
26.67
7
30


P23219
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
PTGS1

Homo sapiens

113.71
12.85
5
30


Q00325
Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial
SLC25A3

Homo sapiens

102.13
19.06
5
30


P46926
Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1
GNPDA1

Homo sapiens

93.67
21.11
4
30


P28838
Cytosol aminopeptidase
LAP3

Homo sapiens

120.58
14.64
5
29


P17856
6-phosphofructokinase, liver type
PFKL

Homo sapiens

112.91
14.49
8
29


Q96TA1
Niban-like protein 1
FAM129B

Homo sapiens

108.73
14.88
7
29


P62277
40S ribosomal protein S13
RPS13

Homo sapiens

106.57
18.54
3
29


Q96QK1
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein
VPS35

Homo sapiens

100.71
12.06
7
29



35


P39019
40S ribosomal protein S19
RPS19

Homo sapiens

94.38
30.34
6
29


Q13162
Peroxiredoxin-4
PRDX4

Homo sapiens

93.42
37.64
7
29


Q14103
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0
HNRNPD

Homo sapiens

86.53
14.65
4
29


Q6NXT2
Histone H3.3C
H3F3C

Homo sapiens

77.14
11.85
2
29


P26599
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1
PTBP1

Homo sapiens

129.28
12.62
4
28


P62942
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A
FKBP1A

Homo sapiens

129.28
29.63
3
28


P18124
60S ribosomal protein L7
RPL7

Homo sapiens

105.73
23.39
4
28


P98160
Basement membrane-specific heparan
HSPG2

Homo sapiens

104.99
2.37
7
28



sulfate proteoglycan core protein


P62140
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-
PPP1CB

Homo sapiens

102.12
18.96
5
28



beta catalytic subunit


P51688
N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase
SGSH

Homo sapiens

101.57
8.37
3
28


P21399
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase
ACO1

Homo sapiens

98.99
11.81
7
28


P08253
72 kDa type IV collagenase
MMP2

Homo sapiens

95.34
10.91
4
28


O00571
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X
DDX3X

Homo sapiens

91.46
9.67
5
28


Q9Y2Q3
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1
GSTK1

Homo sapiens

90.89
33.63
6
28


P35232
Prohibitin
PHB

Homo sapiens

88.99
28.31
6
28


Q9Y277
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC3

Homo sapiens

81.75
14.49
3
28



protein 3


P51659
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
HSD17B4

Homo sapiens

106.47
10.87
5
27


Q05682
Caldesmon
CALD1

Homo sapiens

88.52
5.17
4
27


P46783
40S ribosomal protein S10
RPS10

Homo sapiens

86.11
14.55
2
27


P83731
60S ribosomal protein L24
RPL24

Homo sapiens

80.95
20.38
3
27


P30040
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29
ERP29

Homo sapiens

73.20
14.18
3
27


P62269
40S ribosomal protein S18
RPS18

Homo sapiens

71.59
16.45
3
27


Q96HE7
ERO1-like protein alpha
ERO1L

Homo sapiens

114.32
22.44
6
26


Q16181
Septin-7
41889

Homo sapiens

100.36
21.97
6
26


P43235
Cathepsin K
CTSK

Homo sapiens

99.90
19.45
3
26


P40261
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
NNMT

Homo sapiens

99.01
21.97
4
26


O43399
Tumor protein D54
TPD52L2

Homo sapiens

96.02
36.41
5
26


P21266
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3
ALB

Homo sapiens

84.67
22.67
4
26


P08962
CD63 antigen
GSTM3

Homo sapiens

72.76
7.56
2
26


P02770
Serum albumin
CD63

Rattus norvegicus

93.78
4.28
2
26


P22695
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2,
UQCRC2

Homo sapiens

104.25
16.78
5
25



mitochondrial


P39023
60S ribosomal protein L3
RPL3

Homo sapiens

103.60
20.84
6
25


Q00341
Vigilin
HDLBP

Homo sapiens

103.20
4.10
3
25


Q01813
6-phosphofructokinase type C
PFKP

Homo sapiens

97.67
13.14
6
25


P12955
Xaa-Pro dipeptidase
PEPD

Homo sapiens

92.15
8.32
3
25


P27487
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
DPP4

Homo sapiens

90.72
10.44
6
25


P05413
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart
FABP3

Homo sapiens

88.34
45.86
6
25


P35908
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal
KRT2

Homo sapiens

85.90
11.58
6
25


P21589
5′-nucleotidase
NT5E

Homo sapiens

85.75
15.85
6
25


O75915
PRA1 family protein 3
ARL6IP5

Homo sapiens

81.97
15.96
2
25


P05556
Integrin beta-1
ITGB1

Homo sapiens

80.76
6.02
4
25


Q8WUM4
Programmed cell death 6-interacting protein
PDCD6IP

Homo sapiens

74.74
7.37
5
25


P78417
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1
GSTO1

Homo sapiens

74.27
7.88
2
25


P46781
40S ribosomal protein S9
RPS9

Homo sapiens

68.19
13.40
3
25


P14866
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
HNRNPL

Homo sapiens

123.31
8.66
2
24


P40227
T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta
CCT6A

Homo sapiens

112.14
25.05
7
24


Q12905
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2
ILF2

Homo sapiens

105.67
12.82
3
24


Q7KZF4
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing
SND1

Homo sapiens

99.88
13.19
7
24



protein 1


P02765
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
AHSG

Homo sapiens

90.97
5.45
2
24


O60506
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q
SYNCRIP

Homo sapiens

90.57
11.88
5
24


P23634
Plasma membrane calcium-transporting
ATP2B4

Homo sapiens

85.12
2.50
2
24



ATPase 4


P10155
60 kDa SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein
TROVE2

Homo sapiens

79.15
4.46
2
24


O00231
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD11

Homo sapiens

75.89
8.77
3
24



subunit 11


P61088
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N
UBE2N

Homo sapiens

71.94
41.45
5
24


P05386
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1
RPLP1

Homo sapiens

110.40
51.75
2
23


O15460
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2
P4HA2

Homo sapiens

101.78
12.90
5
23


P13693
Translationally-controlled tumor protein
TPT1

Homo sapiens

94.17
12.21
2
23


P10620
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1
MGST1

Homo sapiens

89.77
27.10
3
23


Q99623
Prohibitin-2
PHB2

Homo sapiens

82.71
25.42
6
23


P61604
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPE1

Homo sapiens

82.34
25.49
2
23


Q8NHP8
Putative phospholipase B-like 2
PLBD2

Homo sapiens

81.14
8.49
4
23


P35754
Glutaredoxin-1
GLRX

Homo sapiens

75.29
30.19
2
23


P17987
T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha
TCP1

Homo sapiens

66.48
8.45
4
23


P16403
Histone H1.2
HIST1H1C

Homo sapiens

63.40
19.72
4
23


P01033
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1
TIMP1

Homo sapiens

90.30
28.02
4
22


P60866
40S ribosomal protein S20
RPS20

Homo sapiens

87.96
19.33
2
22


P04179
Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial
SOD2

Homo sapiens

84.22
22.97
4
22


P01889
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-7
HLA-B

Homo sapiens

80.41
20.72
5
22



alpha chain


Q9UBG0
C-type mannose receptor 2
MRC2

Homo sapiens

79.01
4.12
4
22


O94979
Protein transport protein Sec31A
SEC31A

Homo sapiens

75.45
4.67
4
22


P07711
Cathepsin L1
CTSL

Homo sapiens

72.15
8.41
2
22


P25789
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4
PSMA4

Homo sapiens

67.06
21.46
3
22


P61160
Actin-related protein 2
ACTR2

Homo sapiens

63.07
12.94
4
22


Q9UHD8
Septin-9
41891

Homo sapiens

62.81
13.14
5
22


P35268
60S ribosomal protein L22
RPL22

Homo sapiens

62.65
18.75
2
22


P30084
Enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial
ECHS1

Homo sapiens

96.93
19.31
3
21


O14773
Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1
TPP1

Homo sapiens

81.36
8.17
3
21


P62333
26S protease regulatory subunit 10B
PSMC6

Homo sapiens

79.86
11.83
3
21


P54709
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1B3

Homo sapiens

76.45
17.20
3
21



subunit beta-3


P13010
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5
XRCC5

Homo sapiens

76.09
11.34
5
21


P39656
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
DDOST

Homo sapiens

75.49
16.23
5
21



glycosyltransferase 48 kDa subunit


Q16881
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
TXNRD1

Homo sapiens

73.59
10.02
4
21


Q9NR45
Sialic acid synthase
NANS

Homo sapiens

73.04
15.88
3
21


P13674
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
P4HA1

Homo sapiens

72.31
14.98
6
21


P47756
F-actin-capping protein subunit beta
CAPZB

Homo sapiens

71.92
20.94
4
21


P61313
60S ribosomal protein L15
RPL15

Homo sapiens

70.62
17.16
3
21


P11047
Laminin subunit gamma-1
LAMC1

Homo sapiens

66.17
5.90
7
21


P51148
Ras-related protein Rab-5C
RAB5C

Homo sapiens

63.90
23.15
4
21


O75390
Citrate synthase, mitochondrial
CS

Homo sapiens

60.12
7.73
3
21


P62263
40S ribosomal protein S14
RPS14

Homo sapiens

87.52
21.19
2
20


Q13724
Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase
MOGS

Homo sapiens

84.85
3.58
2
20


P36543
V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1
ATP6V1E1

Homo sapiens

79.06
6.19
2
20


P13797
Plastin-3
PLS3

Homo sapiens

70.30
10.79
5
20


P54920
Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
NAPA

Homo sapiens

68.68
28.47
6
20


P27635
60S ribosomal protein L10
RPL10

Homo sapiens

64.27
23.83
3
20


Q04760
Lactoylglutathione lyase
GLO1

Homo sapiens

63.58
14.67
2
20


P26640
Valine--tRNA ligase
VARS

Homo sapiens

62.47
3.88
4
20


O94905
Erlin-2
ERLIN2

Homo sapiens

61.85
16.81
4
20


O14979
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-
HNRNPDL

Homo sapiens

61.35
9.76
3
20



like


P13473
Lysosome-associated membrane
LAMP2

Homo sapiens

57.75
7.07
3
20



glycoprotein 2


P11940
Polyadenylate-binding protein 1
PABPC1

Homo sapiens

56.47
9.91
5
20


P20340
Ras-related protein Rab-6A
RAB6A

Homo sapiens

54.52
22.12
4
20


P62318
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D3
SNRPD3

Homo sapiens

53.58
15.08
2
20


Q99460
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD1

Homo sapiens

109.07
5.46
3
19



subunit 1


Q9BS26
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44
ERP44

Homo sapiens

90.29
15.27
4
19


Q15185
Prostaglandin E synthase 3
PTGES3

Homo sapiens

87.82
18.13
2
19


P29373
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2
CRABP2

Homo sapiens

84.96
34.78
4
19


P20618
Proteasome subunit beta type-1
PSMB1

Homo sapiens

79.58
21.16
3
18


Q9Y3I0
tRNA-splicing ligase RtcB homolog
RTCB

Homo sapiens

75.39
13.47
4
19


O14818
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7
PSMA7

Homo sapiens

74.40
28.63
4
19


P51636
Caveolin-2
CAV2

Homo sapiens

71.42
20.99
2
19


P35606
Coatomer subunit beta′
COPB2

Homo sapiens

67.84
10.49
6
19


Q15836
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3
VAMP3

Homo sapiens

67.54
33.00
2
19


P21810
Biglycan
BGN

Homo sapiens

65.73
10.87
3
19


Q99715
Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain
COL12A1

Homo sapiens

63.88
3.40
7
19


Q13557
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
CAMK2D

Homo sapiens

63.08
16.03
5
19



type II subunit delta


P00505
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
GOT2

Homo sapiens

60.55
14.42
5
19


P02786
Transferrin receptor protein 1
TFRC

Homo sapiens

56.99
5.00
3
19


P04062
Glucosylceramidase
GBA

Homo sapiens

54.01
4.48
2
19


Q9NVA2
Septin-11
41893

Homo sapiens

51.50
8.86
3
19


Q8IWE2
Protein NOXP20
FAM114A1

Homo sapiens

76.12
14.03
5
18


Q9NVJ2
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B
ARL8B

Homo sapiens

72.50
34.95
5
18


P07814
Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase
EPRS

Homo sapiens

71.04
4.70
4
18


Q9UNM6
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD13

Homo sapiens

69.95
18.62
5
18



subunit 13


Q13200
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD2

Homo sapiens

68.87
9.47
6
18



subunit 2


Q07960
Rho GTPase-activating protein 1
ARHGAP1

Homo sapiens

68.44
14.35
4
18


P36957
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue
DLST

Homo sapiens

66.31
12.80
4
18



succinyltransferase component of 2-



oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial


Q13492
Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein
PICALM

Homo sapiens

61.69
4.91
2
18


P13804
Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha,
ETFA

Homo sapiens

59.21
25.53
6
18



mitochondrial


P62753
40S ribosomal protein S6
RPS6

Homo sapiens

57.11
18.88
4
18


P11279
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1
LAMP1

Homo sapiens

54.87
10.55
4
18


Q15075
Early endosome antigen 1
EEA1

Homo sapiens

54.84
4.61
5
18


Q9UHA4
Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR3
LAMTOR3

Homo sapiens

53.15
30.65
2
18


P49773
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1
HINT1

Homo sapiens

114.80
53.97
3
17


P04632
Calpain small subunit 1
CAPNS1

Homo sapiens

72.67
44.40
5
17


Q9H4M9
EH domain-containing protein 1
EHD1

Homo sapiens

72.21
14.42
5
17


O75367
Core histone macro-H2A 1
H2AFY

Homo sapiens

72.16
13.44
3
17


O15144
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2
ARPC2

Homo sapiens

66.66
21.67
4
17


Q9NYU2
UDP-glucose: glycoprotein
UGGT1

Homo sapiens

63.95
6.17
6
17



glucosyltransferase 1


Q9UIJ7
GTP: AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrial
AK3

Homo sapiens

62.60
18.50
3
17


Q7L2H7
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3M

Homo sapiens

60.36
15.78
4
17



subunit M


P62857
40S ribosomal protein S28
RPS28

Homo sapiens

58.87
33.33
2
17


Q02878
60S ribosomal protein L6
RPL6

Homo sapiens

58.47
15.63
3
17


Q15436
Protein transport protein Sec23A
SEC23A

Homo sapiens

57.10
3.53
2
17


P61224
Ras-related protein Rap-1b
RAP1B

Homo sapiens

57.06
27.72
4
17


P51571
Translocon-associated protein subunit delta
SSR4

Homo sapiens

55.54
23.12
3
17


P26447
Protein S100-A4
S100A4

Homo sapiens

53.79
28.71
3
17


Q14647
LIM and SH3 domain protein 1
LASP1

Homo sapiens

53.29
21.84
5
17


Q12884
Seprase
FAP

Homo sapiens

52.54
7.63
5
17


P02795
Metallothionein-2
MT2A

Homo sapiens

51.33
21.31
2
17


P38159
RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome
RBMX

Homo sapiens

48.65
8.95
3
17


P62081
40S ribosomal protein S7
RPS7

Homo sapiens

77.61
38.66
4
16


P21964
Catechol O-methyltransferase
COMT

Homo sapiens

69.40
19.93
4
16


P48047
ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial
ATP5O

Homo sapiens

66.42
39.44
5
16


P62195
26S protease regulatory subunit 8
PSMC5

Homo sapiens

55.47
18.23
5
16


P20674
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A,
COX5A

Homo sapiens

51.48
26.67
3
16



mitochondrial


Q9UHG3
Prenylcysteine oxidase 1
PCYOX1

Homo sapiens

48.05
11.88
4
16


P10301
Ras-related protein R-Ras
RRAS

Homo sapiens

47.42
12.84
2
16


P20700
Lamin-B1
LMNB1

Homo sapiens

43.93
5.46
4
16


P37235
Hippocalcin-like protein 1
HPCAL1

Homo sapiens

40.95
17.10
3
16


P39060
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain [Cleaved into:
COL18A1

Homo sapiens

85.90
4.45
4
15



Endostatin]


P63173
60S ribosomal protein L38
RPL38

Homo sapiens

73.59
35.71
2
15


O43242
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD3

Homo sapiens

65.74
7.68
3
15



subunit 3


P46777
60S ribosomal protein L5
RPL5

Homo sapiens

65.57
23.91
5
15


P63167
Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic
DYNLL1

Homo sapiens

64.99
37.08
2
15


Q9BWD1
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic
ACAT2

Homo sapiens

63.92
22.92
4
15


P19623
Spermidine synthase
SRM

Homo sapiens

63.90
37.09
6
15


P12268
Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2
IMPDH2

Homo sapiens

63.68
5.84
2
15


P61769
Beta-2-microglobulin [Cleaved into: Beta-2-
B2M

Homo sapiens

62.44
35.29
3
15



microglobulin form pl 5.3]


P09622
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
DLD

Homo sapiens

62.33
6.48
2
15


O95373
Importin-7
IPO7

Homo sapiens

61.73
4.43
3
15


P49257
Protein ERGIC-53
LMAN1

Homo sapiens

60.05
10.39
2
15


P00390
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
GSR

Homo sapiens

52.89
11.88
3
15


P61019
Ras-related protein Rab-2A
RAB2A

Homo sapiens

50.25
23.58
4
15


P23141
Liver carboxylesterase 1
CES1

Homo sapiens

50.07
7.58
3
15


O60763
General vesicular transport factor p115
USO1

Homo sapiens

49.72
6.24
4
15


Q9H8H3
Methyltransferase-like protein 7A
METTL7A

Homo sapiens

48.17
12.30
2
15


P09960
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase
LTA4H

Homo sapiens

47.92
6.71
3
15


Q9UHL4
Dipeptidyl peptidase 2
DPP7

Homo sapiens

44.72
4.47
2
15


Q01995
Transgelin
TAGLN

Homo sapiens

44.12
21.39
3
15


P41252
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
IARS

Homo sapiens

39.65
3.49
4
15


P61970
Nuclear transport factor 2
NUTF2

Homo sapiens

66.79
33.86
2
14


Q92499
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1
DDX1

Homo sapiens

66.78
7.43
3
14


O14980
Exportin-1
XPO1

Homo sapiens

65.25
5.23
3
14


P68402
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB
PAFAH1B2

Homo sapiens

53.86
20.96
3
14



subunit beta


P31943
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
HNRNPH1

Homo sapiens

52.62
14.25
4
14


P46778
60S ribosomal protein L21
RPL21

Homo sapiens

47.80
27.50
3
14


Q32P28
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
LEPRE1

Homo sapiens

47.36
5.71
3
14


O95816
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 2
BAG2

Homo sapiens

46.92
13.27
2
14


Q92945
Far upstream element-binding protein 2
KHSRP

Homo sapiens

45.76
5.63
3
14


P62847
40S ribosomal protein S24
RPS24

Homo sapiens

45.06
20.30
2
14


Q9ULV4
Coronin-1C
CORO1C

Homo sapiens

43.61
9.07
3
14


Q99584
Protein S100-A13
S100A13

Homo sapiens

43.40
23.47
2
14


Q9Y3A6
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED5

Homo sapiens

42.79
10.04
2
14



protein 5


P62750
60S ribosomal protein L23a
RPL23A

Homo sapiens

42.75
21.15
3
14


O15260
Surfeit locus protein 4
SURF4

Homo sapiens

42.65
11.90
3
14


P19404
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]
NDUFV2

Homo sapiens

42.13
9.24
2
14



flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial


P48681
Nestin
NES

Homo sapiens

39.33
1.48
2
14


Q9NQW7
Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1
XPNPEP1

Homo sapiens

38.25
4.82
2
14


Q99829
Copine-1
CPNE1

Homo sapiens

37.60
4.66
2
14


P06703
Protein S100-A6
S100A6

Homo sapiens

36.86
36.67
2
14


P61163
Alpha-centractin
ACTR1A

Homo sapiens

55.95
14.89
3
13


Q08211
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A
DHX9

Homo sapiens

54.67
6.14
5
13


P38606
V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A
ATP6V1A

Homo sapiens

54.37
17.34
6
13


Q99714
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
HSD17B10

Homo sapiens

54.15
31.03
4
13


P27701
CD82 antigen
CD82

Homo sapiens

49.98
10.49
2
13


Q13765
Nascent polypeptide-associated complex
NACA

Homo sapiens

49.28
18.60
3
13



subunit alpha


P14854
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1
COX6B1

Homo sapiens

48.91
47.67
3
13


P06756
Integrin alpha-V
ITGAV

Homo sapiens

45.52
11.45
7
13


P26373
60S ribosomal protein L13
RPL13

Homo sapiens

44.56
15.64
3
13


Q02809
Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-
PLOD1

Homo sapiens

44.26
7.43
4
13



dioxygenase 1


P62899
60S ribosomal protein L31
RPL31

Homo sapiens

42.96
18.40
2
13


P60953
Cell division control protein 42 homolog
CDC42

Homo sapiens

42.70
20.42
3
13


Q6NUM9
All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
RETSAT

Homo sapiens

41.53
4.92
2
13


Q01105
Protein SET
SET

Homo sapiens

40.71
18.26
4
13


P05455
Lupus La protein
SSB

Homo sapiens

39.96
12.50
4
13


P31948
Stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1
STIP1

Homo sapiens

39.18
7.73
3
13


P54136
Arginine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
RARS

Homo sapiens

38.86
10.61
6
13


Q92841
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase
DDX17

Homo sapiens

38.01
7.27
5
13



DDX17


P62330
ADP-ribosylation factor 6
ARF6

Homo sapiens

37.62
12.57
2
13


Q13228
Selenium-binding protein 1
SELENBP1

Homo sapiens

37.11
13.98
5
13


Q14152
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3A

Homo sapiens

37.07
4.27
5
13



subunit A


P05023
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1A1

Homo sapiens

36.70
5.28
4
13



subunit alpha-1


Q70UQ0
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-
IKBIP

Homo sapiens

36.29
6.57
2
13



interacting protein


O14579
Coatomer subunit epsilon
COPE

Homo sapiens

57.73
6.82
2
12


P46063
ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1
RECQL

Homo sapiens

51.17
6.63
3
12


Q9UBQ7
Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate
GRHPR

Homo sapiens

49.69
17.38
3
12



reductase


Q07666
KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal
KHDRBS1

Homo sapiens

47.70
7.67
2
12



transduction-associated protein 1


Q16363
Laminin subunit alpha-4
LAMA4

Homo sapiens

46.26
4.55
6
12


P46821
Microtubule-associated protein 1B
MAP1B

Homo sapiens

46.16
4.62
7
12


P24752
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
ACAT1

Homo sapiens

42.51
9.84
3
12


O75368
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein
SH3BGRL

Homo sapiens

42.33
35.09
3
12


O95292
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-
VAPB

Homo sapiens

40.84
10.70
2
12



associated protein B/C


Q13418
Integrin-linked protein kinase
ILK

Homo sapiens

40.30
14.38
4
12


P80303
Nucleobindin-2
NUCB2

Homo sapiens

40.20
7.14
2
12


P49589
Cysteine-tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
CARS

Homo sapiens

40.10
4.68
2
12


Q9P2J5
Leucine-tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
LARS

Homo sapiens

39.68
2.98
3
12


P23526
Adenosylhomocysteinase
AHCY

Homo sapiens

39.58
13.43
4
12


Q14112
Nidogen-2
NID2

Homo sapiens

39.09
7.71
6
12


P55884
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3B

Homo sapiens

38.13
5.90
4
12



subunit B


O15145
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3
ARPC3

Homo sapiens

37.32
13.48
2
12


P02649
Apolipoprotein E
APOE

Homo sapiens

37.22
8.52
2
12


P55795
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2
HNRNPH2

Homo sapiens

36.67
10.47
3
12


Q99439
Calponin-2
CNN2

Homo sapiens

36.58
13.27
3
12


P62917
60S ribosomal protein L8
RPL8

Homo sapiens

34.54
25.29
5
12


P60900
Proteasome subunit alpha type-6
PSMA6

Homo sapiens

34.38
10.16
2
12


Q71UM5
40S ribosomal protein S27-like
RPS27L

Homo sapiens

33.77
38.10
3
12


Q03252
Lamin-B2
LMNB2

Homo sapiens

33.19
9.50
6
12


Q15323
Keratin, type I cuticular Ha1
KRT31

Homo sapiens

56.86
10.34
3
11


Q15121
Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15
PEA15

Homo sapiens

54.65
27.69
3
11


Q6DD88
Atlastin-3
ATL3

Homo sapiens

53.61
11.46
3
11


O15511
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5
ARPC5

Homo sapiens

53.45
20.53
2
11


Q9Y3F4
Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein
STRAP

Homo sapiens

49.03
8.86
2
11


P49591
Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
SARS

Homo sapiens

48.84
16.54
5
11


P07954
Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial
FH

Homo sapiens

48.14
8.63
2
11


Q15008
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD6

Homo sapiens

46.03
7.20
2
11



subunit 6


Q6IAA8
Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1
LAMTOR1

Homo sapiens

45.57
15.53
2
11


P23246
Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich
SFPQ

Homo sapiens

44.03
6.93
4
11


Q02618
Nucleobindin-1
NUCB1

Homo sapiens

41.49
6.29
2
11


Q9Y5X1
Sorting nexin-9
SNX9

Homo sapiens

41.27
7.39
3
11


P31937
3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase,
HIBADH

Homo sapiens

40.12
7.14
2
11



mitochondrial


Q99832
T-complex protein 1 subunit eta
CCT7

Homo sapiens

39.69
11.97
4
11


P22087
rRNA 2′-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin
FBL

Homo sapiens

38.41
12.15
3
11


Q9NR31
GTP-binding protein SAR1a
SAR1A

Homo sapiens

37.09
21.72
3
11


P43487
Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein
RANBP1

Homo sapiens

36.66
16.92
2
11


Q8IZP2
Putative protein FAM10A4
ST13P4

Homo sapiens

36.63
17.08
3
11


P51858
Hepatoma-derived growth factor
HDGF

Homo sapiens

36.37
13.75
2
11


Q13263
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta
TRIM28

Homo sapiens

35.01
5.87
3
11


O60282
Kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C
KIF5C

Homo sapiens

34.89
2.51
2
11


Q9NZ08
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1
ERAP1

Homo sapiens

33.59
5.84
4
11


Q13561
Dynactin subunit 2
DCTN2

Homo sapiens

33.10
8.23
2
11


Q14258
E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25
TRIM25

Homo sapiens

32.68
6.03
3
11


P00403
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
MT-CO2

Homo sapiens

31.78
20.26
3
11


Q15417
Calponin-3
CNN3

Homo sapiens

29.35
7.60
2
11


P14406
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2,
COX7A2

Homo sapiens

28.49
27.71
2
11



mitochondrial


P28799
Granulins
GRN

Homo sapiens

48.40
8.43
2
10


P28331
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa
NDUFS1

Homo sapiens

48.36
7.84
3
10



subunit, mitochondrial


Q92597
Protein NDRG1
NDRG1

Homo sapiens

44.52
8.88
2
10


P48643
T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon
CCT5

Homo sapiens

44.52
12.20
4
10


P00568
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1
AK1

Homo sapiens

44.50
25.77
4
10


O00410
Importin-5
IPO5

Homo sapiens

44.31
5.10
3
10


P04216
Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein
THY1

Homo sapiens

42.19
15.53
2
10


P62191
26S protease regulatory subunit 4
PSMC1

Homo sapiens

41.71
8.18
2
10


P61916
Epididymal secretory protein E1
NPC2

Homo sapiens

41.08
25.83
2
10


Q53GQ0
Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 12
HSD17B12

Homo sapiens

40.53
14.10
3
10


P09429
High mobility group protein B1
HMGB1

Homo sapiens

38.34
21.86
3
10


Q9NTK5
Obg-like ATPase 1
OLA1

Homo sapiens

38.07
11.11
3
10


Q96CW1
AP-2 complex subunit mu
AP2M1

Homo sapiens

36.90
15.17
4
10


P99999
Cytochrome c
CYCS

Homo sapiens

36.48
24.76
2
10


P22102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein
GART

Homo sapiens

35.51
2.67
2
10



adenosine-3 [Includes: Phosphoribosylamine--



glycine ligase]


P38117
Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta
ETFB

Homo sapiens

35.36
10.20
2
10


P10253
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase
GAA

Homo sapiens

34.48
4.94
3
10


P14868
Aspartate--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
DARS

Homo sapiens

34.20
7.78
3
10


P18621
60S ribosomal protein L17
RPL17

Homo sapiens

32.59
17.93
3
10


P46977
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
STT3A

Homo sapiens

32.58
3.69
2
10



glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A


P55735
Protein SEC13 homolog
SEC13

Homo sapiens

30.57
15.22
3
10


Q9Y646
Carboxypeptidase Q
CPQ

Homo sapiens

29.57
4.24
2
10


O95747
Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1
OXSR1

Homo sapiens

28.78
4.93
2
10


Q16795
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
NDUFA9

Homo sapiens

28.28
9.28
3
10



subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial


Q13425
Beta-2-syntrophin
SNTB2

Homo sapiens

27.91
3.89
2
10


Q9HC38
Glyoxalase domain-containing protein 4
GLOD4

Homo sapiens

26.47
7.35
2
10


P22307
Non-specific lipid-transfer protein
SCP2

Homo sapiens

25.98
3.47
2
10


P25787
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2
PSMA2

Homo sapiens

41.91
27.78
4
9


Q02952
A-kinase anchor protein 12
AKAP12

Homo sapiens

41.76
7.58
6
9


P09619
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta
PDGFRB

Homo sapiens

41.28
5.24
3
9


O00154
Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
ACOT7

Homo sapiens

36.65
12.37
3
9


O14880
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3
MGST3

Homo sapiens

36.64
23.03
2
9


O15143
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B
ARPC1B

Homo sapiens

36.57
18.55
4
9


O75131
Copine-3
CPNE3

Homo sapiens

34.80
6.33
2
9


P80723
Brain acid soluble protein 1
BASP1

Homo sapiens

33.15
18.94
3
9


Q1KMD3
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-
HNRNPUL2

Homo sapiens

32.68
4.82
2
9



like protein 2


Q9Y4L1
Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1
HYOU1

Homo sapiens

31.81
6.81
4
9


Q9Y371
Endophilin-B1
SH3GLB1

Homo sapiens

28.93
7.40
2
9


O43615
Mitochondrial import inner membrane
TIMM44

Homo sapiens

28.91
5.09
2
9



translocase subunit TIM44


Q9Y3U8
60S ribosomal protein L36
RPL36

Homo sapiens

26.89
21.90
3
9


P35613
Basigin
BSG

Homo sapiens

26.77
8.31
2
9


O94832
Unconventional myosin-Id
MYO1D

Homo sapiens

26.14
2.49
2
9


Q9BWM7
Sideroflexin-3
SFXN3

Homo sapiens

26.01
8.62
2
9


P84098
60S ribosomal protein L19
RPL19

Homo sapiens

25.73
13.27
2
9


Q9UM54
Unconventional myosin-VI
MYO6

Homo sapiens

25.66
2.16
2
9


P62851
40S ribosomal protein S25
RPS25

Homo sapiens

24.91
16.00
2
9


P27695
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase
APEX1

Homo sapiens

41.98
29.87
5
8


P30085
UMP-CMP kinase
CMPK1

Homo sapiens

37.21
16.84
2
8


P10768
S-formylglutathione hydrolase
ESD

Homo sapiens

34.83
25.18
4
8


Q9Y224
UPF0568 protein C14orf166
C14ORF166

Homo sapiens

30.19
22.54
4
8


P43490
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
NAMPT

Homo sapiens

29.74
8.35
2
8


P43243
Matrin-3
MATR3

Homo sapiens

28.76
7.20
4
8


P54578
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14
USP14

Homo sapiens

27.29
5.87
2
8


Q9UJ70
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase
NAGK

Homo sapiens

24.55
17.73
4
8


P52272
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M
HNRNPM

Homo sapiens

24.43
4.79
3
8


O95336
6-phosphogluconolactonase
PGLS

Homo sapiens

24.35
17.05
3
8


P0CW22
40S ribosomal protein S17-like
RPS17L

Homo sapiens

24.28
39.26
4
8


P27708
CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent
CAD

Homo sapiens

22.05
0.90
2
8



carbamoyl-phosphate synthase]


Q02543
60S ribosomal protein L18a
RPL18A

Homo sapiens

19.31
8.52
2
8


P48147
Prolyl endopeptidase
PREP

Homo sapiens

32.74
7.61
3
7


Q9ULZ3
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein
PYCARD

Homo sapiens

31.58
20.00
3
7



containing a CARD


P09936
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase
UCHL1

Homo sapiens

30.85
30.04
4
7



isozyme L1


P28161
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2
GSTM2

Homo sapiens

28.86
28.90
4
7


O75955
Flotillin-1
FLOT1

Homo sapiens

27.63
11.24
3
7


P53007
Tricarboxylate transport protein,
SLC25A1

Homo sapiens

27.37
11.25
3
7



mitochondrial


Q02218
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
OGDH

Homo sapiens

26.92
7.72
4
7


P23381
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
WARS

Homo sapiens

25.94
6.16
2
7


P19367
Hexokinase-1
HK1

Homo sapiens

25.59
4.14
3
7


Q969H8
UPF0556 protein C19orf10
C19ORF10

Homo sapiens

24.70
15.03
2
7


P07942
Laminin subunit beta-1
LAMB1

Homo sapiens

23.93
2.69
3
7


P06865
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha
HEXA

Homo sapiens

23.56
7.75
3
7


Q63ZY3
KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-
KANK2

Homo sapiens

22.46
4.70
3
7



containing protein 2


Q9UQ80
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4
PA2G4

Homo sapiens

22.38
13.20
3
7


Q96FQ6
Protein S100-A16
S100A16

Homo sapiens

22.13
22.33
2
7


P67775
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A
PPP2CA

Homo sapiens

21.41
15.86
3
7



catalytic subunit alpha isoform


P05091
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
ALDH2

Homo sapiens

21.31
5.80
2
7


Q16718
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
NDUFA5

Homo sapiens

20.43
22.41
2
7



subcomplex subunit 5


P10644
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha
PRKAR1A

Homo sapiens

20.35
9.19
2
7



regulatory subunit


P55010
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5
EIF5

Homo sapiens

20.27
5.57
2
7


P20042
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2
EIF2S2

Homo sapiens

20.09
8.11
2
7



subunit 2


P61353
60S ribosomal protein L27
RPL27

Homo sapiens

19.64
21.32
2
7


Q13451
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5
FKBP5

Homo sapiens

19.41
6.56
2
7


O60488
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4
ACSL4

Homo sapiens

18.27
4.36
2
7


P62913
60S ribosomal protein L11
RPL11

Homo sapiens

17.77
12.92
2
7


P40429
60S ribosomal protein L13a
RPL13A

Homo sapiens

17.62
8.87
2
7


P43304
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
GPD2

Homo sapiens

31.91
6.05
2
6



mitochondrial


P51665
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD7

Homo sapiens

31.27
12.65
2
6



subunit 7


Q16643
Drebrin
DBN1

Homo sapiens

29.77
6.32
2
6


P31930
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1,
UQCRC1

Homo sapiens

29.16
8.54
2
6



mitochondrial


O43491
Band 4.1-like protein 2
EPB41L2

Homo sapiens

28.75
3.58
2
6


P21281
V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain
ATP6V1B2

Homo sapiens

28.46
6.65
2
6



isoform


O00151
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1
PDLIM1

Homo sapiens

27.03
17.33
3
6


Q08380
Galectin-3-binding protein
LGALS3BP

Homo sapiens

22.65
7.52
3
6


Q15063
Periostin
POSTN

Homo sapiens

22.25
4.31
2
6


P30043
Flavin reductase
BLVRB

Homo sapiens

21.34
12.14
2
6


P39059
Collagen alpha-1(XV) chain [Cleaved into:
COL15A1

Homo sapiens

19.86
2.88
2
6



Restin]


Q13126
S-methyl-5′-thioadenosine phosphorylase
MTAP

Homo sapiens

19.56
20.49
3
6


P36871
Phosphoglucomutase-1
PGM1

Homo sapiens

19.51
7.83
3
6


P49821
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]
NDUFV1

Homo sapiens

19.40
7.97
2
6



flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial


P13798
Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme
APEH

Homo sapiens

19.12
4.78
2
6


P35998
26S protease regulatory subunit 7
PSMC2

Homo sapiens

19.00
5.08
2
6


P48735
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP],
IDH2

Homo sapiens

18.47
5.97
2
6



mitochondrial


P42765
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial
ACAA2

Homo sapiens

18.27
7.81
2
6


Q9Y262
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3L

Homo sapiens

18.24
3.55
2
6



subunit L


P10515
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase
DLAT

Homo sapiens

17.45
5.87
3
6



component of pyruvate dehydrogenase



complex, mitochondrial


P52630
Signal transducer and activator of
STAT2

Homo sapiens

17.26
2.82
2
6



transcription 2


Q9Y376
Calcium-binding protein 39
CAB39

Homo sapiens

16.98
6.16
2
6


Q9Y230
RuvB-like 2
RUVBL2

Homo sapiens

16.90
8.21
3
6


Q15758
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)
SLC1A5

Homo sapiens

16.35
4.44
2
6


Q13488
V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 3
TCIRG1

Homo sapiens

16.17
2.65
2
6


P67812
Signal peptidase complex catalytic subunit
SEC11A

Homo sapiens

15.79
9.50
2
6



SEC11A


Q9BTV4
Transmembrane protein 43
TMEM43

Homo sapiens

15.70
9.00
2
6


P54819
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial
AK2

Homo sapiens

26.93
13.81
2
5


Q08431
Lactadherin
MFGE8

Homo sapiens

23.70
8.53
2
5


Q15363
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED2

Homo sapiens

22.92
13.93
2
5



protein 2


Q99798
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial
ACO2

Homo sapiens

21.59
7.18
3
5


P47897
Glutamine--tRNA ligase
QARS

Homo sapiens

20.09
3.74
2
5


Q9BVK6
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED9

Homo sapiens

19.41
14.47
2
5



protein 9


P49720
Proteasome subunit beta type-3
PSMB3

Homo sapiens

18.74
23.90
3
5


O75947
ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial
ATP5H

Homo sapiens

18.55
23.60
2
5


Q8NC51
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-
SERBP1

Homo sapiens

17.47
12.01
3
5



binding protein


Q14247
Src substrate cortactin
CTTN

Homo sapiens

17.46
4.73
2
5


P56537
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6
EIF6

Homo sapiens

16.72
13.88
2
5


P32969
60S ribosomal protein L9
RPL9

Homo sapiens

16.46
15.63
3
5


P53004
Biliverdin reductase A
BLVRA

Homo sapiens

16.33
10.47
2
5


Q8IVL8
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3
LEPREL2

Homo sapiens

16.32
4.21
2
5


Q99961
Endophilin-A2
SH3GL1

Homo sapiens

16.27
12.23
3
5


P34897
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial
SHMT2

Homo sapiens

16.25
4.96
2
5


O75489
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-
NDUFS3

Homo sapiens

15.69
9.09
2
5



sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial


P54802
Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
NAGLU

Homo sapiens

15.09
3.77
2
5


P22105
Tenascin-X
TNXB

Homo sapiens

14.73
0.44
2
5


P78344
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4
EIF4G2

Homo sapiens

14.65
2.32
2
5



gamma 2


Q15392
Delta(24)-sterol reductase
DHCR24

Homo sapiens

14.52
5.23
2
5


P11586
C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic
MTHFD1

Homo sapiens

14.51
7.49
4
5


P00491
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
PNP

Homo sapiens

14.37
9.69
2
5


Q16891
Mitochondrial inner membrane protein
IMMT

Homo sapiens

13.52
4.35
2
5


Q7L576
Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1
CYFIP1

Homo sapiens

13.35
1.84
2
5


O60749
Sorting nexin-2
SNX2

Homo sapiens

13.17
5.97
3
5


Q13510
Acid ceramidase
ASAH1

Homo sapiens

23.59
10.13
2
4


Q15942
Zyxin
ZYX

Homo sapiens

22.85
6.64
2
4


P05198
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2
EIF2S1

Homo sapiens

19.39
13.65
2
4



subunit 1


P26639
Threonine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
TARS

Homo sapiens

18.59
7.61
3
4


Q9UL46
Proteasome activator complex subunit 2
PSME2

Homo sapiens

17.60
12.13
2
4


Q9Y2B0
Protein canopy homolog 2
CNPY2

Homo sapiens

16.38
17.03
2
4


Q04837
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein,
SSBP1

Homo sapiens

16.36
22.30
2
4



mitochondrial


P04040
Catalase
CAT

Homo sapiens

16.25
6.07
2
4


Q9BQG0
Myb-binding protein 1A
MYBBP1A

Homo sapiens

14.03
3.92
4
4


P24539
ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial
ATP5F1

Homo sapiens

13.65
14.84
3
4


Q92896
Golgi apparatus protein 1
GLG1

Homo sapiens

13.63
4.92
3
4


O00764
Pyridoxal kinase
PDXK

Homo sapiens

12.53
9.29
2
4


P08195
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain
SLC3A2

Homo sapiens

12.44
4.13
2
4


P11177
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component
PDHB

Homo sapiens

12.43
8.91
2
4



subunit beta, mitochondrial


P42704
Leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein,
LRPPRC

Homo sapiens

12.09
2.44
3
4



mitochondrial


Q9NSE4
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
IARS2

Homo sapiens

12.01
3.16
3
4


Q09028
Histone-binding protein RBBP4
RBBP4

Homo sapiens

11.31
4.94
2
4


Q13641
Trophoblast glycoprotein
TPBG

Homo sapiens

11.29
6.90
2
4


Q8TED1
Probable glutathione peroxidase 8
GPX8

Homo sapiens

11.12
14.35
2
4


P02533
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14
KRT14

Homo sapiens

10.56
5.72
3
4


P63220
40S ribosomal protein S21
RPS21

Homo sapiens

9.98
22.89
2
4


P29966
Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate
MARCKS

Homo sapiens

15.74
19.28
2
3


P13861
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha
PRKAR2A

Homo sapiens

14.72
7.92
2
3



regulatory subunit


Q16401
26S proteasame non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD5

Homo sapiens

13.99
6.35
2
3



subunit 5


P15848
Arylsulfatase B
ARSB

Homo sapiens

11.33
4.69
2
3


P60983
Glia maturation factor beta
GMFB

Homo sapiens

10.95
23.94
2
3


P51648
Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
ALDH3A2

Homo sapiens

10.57
6.39
2
3


Q92905
COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5
COPS5

Homo sapiens

9.88
6.89
2
3


O00754
Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase
MAN2B1

Homo sapiens

9.77
4.06
3
3


P00492
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
HPRT1

Homo sapiens

9.69
10.55
2
3


Q8NBJ5
Procollagen galatcosyltransferase 1
COLGALT1

Homo sapiens

9.09
3.70
2
3


P22234
Multifunctional protein ADE2 [Includes:
PAICS

Homo sapiens

8.98
6.59
2
3



Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-



succinocarboxamide synthase]


Q92973
Transportin-1
TNPO1

Homo sapiens

8.69
4.01
2
3


O00203
AP-3 complex subunit beta-1
AP3B1

Homo sapiens

8.64
2.19
2
3


Q13619
Cullin-4A
CUL4A

Homo sapiens

8.46
3.16
2
3


O14737
Programmed cell death protein 5
PDCD5

Homo sapiens

8.38
17.60
2
3


P61009
Signal peptidase complex subunit 3
SPCS3

Homo sapiens

7.69
12.78
2
3


P24821
Tenascin
TNC

Homo sapiens

10.38
2.18
2
2


O43504
Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR5
LAMTOR5

Homo sapiens

9.61
43.96
2
2


P58546
Myotrophin
MTPN

Homo sapiens

8.58
23.73
2
2


O43809
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity
NUDT21

Homo sapiens

7.44
14.54
2
2



factor subunit 5


Q9Y240
C-type lectin domain family 11 member A
CLEC11A

Homo sapiens

7.24
8.98
2
2


P15289
Arylsulfatase A
ARSA

Homo sapiens

6.60
6.11
2
2


Q6P2Q9
Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8
PRPF8

Homo sapiens

5.80
1.24
2
2







Engineered VF mucosa














P02454
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Rattus norvegicus

17939.13
67.17
76
23308


P02452
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Homo sapiens

9692.90
59.90
58
12942


P02466
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Rattus norvegicus

12133.22
66.84
65
11242


P08123
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Homo sapiens

3559.41
53.00
41
3375


Q09666
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein
AHNAK

Homo sapiens

4681.98
48.56
130
1337



AHNAK


P02461
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Homo sapiens

1086.61
25.24
23
1275


P12111
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
COL6A3

Homo sapiens

3130.59
32.61
82
922


P12109
Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain
COL6A1

Homo sapiens

1617.48
30.74
22
761


P02751
Fibronectin
FN1

Homo sapiens

2824.49
38.14
62
711


P08670
Vimentin
VIM

Homo sapiens

2203.33
54.72
32
629


P21333
Filamin-A
FLNA

Homo sapiens

2379.16
38.12
65
583


Q15149
Plectin
PLEC

Homo sapiens

1740.04
24.12
79
495


P35579
Myosin-9
MYH9

Homo sapiens

2004.50
38.72
58
485


P02545
Prelamin-A/C [Cleaved into: Lamin-A/C]
LMNA

Homo sapiens

1569.62
56.78
36
449


P60711
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
ACTB

Rattus norvegicus

1773.20
63.20
16
446


P14618
Pyruvate kinase PKM
PKM

Homo sapiens

1609.00
59.70
26
406


P07437
Tubulin beta chain
TUBB

Homo sapiens

1561.07
68.92
22
406


P07355
Annexin A2
ANXA2

Homo sapiens

1571.61
61.95
21
399


P68371
Tubulin beta-4B chain
TUBB4B

Homo sapiens

1482.06
72.58
23
382


P04406
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAPDH

Homo sapiens

1281.24
48.36
14
338


P15144
Aminopeptidase N
ANPEP

Homo sapiens

1205.90
25.44
24
325


Q13885
Tubulin beta-2A chain
TUBB2A

Homo sapiens

1196.37
65.17
21
319


Q00610
Clathrin heavy chain 1
CLTC

Homo sapiens

1321.28
26.81
34
315


P11021
78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
HSPA5

Homo sapiens

1056.41
37.31
20
293


P02458
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1

Homo sapiens

434.49
5.65
4
291


Q13509
Tubulin beta-3 chain
TUBB3

Homo sapiens

964.94
40.67
15
286


P68104
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1
EEF1A1

Homo sapiens

1185.32
34.20
11
285


O43707
Alpha-actinin-4
ACTN4

Homo sapiens

1087.17
46.65
32
284


P12814
Alpha-actinin-1
ACTN1

Homo sapiens

1005.57
37.33
26
274


P13941
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Rattus norvegicus

328.06
11.69
10
273


P68363
Tubulin alpha-1B chain
TUBA1B

Homo sapiens

936.85
47.01
16
269


P12110
Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain
COL6A2

Homo sapiens

749.27
28.46
21
268


P00558
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
PGK1

Homo sapiens

1079.13
52.04
17
265


P11142
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
HSPA8

Homo sapiens

954.88
39.94
21
246


P08238
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta
HSP90AB1

Homo sapiens

895.47
33.01
18
234


P06576
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
ATP5B

Homo sapiens

847.43
42.72
15
232


Q9Y490
Talin-1
TLN1

Homo sapiens

941.93
18.30
27
229


P68035
Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1
ACTC1

Rattus norvegicus

734.75
40.85
11
226


P08758
Annexin A5
ANXA5

Homo sapiens

788.33
67.19
18
213


P50454
Serpin H1
SERPINH1

Homo sapiens

914.27
43.78
14
210


P06733
Alpha-enolase
ENO1

Homo sapiens

747.38
48.85
16
209


P04083
Annexin A1
ANXA1

Homo sapiens

841.45
50.00
15
206


P07900
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
HSP90AA1

Homo sapiens

758.22
22.81
15
204


P14625
Endoplasmin
HSP90B1

Homo sapiens

738.44
30.88
20
202


P08133
Annexin A6
ANXA6

Homo sapiens

735.45
43.54
22
195


P60174
Triosephosphate isomerase
TPI1

Homo sapiens

760.58
66.08
14
190


Q14764
Major vault protein
MVP

Homo sapiens

622.39
32.03
20
180


Q04828
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1
AKR1C1

Homo sapiens

706.40
43.96
12
178


Q9BUF5
Tubulin beta-6 chain
TUBB6

Homo sapiens

606.14
38.79
14
178


P04075
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
ALDOA

Homo sapiens

754.78
60.99
15
176


P46940
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1
IQGAP1

Homo sapiens

687.20
19.79
23
175


P04264
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
KRT1

Homo sapiens

612.98
36.34
24
173


P13639
Elongation factor 2
EEF2

Homo sapiens

541.61
29.95
23
169


P06396
Gelsolin
GSN

Homo sapiens

729.67
24.68
14
165


P35555
Fibrillin-1
FBN1

Homo sapiens

596.23
17.24
30
164


Q16555
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2
DPYSL2

Homo sapiens

640.36
41.96
15
159


Q9NZN4
EH domain-containing protein 2
EHD2

Homo sapiens

632.37
38.31
16
159


Q14315
Filamin-C
FLNC

Homo sapiens

690.18
10.94
17
158


O60814
Histone H2B type 1-K
HIST1H2BK

Homo sapiens

439.34
28.57
3
157


P62937
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A
PPIA

Homo sapiens

553.28
55.76
9
156


P29401
Transketolase
TKT

Homo sapiens

648.74
33.71
15
155


P18669
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
PGAM1

Homo sapiens

546.57
45.28
10
149


P00338
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
LDHA

Homo sapiens

503.58
37.95
11
147


O43852
Calumenin
CALU

Homo sapiens

598.11
42.54
13
146


P07237
Protein disulfide-isomerase
P4HB

Homo sapiens

552.43
38.58
17
144


Q13813
Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTAN1

Homo sapiens

514.56
13.55
22
134


P11413
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
G6PD

Homo sapiens

503.50
36.89
13
134


P18206
Vinculin
VCL

Homo sapiens

461.06
28.22
22
134


P30101
Protein disulfide-isomerase A3
PDIA3

Homo sapiens

465.94
37.23
15
132


P07585
Decorin
DCN

Homo sapiens

444.03
43.18
12
130


P55072
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
VCP

Homo sapiens

506.92
32.13
18
129


P11216
Glycogen phosphorylase, brian form
PYGB

Homo sapiens

485.45
28.47
19
127


Q07065
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4
CKAP4

Homo sapiens

472.22
41.86
20
127


P27348
14-3-3 protein theta
YWHAQ

Homo sapiens

444.22
42.45
9
127


P62260
14-3-3 protein epsilon
YWHAE

Rattus norvegicus

375.64
40.00
8
124


P63104
14-3-3 protein zeta/delta
YWHAZ

Homo sapiens

432.53
41.22
8
120


Q06830
Peroxiredoxin-1
PRDX1

Homo sapiens

480.66
60.30
10
119


P09382
Galectin-1
LGALS1

Homo sapiens

434.09
46.67
5
119


P16152
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
CBR1

Homo sapiens

478.30
52.35
10
118


P67936
Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain
TPM4

Homo sapiens

419.41
48.79
14
118


O00299
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1
CLIC1

Homo sapiens

454.50
60.17
10
116


P62805
Histone H4
HIST1H4A

Homo sapiens

407.94
52.43
7
116


Q14204
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1
DYNC1H1

Homo sapiens

395.38
7.68
26
113


P07195
L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
LDHB

Homo sapiens

366.01
37.72
12
113


P27797
Calreticulin
CALR

Homo sapiens

468.52
37.41
9
111


P13489
Ribonuclease inhibitor
RNH1

Homo sapiens

451.04
40.35
12
111


Q99536
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1
VAT1

Homo sapiens

425.08
32.06
8
106



homolog


P63244
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit
GNB2L1

Homo sapiens

387.23
58.68
12
104



beta-2-like 1


Q01082
Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTBN1

Homo sapiens

384.44
12.10
20
104


P22314
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1
UBA1

Homo sapiens

382.34
23.72
16
104


P10809
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPD1

Homo sapiens

394.59
27.05
12
103


P23264
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B
PPIB

Homo sapiens

334.48
36.57
8
103


Q03135
Caveolin-1
CAV1

Homo sapiens

373.84
63.48
9
102


P09211
Glutathione S-transferase P
GSTP1

Homo sapiens

429.56
53.33
8
101


O60664
Perilipin-3
PLIN3

Homo sapiens

386.15
37.79
10
101


P53396
ATP-citrate synthase
ACLY

Homo sapiens

383.16
17.80
13
101


P08107
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B
HSPA1A

Homo sapiens

357.20
28.71
14
101


P42330
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3
AKR1C3

Homo sapiens

412.36
35.60
9
99


P25705
ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
ATP5A1

Homo sapiens

390.18
22.24
9
98


P23528
Cofilin-1
CFL1

Homo sapiens

402.40
57.23
9
97


Q6NZI2
Polymerase I and transcript release factor
PTRF

Homo sapiens

370.34
25.64
9
96


Q9NZM1
Myoferlin
MYOF

Homo sapiens

359.24
14.65
20
96


P07602
Proactivator polypeptide [Cleaved into:
PSAP

Homo sapiens

229.01
20.23
10
96



Saposin-A]


P40926
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
MDH2

Homo sapiens

368.82
42.31
10
95


P38955
Pigment epithelium-derived factor
SERPINF1

Homo sapiens

342.17
25.84
10
95


P35556
Fibrillin-2
FBN2

Homo sapiens

354.09
7.14
14
92


P38646
Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial
HSPA9

Homo sapiens

350.09
21.06
10
91


P40939
Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha,
HADHA

Homo sapiens

366.81
17.17
8
90



mitochondrial


P51884
Lumican
LUM

Homo sapiens

301.46
29.29
8
90


P21980
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2
TGM2

Homo sapiens

335.23
20.96
10
89


P49368
T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma
CCT3

Homo sapiens

331.43
29.17
11
89


P05388
60S acidic ribosomal protein P0
RPLP0

Homo sapiens

366.21
37.85
8
88


P37802
Transgelin-2
TAGLN2

Homo sapiens

348.12
46.73
8
88


P51149
Ras-related protein Rab-7a
RAB7A

Homo sapiens

315.29
42.51
7
88


Q15019
Septin-2
41884

Homo sapiens

343.22
42.66
9
86


Q96AY3
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP10
FKBP10

Homo sapiens

287.18
20.79
9
85


P26038
Moesin
MSN

Homo sapiens

334.03
23.22
13
84


P27824
Calnexin
CANX

Homo sapiens

327.37
19.26
9
84


P06744
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
GPI

Homo sapiens

340.63
27.78
9
83


P61978
Hetergeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
HNRNPK

Homo sapiens

314.43
29.59
10
83


P11766
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
ADH5

Homo sapiens

385.13
22.99
6
82


P49327
Fatty acid synthase
FASN

Homo sapiens

344.44
10.51
16
82


P21796
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC1

Homo sapiens

326.64
27.21
6
82



protein 1


P30041
Peroxiredoxin-6
PRDX6

Homo sapiens

299.10
44.64
8
82


Q86VP6
Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1
CAND1

Homo sapiens

279.60
11.30
10
82


P60660
Myosin light polypeptide 6
MYL6

Homo sapiens

263.81
48.34
7
82


P09525
Annexin A4
ANXA4

Homo sapiens

276.12
35.11
9
81


P53618
Coatomer subunit beta
COPB1

Homo sapiens

240.03
17.00
11
77


P98095
Fibulin-2
FBLN2

Homo sapiens

297.15
17.15
13
76


P07858
Cathepsin B
CTSB

Homo sapiens

325.77
28.02
7
75


P05387
60S acidic ribosomal protein P2
RPLP2

Homo sapiens

312.25
76.52
5
75


P31946
14-3-3 protein beta/alpha
YWHAB

Homo sapiens

256.23
32.52
6
74


P61981
14-3-3 protein gamma
YWHAG

Homo sapiens

253.62
20.65
4
74


P07686
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
HEXB

Homo sapiens

223.90
11.69
5
74


O75083
WD repeat-containing protein 1
WDR1

Homo sapiens

403.80
26.24
8
73


Q04446
1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme
GBE1

Homo sapiens

322.94
20.66
9
73


P45880
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC2

Homo sapiens

262.24
25.85
5
73



protein 2


P04844
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN2

Homo sapiens

295.08
28.68
11
72



glycosyltransferase subunit 2


P08865
40S ribosomal protein SA
RPSA

Homo sapiens

285.15
36.95
8
72


P00387
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
CYB5R3

Homo sapiens

280.81
31.56
7
71


P78527
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic
PRKDC

Homo sapiens

267.13
5.77
15
71



subunit


P02792
Ferritin light chain
FTL

Homo sapiens

323.33
36.00
5
70


P52209
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,
PGD

Homo sapiens

281.42
18.22
6
70



decarboxylating


P02768
Serum albumin
ALB

Homo sapiens

281.23
3.94
3
70


P09972
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C
ALDOC

Homo sapiens

303.97
22.53
5
69


Q07954
Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related
LRP1

Homo sapiens

255.24
5.02
16
69



protein 1


P07339
Cathepsin D
CTSD

Homo sapiens

246.82
20.63
6
69


Q15582
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced
TGFBI

Homo sapiens

219.77
10.54
6
69



protein ig-h3


P07737
Profilin-1
PFN1

Homo sapiens

216.88
64.29
8
69


Q9Y678
Coatomer subunit gamma-1
COPG1

Homo sapiens

274.16
10.41
6
68


P26641
Elongation factor 1-gamma
EEF1G

Homo sapiens

269.96
24.49
8
68


Q96AG4
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 59
LRRC59

Homo sapiens

259.13
31.60
6
68


P61158
Actin-related protein 3
ACTR3

Homo sapiens

296.73
27.75
8
67


Q15084
Protein disulfide-isomerase A6
PDIA6

Homo sapiens

252.32
32.50
9
67


P50995
Annexin A11
ANXA11

Homo sapiens

233.06
12.87
5
67


P62241
40S ribosomal protein S8
RPS8

Homo sapiens

227.53
31.73
5
67


Q9H299
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like
SH3BGRL3

Homo sapiens

248.90
31.18
3
66



protein 3


P19105
Myosin regulatory light chain 12A
MYL12A

Homo sapiens

243.16
39.18
5
66


O60701
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
UGDH

Homo sapiens

237.32
37.45
14
66


P52907
F-actin-capping-protein subunit alpha-1
CAPZA1

Homo sapiens

256.92
41.26
7
65


Q9NQC3
Reticulon-4
RTN4

Homo sapiens

252.94
9.65
6
65


P40925
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1

Homo sapiens

225.55
24.55
6
65


Q15365
Poly(rC)-binding protein 1
PCBP1

Homo sapiens

225.32
32.02
6
65


P22626
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1
HNRNPA2B1

Homo sapiens

223.70
30.88
9
65


P12236
ADP/ATP translocase 3
SLC25A6

Homo sapiens

178.86
28.52
8
65


Q14697
Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB
GANAB

Homo sapiens

308.38
13.67
9
64


P60842
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I
EIF4A1

Homo sapiens

212.29
21.67
7
63


Q96D15
Reticulocalbin-3
RCN3

Homo sapiens

267.03
27.13
5
62


P30086
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1
PEBP1

Homo sapiens

260.87
56.15
6
62


Q01518
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1
CAP1

Homo sapiens

227.58
23.79
9
62


Q14974
Importin subunit beta-1
KPNB1

Homo sapiens

227.02
17.01
10
62


P55786
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase
NPEPPS

Homo sapiens

202.84
13.93
10
62


P17655
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit
CAPN2

Homo sapiens

230.99
17.43
7
61


P04792
Heat shock protein beta-1
HSPB1

Homo sapiens

221.22
40.00
7
61


Q92928
Putative Ras-related protein Rab-1C
RAB1C

Homo sapiens

189.19
31.34
5
61


P23396
40S ribosomal protein S3
RPS3

Homo sapiens

182.60
52.26
10
61


P04843
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN1

Homo sapiens

231.88
17.96
7
60



glycosyltransferase subunit 1


P15121
Aldose reductase
AKR1B1

Homo sapiens

225.73
33.86
6
60


Q00839
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U
HNRNPU

Homo sapiens

224.96
15.03
7
60


P35237
Serpin B6
SERPINB6

Homo sapiens

208.98
23.67
7
60


Q969G5
Protein kinase C delta-binding protein
PRKCDBP

Homo sapiens

200.31
31.03
7
60


P36578
60S ribosomal protein L4
RPL4

Homo sapiens

196.11
19.20
7
60


P17301
Integrin alpha-2
ITGA2

Homo sapiens

231.23
14.31
11
59


P00367
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
GLUD1

Homo sapiens

221.30
20.43
8
59


O00159
Unconventional myosin-Ic
MYO1C

Homo sapiens

204.23
15.71
12
59


P12956
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6
XRCC6

Homo sapiens

190.12
20.53
10
58


Q16658
Fascin
FSCN1

Homo sapiens

227.09
20.08
8
57


P22392
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B
NME2

Homo sapiens

196.95
40.13
5
57


Q96CX2
BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD12
KCTD12

Homo sapiens

173.33
14.77
4
57


P05141
ADP/ATP translocase 2
SLC25A5

Homo sapiens

157.41
25.17
7
57


P35527
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9
KRT9

Homo sapiens

274.80
30.82
12
56


Q8IUX7
Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1
AEBP1

Homo sapiens

245.03
10.71
8
56


P50990
T-complex protein 1 subunit theta
CCT8

Homo sapiens

199.96
19.15
8
56


P18085
ADP-ribosylation factor 4
ARF4

Homo sapiens

173.35
48.89
8
56


P02794
Ferritin heavy chain
FTH1

Homo sapiens

271.23
46.45
6
55


Q9Y696
Chloride intracellular channel protein 4
CLIC4

Homo sapiens

221.19
54.15
8
55


P49748
Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA
ACADVL

Homo sapiens

219.10
20.00
9
55



dehydrogenase, mitochondrial


P98160
Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate
HSPG2

Homo sapiens

208.59
5.01
14
55



proteoglycan core protein


Q14108
Lysosome membrane protein 2
SCARB2

Homo sapiens

194.36
19.46
6
55


P62424
60S ribosomal protein L7a
RPL7A

Homo sapiens

182.21
29.70
7
55


P63241
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1
EIF5A

Homo sapiens

232.00
30.52
5
54


P07108
Acyl-CoA-binding protein
DBI

Homo sapiens

224.72
50.57
3
54


P30153
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65
PPP2R1A

Homo sapiens

217.26
19.02
7
54



kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform


P30050
60S ribosomal protein L12
RPL12

Homo sapiens

198.47
54.55
6
54


P16278
Beta-galactosidase
GLB1

Homo sapiens

198.03
11.23
6
54


P53621
Coatomer subunit alpha
COPA

Homo sapiens

169.83
10.78
10
54


P60033
CD81 antigen
CD81

Homo sapiens

252.20
25.00
3
53


P21810
Biglycan
BGN

Homo sapiens

223.44
24.73
8
53


P13667
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4
PDIA4

Homo sapiens

220.61
16.90
7
53


Q96KK5
Histone H2A type 1-H
HIST1H2AH

Homo sapiens

188.17
27.34
3
53


P37837
Transaldolase
TALDO1

Homo sapiens

169.53
14.24
4
53


P52565
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1
ARHGDIA

Homo sapiens

191.81
21.08
4
52


Q9P2E9
Ribosome-binding protein 1
RRBP1

Homo sapiens

182.04
11.63
10
52


P61204
ADP-ribosylation factor 3
ARF3

Homo sapiens

175.59
38.67
6
52


P68871
Hemoglobin subunit beta
HBB

Homo sapiens

167.11
53.74
6
52


Q99497
Protein DJ-1
PARK7

Homo sapiens

200.89
29.63
4
51


P21589
5′-nucleotidase
NT5E

Homo sapiens

178.39
26.31
11
51


P46821
Microtubule-associated protein 1B
MAP1B

Homo sapiens

172.54
8.35
13
51


Q15293
Reticulocalbin-1
RCN1

Homo sapiens

204.33
29.91
6
50


P07910
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2
HNRNPC

Homo sapiens

147.42
18.30
5
50


P09651
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
HNRNPA1

Homo sapiens

178.69
22.58
6
49


Q99715
Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain
COL12A1

Homo sapiens

178.41
5.91
12
49


P61247
40S ribosomal protein S3a
RPS3A

Homo sapiens

175.98
18.18
4
49


P10599
Thioredoxin
TXN

Homo sapiens

159.77
42.86
5
49


Q9Y6N5
Sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial
SQRDL

Homo sapiens

168.71
28.00
10
48


P50395
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta
GDI2

Homo sapiens

180.18
27.64
9
47


O43390
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R
HNRNPR

Homo sapiens

178.95
8.53
4
47


Q01813
6-phosphofructokinase type C
PFKP

Homo sapiens

178.62
9.31
5
47


P07384
Calpain-1 catalytic subunit
CAPN1

Homo sapiens

157.93
12.61
6
47


P55209
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1
NAP1L1

Homo sapiens

188.64
17.14
5
46


P47755
F-acting-capping protein subunit alpha-2
CAPZA2

Homo sapiens

173.61
28.67
6
46


P14550
Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
AKR1A1

Homo sapiens

169.26
13.54
4
46


P50609
Fibromodulin
FMOD

Rattus norvegicus

162.36
14.10
4
46


P24534
Elongation factor 1-beta
EEF1B2

Homo sapiens

195.28
20.44
3
45


P04080
Cystatin-B
CSTB

Homo sapiens

183.06
45.92
3
45


P14314
Glucosidase 2 subunit beta
PRKCSH

Homo sapiens

171.16
9.85
4
45


P46782
40S ribosomal protein S5 [Cleaved into: 40S
RPS5

Homo sapiens

157.22
18.14
3
45



ribosomal protein S5, N-terminally processed]


P22105
Tenascin-X
TNXB

Homo sapiens

152.49
5.99
10
45


Q07020
60S ribosomal protein L18
RPL18

Homo sapiens

146.31
30.85
5
45


P50991
T-complex protein 1 subunit delta
CCT4

Homo sapiens

186.69
8.53
3
44


P62158
Calmodulin
CALM1

Homo sapiens

185.02
29.53
3
44


O95782
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1
AP2A1

Homo sapiens

159.92
9.52
7
44


P17980
26S protease regulatory subunit 6A
PSMC3

Homo sapiens

155.58
29.61
8
44


P30044
Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial
PRDX5

Homo sapiens

142.09
34.11
5
44


P48444
Coatomer subunit delta
ARCN1

Homo sapiens

128.85
9.00
4
44


P16403
Histone H1.2
HIST1H1C

Homo sapiens

127.74
15.49
4
44


P23219
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
PTGS1

Homo sapiens

174.36
12.85
5
43


P62826
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran
RAN

Homo sapiens

156.07
39.35
7
43


P34932
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4
HSPA4

Homo sapiens

142.63
12.88
7
43


P13645
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
KRT10

Homo sapiens

134.26
20.03
9
43


P55084
Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta,
HADHB

Homo sapiens

160.26
19.20
7
42



mitochondrial


P04899
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)
GNAI2

Homo sapiens

149.06
17.18
4
42



subunit alpha-2


P11047
Laminin subunit gamma-1
LAMC1

Homo sapiens

141.74
6.53
7
42


P12882
Myosin-1
MYH1

Homo sapiens

159.40
5.98
8
41


P62701
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform
RPS4X

Homo sapiens

146.21
29.66
7
41


P51991
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3
HNRNPA3

Homo sapiens

140.08
17.20
5
41


Q15366
Poly(rC)-binding protein 2
PCBP2

Homo sapiens

126.95
14.79
4
41


P50914
60S ribosomal protein L14
RPL14

Homo sapiens

118.43
20.93
4
41


P05386
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1
RPLP1

Homo sapiens

214.61
51.75
2
40


P62906
60S ribosomal protein L10a
RPL10A

Homo sapiens

160.47
25.81
4
40


P10909
Clusterin
CLU

Homo sapiens

142.36
13.81
4
40


P15531
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A
NME1

Homo sapiens

140.96
39.47
5
40


P27105
Erythrocyte band 7 integral membrane protein
STOM

Homo sapiens

138.94
24.65
5
40


Q12797
Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase
ASPH

Homo sapiens

138.22
10.55
5
40


P32119
Peroxiredoxin-2
PRDX2

Homo sapiens

137.82
19.70
4
40


P39687
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32
ANP32A

Homo sapiens

133.72
12.85
3
40



family member A


P05556
Integrin beta-1
ITGB1

Homo sapiens

128.26
12.28
8
40


P27816
Microtubule-associated protein 4
MAP4

Homo sapiens

122.94
9.90
8
40


Q9Y6C2
EMILIN-1
EMILIN1

Homo sapiens

140.17
9.45
6
39


P08134
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
RHOC

Homo sapiens

138.88
32.64
5
39


P62979
Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a
RPS27A

Homo sapiens

138.38
33.97
4
39


P19338
Nucleolin
NCL

Homo sapiens

136.47
13.66
8
39


P78371
T-complex protein 1 subunit beta
CCT2

Homo sapiens

160.95
27.29
10
38


P69905
Hemoglobin subunit alpha
HBA1;

Homo sapiens

143.65
48.59
4
38


P62277
40S ribosomal protein S13
RPS13

Homo sapiens

139.22
18.54
3
38


P17931
Galectin-3
LGALS3

Homo sapiens

137.26
28.40
6
38


P61586
Transforming protein RhoA
RHOA

Homo sapiens

134.81
38.86
6
38


Q13838
Spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B
DDX39B

Homo sapiens

132.68
22.43
6
38


P41250
Glycine--tRNA ligase
GARS

Homo sapiens

120.83
10.42
5
38


P31949
Protein S100-A11
S100A11

Homo sapiens

110.54
25.71
3
38


Q16851
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
UGP2

Homo sapiens

192.68
10.24
3
37


Q7KZF4
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing
SND1

Homo sapiens

139.09
13.52
8
37



protein 1


P31939
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH
ATIC

Homo sapiens

136.29
9.97
5
37



[Includes:



Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide



formyltransferase]


P48047
ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial
ATP5O

Homo sapiens

127.11
44.60
6
37


P61106
Ras-related protein Rab-14
RAB14

Homo sapiens

127.06
30.70
4
37


O75874
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic
IDH1

Homo sapiens

121.13
21.01
6
37


O43776
Asparagine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
NARS

Homo sapiens

119.15
18.43
8
37


P56134
ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial
ATP5J2

Homo sapiens

117.20
25.53
2
37


P62249
40S ribosomal protein S16
RPS16

Homo sapiens

108.15
22.60
3
37


Q8NBS9
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5
TXNDC5

Homo sapiens

165.47
9.26
3
36


Q12905
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2
ILF2

Homo sapiens

139.27
11.28
3
36


Q9UBG0
C-type mannose receptor 2
MRC2

Homo sapiens

134.77
4.87
5
36


P06753
Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain
TPM3

Homo sapiens

111.21
13.38
5
36


P62942
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A
FKBP1A

Homo sapiens

158.27
29.63
3
35


Q07021
Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-
C1QBP

Homo sapiens

157.66
12.06
3
35



binding protein, mitochondrial


P26599
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1
PTBP1

Homo sapiens

155.40
14.12
5
35


P49411
Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial
TUFM

Homo sapiens

138.71
15.27
4
35


P63010
AP-2 complex subunit beta
AP2B1

Homo sapiens

131.57
10.46
7
35


P08253
72 kDa type IV collagenase
MMP2

Homo sapiens

125.40
13.64
5
35


P13674
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
P4HA1

Homo sapiens

121.33
14.98
6
35


P35908
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal
KRT2

Homo sapiens

110.24
14.71
8
35


Q13162
Peroxiredoxin-4
PRDX4

Homo sapiens

109.40
16.97
4
35


P00441
Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
SOD1

Homo sapiens

201.61
32.47
4
34


P68036
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3
UBE2L3

Homo sapiens

166.53
35.71
3
34


P07099
Epoxide hydrolase 1
EPHX1

Homo sapiens

151.01
21.76
7
34


O43399
Tumor protein D54
TPD52L2

Homo sapiens

134.95
31.07
4
34


P23634
Plasma membrane calcium-transporting
ATP2B4

Homo sapiens

133.50
3.46
3
34



ATPase 4


P15559
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
NQO1

Homo sapiens

125.60
13.50
3
34


P51659
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
HSD17B4

Homo sapiens

122.52
14.67
7
34


P04259
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6B
KRT6B

Homo sapiens

118.21
20.21
10
34


P16615
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium
ATP2A2

Homo sapiens

117.26
9.98
8
34



ATPase 2


Q00325
Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial
SLC25A3

Homo sapiens

115.25
19.06
5
34


P62140
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-
PPP1CB

Homo sapiens

115.19
18.96
5
34



beta catalytic subunit


Q96TA1
Niban-like protein 1
FAM129B

Homo sapiens

113.43
9.65
5
34


P39019
40S ribosomal protein S19
RPS19

Homo sapiens

109.71
30.34
5
34


P62879
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNB2

Homo sapiens

109.17
15.59
5
34



G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2


P29692
Elongation factor 1-delta
EEF1D

Homo sapiens

108.71
13.17
3
34


P46783
40S ribosomal protein S10
RPS10

Homo sapiens

107.63
14.55
2
34


Q6NXT2
Histone H3.3C
H3F3C

Homo sapiens

89.79
11.85
2
34


P20810
Calpastatin
CAST

Homo sapiens

141.21
10.88
4
33


P17858
6-phosphofructokinase, liver type
PFKL

Homo sapiens

136.89
6.28
3
33


P62888
60S ribosomal protein L30
RPL30

Homo sapiens

131.49
51.30
4
33


Q16698
2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial
DECR1

Homo sapiens

121.31
13.73
3
33


P15880
40S ribosomal protein S2
RPS2

Homo sapiens

117.17
16.04
4
33


P18124
60S ribosomal protein L7
RPL7

Homo sapiens

116.55
16.13
3
33


P62269
40S ribosomal protein S18
RPS18

Homo sapiens

88.00
16.45
3
33


P16070
CD44 antigen
CD44

Homo sapiens

131.22
3.77
2
32


P49755
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED10

Homo sapiens

124.36
22.37
5
32



protein 10


Q9Y265
RuvB-like 1
RUVBL1

Homo sapiens

113.28
23.03
7
32


P61224
Ras-related protein Rap-1b
RAP1B

Homo sapiens

104.67
26.09
4
32


Q92688
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32
ANP32B

Homo sapiens

103.10
21.12
4
32



family member B


Q9BSJ8
Extended synaptotagmin-1
ESYT1

Homo sapiens

102.79
7.61
6
32


P78417
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1
GSTO1

Homo sapiens

95.20
19.92
4
32


P00325
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
ADH1B

Homo sapiens

125.69
20.00
7
31


P62244
40S ribosomal protein S15a
RPS15A

Homo sapiens

122.31
24.62
3
31


P47756
F-actin-capping protein subunit beta
CAPZB

Homo sapiens

117.28
20.22
4
31


P42785
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase
PRCP

Homo sapiens

110.84
9.48
3
31


Q14103
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0
HNRNPD

Homo sapiens

94.78
13.52
4
31


Q01129
Decorin
DCN

Rattus norvegicus

90.56
11.86
4
31


P14866
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
HNRNPL

Homo sapiens

162.20
13.07
3
30


P06748
Nucleophosmin
NPM1

Homo sapiens

125.44
21.77
5
30


O60506
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q
SYNCRIP

Homo sapiens

112.80
14.77
6
30


Q96QK1
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35
VPS35

Homo sapiens

100.86
9.55
6
30


O00231
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD11

Homo sapiens

95.64
8.77
3
30



subunit 11


O14979
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-
HNRNPDL

Homo sapiens

94.56
9.76
3
30



like


Q8WUM4
Programmed cell death 6-interacting protein
PDCD6IP

Homo sapiens

92.50
5.88
4
30


P59998
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4
ARPC4

Homo sapiens

84.05
27.98
5
30


Q9H4M9
EH domain-containing protein 1
EHD1

Homo sapiens

129.70
14.42
5
29


P01033
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1
TIMP1

Homo sapiens

127.55
22.22
3
29


P28066
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5
PSMA5

Homo sapiens

117.57
35.27
5
29


Q07960
Rho GTPase-activating protein 1
ARHGAP1

Homo sapiens

111.12
14.35
4
29


P02765
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
AHSG

Homo sapiens

111.09
7.08
4
29


P10155
80 kDa SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein
TROVE2

Homo sapiens

101.48
4.46
2
29


P21399
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase
ACO1

Homo sapiens

92.08
9.67
6
29


P83731
60S ribosomal protein L24
RPL24

Homo sapiens

90.95
20.38
3
29


O00571
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X
DDX3X

Homo sapiens

90.65
10.12
5
29


P35232
Prohibitin
PHB

Homo sapiens

85.95
20.96
5
29


P46781
40S ribosomal protein S9
RPS9

Homo sapiens

79.12
25.77
6
29


P62829
60S ribosomal protein L23
RPL23

Homo sapiens

125.59
25.00
2
28


P25398
40S ribosomal protein S12
RPS12

Homo sapiens

123.76
31.82
3
28


Q08211
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A
DHX9

Homo sapiens

119.13
4.65
4
28


Q16181
Septin-7
41889

Homo sapiens

111.98
18.76
6
28


P62333
26S protease regulatory subunit 10B
PSMC6

Homo sapiens

103.91
14.91
4
28


P13010
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5
XRCC5

Homo sapiens

101.49
10.66
5
28


Q13492
Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly
PICALM

Homo sapiens

100.88
4.91
2
28



protein


P35606
Coatomer subunit beta
COPB2

Homo sapiens

93.08
9.05
6
28


P07996
Thrombospondin-1
THBS1

Homo sapiens

82.64
3.25
3
28


P29373
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2
CRABP2

Homo sapiens

124.05
24.64
3
27


Q00341
Vigilin
HDLBP

Homo sapiens

109.99
4.89
4
27


P54709
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1B3

Homo sapiens

101.67
17.20
3
27



subunit beta-3


P49257
Protein ERGIC-53
LMAN1

Homo sapiens

98.91
14.51
3
27


Q06323
Proteasome activator complex subunit 1
PSME1

Homo sapiens

95.33
30.52
8
27


P61313
60S ribosomal protein L15
RPL15

Homo sapiens

89.98
12.75
2
27


P35268
60S ribosomal protein L22
RPL22

Homo sapiens

82.39
18.75
2
27


Q96HE7
ERO1-like protein alpha
ERO1L

Homo sapiens

113.81
13.25
4
26


P28838
Cytosol aminopeptidase
LAP3

Homo sapiens

110.86
12.33
4
26


Q9NVA2
Septin-11
41893

Homo sapiens

78.83
8.86
3
26


P20700
Lamin-B1
LMNB1

Homo sapiens

74.71
10.24
6
26


P51636
Caveolin-2
CAV2

Homo sapiens

111.42
29.63
3
25


P60866
40S ribosomal protein S20
RPS20

Homo sapiens

101.62
19.33
2
25


O14818
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7
PSMA7

Homo sapiens

98.96
20.56
3
25


Q9UBI6
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNG12

Homo sapiens

97.88
31.94
2
25



G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12


P13647
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5
KRT5

Homo sapiens

86.02
13.90
8
25


O75915
PRA1 family protein 3
ARL6IP5

Homo sapiens

84.77
15.96
2
25


Q9Y2Q3
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1
GSTK1

Homo sapiens

82.98
28.76
5
25


P62750
60S ribosomal protein L23a
RPL23A

Homo sapiens

78.51
15.38
2
25


P46776
60S ribosomal protein L27a
RPL27A

Homo sapiens

74.00
14.19
2
25


Q92743
Serine protease HTRA1
HTRA1

Homo sapiens

73.77
8.75
4
25


P17987
T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha
TCP1

Homo sapiens

73.10
6.29
3
25


P30048
Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase,
PRDX3

Homo sapiens

121.36
23.44
3
24



mitochondrial


P62263
40S ribosomal protein S14
RPS14

Homo sapiens

102.96
27.81
3
24


P07814
Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase
EPRS

Homo sapiens

96.07
4.30
4
24


P60953
Cell division control protein 42 homolog
CDC42

Homo sapiens

91.80
20.42
3
24


P51688
N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase
SGSH

Homo sapiens

90.99
8.37
3
24


Q13765
Nascent polypeptide-associated complex
NACA

Homo sapiens

90.13
12.56
2
24



subunit alpha


P01893
Putative HLA class I histocompatibility
HLA-H

Homo sapiens

89.43
18.23
4
24



antigen, alpha chain H


P52272
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M
HNRNPM

Homo sapiens

83.38
9.73
5
24


P54920
Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
NAPA

Homo sapiens

81.50
22.37
5
24


P26373
60S ribosomal protein L13
RPL13

Homo sapiens

80.65
10.90
2
24


P26447
Protein S100-A4
S100A4

Homo sapiens

72.92
28.71
4
24


P39060
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain [Cleaved into:
COL18A1

Homo sapiens

72.74
3.93
3
24



Endostatin]


P78539
Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX
SRPX

Homo sapiens

72.54
7.76
3
24


Q9UHD8
Septin-9
41891

Homo sapiens

70.31
10.07
4
24


P46926
Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1
GNPDA1

Homo sapiens

70.28
14.19
3
24


P61160
Actin-related protein 2
ACTR2

Homo sapiens

70.14
17.26
5
24


Q15185
Prostaglandin E synthase 3
PTGES3

Homo sapiens

117.88
26.25
3
23


O95373
Importin-7
IPO7

Homo sapiens

104.71
4.53
3
23


Q16881
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
TXNRD1

Homo sapiens

90.34
8.17
3
23


P10620
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1
MGST1

Homo sapiens

87.69
27.10
3
23


Q13200
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD2

Homo sapiens

78.79
10.24
6
23



subunit 2


Q9H8H3
Methyltransferase-like protein 7A
METTL7A

Homo sapiens

77.76
12.30
2
23


P55795
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2
HNRNPH2

Homo sapiens

76.64
10.47
3
23


Q05682
Caldesmon
CALD1

Homo sapiens

76.04
3.66
3
23


P00966
Argininosuccinate synthase
ASS1

Homo sapiens

71.74
10.19
3
23


P51148
Ras-related protein Rab-5C
RAB5C

Homo sapiens

68.22
23.15
4
23


O75390
Citrate synthase, mitochondrial
CS

Homo sapiens

67.17
10.09
4
23


Q99829
Copine-1
CPNE1

Homo sapiens

66.73
4.66
2
23


Q92499
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1
DDX1

Homo sapiens

112.53
7.43
3
22


Q08431
Lactadherin
MFGE8

Homo sapiens

106.96
8.53
2
22


Q15121
Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15
PEA15

Homo sapiens

105.97
36.92
4
22


Q15181
Inorganic pyrophosphatase
PPA1

Homo sapiens

96.51
17.65
4
22


Q99623
Prohibitin-2
PHB2

Homo sapiens

91.02
21.07
5
22


P62280
40S ribosomal protein S11
RPS11

Homo sapiens

89.31
24.68
3
22


P04216
Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein
THY1

Homo sapiens

84.64
15.53
2
22


P06703
Protein S100-A6
S100A6

Homo sapiens

84.38
37.78
3
22


P12955
Xaa-Pro dipeptidase
PEPD

Homo sapiens

80.36
8.32
3
22


Q04760
Lactoylglutathione lyase
GLO1

Homo sapiens

70.31
14.67
2
22


Q8NHP8
Putative phospholipase B-like 2
PLBD2

Homo sapiens

69.68
8.49
4
22


P84103
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3
SRSF3

Homo sapiens

69.34
14.02
2
22


P27635
60S ribosomal protein L10
RPL10

Homo sapiens

69.17
11.21
2
22


Q14152
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3A

Homo sapiens

66.86
5.57
6
22



A


P61088
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N
UBE2N

Homo sapiens

63.81
34.87
4
22


P62318
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D3
SNRPD3

Homo sapiens

62.37
15.08
2
22


Q99460
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD1

Homo sapiens

120.05
6.72
4
21



subunit 1


P23142
Fibulin-1
FBLN1

Homo sapiens

84.86
13.23
4
21


P68402
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB
PAFAH1B2

Homo sapiens

83.14
12.23
2
21



subunit beta


P10619
Lysosomal protective protein
CTSA

Homo sapiens

82.10
5.00
2
21


P31943
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
HNRNPH1

Homo sapiens

80.87
7.57
2
21


P24752
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
ACAT1

Homo sapiens

78.01
9.84
3
21


P51571
Translocon-associated protein subunit delta
SSR4

Homo sapiens

74.54
24.86
3
21


Q15836
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3
VAMP3

Homo sapiens

72.83
33.00
2
21


Q14847
LIM and SH3 domain protein 1
LASP1

Homo sapiens

67.61
17.62
4
21


Q99584
Protein S100-A13
S100A13

Homo sapiens

65.57
23.47
2
21


Q9Y277
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC3

Homo sapiens

62.19
12.01
3
21



protein 3


P13797
Plastin-3
PLS3

Homo sapiens

62.18
14.76
7
21


P02533
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14
KRT14

Homo sapiens

61.78
16.74
7
21


P60981
Destrin
DSTN

Homo sapiens

60.55
20.00
3
21


Q15417
Calponin-3
CNN3

Homo sapiens

55.43
13.98
4
21


Q9BS26
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44
ERP44

Homo sapiens

112.39
11.58
3
20


O94973
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2
AP2A2

Homo sapiens

87.35
7.24
4
20


O14579
Coatomer subunit epsilon
COPE

Homo sapiens

84.58
19.48
5
20


O14773
Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1
TPP1

Homo sapiens

80.43
8.17
3
20


P13987
CD59 glycoprotein
CD59

Homo sapiens

70.28
18.75
2
20


P31937
3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase,
HIBADH

Homo sapiens

69.39
7.14
2
20



mitochondrial


P46778
60S ribosomal protein L21
RPL21

Homo sapiens

68.85
27.50
3
20


Q16363
Laminin subunit alpha-4
LAMA4

Homo sapiens

66.46
2.14
3
20


P15586
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
GNS

Homo sapiens

60.55
6.88
3
20


P11940
Polyadenylate-binding protein 1
PABPC1

Homo sapiens

54.28
7.55
4
20


P30040
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29
ERP29

Homo sapiens

54.08
14.18
3
20


Q9Y3F4
Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated
STRAP

Homo sapiens

86.18
8.86
2
19



protein


Q7L2H7
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3M

Homo sapiens

74.90
15.78
4
19



M


Q9Y3I0
tRNA-splicing ligase RtcB homolog
RTCB

Homo sapiens

73.48
13.47
4
19


Q9NVJ2
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B
ARL8B

Homo sapiens

72.73
19.89
2
19


P04632
Calpain small subunit 1
CAPNS1

Homo sapiens

72.63
16.42
3
19


P00568
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1
AK1

Homo sapiens

68.07
31.96
4
19


P42224
Signal transducer and activator of transcription
STAT1

Homo sapiens

67.24
9.73
5
19



1-alpha/beta


Q02878
60S ribosomal protein L6
RPL6

Homo sapiens

66.73
15.63
3
19


O94979
Protein transport protein Sec31A
SEC31A

Homo sapiens

58.06
3.11
3
19


P45974
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5
USP5

Homo sapiens

56.52
2.68
2
19


P38159
RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome
RBMX

Homo sapiens

54.92
8.70
3
19


Q13557
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
CAMK2D

Homo sapiens

51.92
11.02
4
19



type II subunit delta


P84074
Neuron-specific calcium-binding protein
HPCA

Homo sapiens

48.64
19.69
3
19



hippocalcin


P40227
T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta
CCT6A

Homo sapiens

87.47
9.23
3
18


O43242
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD3

Homo sapiens

79.83
7.68
3
18



subunit 3


P30084
Enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial
ECHS1

Homo sapiens

78.24
13.10
2
18


O00410
Importin-5
IPO5

Homo sapiens

78.12
7.66
5
18


P46777
60S ribosomal protein L5
RPL5

Homo sapiens

71.13
23.91
5
18


Q15008
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD6

Homo sapiens

69.46
7.20
2
18



subunit 6


O15511
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5
ARPC5

Homo sapiens

66.82
29.14
3
18


Q15436
Protein transport protein Sec23A
SEC23A

Homo sapiens

61.38
3.53
2
18


P19623
Spermidine synthase
SRM

Homo sapiens

59.81
21.19
4
18


Q02809
Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-
PLOD1

Homo sapiens

58.99
5.91
3
18



dioxygenase 1


P62081
40S ribosomal protein S7
RPS7

Homo sapiens

58.91
17.53
2
18


P25789
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4
PSMA4

Homo sapiens

47.57
13.03
2
18


Q9UBQ7
Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate
GRHPR

Homo sapiens

84.31
17.38
3
17



reductase


P20618
Proteasome subunit beta type-1
PSMB1

Homo sapiens

77.13
15.35
2
17


P21964
Catechol O-methyltransferase
COMT

Homo sapiens

76.86
8.49
2
17


O15460
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2
P4HA2

Homo sapiens

75.70
11.03
4
17


P62191
26S protease regulatory subunit 4
PSMC1

Homo sapiens

75.48
10.91
3
17


P63167
Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic
DYNLL1

Homo sapiens

72.59
37.08
2
17


P09429
High mobility group protein B1
HMGB1

Homo sapiens

72.42
20.93
3
17


Q13724
Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase
MOGS

Homo sapiens

70.23
7.53
4
17


P19367
Hexokinase-1
HK1

Homo sapiens

64.34
8.62
6
17


P23526
Adenosylhomocysteinase
AHCY

Homo sapiens

62.16
10.65
3
17


P39023
60S ribosomal protein L3
RPL3

Homo sapiens

58.60
17.87
5
17


P10301
Ras-related protein R-Ras
RRAS

Homo sapiens

55.83
12.84
2
17


Q96CW1
AP-2 complex subunit mu
AP2M1

Homo sapiens

55.49
12.87
4
17


P61353
60S ribosomal protein L27
RPL27

Homo sapiens

54.78
27.94
3
17


P11279
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein
LAMP1

Homo sapiens

54.76
8.63
3
17



1


Q14258
E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25
TRIM25

Homo sapiens

53.67
3.81
2
17


P62266
40S ribosomal protein S23
RPS23

Homo sapiens

53.61
13.99
2
17


P22695
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2,
UQCRC2

Homo sapiens

67.34
13.91
4
16



mitochondrial


P36543
V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1
ATP6V1E1

Homo sapiens

65.25
6.19
2
16


P61604
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPE1

Homo sapiens

58.13
33.33
3
16


P40261
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
NNMT

Homo sapiens

57.15
18.18
3
16


Q63ZY3
KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-
KANK2

Homo sapiens

56.52
4.70
3
16



containing protein 2


P21266
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3
GSTM3

Homo sapiens

53.50
20.44
4
16


O15260
Surfeit locus protein 4
SURF4

Homo sapiens

53.47
8.55
2
16


P05455
Lupus La protein
SSB

Homo sapiens

50.85
12.99
4
16


O15144
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2
ARPC2

Homo sapiens

50.68
12.67
4
16


Q6NUM9
All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
RETSAT

Homo sapiens

49.04
4.92
2
16


O43143
Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-
DHX15

Homo sapiens

47.67
2.89
2
16



dependent RNA helicase DHX15


Q9Y3U8
60S ribosomal protein L36
RPL36

Homo sapiens

47.12
30.48
4
16


P42677
40S ribosomal protein S27
RPS27

Homo sapiens

46.35
25.00
2
16


P26640
Valine--tRNA ligase
VARS

Homo sapiens

44.08
3.64
4
16


P20908
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain
COL5A1

Homo sapiens

17.63
3.10
3
16


P35613
Basigin
BSG

Homo sapiens

47.61
8.31
2
15


P07711
Cathepsin L1
CTSL

Homo sapiens

46.98
8.41
2
15


O94905
Erlin-2
ERLIN2

Homo sapiens

45.32
10.91
3
15


P31948
Stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1
STIP1

Homo sapiens

41.60
9.39
4
15


P13473
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2
LAMP2

Homo sapiens

41.41
7.07
3
15


P61970
Nuclear transport factor 2
NUTF2

Homo sapiens

67.00
33.86
2
14


P46439
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5
GSTM5

Homo sapiens

65.44
11.93
2
14


Q8IWE2
Protein NOXP20
FAM114A1

Homo sapiens

63.09
5.68
2
14


Q92597
Protein NDRG1
NDRG1

Homo sapiens

61.64
8.88
2
14


O75533
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1
SF3B1

Homo sapiens

60.00
2.45
2
14


O75368
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like
SH3BGRL

Homo sapiens

53.79
37.72
3
14



protein


P23246
Splicing factor, proline-and glutamine-rich
SFPQ

Homo sapiens

52.82
9.05
5
14


Q08380
Galectin-3-binding protein
LGALS3BP

Homo sapiens

51.25
7.52
3
14


O60763
General vesicular transport factor p115
USO1

Homo sapiens

48.56
3.85
3
14


P46977
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
STT3A

Homo sapiens

47.82
5.25
3
14



glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A


Q15075
Early endosome antigen 1
EEA1

Homo sapiens

47.08
3.97
4
14


O95816
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 2
BAG2

Homo sapiens

47.06
13.27
2
14


Q9NR45
Sialic acid sythase
NANS

Homo sapiens

46.21
15.88
3
14


P51858
Hepatoma-derived growth factor
HDGF

Homo sapiens

45.76
14.17
3
14


P00505
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
GOT2

Homo sapiens

45.71
14.42
5
14


Q01105
Protein SET
SET

Homo sapiens

45.04
12.07
3
14


P61019
Ras-related protein Rab-2A
RAB2A

Homo sapiens

42.23
10.85
2
14


P19404
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]
NDUFV2

Homo sapiens

41.82
9.24
2
14



flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial


P55884
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B
EIF3B

Homo sapiens

40.54
5.90
4
14


Q13425
Beta-2-syntrophin
SNTB2

Homo sapiens

39.75
3.89
2
14


P54136
Arginine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
RARS

Homo sapiens

38.18
6.97
4
14


P49773
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1
HINT1

Homo sapiens

83.21
34.92
2
13


P27695
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase
APEX1

Homo sapiens

63.88
22.96
4
13


Q53GQ0
Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 12
HSD17B12

Homo sapiens

54.92
9.62
2
13


Q5T9L3
Protein wntless homolog
WLS

Homo sapiens

54.68
8.13
3
13


O14880
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3
MGST3

Homo sapiens

54.48
23.03
2
13


P07954
Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial
FH

Homo sapiens

53.05
7.45
2
13


Q8IZP2
Putative protein FAM10A4
ST13P4

Homo sapiens

51.61
17.08
3
13


O75131
Copine-3
CPNE3

Homo sapiens

50.89
10.80
3
13


P14854
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1
COX6B1

Homo sapiens

50.34
33.72
2
13


Q9UIJ7
GTP: AMP phosphotransferase AK3,
AK3

Homo sapiens

50.04
12.78
2
13



mitochondrial


P23381
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
WARS

Homo sapiens

50.02
5.73
2
13


Q12906
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3
ILF3

Homo sapiens

49.53
12.53
7
13


P27487
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
DPP4

Homo sapiens

48.49
6.66
4
13


Q9BWD1
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic
ACAT2

Homo sapiens

47.57
14.61
3
13


P43243
Matrin-3
MATR3

Homo sapiens

46.57
6.02
3
13


P55010
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5
EIF5

Homo sapiens

45.49
9.98
3
13


P04179
Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial
SOD2

Homo sapiens

43.52
22.97
4
13


P62330
ADP-ribosylation factor 6
ARF6

Homo sapiens

40.96
24.57
3
13


P41252
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
IARS

Homo sapiens

38.88
4.75
5
13


P04062
Glucosylceramidase
GBA

Homo sapiens

36.15
7.09
3
13


P60900
Proteasome subunit alpha type-6
PSMA6

Homo sapiens

36.13
10.16
2
13


O43491
Band 4.1-like protein 2
EPB41L2

Homo sapiens

51.57
6.57
4
12


P10768
S-formylglutathione hydrolase
ESD

Homo sapiens

48.41
10.64
2
12


P36957
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue
DLST

Homo sapiens

46.29
7.73
2
12



succinyltransferase component of 2-



oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex,



mitochondrial


P61254
60S ribosomal protein L26
RPL26

Homo sapiens

39.66
12.41
2
12


O15145
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3
ARPC3

Homo sapiens

39.11
13.48
2
12


P08195
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain
SLC3A2

Homo sapiens

38.01
4.13
2
12


Q9UKK3
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4
PARP4

Homo sapiens

37.80
1.68
2
12


Q03252
Lamin-B2
LMNB2

Homo sapiens

35.36
7.83
5
12


O95747
Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1
OXSR1

Homo sapiens

35.02
4.93
2
12


P39656
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
DDOST

Homo sapiens

33.93
12.28
5
12



glycosyltransferase 48 kDa subunit


P78344
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4
EIF4G2

Homo sapiens

31.94
2.32
2
12



gamma 2


Q6IBS0
Twinfilin-2
TWF2

Homo sapiens

46.21
15.19
3
11


P22087
rRNA 2′-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin
FBL

Homo sapiens

45.97
9.35
2
11


Q96KP4
Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase
CNDP2

Homo sapiens

44.17
6.74
2
11


P09622
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
DLD

Homo sapiens

42.94
6.48
2
11


Q99798
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial
ACO2

Homo sapiens

42.91
7.18
3
11


P04040
Catalase
CAT

Homo sapiens

42.83
11.20
4
11


Q07666
KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal
KHDRBS1

Homo sapiens

42.69
7.67
2
11



transduction-associated protein 1


P07942
Laminin subunit beta-1
LAMB1

Homo sapiens

41.56
2.07
2
11


P00390
Glutathione reductase mitochondrial
GSR

Homo sapiens

39.02
6.32
2
11


Q9Y371
Endophilin-B1
SH3GLB1

Homo sapiens

38.47
6.85
2
11


P62195
26S protease regulatory subunit 8
PSMC5

Homo sapiens

37.79
12.07
3
11


Q9BWM7
Sideroflexin-3
SFXN3

Homo sapiens

35.68
11.69
3
11


P00403
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
MT-CO2

Homo sapiens

35.42
11.45
2
11


O43615
Mitochondrial import inner membrane
C3

Homo sapiens

33.97
5.09
2
11



translocase subunit TIM44


P30046
D-dopachrome decarboxylase
TIMM44

Homo sapiens

33.74
19.49
2
11


Q32P28
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
DDT

Homo sapiens

32.20
3.40
2
11


P30740
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor
LEPRE1

Homo sapiens

31.82
6.60
2
11


Q9ULV4
Coronin-1C
SERPINB1

Homo sapiens

30.15
4.85
2
11


O60488
Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4
CORO1C

Homo sapiens

29.03
4.36
2
11


P01026
Complement C3 [Cleaved into: Complement
ACSL4

Rattus norvegicus

34.28
1.74
2
11



C3 beta chain; Complement C3 alpha chain]


Q16643
Drebrin
DBN1

Homo sapiens

48.88
8.63
3
10


Q02952
A-kinase anchor protein 12
AKAP12

Homo sapiens

48.74
6.51
5
10


P28161
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2
GSTM2

Homo sapiens

47.15
33.03
5
10


O75367
Core histone macro-H2A.1
H2AFY

Homo sapiens

42.46
15.59
3
10


O14980
Exportin-1
XPO1

Homo sapiens

42.26
6.35
4
10


P38606
V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A
ATP6V1A

Homo sapiens

40.66
8.91
3
10


O00151
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1
PDLIM1

Homo sapiens

39.15
15.20
3
10


P14868
Aspartate--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
DARS

Homo sapiens

37.60
7.98
3
10


Q13418
Integrin-linked protein kinase
ILK

Homo sapiens

37.04
9.73
3
10


Q14195
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3
DPYSL3

Homo sapiens

36.24
19.12
6
10


P49589
Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
CARS

Homo sapiens

34.54
4.68
2
10


P18621
60S ribosomal protein L17
RPL17

Homo sapiens

34.48
13.59
3
10


P06756
Integrin alpha-V
ITGAV

Homo sapiens

34.31
7.35
4
10


O75351
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B
VPS4B

Homo sapiens

32.55
6.98
2
10


P02786
Transferrin receptor protein 1
TFRC

Homo sapiens

31.04
2.89
2
10


Q9NQW7
Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1
XPNPEP1

Homo sapiens

30.08
4.82
2
10


Q99961
Endophilin-A2
SH3GL1

Homo sapiens

30.00
12.23
3
10


P34897
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase,
SHMT2

Homo sapiens

29.51
7.54
3
10



mitochondrial


P06865
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha
HEXA

Homo sapiens

29.46
6.24
3
10


Q13263
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta
TRIM28

Homo sapiens

26.56
5.87
3
10


Q02543
60S ribosomal protein L18a
RPL18A

Homo sapiens

25.80
9.66
2
10


P16401
Histone H1.5
HIST1H1B

Homo sapiens

25.79
10.18
2
10


P48643
T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon
CCT5

Homo sapiens

40.56
15.71
5
9


P48147
Prolyl endopeptidase
PREP

Homo sapiens

36.97
5.49
2
9


P61769
Beta-2-microglobulin [Cleaved into: Beta-2-
B2M

Homo sapiens

35.59
35.29
3
9



microglobulin form pl 5.3]


Q13228
Selenium-binding protein I
SELENBP1

Homo sapiens

34.80
11.65
4
9


P09960
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase
LTA4H

Homo sapiens

34.51
6.71
3
9


Q92882
Osteoclast-stimulating factor 1
OSTF1

Homo sapiens

33.24
17.29
2
9


P43490
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
NAMPT

Homo sapiens

32.14
8.35
2
9


P12268
Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2
IMPDH2

Homo sapiens

31.91
5.84
2
9


P22102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein
GART

Homo sapiens

31.74
2.67
2
9



adenosine-3 [Includes: Phosphoribosylamine--



glycine ligase]


P13804
Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha,
ETFA

Homo sapiens

29.91
13.81
3
9



mitochondrial


P62714
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A
PPP2CB

Homo sapiens

29.25
16.50
3
9



catalytic subunit beta isoform


P13798
Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme
APEH

Homo sapiens

29.20
4.78
2
9


O95336
6-phosphogluconolactonase
PGLS

Homo sapiens

29.02
17.05
3
9


Q14112
Nidogen-2
NID2

Homo sapiens

28.75
2.76
3
9


P20073
Annexin A7
ANXA7

Homo sapiens

28.58
8.40
3
9


Q9NZ08
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1
ERAP1

Homo sapiens

27.64
4.36
3
9


Q13561
Dynactin subunit 2
DCTN2

Homo sapiens

27.33
8.23
2
9


Q9UEY8
Gamma-adducin
ADD3

Homo sapiens

26.05
7.51
4
9


Q9UHL4
Dipeptidyl peptidase 2
DPP7

Homo sapiens

25.73
4.47
2
9


Q92841
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase
DDX17

Homo sapiens

25.28
6.17
4
9



DDX17


P62910
60S ribosomal protein L32
RPL32

Homo sapiens

24.56
27.41
3
9


Q16401
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD5

Homo sapiens

30.76
9.33
3
8



subunit 5


Q02818
Nucleobindin-1
NUCB1

Homo sapiens

30.34
6.29
2
8


Q9NTK5
Obg-like ATPase 1
OLA1

Homo sapiens

30.03
8.33
2
8


Q9UHG3
Prenylcysteine oxidase 1
PCYOX1

Homo sapiens

29.06
7.33
2
8


P08473
Neprilysin
MME

Homo sapiens

26.86
10.40
5
8


P84098
60S ribosomal protein L19
RPL19

Homo sapiens

26.10
13.27
2
8


P19823
Inter-apha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2
ITIH2

Homo sapiens

25.74
2.75
2
8


P30626
Sorcin
SRI

Homo sapiens

24.78
11.11
2
8


Q9NYL9
Tropomodulin-3
TMOD3

Homo sapiens

24.64
7.10
2
8


P53999
Activated RNA polymerase II transcriptional
SUB1

Homo sapiens

23.69
18.90
2
8



coactivator p15


Q9UJ70
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase
NAGK

Homo sapiens

23.68
11.92
3
8


P62851
40S ribosomal protein S25
RPS25

Homo sapiens

23.28
16.00
2
8


P0CW22
40S ribosomal protein S17-like
RPS17L

Homo sapiens

23.16
15.56
2
8


P80303
Nucleobindin-2
NUCB2

Homo sapiens

22.85
5.95
2
8


P28845
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase
HSD11B1

Homo sapiens

22.66
10.96
2
8



isozyme 1


O43237
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain
DYNC1LI2

Homo sapiens

22.33
5.08
2
8



2


Q9NYU2
UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1
UGGT1

Homo sapiens

22.30
3.79
4
8


Q9Y4L1
Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1
HYOU1

Homo sapiens

20.71
2.80
2
8


P05023
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1A1

Homo sapiens

20.70
3.52
3
8



subunit alpha-1


F54727
UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog B
RAD23B

Homo sapiens

30.83
7.09
2
7


O75955
Flotillin-1
FLOT1

Homo sapiens

29.59
6.79
2
7


P49591
Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
SARS

Homo sapiens

29.21
11.67
3
7


P46063
ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1
RECQL

Homo sapiens

28.61
5.08
2
7


P53007
Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial
SLC25A1

Homo sapiens

25.56
11.25
3
7


Q9UQ80
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4
PA2G4

Homo sapiens

25.34
8.38
2
7


O94855
Protein transport protein Sec24D
SEC24D

Homo sapiens

23.19
2.71
2
7


P05091
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
ALDH2

Homo sapiens

23.16
13.73
4
7


Q15847
Adipogenesis regulatory factor
ADIRF

Homo sapiens

22.08
59.21
2
7


Q9UM54
Unconventional myosin-VI
MYO6

Homo sapiens

21.91
2.16
2
7


P42765
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial
ACAA2

Homo sapiens

21.44
7.81
2
7


Q9NR31
GTF-binding protein SAR1a
SAR1A

Homo sapiens

21.19
21.72
3
7


P99999
Cytochrome c
CYCS

Homo sapiens

20.83
24.76
2
7


Q9HC38
Glyoxelase domain-containing protein 4
GLOD4

Homo sapiens

20.63
7.35
2
7


Q99832
T-complex protein 1 subunit eta
CCT7

Homo sapiens

20.23
4.79
2
7


Q5SSJ5
Heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3
HP1BP3

Homo sapiens

19.85
4.70
2
7


P36405
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3
ARL3

Homo sapiens

19.10
12.64
2
7


P50281
Matrix metalloproteinase-14
MMP14

Homo sapiens

19.03
4.12
2
7


P40429
60S ribosomal protein L13a
RPL13A

Homo sapiens

18.87
8.87
2
7


Q13510
Acid ceramidase
ASAH1

Homo sapiens

30.44
10.13
2
6


Q99714
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
HSD17B10

Homo sapiens

25.28
16.48
2
6


Q13423
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
NNT

Homo sapiens

24.97
4.51
3
6


P29966
Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate
MARCKS

Homo sapiens

24.68
25.00
3
6


O43681
ATPase ASNA1
ASNA1

Homo sapiens

22.72
8.91
2
6


P05198
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit
EIF2S1

Homo sapiens

21.96
14.92
3
6



1


P55036
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD4

Homo sapiens

21.86
11.94
3
6



subunit 4


P26368
Splicing factor U2AF 65 kDa subunit
U2AF2

Homo sapiens

21.60
6.11
2
6


P49189
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde
ALDH9A1

Homo sapiens

20.13
5.26
2
6



dehydrogenase


P09936
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme
UCHL1

Homo sapiens

19.71
14.35
2
6



L1


Q02218
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
OGDH

Homo sapiens

19.31
5.38
4
6


Q9UNM6
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD13

Homo sapiens

18.66
9.57
3
6



subunit 13


P09110
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal
ACAA1

Homo sapiens

18.52
7.78
2
6


Q9P2J5
Leucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
LARS

Homo sapiens

17.83
1.79
2
6


P10515
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase
DLAT

Homo sapiens

17.46
4.48
2
6



component of pyruvate dehydrogenase



complex, mitochondrial


Q9Y262
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3L

Homo sapiens

17.30
3.55
2
6



L


P55735
Protein SEC13 homolog
SEC13

Homo sapiens

17.22
13.35
3
6


P25788
Proteasome subunit alpha type-3
PSMA3

Homo sapiens

17.13
14.12
3
6


P32969
60S ribosomal protein L9
RPL9

Homo sapiens

16.93
11.46
3
6


Q16891
Mitochondrial inner membrane protein
IMMT

Homo sapiens

16.26
4.35
2
6


Q16531
DNA damage-binding protein 1
DDB1

Homo sapiens

24.08
3.07
2
5


P49419
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde
ALDH7A1

Homo sapiens

19.67
5.94
2
5



dehydrogenase


P05413
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart
FABP3

Homo sapiens

19.47
31.58
3
5


P80723
Brain acid soluble protein 1
BASP1

Homo sapiens

19.41
18.50
2
5


Q92905
COP9 signalsome complex subunit 5
COPS5

Homo sapiens

17.81
6.89
2
5


P54578
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14
USP14

Homo sapiens

16.08
5.87
2
5


Q12884
Seprase
FAP

Homo sapiens

15.64
2.76
2
5


O9P0L0
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-
VAPA

Homo sapiens

15.58
11.24
2
5



associated protein A


P10253
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase
GAA

Homo sapiens

15.19
3.05
2
5


Q99439
Calponin-2
CNN2

Homo sapiens

15.15
12.30
3
5


Q969H8
UPF0556 protein C19orf10
C19ORF10

Homo sapiens

14.99
15.03
2
5


P00491
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
PNP

Homo sapiens

14.91
9.69
2
5


Q9NSE4
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
IARS2

Homo sapiens

14.69
3.16
3
5


Q09028
Histone-binding protein RBBP4
RBBP4

Homo sapiens

14.18
4.94
2
5


P52630
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2
STAT2

Homo sapiens

13.75
2.82
2
5


P08648
Integrin alpha-5
ITGA5

Homo sapiens

12.87
2.00
2
5


P06454
Prothymosin alpha [Cleaved into: Prothymosin
PTMA

Homo sapiens

12.15
20.72
2
5



alpha, N-terminally processed; Thymosin



alpha-1]


P43304
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
GPD2

Homo sapiens

18.91
4.81
2
4



mitochondrial


Q9ULZ3
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein
PYCARD

Homo sapiens

17.85
12.82
2
4



containing a CARD


O00154
Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
ACOT7

Homo sapiens

17.76
9.47
2
4


P21291
Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1
CSRP1

Homo sapiens

16.70
20.21
2
4


P27701
CD82 antigen
CDB2

Homo sapiens

15.88
10.49
2
4


P11586
C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic
MTHFD1

Homo sapiens

15.19
5.24
3
4


Q6IAAB
Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1
LAMTOR1

Homo sapiens

15.17
15.53
2
4


O15230
Laminin subunit alpha-5
LAMA5

Homo sapiens

14.56
0.97
2
4


Q6P2Q9
Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8
PRPF8

Homo sapiens

14.44
1.24
2
4


O60437
Periplakin
PPL

Homo sapiens

14.03
3.13
3
4


Q96FQ6
Protein S100-A16
S100A16

Homo sapiens

13.82
22.33
2
4


O00303
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit
EIF3F

Homo sapiens

13.71
7.28
2
4



F


P43487
Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein
RANBP1

Homo sapiens

13.26
16.92
2
4


O00425
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding
IGF2BP3

Homo sapiens

12.21
5.18
2
4



protein 3


Q9Y230
RuvB-like 2
RUVBL2

Homo sapiens

12.00
9.50
3
4


P55060
Exportin 2
CSE1L

Homo sapiens

11.83
3.40
2
4


P20674
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A,
COX5A

Homo sapiens

11.58
16.00
2
4



mitochondrial


P35611
Alpha-adducin
ADD1

Homo sapiens

11.18
4.21
2
4


P10644
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha
PRKAR1A

Homo sapiens

11.12
9.19
2
4



regulatory subunit


Q9NUQ9
Protein FAM49B
FAM49B

Homo sapiens

10.88
8.64
2
4


O95302
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP9
FKBP9

Homo sapiens

10.34
4.56
2
4


P63220
40S ribosomal protein S21
RPS21

Homo sapiens

10.11
22.89
2
4


P49720
Proteasome subunit beta type-3
PSMB3

Homo sapiens

12.83
15.12
2
3


P62491
Ras-related protein Rab-11A
RAB11A

Homo sapiens

12.02
11.11
2
3


Q2TAA2
Isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase 1
IAH1

Homo sapiens

12.02
10.89
2
3



homolog


Q08257
Quinone oxidoreductase
CRYZ

Homo sapiens

11.77
10.64
2
3


O75694
Nuclear pore complex protein Nup155
NUP155

Homo sapiens

11.59
2.23
2
3


Q14247
Src substrate cortactin
CTTN

Homo sapiens

10.48
4.73
2
3


Q8IVL6
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3
LEPREL2

Homo sapiens

10.19
4.21
2
3


P00492
Hypoxanthine-guanine
HPRT1

Homo sapiens

9.71
10.55
2
3



phosphoribosyltransferase


Q9P0J0
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
NDUFA13

Homo sapiens

9.66
9.72
2
3



subcomplex subunit 13


Q86UP2
Kinectin
KTN1

Homo sapiens

9.51
2.21
2
3


O75489
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur
NDUFS3

Homo sapiens

9.34
15.53
3
3



protein 3, mitochondrial


Q9UL46
Proteasome activator complex subunit 2
PSME2

Homo sapiens

8.76
12.13
2
3


Q13057
Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase
COASY

Homo sapiens

8.68
4.96
2
3


P48163
NADP-dependent malic enzyme
ME1

Homo sapiens

8.67
5.24
2
3


Q13488
V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a
TCIRG1

Homo sapiens

8.61
2.65
2
3



isoform 3


Q9H845
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9,
ACAD9

Homo sapiens

8.54
4.35
2
3



mitochondrial


P60228
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E
EIF3E

Homo sapiens

8.48
4.94
2
3


Q15758
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)
SLC1A5

Homo sapiens

7.94
4.44
2
3


Q96AC1
Ferritin family homolog 2
FERMT2

Homo sapiens

7.61
3.82
2
3


P22234
Multifuntional protein ADE2 [Includes:
PAICS

Homo sapiens

7.51
6.59
2
3



Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-



succinocarboxamide synthase]


P14923
Junction plakoglobin
JUP

Homo sapiens

9.12
3.76
2
2


Q687X5
Metalloreductase STEAP4
STEAP4

Homo sapiens

8.11
7.19
2
2


P18859
ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial
ATP5J

Homo sapiens

7.62
26.85
2
2


Q14766
Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding
LTBP1

Homo sapiens

7.23
1.69
2
2



protein 1


Q6YHK3
CD109 antigen
CD109

Homo sapiens

7.08
1.87
2
2


O14737
Programmed cell death protein 5
PDCD5

Homo sapiens

6.87
19.20
2
2


Q9Y3B3
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED7

Homo sapiens

6.13
11.16
2
2



protein 7


Q9Y240
C-type lectin domain family 11 member A
CLEC11A

Homo sapiens

6.11
8.98
2
2


P48735
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP],
IDH2

Homo sapiens

6.06
5.97
2
2



mitochondrial


P42704
Leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein,
LRPPRC

Homo sapiens

5.73
2.22
2
2



mitochondrial


Q15819
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2
UBE2V2

Homo sapiens

5.19
13.79
2
2


Q9C0C2
182 kDa tankyrase-1-binding protein
TNKS1BP1

Homo sapiens

4.83
1.56
2
2







Native VF mucosa














P02768
Serum albumin
ALB

Homo sapiens

9377.55
78.49
52
2323


P02452
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
COL1A1

Homo sapiens

1727.69
43.65
37
2130


P12109
Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain
COL6A1

Homo sapiens

3245.57
49.22
34
1464


P12111
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
COL6A3

Homo sapiens

5535.48
37.46
92
1447


P08123
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
COL1A2

Homo sapiens

1753.82
37.70
31
1416


P02461
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1

Homo sapiens

1145.04
33.77
30
1365


P13647
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5
KRT5

Homo sapiens

4377.87
61.36
49
1272


Q9UKX2
Myosin-2
MYH2

Homo sapiens

5300.08
60.79
135
1228


P35555
Fibrillin-1
FBN1

Homo sapiens

4497.74
38.56
75
1166


P02675
Fibrinogen beta chain
FGB

Homo sapiens

3486.23
70.67
30
1070


P12882
Myosin-1
MYH1

Homo sapiens

4537.67
58.17
125
1060


P13646
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13
KRT13

Homo sapiens

3623.18
63.97
34
1001


P02538
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A
KRT6A

Homo sapiens

3925.12
63.48
46
999


Q09666
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein
AHNAK

Homo sapiens

3348.49
37.64
95
933



AHNAK


P35579
Myosin-9
MYH9

Homo sapiens

3935.56
49.29
81
909


P22105
Tenascin-X
TNXB

Homo sapiens

3631.59
35.42
90
902


P04259
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6B
KRT6B

Homo sapiens

3609.25
56.91
42
900


P01024
Complement C3
C3

Homo sapiens

3126.18
51.11
63
763


P02533
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14
KRT14

Homo sapiens

2848.68
71.19
35
756


P08727
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19
KRT19

Homo sapiens

2653.17
84.50
36
731


P15924
Desmoplakin
DSP

Homo sapiens

2903.43
39.36
84
725


P60709
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
ACTB

Homo sapiens

2698.92
64.00
18
696


Q15149
Plectin
PLEC

Homo sapiens

2779.52
29.76
97
696


P19013
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 4
KRT4

Homo sapiens

2651.92
62.73
35
685


P02679
Fibrinogen gamma chain
FGG

Homo sapiens

2758.21
77.04
29
677


P68133
Actin, alpha skeletal muscle
ACTA1

Homo sapiens

2630.03
66.84
20
663


P01023
Alpha-2-macroglobulin
A2M

Homo sapiens

2609.50
51.76
51
660


P12110
Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain
COL6A2

Homo sapiens

1699.58
37.49
33
649


P68032
Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1
ACTC1

Homo sapiens

2619.50
66.84
20
645


P12883
Myosin-7
MYH7

Homo sapiens

2691.89
52.20
97
637


P02671
Fibrinogen alpha chain
FGA

Homo sapiens

1988.48
41.22
32
621


P08670
Vimentin
VIM

Homo sapiens

2279.55
71.46
37
596


Q8WZ42
Titin
TTN

Homo sapiens

2540.73
10.62
200
584


P02787
Serotransferrin
TF

Homo sapiens

2398.90
63.04
39
574


P01009
Alpha-1-antitrypsin
SERPINA1

Homo sapiens

2181.30
58.61
27
539


Q00610
Clathrin heavy chain 1
CLTC

Homo sapiens

2208.17
47.34
53
495


O43707
Alpha-actinin-4
ACTN4

Homo sapiens

2157.22
64.54
43
494


Q01546
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 oral
KRT76

Homo sapiens

1104.99
14.73
12
492


P02545
Prelamin-A/C
LMNA

Homo sapiens

1738.37
54.07
37
473


P19012
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15
KRT15

Homo sapiens

1698.59
67.32
28
464


P07355
Annexin A2
ANXA2

Homo sapiens

1886.30
67.55
24
462


P68371
Tubulin beta-4B chain
TUBB4B

Homo sapiens

2035.19
72.58
23
462


P02751
Fibronectin
FN1

Homo sapiens

2046.04
41.74
58
458


P07437
Tubulin beta chain
TUBB

Homo sapiens

2039.92
72.75
23
455


P00738
Haptoglobin
HP

Homo sapiens

1785.78
61.58
24
453


P01011
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
SERPINA3

Homo sapiens

1446.96
50.35
18
425


P06576
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
ATP5B

Homo sapiens

1859.52
66.16
23
410


P01857
Ig gamma-1 chain C region
IGHG1

Homo sapiens

1887.72
50.61
12
406


P00450
Ceruloplasmin
CP

Homo sapiens

1918.16
46.29
29
398


P01859
Ig gamma-2 chain C region
IGHG2

Homo sapiens

1801.70
51.53
11
392


P51888
Prolargin
PRELP

Homo sapiens

1226.46
47.12
15
387


P04083
Annexin A1
ANXA1

Homo sapiens

1651.02
64.45
21
382


P04406
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GAPDH

Homo sapiens

1670.21
73.73
17
376


P68363
Tubulin alpha-1B chain
TUBA1B

Homo sapiens

1568.91
68.96
18
350


Q71U36
Tubulin alpha-1A chain
TUBA1A

Homo sapiens

1565.01
68.96
18
349


P08779
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16
KRT16

Homo sapiens

1255.62
52.64
25
346


Q04695
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17
KRT17

Homo sapiens

1278.10
79.63
32
345


P05787
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8
KRT8

Homo sapiens

1167.17
48.03
24
342


P21333
Filamin-A
FLNA

Homo sapiens

1423.87
35.17
54
341


Q13885
Tubulin beta-2A chain
TUBB2A

Homo sapiens

1387.87
56.40
18
341


Q9BQE3
Tubulin alpha-1C chain
TUBA1C

Homo sapiens

1498.39
69.27
18
332


P14618
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2
PKM

Homo sapiens

1344.45
68.17
28
328


Q15063
Periostin
POSTN

Homo sapiens

1387.00
43.54
25
327


P58107
Epiplakin
EPPK1

Homo sapiens

1409.85
46.90
45
321


P07585
Decorin
DCN

Homo sapiens

1226.95
49.30
15
317


P14923
Junction plakoglobin
JUP

Homo sapiens

1478.56
55.17
28
314


P35609
Alpha-actinin-2
ACTN2

Homo sapiens

1213.25
55.48
38
305


P20774
Mimecan
OGN

Homo sapiens

1230.96
44.30
13
301


P21810
Biglycan
BGN

Homo sapiens

1169.94
51.09
14
293


P12814
Alpha-actinin-1
ACTN1

Homo sapiens

1088.32
34.87
27
291


P00488
Coagulation factor XIII A chain
F13A1

Homo sapiens

1224.31
40.57
21
291


P08107
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B
HSPA1A

Homo sapiens

1201.31
55.38
25
291


P01876
Ig alpha-1 chain C region
IGHA1

Homo sapiens

1328.87
50.42
11
291


P02788
Lactotransferrin
LTF

Homo sapiens

1000.06
67.61
39
283


P13639
Elongation factor 2
EEF2

Homo sapiens

998.65
37.18
24
279


Q13813
Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTAN1

Homo sapiens

1389.63
27.71
42
276


P02647
Apolipoprotein A-I
APOA1

Homo sapiens

1111.22
70.79
22
274


P01860
Ig gamma-3 chain C region
IGHG3

Homo sapiens

1182.07
45.09
11
273


P11142
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
HSPA8

Homo sapiens

1142.75
39.16
21
272


P06899
Histone H2B type 1-J
HIST1H2BJ

Homo sapiens

740.33
40.48
5
271


P68871
Hemoglobin subunit beta
HBB

Homo sapiens

1083.28
88.44
12
271


P08758
Annexin A5
ANXA5

Homo sapiens

1003.25
56.56
17
268


P11021
78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
HSPA5

Homo sapiens

958.13
39.60
22
265


Q15582
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced
TGFBI

Homo sapiens

996.01
49.19
24
264



protein Ig-h3


P69905
Hemoglobin subunit alpha
HBA1;

Homo sapiens

1419.48
83.80
8
262


P08603
Complement factor H
CFH

Homo sapiens

966.16
38.67
32
257


P46940
Ras GTPase-activating-like IQGAP1
IQGAP1

Homo sapiens

1173.73
26.55
28
253


P06732
Creatine kinase M-type
CKM

Homo sapiens

997.59
63.78
17
252


P02790
Hemopexin
HPX

Homo sapiens

1318.29
50.65
14
251


P20908
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain
COL5A1

Homo sapiens

159.61
3.97
4
248


P01834
Ig kappa chain C region
IGKC

Homo sapiens

998.31
80.19
6
243


P06396
Gelsolin
GSN

Homo sapiens

1156.49
32.99
15
241


P06733
Alpha-enolase
ENO1

Homo sapiens

813.18
60.37
18
239


Q02388
Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain
COL7A1

Homo sapiens

896.99
17.87
33
238


P55083
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4
MFAP4

Homo sapiens

1345.67
44.71
5
236


P51884
Lumican
LUM

Homo sapiens

756.06
37.87
11
235


P02763
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1
ORM1

Homo sapiens

917.03
44.78
9
233


P01861
Ig gamma-4 chain C region
IGHG4

Homo sapiens

988.15
50.76
9
231


P10909
Clusterin
CLU

Homo sapiens

867.40
29.18
12
226


P04075
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
ALDOA

Homo sapiens

1022.74
75.55
18
225


P00558
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
PGK1

Homo sapiens

1016.26
58.03
18
222


P55072
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
VCP

Homo sapiens

935.67
46.77
24
221


Q9BXN1
Asporin
ASPN

Homo sapiens

876.49
46.05
13
220


P25705
ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
ATP5A1

Homo sapiens

825.16
46.84
19
219


P04004
Vitronectin
VTN

Homo sapiens

976.05
37.24
11
219


Q01062
Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1
SPTBN1

Homo sapiens

1081.58
25.34
36
213


P09493
Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain
TPM1

Homo sapiens

776.98
55.99
23
211


P14625
Endoplasmin
HSP90B1

Homo sapiens

887.48
33.00
21
209


P13929
Beta-enolase
ENO3

Homo sapiens

760.72
55.99
16
206


P98160
Basement membrane-specific heparan
HSPG2

Homo sapiens

872.27
17.29
41
202



sulfate proteoglycan core protein


P60174
Triosephosphate isomerase
TPI1

Homo sapiens

777.86
65.73
13
197


P01877
Ig alpha-2 chain C region
IGHA2

Homo sapiens

1024.76
48.24
9
195


P04792
Heat shock protein beta-1
HSPB1

Homo sapiens

872.68
76.59
12
194


P02144
Myoglobin
MB

Homo sapiens

881.11
65.58
11
192


P16615
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium
ATP2A2

Homo sapiens

728.60
32.63
23
190



ATPase 2


P07900
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
HSP90AA1

Homo sapiens

744.33
30.05
18
190


P40939
Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha,
HADHA

Homo sapiens

857.52
40.10
17
187



mitochondrial


P68104
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1
EEF1A1

Homo sapiens

851.60
40.04
13
186


P07951
Tropomyosin beta chain
TPM2

Homo sapiens

648.46
59.86
22
186


P12035
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 3
KRT3

Homo sapiens

641.16
16.40
14
184


P30101
Protein disulfide-isomerase A3
PDIA3

Homo sapiens

913.05
47.92
19
183


P10809
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPD1

Homo sapiens

881.81
51.66
21
179


Q9BUF5
Tubulin beta-6 chain
TUBB6

Homo sapiens

642.15
48.21
15
178


P23142
Fibulin-1
FBLN1

Homo sapiens

891.96
34.85
17
174


P00338
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain
LDHA

Homo sapiens

670.19
57.23
17
171


P04264
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
KRT1

Homo sapiens

591.46
24.38
16
171


Q86VB7
Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1
CD163

Homo sapiens

870.30
29.84
20
168



protein M130


P06753
Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain
TPM3

Homo sapiens

616.79
60.56
25
165


P35749
Myosin-11
MYH11

Homo sapiens

691.99
12.12
16
162


P07237
Protein disulfide-isomerase
P4HB

Homo sapiens

666.06
47.24
19
162


Q99798
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial
ACO2

Homo sapiens

794.47
48.97
22
161


P08238
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta
HSP90AB1

Homo sapiens

587.99
28.31
18
161


P00387
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3
CYB5R3

Homo sapiens

1074.76
57.14
9
161


P40926
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
MDH2

Homo sapiens

588.03
53.55
14
161


P05976
Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle
MYL1

Homo sapiens

690.54
79.90
15
157



isoform


P08133
Annexin A6
ANXA6

Homo sapiens

603.14
36.40
18
156


P62805
Histone H4
HIST1H4A

Homo sapiens

530.41
53.40
8
155


Q06830
Peroxiredoxin-1
PRDX1

Homo sapiens

888.30
60.80
10
155


P19652
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2
ORM2

Homo sapiens

616.30
39.30
6
154


P67936
Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain
TPM4

Homo sapiens

549.57
54.44
17
151


O60437
Periplakin
PPL

Homo sapiens

650.26
22.38
24
151


Q9NZN4
EH domain-containing protein 2
EHD2

Homo sapiens

772.61
40.15
12
150


Q14764
Major vault protein
MVP

Homo sapiens

671.11
36.17
20
150


Q92954
Proteoglycan 4
PRG4

Homo sapiens

569.98
7.91
9
150


P04003
C4b-binding protein alpha chain
C4BPA

Homo sapiens

657.08
43.55
16
149


P00747
Plasminogen
PLG

Homo sapiens

713.50
41.11
18
149


P04220
Ig mu heavy chain disease protein
MUCB

Homo sapiens

773.97
38.11
9
148


O14983
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium
ATP2A1

Homo sapiens

617.91
34.07
25
145



ATPase 1


P38646
Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial
HSPA9

Homo sapiens

602.67
31.81
15
145


P01871
Ig mu chain C region
IGHM

Homo sapiens

537.31
39.60
13
142


P00352
Retinal dehydrogenase 1
ALDH1A1

Homo sapiens

638.57
46.91
14
141


P27824
Calnexin
CANX

Homo sapiens

653.49
29.73
11
141


P00739
Haptoglobin-related protein
HPR

Homo sapiens

534.40
30.17
13
137


Q16555
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2
DPYSL2

Homo sapiens

566.07
42.48
15
133


P08865
40S ribosomal protein SA
RPSA

Homo sapiens

700.13
45.42
7
133


Q7Z7G0
Target of Nesh-SH3
ABI3BP

Homo sapiens

519.78
22.33
15
132


P32926
Desmoglein-3
DSG3

Homo sapiens

524.96
22.72
15
131


P54652
Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2
HSPA2

Homo sapiens

483.73
15.34
9
130


P09525
Annexin A4
ANXA4

Homo sapiens

478.40
40.13
11
128


P02749
Beta-2-glycoprotein 1
APOH

Homo sapiens

514.23
47.25
10
128


P11217
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
PYGM

Homo sapiens

524.04
36.94
22
125


P19823
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2
ITIH2

Homo sapiens

624.95
22.09
13
125


P13645
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
KRT10

Homo sapiens

411.32
38.36
17
124


P68431
Histone H3.1
HIST1H3A

Homo sapiens

549.86
35.29
3
123


P62937
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A
PPIA

Homo sapiens

496.09
54.55
7
123


P12236
ADP/ATP translocase 3
SLC25A6

Homo sapiens

396.51
36.58
8
121


P27797
Calreticulin
CALR

Homo sapiens

526.24
53.96
12
121


Q13642
Four and a half LIM domains protein 1
FHL1

Homo sapiens

453.77
36.22
9
121


P12235
ADP/ATP translocase 1
SLC25A4

Homo sapiens

404.10
43.62
11
120


P19105
Myosin regulatory light chain 12A
MYL12A

Homo sapiens

444.26
50.88
7
120


P04114
Apolipoprotein B-100
APOB

Homo sapiens

581.35
8.81
25
120


P0C0L4
Complement C4-A
C4A

Homo sapiens

525.25
21.04
20
119


P13611
Versican core protein
VCAN

Homo sapiens

621.17
6.63
14
119


P07339
Cathepsin D
CTSD

Homo sapiens

425.52
30.83
10
117


P09211
Glutathione S-transferase P
GSTP1

Homo sapiens

559.18
60.48
9
116


Q08043
Alpha-actinin-3
ACTN3

Homo sapiens

412.61
16.98
13
116


Q14624
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4
ITIH4

Homo sapiens

432.28
26.45
15
116


P08729
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7
KRT7

Homo sapiens

350.55
36.46
17
116


P63104
14-3-3 protein zeta/delta
YWHAZ

Homo sapiens

363.16
43.27
8
115


P06744
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
GPI

Homo sapiens

514.97
39.61
13
115


P02042
Hemoglobin subunit delta
HBD

Homo sapiens

504.88
57.82
9
114


P07195
L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain
LDHB

Homo sapiens

397.81
30.54
11
113


P37802
Transgelin-2
TAGLN2

Homo sapiens

412.88
44.22
7
112


P0CG05
Ig lambda-2 chain C regions
IGLC2

Homo sapiens

306.17
74.53
5
112


Q07507
Dermatopontin
DPT

Homo sapiens

516.65
60.70
7
111


Q14195
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3
DPYSL3

Homo sapiens

510.80
42.63
14
110


P04844
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN2

Homo sapiens

515.84
35.18
12
108



glycosyltransferase subunit 2


Q13835
Plakophilin-1
PKP1

Homo sapiens

419.65
26.64
14
107


P04843
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
RPN1

Homo sapiens

511.79
35.26
14
107



glycosyltransferase subunit 1


P06702
Protein S100-A9
S100A9

Homo sapiens

462.23
74.56
7
107


P08572
Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain
COL4A2

Homo sapiens

148.22
7.48
7
105


P61978
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
HNRNPK

Homo sapiens

395.65
25.27
8
101


P05091
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
ALDH2

Homo sapiens

303.86
31.14
12
100


P00367
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
GLUD1

Homo sapiens

394.06
35.48
14
100


P30086
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1
PEBP1

Homo sapiens

565.01
70.59
8
100


P01008
Antithrombin-III
SERPINC1

Homo sapiens

418.47
32.54
12
99


P36578
60S ribosomal protein L4
RPL4

Homo sapiens

379.47
32.55
11
99


P24844
Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9
MYL9

Homo sapiens

404.88
56.40
7
98


P02774
Vitamin D-binding protein
GC

Homo sapiens

425.10
29.32
10
98


P17661
Desmin
DES

Homo sapiens

352.16
41.91
19
97


P30048
Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase,
PRDX3

Homo sapiens

533.07
48.05
7
97



mitochondrial


P31949
Protein S100-A11
S100A11

Homo sapiens

439.33
71.43
6
97


P23528
Cofilin-1
CFL1

Homo sapiens

418.44
63.25
9
96


P04217
Alpha-1B-glycoprotein
A1BG

Homo sapiens

398.41
38.79
11
96


P35221
Catenin alpha-1
CTNNA1

Homo sapiens

449.17
42.49
20
95


Q12805
EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular
EFEMP1

Homo sapiens

462.35
39.35
12
95



matrix protein 1


P05141
ADP/ATP translocase 2
SLC25A5

Homo sapiens

308.16
27.52
7
95


P17174
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic
GOT1

Homo sapiens

386.92
52.78
16
94


P63244
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit
GNB2L1

Homo sapiens

428.30
52.37
10
94



beta-2-like 1


P05783
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18
KRT18

Homo sapiens

313.43
44.42
13
92


P17540
Creatine kinase S-type, mitochondrial
CKMT2

Homo sapiens

380.25
49.16
14
92


P60660
Myosin light polypeptide 6
MYL6

Homo sapiens

335.10
52.98
8
92


P22352
Glutathione peroxidase 3
GPX3

Homo sapiens

296.23
29.20
5
92


P62258
14-3-3 protein epsilon
YWHAE

Homo sapiens

273.86
33.33
8
90


P00751
Complement factor B
CFB

Homo sapiens

335.25
28.01
14
90


P12532
Creatine kinase U-type, mitochondrial
CKMT1A

Homo sapiens

451.15
37.17
9
90


Q14315
Filamin-C
FLNC

Homo sapiens

343.94
13.72
23
90


P39656
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
DDOST

Homo sapiens

642.76
25.22
6
90



glycosyltransferase 48 kDa subunit


P40925
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
MDH1

Homo sapiens

339.35
36.23
9
89


Q00872
Myosin-binding protein C, slow-type
MYBPC1

Homo sapiens

320.23
26.29
22
89


P22695
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2,
UQCRC2

Homo sapiens

372.95
36.20
12
89



mitochondrial


Q7Z406
Myosin-14
MYH14

Homo sapiens

346.95
5.26
7
89


Q96A32
Myosin regulatory light chain 2, skeletal
MYLPF

Homo sapiens

301.63
69.82
11
88



muscle isoform


P05388
60S acidic ribosomal protein P0
RPLP0

Homo sapiens

281.69
39.43
8
88


Q05639
Elongation factor 1-alpha 2
EEF1A2

Homo sapiens

402.16
30.67
9
87


P98095
Fibulin-2
FBLN2

Homo sapiens

355.37
22.97
16
87


P00568
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1
AK1

Homo sapiens

457.63
46.91
7
86


P61626
Lysozyme C
LYZ

Homo sapiens

396.57
46.62
5
86


P18669
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
PGAM1

Homo sapiens

367.15
59.84
11
86


P62917
60S ribosomal protein L8
RPL8

Homo sapiens

397.44
36.96
6
86


Q14204
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1
DYNC1H1

Homo sapiens

405.37
7.25
19
85


P29401
Transketolase
TKT

Homo sapiens

482.56
31.94
9
85


P02750
Leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein
LRG1

Homo sapiens

377.99
41.50
9
84


P21980
Protein-glutamine gamma-
TGM2

Homo sapiens

357.31
30.57
13
84



glutamyltransferase 2


P18206
Vinculin
VCL

Homo sapiens

289.28
23.46
17
84


P61981
14-3-3 protein gamma
YWHAG

Homo sapiens

329.88
42.51
7
83


P21964
Catechol O-methyltransferase
COMT

Homo sapiens

392.61
52.40
9
83


P62424
60S ribosomal protein L7a
RPL7A

Homo sapiens

299.36
35.34
10
83


P0DJI8
Serum amyloid A-1 protein
SAA1

Homo sapiens

370.93
66.39
7
83


P05023
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1A1

Homo sapiens

290.15
17.69
13
81



subunit alpha-1


P62158
Calmodulin
CALM1

Homo sapiens

307.86
46.98
7
81


P55084
Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta,
HADHB

Homo sapiens

360.39
39.03
11
81



mitochondrial


Q14697
Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB
GANAB

Homo sapiens

415.60
25.00
12
81


P62879
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNB2

Homo sapiens

308.38
52.35
11
81



G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2


P07858
Cathepsin B
CTSB

Homo sapiens

379.84
27.73
7
80


P06748
Nucleophosmin
NPM1

Homo sapiens

408.27
24.15
5
80


P05155
Plasma protease C1 inhibitor
SERPING1

Homo sapiens

295.14
22.40
10
79


Q15084
Protein disulfide-isomerase A6
PDIA6

Homo sapiens

302.05
33.41
9
79


P24821
Tenascin
TNC

Homo sapiens

328.11
16.13
19
79


P31947
14-3-3 protein sigma
SFN

Homo sapiens

358.29
55.65
10
78


Q03135
Caveolin-1
CAV1

Homo sapiens

368.92
46.63
6
78


P35222
Catenin beta-1
CTNNB1

Homo sapiens

428.51
16.77
8
78


P26038
Moesin
MSN

Homo sapiens

287.39
24.09
11
78


P22897
Macrophage mannose receptor 1
MRC1

Homo sapiens

357.42
15.87
14
78


Q15365
Poly(rC)-binding protein 1
PCBP1

Homo sapiens

349.30
32.02
7
78


P11216
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
PYGB

Homo sapiens

311.63
22.18
13
78


P21796
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC1

Homo sapiens

295.47
51.24
9
77



protein 1


P27348
14-3-3 protein theta
YWHAQ

Homo sapiens

238.77
38.78
8
76


P45378
Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle
TNNT3

Homo sapiens

371.79
36.80
11
76


Q92928
Putative Ras-related protein Rab-1C
RAB1C

Homo sapiens

204.29
31.34
5
76


P52895
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2
AKR1C2

Homo sapiens

370.32
36.53
7
75


P02792
Ferritin light chain
FTL

Homo sapiens

374.53
44.57
6
74


P27105
Erythrocyte band 7 integral membrane
STOM

Homo sapiens

355.48
39.24
6
74



protein


P61204
ADP-ribosylation factor 3
ARF3

Homo sapiens

264.46
54.70
8
73


P63241
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1
EIF5A

Homo sapiens

402.91
61.69
7
73


Q8TDL5
BPI fold-containing family B member 1
BPIFB1

Homo sapiens

280.43
39.88
13
73


P35232
Prohibitin
PHB

Homo sapiens

392.68
47.06
7
73


P00505
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial
GOT2

Homo sapiens

322.70
40.00
11
73


P17931
Galectin-3
LGALS3

Homo sapiens

276.89
28.40
6
73


O95994
Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog
AGR2

Homo sapiens

266.91
54.86
6
72


P26641
Elongation factor 1-gamma
EEF1G

Homo sapiens

241.88
26.32
8
71


P23396
40S ribosomal protein S3
RPS3

Homo sapiens

262.77
50.62
10
71


P45880
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC2

Homo sapiens

309.07
38.78
8
71



protein 2


Q08211
ATP-dependent RNA helicase A
DHX9

Homo sapiens

350.79
11.97
9
70


P05387
60S acidic ribosomal protein P2
RPLP2

Homo sapiens

308.01
85.22
6
70


P31946
14-3-3 protein beta/alpha
YWHAB

Homo sapiens

223.98
34.55
7
69


P09972
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C
ALDOC

Homo sapiens

307.69
20.33
5
69


P30740
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor
SERPINB1

Homo sapiens

297.65
34.83
8
69


P39023
60S ribosomal protein L3
RPL3

Homo sapiens

308.88
26.30
8
69


P62081
40S ribosomal protein S7
RPS7

Homo sapiens

329.43
37.11
4
69


Q01469
Fatty acid-binding protein, epidermal
FABP5

Homo sapiens

304.75
41.48
5
68


P15259
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2
PGAM2

Homo sapiens

295.35
56.92
12
68


P30041
Peroxiredoxin-6
PRDX6

Homo sapiens

299.12
37.05
6
68


P52209
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating
PGD

Homo sapiens

348.83
19.25
6
67


P31040
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]
SDHA

Homo sapiens

321.54
20.93
9
67



flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial


P07099
Epoxide hydrolase 1
EPHX1

Homo sapiens

330.10
32.75
7
67


P22626
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
HNRNPA2B1

Homo sapiens

239.94
25.78
9
67



A2/B1


P62701
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform
RPS4X

Homo sapiens

227.75
41.44
10
67


P07384
Calipain-1 catalytic subunit
CAPN1

Homo sapiens

258.35
26.47
11
66


P99999
Cytochrome c
CYCS

Homo sapiens

241.24
48.57
5
66


Q16777
Histone H2A type 2-C
HIST2H2AC

Homo sapiens

184.31
63.57
6
66


P52272
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M
HNRNPM

Homo sapiens

236.69
21.51
12
66


P60842
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I
EIF4A1

Homo sapiens

210.21
41.38
12
66


P10916
Myosin regulatory light chain 2,
MYL2

Homo sapiens

242.44
77.71
10
66



ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform


Q6NZI2
Polymerase I and transcript release factor
PTRF

Homo sapiens

253.00
22.56
7
66


P29508
Serpin B3
SERPINB3

Homo sapiens

230.90
37.44
11
66


Q9Y490
Talin-1
TLN1

Homo sapiens

245.23
11.26
15
66


P39060
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain
COL18A1

Homo sapiens

311.69
7.58
6
66


Q13361
Microfibrillar-associated protein 5
MFAP5

Homo sapiens

229.94
18.50
3
65


P32119
Peroxiredoxin-2
PRDX2

Homo sapiens

302.38
32.32
6
65


P01042
Kininogen-1
KNG1

Homo sapiens

254.20
21.89
9
64


P13489
Ribonuclease inhibitor
RNH1

Homo sapiens

294.50
31.67
8
64


Q9HCY8
Protein S100-A14
S100A14

Homo sapiens

240.31
65.38
5
64


P04179
Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial
SOD2

Homo sapiens

285.33
61.71
7
64


O75390
Citrate synthase, mitochondrial
CS

Homo sapiens

348.67
30.26
8
63


P08294
Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
SOD3

Homo sapiens

255.58
26.67
5
63


Q15661
Tryptase alpha/beta-1
TPSAB1

Homo sapiens

232.08
22.18
6
63


Q9Y277
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
VDAC3

Homo sapiens

225.78
27.21
5
63



protein 3


P00403
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
MT-CO2

Homo sapiens

210.74
20.26
3
62


P49411
Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial
TUFM

Homo sapiens

266.69
25.00
8
62


P26599
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1
PTBP1

Homo sapiens

332.59
32.20
9
62


P09382
Galectin-1
LGALS1

Homo sapiens

210.45
65.93
6
61


P00734
Prothrombin
F2

Homo sapiens

251.04
30.23
12
61


P31415
Calsequestrin-1
CASQ1

Homo sapiens

318.32
29.29
7
61


P25311
Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein
AZGP1

Homo sapiens

254.10
29.53
6
61


P48735
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP],
IDH2

Homo sapiens

207.55
27.65
11
60



mitochondrial


P09622
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
DLD

Homo sapiens

333.83
20.24
6
60


Q6DD88
Atlastin-3
ATL3

Homo sapiens

348.75
32.72
8
59


P13010
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5
XRCC5

Homo sapiens

310.59
25.55
10
59


P22392
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B
NME2

Homo sapiens

226.78
35.53
4
59


P27635
60S ribosomal protein L10
RPL10

Homo sapiens

253.21
36.92
8
59


P30153
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65
PPP2R1A

Homo sapiens

245.66
14.09
5
58



kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform


P18085
ADP-ribosylation factor 4
ARF4

Homo sapiens

200.39
48.33
7
58


O43852
Calumenin
CALU

Homo sapiens

344.28
36.19
6
58


Q99714
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
HSD17B10

Homo sapiens

256.09
44.83
7
58


P47929
Galectin-7
LGALS7

Homo sapiens

267.04
55.15
5
58


P50914
60S ribosomal protein L14
RPL14

Homo sapiens

164.83
24.19
5
58


P04080
Cystatin-B
CSTB

Homo sapiens

255.39
45.92
3
57


P12277
Creatine kinase B-type
CKB

Homo sapiens

243.55
38.85
9
57


P08590
Myosin light chain 3
MYL3

Homo sapiens

180.14
47.69
8
57


P15880
40S ribosomal protein S2
RPS2

Homo sapiens

247.88
25.94
5
57


P50454
Serpin H1
SERPINH1

Homo sapiens

255.28
42.11
12
57


Q96TA1
Niban-like protein 1
FAM129B

Homo sapiens

273.85
13.40
6
57


P48047
ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial
ATP5O

Homo sapiens

198.34
44.60
6
56


P07954
Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial
FH

Homo sapiens

315.14
24.12
5
56


Q99623
Prohibitin-2
PHB2

Homo sapiens

201.31
37.12
8
56


P02743
Serum amyloid P-component
APCS

Homo sapiens

175.11
25.11
6
56


P20929
Nebulin
NEB

Homo sapiens

181.95
5.88
21
56


P62979
Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a
RPS27A

Homo sapiens

194.01
28.21
3
56


P07910
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins
HNRNPC

Homo sapiens

178.69
20.92
7
55



C1/C2


P50995
Annexin A11
ANXA11

Homo sapiens

193.16
21.98
9
54


P02649
Apolipoprotein E
APOE

Homo sapiens

205.73
31.55
7
54


P04632
Calpain small subunit 1
CAPNS1

Homo sapiens

267.00
30.97
4
54


O75367
Core histone macro-H2A.1
H2AFY

Homo sapiens

224.12
29.03
7
54


Q32P51
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
HNRNPA1L2

Homo sapiens

198.73
23.13
7
54



A1-like 2


P16403
Histone H1.2
HIST1H1C

Homo sapiens

158.83
20.19
7
53


Q9NZM1
Myoferlin
MYOF

Homo sapiens

225.43
8.98
11
53


P05109
Protein S100-A8
S100A8

Homo sapiens

162.26
40.86
4
53


Q14134
Tripartite motif-containing protein 29
TRIM29

Homo sapiens

210.80
21.43
9
53


P35443
Thrombospondin-4
THBS4

Homo sapiens

243.36
25.39
13
53


Q05707
Collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain
COL14A1

Homo sapiens

231.55
8.35
11
52


Q99497
Protein DJ-1
PARK7

Homo sapiens

236.62
56.61
6
52


Q13838
Spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B
DDX39B

Homo sapiens

210.91
18.93
5
52


P35527
Keratin type I cytoskeletal 9
KRT9

Homo sapiens

258.81
18.94
7
51


O94973
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2
AP2A2

Homo sapiens

229.57
14.91
7
51


Q14574
Desmocollin-3
DSC3

Homo sapiens

284.04
16.52
8
51


P04889
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i)
GNAI2

Homo sapiens

181.43
32.39
8
51



subunit alpha-2


P0C0S5
Histone H2A.Z
H2AFZ

Homo sapiens

157.41
42.97
4
51


P46777
60S ribosomal protein L5
RPL5

Homo sapiens

211.39
23.57
5
51


P05386
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1
RPLP1

Homo sapiens

201.61
66.67
3
51


O75083
WD repeat-containing protein 1
WDR1

Homo sapiens

312.47
33.00
9
51


Q02218
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
OGDH

Homo sapiens

284.56
18.18
9
51


P60033
CD81 antigen
CD81

Homo sapiens

232.36
25.00
3
50


P09429
High mobility group protein B1
HMGB1

Homo sapiens

221.28
27.91
5
50


P30838
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-
ALDH3A1

Homo sapiens

188.52
29.36
7
50



preferring


P16152
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
CBR1

Homo sapiens

205.13
53.07
11
49


P46782
40S ribosomal protein S5
RPS5

Homo sapiens

160.59
33.33
6
49


P01880
Ig delta chain C region
IGHD

Homo sapiens

265.21
32.29
7
49


P23284
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B
PPIB

Homo sapiens

154.36
43.52
9
49


P61158
Actin-related protein 3
ACTR3

Homo sapiens

229.45
20.10
4
48


P01620
Ig kappa chain V-III region SIE
KV302

Homo sapiens

210.50
39.45
3
48


Q9H8H3
Methyltransferase-like protein 7A
METTL7A

Homo sapiens

172.04
31.56
5
48


Q9NQC3
Reticulon-4
RTN4

Homo sapiens

230.34
7.30
5
48


Q9Y3Z3
SAM domain and HD domain-containing
SAMHD1

Homo sapiens

215.44
23.32
9
48



protein 1


P54296
Myomesin-2
MYOM2

Homo sapiens

209.59
18.09
13
48


P21926
CD9 antigen
CD9

Homo sapiens

267.46
15.35
2
47


P43490
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
NAMPT

Homo sapiens

265.35
33.20
9
47


P48788
Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle
TNNI2

Homo sapiens

247.76
42.86
8
47


P17655
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit
CAPN2

Homo sapiens

228.83
20.57
7
47


Q00839
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U
HNRNPU

Homo sapiens

201.33
12.36
5
47


Q02878
60S ribosomal protein L6
RPL6

Homo sapiens

164.14
26.39
7
46


P25398
40S ribosomal protein S12
RPS12

Homo sapiens

204.42
47.73
5
46


A6NMZ7
Collagen alpha-6(VI) chain
COL6A6

Homo sapiens

223.43
9.72
13
46


Q92817
Envoplakin
EVPL

Homo sapiens

238.79
11.95
13
46


P62263
40S ribosomal protein S14
RPS14

Homo sapiens

191.81
63.58
5
45


P62241
40S ribosomal protein S8
RPS8

Homo sapiens

158.52
34.62
6
45


P43304
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
GPD2

Homo sapiens

237.37
13.76
5
45



mitochondrial


P15121
Aldose reductase
AKR1B1

Homo sapiens

205.46
27.22
5
44


P02747
Complement C1q subcomponent subunit C
C1QC

Homo sapiens

149.99
25.31
5
44


P02748
Complement component C9
C9

Homo sapiens

175.08
13.60
6
44


P24534
Elongation factor 1-beta
EEF1B2

Homo sapiens

185.03
34.67
4
44


Q07020
60S ribosomal protein L18
RPL18

Homo sapiens

144.36
25.00
4
44


P61247
40S ribosomal protein S3a
RPS3A

Homo sapiens

176.21
21.59
4
44


P00441
Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
SOD1

Homo sapiens

360.54
53.90
3
44


Q01995
Transgelin
TAGLN

Homo sapiens

133.46
31.34
5
44


O75369
Filamin-B
FLNB

Homo sapiens

153.21
4.96
8
44


P26022
Pentraxin-related protein PTX3
PTX3

Homo sapiens

169.22
22.57
7
44


P09758
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2
TACSTD2

Homo sapiens

189.68
32.82
7
44


Q9Y2Q3
Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1
GSTK1

Homo sapiens

190.62
32.74
5
43


Q00325
Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial
SLC25A3

Homo sapiens

152.13
19.06
5
43


Q06323
Proteasome activator complex subunit 1
PSME1

Homo sapiens

162.04
23.29
5
43


Q16647
Prostacyclin synthase
PTGIS

Homo sapiens

161.75
33.60
11
43


P29034
Protein S100-A2
S100A2

Homo sapiens

137.60
27.55
4
43


Q9Y6N5
Sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase,
SQRDL

Homo sapiens

157.67
23.78
8
43



mitochondrial


P78371
T-complex protein 1 subunit beta
CCT2

Homo sapiens

204.85
25.05
8
43


P22314
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1
UBA1

Homo sapiens

159.50
12.00
8
43


Q04917
14-3-3 protein eta
YWHAH

Homo sapiens

123.80
18.29
4
42


P05997
Collagen alpha-2(V) chain
COL5A2

Homo sapiens

51.56
4.47
4
42


P00390
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial
GSR

Homo sapiens

187.41
23.18
6
42


P52597
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F
HNRNPF

Homo sapiens

194.08
21.69
5
42


P18428
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
LBP

Homo sapiens

191.95
14.76
5
42


P12273
Prolactin-inducible protein
PIP

Homo sapiens

165.44
39.04
4
42


P07737
Profilin-1
PFN1

Homo sapiens

121.34
53.57
6
42


Q15286
Ras-related protein Rab-35
RAB35

Homo sapiens

116.52
19.90
3
42


Q07960
Rho GTPase-activating protein 1
ARHGAP1

Homo sapiens

185.83
24.60
5
42


P62888
60S ribosomal protein L30
RPL30

Homo sapiens

156.93
51.30
4
42


P31930
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1,
UQCRC1

Homo sapiens

194.33
30.00
8
42



mitochondrial


P02746
Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B
C1QB

Homo sapiens

151.74
20.55
4
42


P49748
Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA
ACADVL

Homo sapiens

188.16
17.10
7
41



dehydrogenase, mitochondrial


P56134
ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial
ATP5J2

Homo sapiens

128.69
25.53
2
41


O14880
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3
MGST3

Homo sapiens

209.57
33.55
3
41


P61106
Ras-related protein Rab-14
RAB14

Homo sapiens

139.72
33.02
4
41


P32969
60S ribosomal protein L9
RPL9

Homo sapiens

206.78
50.52
7
41


Q01518
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1
CAP1

Homo sapiens

116.36
18.11
6
41


P0DJI9
Serum amyloid A-2 protein
SAA2

Homo sapiens

152.96
47.54
5
41


P02760
Protein AMBP
AMBP

Homo sapiens

130.27
20.17
5
40


O00571
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X
DDX3X

Homo sapiens

136.76
14.80
7
40


P04196
Histidine-rich glycoprotein
HRG

Homo sapiens

146.71
23.24
8
40


P19338
Nucleolin
NCL

Homo sapiens

118.67
17.89
8
40


P62826
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran
RAN

Homo sapiens

140.17
29.63
5
40


P30050
60S ribosomal protein L12
RPL12

Homo sapiens

142.78
54.55
6
40


Q16851
UTP--glucose-1-phosphate
UGP2

Homo sapiens

180.79
24.02
8
40



uridylyltransferase


P30044
Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial
PRDX5

Homo sapiens

134.47
39.25
6
40


P15144
Aminopeptidase N
ANPEP

Homo sapiens

199.99
10.44
5
39


Q9Y281
Cofilin-2
CFL2

Homo sapiens

145.82
43.98
5
39


P14854
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1
COX6B1

Homo sapiens

138.41
56.98
4
39


Q14974
Importin subunit beta-1
KPNB1

Homo sapiens

167.13
10.96
6
39


P18621
60S ribosomal protein L17
RPL17

Homo sapiens

170.36
37.50
6
39


P62829
60S ribosomal protein L23
RPL23

Homo sapiens

159.78
25.00
2
39


P46783
40S ribosomal protein S10
RPS10

Homo sapiens

125.03
23.64
3
39


Q15019
Septin 2
41884

Homo sapiens

201.93
22.44
5
39


Q9BTV4
Transmembrane protein 43
TMEM43

Homo sapiens

256.33
26.25
5
39


P02585
Troponin C, skeletal muscle
TNNC2

Homo sapiens

160.86
56.25
6
39


P08574
Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial
CYC1

Homo sapiens

176.16
20.00
4
39


P36957
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue
DLST

Homo sapiens

118.88
16.56
6
39



succinyltransferase component of 2-



oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial


P08697
Alpha-2-antiplasmin
SERPINF2

Homo sapiens

212.46
16.50
4
38


P31943
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H
HNRNPH1

Homo sapiens

143.80
16.26
5
38


P19827
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1
ITIH1

Homo sapiens

172.16
9.22
5
38


P12956
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6
XRCC6

Homo sapiens

128.28
18.06
8
38


P01617
Ig kappa chain V-II region TEW
KV204

Homo sapiens

147.26
32.74
2
38


P20700
Lamin-B1
LMNB1

Homo sapiens

115.63
22.01
10
38


P53621
Coatomer subunit alpha
COPA

Homo sapiens

177.86
10.05
6
38


P20674
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial
COX5A

Homo sapiens

152.37
48.00
6
38


Q16891
Mitochondrial inner membrane protein
IMMT

Homo sapiens

196.93
13.98
6
37


P62906
60S ribosomal protein L10a
RPL10A

Homo sapiens

151.26
31.80
6
37


P35268
60S ribosomal protein L22
RPL22

Homo sapiens

208.22
39.06
3
37


P46781
40S ribosomal protein S9
RPS9

Homo sapiens

93.51
29.38
6
37


P49368
T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma
CCT3

Homo sapiens

139.77
24.95
9
37


P13805
Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle
TNNT1

Homo sapiens

178.15
26.62
6
37


O14773
Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1
TPP1

Homo sapiens

175.66
19.72
5
37


P15088
Mast cell carboxypeptidase A
CPA3

Homo sapiens

100.59
16.31
6
37


P21397
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
MAOA

Homo sapiens

210.61
23.34
7
36


O00264
Membrane-associated progesterone receptor
PGRMC1

Homo sapiens

230.02
26.15
2
36



component 1


P62841
40S ribosomal protein S15
RPS15

Homo sapiens

217.34
60.69
5
36


P62847
40S ribosomal protein S24
RPS24

Homo sapiens

114.91
28.57
3
36


Q99832
T-complex protein 1 subunit eta
CCT7

Homo sapiens

174.83
16.21
5
36


P02766
Transthyretin
TTR

Homo sapiens

198.08
58.50
5
36


P50395
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta
GDI2

Homo sapiens

184.88
29.21
7
35


Q15366
Poly(rC)-binding protein 2
PCBP2

Homo sapiens

124.46
28.77
6
35


P36671
Phosphoglucomutase-1
PGM1

Homo sapiens

117.76
26.51
9
35


P60953
Cell division control protein 42 homolog
CDC42

Homo sapiens

132.02
40.31
5
35


Q03252
Lamin-B2
LMNB2

Homo sapiens

99.19
16.67
8
34


O00151
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1
PDLIM1

Homo sapiens

219.59
20.97
3
34


P61313
60S ribosomal protein L15
RPL15

Homo sapiens

116.87
24.02
4
34


P63010
AP-2 complex subunit beta
AP2B1

Homo sapiens

144.72
8.96
4
33


P52907
F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1
CAPZA1

Homo sapiens

118.74
22.38
4
33


O00299
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1
CLIC1

Homo sapiens

100.54
24.90
5
33


F59665
Neutrophil defensin 1
DEFA1

Homo sapiens

99.41
20.21
3
33


P30084
Enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial
ECHS1

Homo sapiens

110.92
16.21
3
33


P02794
Ferritin heavy chain
FTH1

Homo sapiens

190.73
38.80
4
33


P31150
Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha
GDI1

Homo sapiens

177.37
19.91
4
33


O43390
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R
HNRNPR

Homo sapiens

123.66
11.22
6
33


P28331
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa
NDUFS1

Homo sapiens

146.80
14.86
6
33



subunit, mitochondrial


P62140
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-
PPP1CB

Homo sapiens

144.77
25.69
5
33



beta catalytic subunit


P08134
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
RHOC

Homo sapiens

113.02
36.27
4
33


Q96FQ6
Protein S100-A16
S100A16

Homo sapiens

111.92
63.11
5
33


Q10567
AP-1 complex subunit beta-1
AP1B1

Homo sapiens

155.87
4.95
3
33


P51648
Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
ALDH3A2

Homo sapiens

101.08
11.34
4
32


P61769
Beta-2-microglobulin
B2M

Homo sapiens

129.55
35.29
3
32


P30042
ES1 protein homolog, mitochondrial
C21orf33

Homo sapiens

184.38
26.87
3
32


Q14103
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0
HNRNPD

Homo sapiens

96.00
19.72
5
32


P46778
60S ribsomal protein L21
RPL21

Homo sapiens

112.78
31.87
4
32


P62910
60S ribsomal protein L32
RPL32

Homo sapiens

102.48
27.41
3
32


P18124
60S ribsomal protein L7
RPL7

Homo sapiens

123.75
34.27
7
32


P51991
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3
HNRNPA3

Homo sapiens

118.23
18.52
6
32


P62249
40S ribosomal protein S16
RPS16

Homo sapiens

92.94
30.14
4
32


P62269
40S ribosomal protein S18
RPS18

Homo sapiens

82.25
36.84
6
32


Q8NBS9
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5
TXNDC5

Homo sapiens

190.89
16.90
5
32


P55268
Laminin subunit beta-2
LAMB2

Homo sapiens

137.11
7.79
7
32


P07108
Acyl-CoA-binding protein
DBI

Homo sapiens

158.66
41.38
2
31


Q96KP4
Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase
CNDP2

Homo sapiens

124.80
17.05
5
31


P02511
Alpha-crystallin B chain
CRYAB

Homo sapiens

115.45
34.29
5
31


P49773
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1
HINT1

Homo sapiens

238.93
54.76
3
31


Q15181
Inorganic pyrophosphatase
PPA1

Homo sapiens

106.49
28.72
5
31


P83731
60S ribosomal protein L24
RPL24

Homo sapiens

103.39
19.11
3
31


Q53EL6
Programmed cell death protein 4
PDCD4

Homo sapiens

151.18
11.73
3
31


P29692
Elongation factor 1-delta
EEF1D

Homo sapiens

121.20
21.71
4
30


P01625
Ig kappa chain V-IV region Len
KV402

Homo sapiens

123.28
23.68
2
30


P55058
Phospholipid transfer protein
PLTP

Homo sapiens

118.29
16.63
5
30


P51148
Ras-related protein Rab-5C
RAB5C

Homo sapiens

88.46
18.06
3
30


Q02543
60S ribsomal protein L18a
RPL18A

Homo sapiens

82.92
25.00
4
30


P0CW22
40S ribsomal protein S17-like
RPS17L

Homo sapiens

84.85
49.63
4
30


P39019
40S ribsomal protein S19
RPS19

Homo sapiens

93.93
43.45
7
30


P24752
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
ACAT1

Homo sapiens

102.46
16.63
5
30


P36955
Pigment epithelium-derived factor
SERPINF1

Homo sapiens

123.08
27.03
6
30


P28838
Cytosol aminopeptidase
LAP3

Homo sapiens

128.37
16.18
5
29


P00395
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
MT-CO1

Homo sapiens

114.84
7.60
2
29


P10915
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1
HAPLN1

Homo sapiens

128.51
36.16
7
29


O75112
LIM domain-binding protein 3
LDB3

Homo sapiens

159.55
12.38
6
29


Q14210
Lymphocyte antigen 6D
LY6D

Homo sapiens

85.31
16.41
2
29


Q13162
Peroxiredoxin-4
PRDX4

Homo sapiens

110.59
26.57
5
29


P51149
Ras-related protein Rab-7a
RAB7A

Homo sapiens

91.57
46.38
7
29


Q13228
Selenium-binding protein 1
SELENBP1

Homo sapiens

140.38
25.21
7
29


P23246
Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich
SFPQ

Homo sapiens

146.88
6.79
3
29


P03973
Antileukoproteinase
SLPI

Homo sapiens

105.65
20.45
2
29


P49755
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED10

Homo sapiens

95.34
18.26
4
29



protein 10


P07919
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6,
UQCRH

Homo sapiens

151.77
29.67
2
29



mitochondrial


P00325
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
ADH1B

Homo sapiens

143.26
15.73
5
28


P07451
Carbonic anhydrase 3
CA3

Homo sapiens

103.24
45.77
7
28


P08311
Cathepsin G
CTSG

Homo sapiens

86.82
18.43
4
28


P23946
Chymase
CMA1

Homo sapiens

104.09
38.87
7
28


P15311
Ezrin
EZR

Homo sapiens

94.52
10.41
5
28


P08237
6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type
PFKM

Homo sapiens

103.32
22.82
10
28


Q96AG4
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 59
LRRC59

Homo sapiens

102.16
16.61
4
28


P11177
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component
PDHB

Homo sapiens

107.90
25.35
6
28



subunit beta, mitochondrial


Q687X5
Metalloreductase STEAP4
STEAP4

Homo sapiens

127.59
20.26
6
28


P10599
Thioredoxin
TXN

Homo sapiens

101.16
48.57
4
28


P13928
Annexin A8
ANXA8

Homo sapiens

98.25
28.44
6
28


O00159
Unconventional myosin-Ic
MYO1C

Homo sapiens

129.53
5.36
3
28


Q9UL46
Proteasome activator complex subunit 2
PSME2

Homo sapiens

132.41
19.67
3
28


O15143
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B
ARPC1B

Homo sapiens

148.32
13.71
3
27


Q9BRX8
Redox-regulatory protein FAM213A
FAM213A

Homo sapiens

72.57
16.59
3
27


O60716
Catenin delta-1
CTNND1

Homo sapiens

99.36
10.95
8
27


Q9UBI6
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein
GNG12

Homo sapiens

104.09
56.94
3
27



G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12


P62899
60S ribosomal protein L31
RPL31

Homo sapiens

72.73
18.40
2
27


P62277
40S ribosomal protein S13
RPS13

Homo sapiens

103.45
25.17
4
27


Q7KZF4
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing
SND1

Homo sapiens

148.87
15.60
6
27



protein 1


P50990
T-complex protein 1 subunit theta
CCT8

Homo sapiens

82.21
14.42
6
27


Q53GQ0
Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 12
HSD17B12

Homo sapiens

109.00
26.60
6
27


P10316
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-69
HLA-A

Homo sapiens

102.31
29.32
7
26



alpha chain


P30481
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-44
HLA-B

Homo sapiens

106.48
19.89
5
26



alpha chain


P05090
Apolipoprotein D
APOD

Homo sapiens

79.01
24.34
5
26


P00918
Carbonic anhydrase 2
CA2

Homo sapiens

94.23
23.85
4
26


P17858
6-phosphofructokinase, liver type
PFKL

Homo sapiens

110.94
13.33
5
26


P01598
Ig kappa chain V-I region EU
KV106

Homo sapiens

111.02
26.85
2
26


P08559
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component
PDHA1

Homo sapiens

133.81
18.46
4
26



subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial


P78527
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
PRKDC

Homo sapiens

124.68
3.83
8
26


Q86TD4
Sarcalumenin
SRL

Homo sapiens

88.38
7.30
6
26


Q15185
Prostaglandin E synthase 3
PTGES3

Homo sapiens

94.89
18.13
2
26


P16070
CD44 antigen
CD44

Homo sapiens

99.10
6.87
4
26


P54709
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase
ATP1B3

Homo sapiens

104.69
17.20
3
25



subunit beta-3


O94905
Erlin-2
ERLIN2

Homo sapiens

77.46
17.99
4
25


Q9BSJ8
Extended synaptotagmin-1
ESYT1

Homo sapiens

90.36
5.89
4
25


Q92597
Protein NDRG1
NDRG1

Homo sapiens

119.80
22.34
5
25


Q9UQ80
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4
PA2G4

Homo sapiens

91.68
17.51
4
25


P42766
60S ribosomal protein L35
RPL35

Homo sapiens

91.31
23.58
3
25


P54920
Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
NAPA

Homo sapiens

78.90
15.93
4
25


P59998
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4
ARPC4

Homo sapiens

67.76
11.31
2
24


O75947
ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial
ATP5H

Homo sapiens

69.10
22.36
3
24


O14958
Calsequestrin-2
CASQ2

Homo sapiens

126.06
28.82
6
24


P13073
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1,
COX4I1

Homo sapiens

80.35
19.53
3
24



mitochondrial


Q16698
2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial
DECR1

Homo sapiens

107.00
20.60
4
24


P63167
Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic
DYNLL1

Homo sapiens

73.08
49.44
3
24


P16401
Histone H1.5
HIST1H1B

Homo sapiens

72.23
14.60
4
24


P54819
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial
AK2

Homo sapiens

112.91
21.34
3
24


O75489
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-
NDUFS3

Homo sapiens

90.78
21.97
4
24



sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial


Q8NC51
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-
SERBP1

Homo sapiens

77.71
13.73
3
24



binding protein


P62244
40S ribosomal protein S15a
RPS15A

Homo sapiens

118.12
40.00
4
24


P17987
T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha
TCP1

Homo sapiens

72.80
21.40
8
24


P50991
T-complex protein 1 subunit delta
CCT4

Homo sapiens

89.75
5.38
2
24


Q99536
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1
VAT1

Homo sapiens

78.40
15.78
4
24



homolog


P08195
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain
SLC3A2

Homo sapiens

85.62
8.41
4
24


P52179
Myomesin-1
MYOM1

Homo sapiens

92.87
6.94
7
24


P14550
Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
AKR1A1

Homo sapiens

96.16
22.46
4
23


P10768
S-formylglutathione hydrolase
ESD

Homo sapiens

103.70
33.33
5
23


Q12907
Vesicular integral-membrane protein VIP36
LMAN2

Homo sapiens

114.58
27.53
5
23


P26373
60S ribosomal protein L13
RPL13

Homo sapiens

80.03
16.11
3
23


P61353
60S ribosomal protein L27
RPL27

Homo sapiens

68.13
41.91
5
23


P62851
40S ribosomal protein S25
RPS25

Homo sapiens

75.11
24.00
4
23


P26447
Protein S100-A4
S100A4

Homo sapiens

66.34
19.80
2
23


Q9GZM7
Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like
TINAGL1

Homo sapiens

89.95
16.92
4
23


Q13510
Acid ceramidase
ASAH1

Homo sapiens

107.39
10.13
2
23


P05556
Integrin beta-1
ITGB1

Homo sapiens

83.72
12.03
5
23


P11766
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
ADH5

Homo sapiens

111.95
31.82
5
22


Q9HDC9
Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated
APMAP

Homo sapiens

140.36
16.35
3
22



protein


P00915
Carbonic anhydrase 1
CA1

Homo sapiens

83.52
17.62
3
22


Q07065
Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4
CKAP4

Homo sapiens

73.48
22.92
10
22


P53618
Coatomer subunit beta
COPB1

Homo sapiens

101.52
5.35
3
22


Q9Y3I0
tRNA-splicing ligase RtcB homolog
RTCB

Homo sapiens

94.04
16.44
3
22


O43169
Cytochrome b5 type B
CYB5B

Homo sapiens

145.18
36.30
2
22


Q8IZP2
Putative protein FAM10A4
ST13P4

Homo sapiens

100.91
18.33
3
22


P52565
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1
ARHGDIA

Homo sapiens

90.83
25.00
4
22


Q02978
Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier
SLC25A11

Homo sapiens

72.43
22.61
6
22



protein


P62857
40S ribosomal protein S28
RPS28

Homo sapiens

74.20
33.33
2
22


Q16181
Septin-7
41889

Homo sapiens

127.43
9.38
2
22


P01591
Immunoglobulin J chain
IGJ

Homo sapiens

67.29
23.27
3
22


P23229
Integrin alpha-6
ITGA6

Homo sapiens

115.73
8.05
5
22


Q9BVK6
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED9

Homo sapiens

93.53
25.53
4
22



protein 9


P01019
Angiotensinogen
AGT

Homo sapiens

99.05
11.13
3
21


Q9ULZ3
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein
PYCARD

Homo sapiens

100.42
15.90
2
21



containing a CARD


O75531
Barrier-to-autointegration factor
BANF1

Homo sapiens

78.08
40.45
2
21


P61604
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
HSPE1

Homo sapiens

79.74
25.49
2
21


P02741
C-reactive protein
CRP

Homo sapiens

58.24
17.41
5
21


P02765
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
AHSG

Homo sapiens

97.90
16.89
3
21


Q14152
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3A

Homo sapiens

61.17
5.14
5
21



subunit A


Q9UN36
Protein NDRG2
NDRG2

Homo sapiens

110.96
30.46
5
21


P07225
Vitamin K-dependent protein S
PROS1

Homo sapiens

120.92
6.07
2
21


P62750
60S ribosomal protein L23a
RPL23A

Homo sapiens

62.82
21.15
3
21


P23297
Protein S100-A1
S100A1

Homo sapiens

93.09
23.40
2
21


Q07666
KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal
KHDRBS1

Homo sapiens

107.45
7.67
2
21



transduction-associated protein 1


Q9BS26
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44
ERP44

Homo sapiens

146.67
17.49
4
21


Q96QK1
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein
VPS35

Homo sapiens

65.50
7.29
4
21



35


Q03591
Complement factor H-related protein 1
CFHR1

Homo sapiens

74.21
16.48
4
21


P16144
Integrin beta-4
ITGB4

Homo sapiens

99.62
4.72
4
21


P11279
Lysosome-associated membrane
LAMP1

Homo sapiens

83.40
8.63
3
21



glycoprotein 1


P27695
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase
APEX1

Homo sapiens

94.50
16.98
3
20


Q12797
Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase
ASPH

Homo sapiens

94.76
7.26
3
20


Q9UGM3
Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein
DMBT1

Homo sapiens

72.30
15.04
3
20


O75874
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]
IDH1

Homo sapiens

87.46
18.60
5
20



cytoplasmic


P60866
40S ribosomal protein S20
RPS20

Homo sapiens

80.66
19.33
2
20


P04271
Protein S100-B
S100B

Homo sapiens

130.02
40.22
2
20


P07602
Proactivator polypeptide
PSAP

Homo sapiens

50.52
6.49
3
20


P68036
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3
UBE2L3

Homo sapiens

111.70
24.03
2
20


P06727
Apolipoprotein A-IV
APOA4

Homo sapiens

57.03
16.67
5
19


Q9NVJ2
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B
ARL8B

Homo sapiens

89.71
22.58
3
19


P36542
ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial
ATP5C1

Homo sapiens

51.19
21.48
4
19


P51659
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2
HSD17B4

Homo sapiens

102.09
13.45
5
19


O60506
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q
SYNCRIP

Homo sapiens

55.74
7.87
4
19


P01765
Ig heavy chain V-III region TIL
HV304

Homo sapiens

90.67
26.09
2
19


P42704
Leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein,
LRPPRC

Homo sapiens

65.49
6.53
6
19



mitochondrial


Q53GG5
PDZ and LIM domain protein 3
PDLIM3

Homo sapiens

106.45
15.66
3
19


P46776
60S ribosomal protein L27a
RPL27A

Homo sapiens

52.70
14.86
2
19


P63316
Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac
TNNC1

Homo sapiens

70.44
16.15
3
19



muscles


Q9BXX0
EMILIN-2
EMILIN2

Homo sapiens

66.38
4.94
3
19


Q16836
Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase,
HADH

Homo sapiens

91.31
36.62
5
19



mitochondrial


Q9HC84
Mucin-5B
MUC5B

Homo sapiens

70.98
3.04
4
19


P22061
Protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-
PCMT1

Homo sapiens

122.95
26.43
2
19



methyltransferase


Q92841
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase
DDX17

Homo sapiens

63.73
13.03
6
19



DDX17


P02656
Apolipoprotein C-III
APOC3

Homo sapiens

81.52
27.27
2
18


P35606
Coatomer subunit beta′
COPB2

Homo sapiens

70.13
12.58
6
18


P13804
Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha,
ETFA

Homo sapiens

55.74
13.81
3
18



mitochondrial


P01766
Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO
HV305

Homo sapiens

83.54
25.00
2
18


P50213
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit
IDH3A

Homo sapiens

89.89
17.76
4
18



alpha, mitochondrial


Q99538
Legumain
LGMN

Homo sapiens

76.81
10.16
2
18


Q04760
Lactoylglutathione lyase
GLO1

Homo sapiens

51.46
29.89
4
18


P55209
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1
NAP1L1

Homo sapiens

71.86
19.95
4
18


P62280
40S ribosomal protein S11
RPS11

Homo sapiens

59.38
31.65
4
18


P62753
40S ribosomal protein S6
RPS6

Homo sapiens

63.34
14.86
3
18


Q14108
Lysosome membrane protein 2
SCARB2

Homo sapiens

80.31
11.09
3
18


P40227
T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta
CCT6A

Homo sapiens

120.87
12.62
3
18


P45974
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5
USP5

Homo sapiens

86.69
8.86
3
18


Q14CN2
Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator
CLCA4

Homo sapiens

68.23
13.06
6
18



4


Q9UNM6
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD13

Homo sapiens

80.72
13.03
3
18



subunit 13


P02730
Band 3 anion transport protein
SLC4A1

Homo sapiens

89.76
10.98
5
17


P34810
Macrosialin
CD68

Homo sapiens

96.51
15.25
2
17


P78417
Glutathione S-transferase omega-1
GSTO1

Homo sapiens

48.66
7.88
2
17


P11940
Polyadenylate-binding protein 1
PABPC1

Homo sapiens

55.95
10.38
5
17


P62913
60S ribosomal protein L11
RPL11

Homo sapiens

56.30
12.92
2
17


P42677
40S ribosomal protein S27
RPS27

Homo sapiens

48.36
28.57
2
17


Q9UHD8
Septin-9
41891

Homo sapiens

69.77
8.70
3
17


P51571
Translocon-associated protein subunit delta
SSR4

Homo sapiens

56.50
24.86
3
17


P40394
Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma
ADH7

Homo sapiens

124.34
14.51
3
17



chain


P20073
Annexin A7
ANXA7

Homo sapiens

67.13
9.63
3
17


Q5SSJ5
Heterochromatin protein 1-binding protein 3
HP1BP3

Homo sapiens

64.95
6.87
2
17


P20591
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1
MX1

Homo sapiens

88.82
16.47
6
17


P35611
Alpha-adducin
ADD1

Homo sapiens

92.65
8.41
3
16


P24539
ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial
ATP5F1

Homo sapiens

57.61
19.53
4
16


P02462
Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain
COL4A1

Homo sapiens

61.11
4.79
5
16


P08246
Neutrophil elastase
ELANE

Homo sapiens

108.82
20.60
2
16


P52566
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2
ARHGDIB

Homo sapiens

77.52
33.83
3
16


Q1KMD3
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-
HNRNPUL2

Homo sapiens

62.82
10.98
4
16



like protein 2


Q9Y4L1
Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1
HYOU1

Homo sapiens

66.01
9.21
5
16


P05198
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2
EIF2S1

Homo sapiens

64.58
23.81
4
16



subunit 1


Q16795
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
NDUFA9

Homo sapiens

51.83
17.77
5
16



subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial


Q14980
Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1
NUMA1

Homo sapiens

89.24
2.84
3
16


Q9UMS4
Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19
PRPF19

Homo sapiens

79.00
6.35
2
16


Q15046
Lysine--tRNA ligase
KARS

Homo sapiens

51.73
9.21
3
16


P22735
Protein-glutamine gamma-
TGM1

Homo sapiens

62.57
12.12
5
16



glutamyltransferase K


Q9Y3B3
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing
TMED7

Homo sapiens

65.77
19.64
3
16



protein 7


P47985
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske,
UQCRFS1

Homo sapiens

76.88
17.52
3
16



mitochondrial


O75339
Cartilage intermediate layer protein 1
CILP

Homo sapiens

49.16
4.65
4
16


P11047
Laminin subunit gamma-1
LAMC1

Homo sapiens

58.80
5.03
5
16


P13796
Plastin-2
LCP1

Homo sapiens

56.95
11.32
5
16


P61160
Actin-related protein 2
ACTR2

Homo sapiens

43.44
8.88
3
15


O15144
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2
ARPC2

Homo sapiens

53.85
28.67
6
15


P07358
Complement component C8 beta chain
C8B

Homo sapiens

69.74
8.12
2
15


O75131
Copine-3
CPNE3

Homo sapiens

67.21
11.17
4
15


P22087
rRNA 2′-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin
FBL

Homo sapiens

50.51
15.89
4
15


Q93052
Lipoma-preferred partner
LPP

Homo sapiens

96.40
3.92
2
15


Q9UHQ9
NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1
CYB5R1

Homo sapiens

107.11
15.41
2
15


P13667
Protein disulfide-isomerase A4
PDIA4

Homo sapiens

45.77
10.85
5
15


Q15437
Protein transport protein Sec23B
SEC23B

Homo sapiens

64.93
6.52
2
15


P48643
T-complex protein 1 subunit epsilon
CCT5

Homo sapiens

71.26
14.97
4
15


P49419
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde
ALDH7A1

Homo sapiens

47.15
16.33
5
15



dehydrogenase


P01031
Complement C5
C5

Homo sapiens

60.01
5.19
5
15


O14561
Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial
NDUFAB1

Homo sapiens

63.69
15.38
2
14


O00499
Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1
BIN1

Homo sapiens

61.79
14.67
5
14


P30043
Flavin reductase (NADPH)
BLVRB

Homo sapiens

45.07
23.79
3
14


P55290
Cadherin-13
CDH13

Homo sapiens

63.95
4.91
2
14


Q13938
Calcyphosin
CAPS

Homo sapiens

49.97
26.98
4
14


P42126
Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1, mitochondrial
ECI1

Homo sapiens

44.26
20.53
4
14


Q9H4M9
EH domain-containing protein 1
EHD1

Homo sapiens

58.11
7.49
2
14


P19367
Hexokinase-1
HK1

Homo sapiens

52.93
9.16
6
14


O60662
Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing
KLHL41

Homo sapiens

58.11
8.42
5
14



protein 10


P10620
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1
MGST1

Homo sapiens

39.47
18.71
2
14


Q13765
Nascent polypeptide-associated complex
NACA

Homo sapiens

45.56
12.56
2
14



subunit alpha


O95299
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
NDUFA10

Homo sapiens

71.85
13.24
2
14



subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial


Q9UHG3
Prenylcysteine oxidase 1
PCYOX1

Homo sapiens

50.92
12.28
4
14


Q15293
Reticulocalbin-1
RCN1

Homo sapiens

54.12
18.13
4
14


Q07955
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1
SRSF1

Homo sapiens

46.76
17.34
3
14


P30626
Sorcin
SRI

Homo sapiens

52.69
16.16
2
14


Q04837
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein,
SSBP1

Homo sapiens

45.28
32.43
3
14



mitochondrial


Q9UJZ1
Stomatin-like protein 2
STOML2

Homo sapiens

49.54
17.13
3
14


O75746
Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein
SLC25A12

Homo sapiens

73.38
8.11
2
14



Aralar1


Q9Y6C2
EMILIN-1
EMILIN1

Homo sapiens

49.93
8.56
6
14


Q07954
Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related
LRP1

Homo sapiens

62.18
2.07
5
14



protein 1


P36952
Serpin B5
SERPINB5

Homo sapiens

55.15
14.13
3
14


P20290
Transcription factor BTF3
BTF3

Homo sapiens

74.92
22.82
2
13


P02745
Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A
C1QA

Homo sapiens

75.24
13.47
2
13


P47756
F-actin-capping protein subunit beta
CAPZB

Homo sapiens

51.06
26.35
4
13


Q9Y678
Coatomer subunit gamma-1
COPG1

Homo sapiens

48.48
11.21
4
13


P05413
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart
FABP3

Homo sapiens

41.42
38.35
4
13


P14314
Glucosidase 2 subunit beta
PRKCSH

Homo sapiens

51.99
11.36
5
13


O00303
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3F

Homo sapiens

53.04
19.05
4
13



subunit F


P04434
Ig kappa chain V-III region VH (Fragment)
KV310

Homo sapiens

33.54
23.28
2
13


O00232
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD12

Homo sapiens

45.14
7.46
2
13



subunit 12


P98179
Putative RNA-binding protein 3
RBM3

Homo sapiens

66.79
31.85
2
13


P21589
5′-nucleotidase
NT5E

Homo sapiens

54.86
9.23
2
12


P00966
Argininosuccinate synthase
ASS1

Homo sapiens

69.29
10.19
2
12


P08571
Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14
CD14

Homo sapiens

50.36
14.40
3
12


Q9ULV4
Coronin-1C
CORO1C

Homo sapiens

75.32
13.29
2
12


P21912
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquitone] iron-
SDHB

Homo sapiens

44.99
10.71
2
12



sulfur subunit, mitochondrial


P35573
Glycogen debranching enzyme
AGL

Homo sapiens

60.07
3.26
3
12


Q96AB3
Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 2,
ISOC2

Homo sapiens

55.91
25.85
2
12



mitochondrial


P30085
UMP-CMP kinase
CMPK1

Homo sapiens

56.96
22.96
3
12


P80188
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
LCN2

Homo sapiens

35.66
26.77
3
12


P61970
Nuclear transport factor 2
NUTF2

Homo sapiens

70.89
33.86
2
12


O75915
PRA1 family protein 3
ARL6IP5

Homo sapiens

42.87
15.96
2
12


P62491
Ras-related protein Rab-11A
RAB11A

Homo sapiens

36.42
16.20
3
12


P84098
60S ribosomal protein L19
RPL19

Homo sapiens

35.15
30.10
6
12


Q01105
Protein SET
SET

Homo sapiens

69.40
17.24
2
12


P39687
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32
ANP32A

Homo sapiens

38.78
14.06
3
11



family member A


Q96CW1
AP-2 complex subunit mu
AP2M1

Homo sapiens

50.41
11.72
3
11


P02652
Apolipoprotein A-II
APOA2

Homo sapiens

30.45
39.00
3
11


P18859
ATP synthase-coupling factor 6,
ATP5J

Homo sapiens

45.89
30.56
2
11



mitochondrial


Q99715
Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain
COL12A1

Homo sapiens

42.85
1.99
4
11


Q9Y394
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family
DHRS7

Homo sapiens

51.65
16.52
3
11



member 7


O43143
Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-
DHX15

Homo sapiens

35.61
4.28
2
11



dependent RNA helicase DHX15


P11166
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose
SLC2A1

Homo sapiens

29.34
6.30
3
11



transporter member 1


P38159
RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome
RBMX

Homo sapiens

31.82
5.37
2
11


P01714
Ig lambda chain V-III region SH
LV301

Homo sapiens

37.60
25.00
2
11


P23368
NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial
ME2

Homo sapiens

64.29
15.07
3
11


Q9Y6C9
Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2
MTCH2

Homo sapiens

42.05
16.83
3
11


P49821
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]
NDUFV1

Homo sapiens

40.34
17.24
4
11



flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial


Q9Y2J8
Protein-arginine deiminase type-2
PADI2

Homo sapiens

55.16
5.56
2
11


P01833
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
PIGR

Homo sapiens

59.96
4.84
2
11


P61019
Ras-related protein Rab-2A
RBS2A

Homo sapiens

38.60
12.74
2
11


P40763
Signal transducer and activator of
STAT3

Homo sapiens

75.61
8.70
3
11



transcription 3


Q15363
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 2
TMED2

Homo sapiens

37.40
18.41
3
11


P07998
Thrombospondin-1
THBS1

Homo sapiens

51.87
2.74
2
11


O75643
U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa
SNRNP200

Homo sapiens

58.36
4.21
4
11



helicase


Q15029
116 kDa U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
EFTUD2

Homo sapiens

69.20
3.81
2
11



component


Q9UH99
SUN domain-containing protein 2
SUN2

Homo sapiens

49.31
10.46
4
11


O75533
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1
SF3B1

Homo sapiens

48.28
2.45
2
11


P46977
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
STT3A

Homo sapiens

64.42
5.82
2
11



glycosyltransferase subunit STT3A


Q16658
Fascin
FSCN1

Homo sapiens

51.61
8.11
2
10


Q9NZ01
Very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase
TECR

Homo sapiens

36.79
9.42
2
10


P08263
Glutathione S-transferase A1
GSTA1

Homo sapiens

28.39
17.57
3
10


Q13751
Laminin subunit beta-3
LAMB3

Homo sapiens

41.29
6.06
4
10


P37837
Transaldolase
TALDO1

Homo sapiens

32.08
14.54
4
10


Q6ZMU5
Tripartite motif-containing protein 72
TRIM72

Homo sapiens

52.07
14.47
4
10


P53634
Dipeptidyl peptidase 1
CTSC

Homo sapiens

42.71
12.31
3
10


P14543
Nidogen-1
NID1

Homo sapiens

41.25
5.53
4
10


Q9NYU2
UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1
UGGT1

Homo sapiens

34.11
6.88
5
10


B0FP48
Uroplakin-3b-like protein
UPK3BL

Homo sapiens

29.21
13.31
3
10


P61163
Alpha-centractin
ACTR1A

Homo sapiens

38.24
10.11
2
9


P04745
Alpha-amylase 1
AMY1A

Homo sapiens

49.22
15.07
4
9


P51572
B-cell receptor-associated protein 31
BCAP31

Homo sapiens

25.93
21.54
4
9


P24592
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6
IGFBP6

Homo sapiens

48.09
18.33
2
9


Q13421
Mesothelin
MSLN

Homo sapiens

42.32
6.35
2
9


P22307
Non-specific lipid-transfer protein
SCP2

Homo sapiens

26.93
6.95
3
9


P55786
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase
NPEPPS

Homo sapiens

30.12
6.42
3
9


P61254
60S ribosomal protein L26
RPL26

Homo sapiens

23.65
17.93
3
9


P67812
Signal peptidase complex catalytic subunit
SEC11A

Homo sapiens

22.32
15.64
3
9



SEC11A


Q5VXT5
Synaptophysin-like protein 2
SYPL2

Homo sapiens

33.05
10.66
2
9


P13693
Translationally-controlled tumor protein
TPT1

Homo sapiens

31.41
12.21
2
9


Q9UDW1
Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9
UQCR10

Homo sapiens

29.74
38.10
2
9


Q6YHK3
CD109 antigen
CD109

Homo sapiens

30.44
3.88
3
8


Q9Y224
UPF0568 protein C14orf166
C14orf166

Homo sapiens

41.55
17.62
3
8


Q16610
Extracellular matrix protein 1
ECM1

Homo sapiens

35.88
6.67
2
8


Q13347
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3I

Homo sapiens

36.42
16.31
3
8



subunit I


P40261
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
NNMT

Homo sapiens

39.05
12.12
2
8


O75340
Programmed cell death protein 6
PDCD6

Homo sapiens

25.68
12.57
2
8


P62714
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A
PPP2CB

Homo sapiens

42.30
12.94
2
8



catalytic subunit beta isoform


P28066
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5
PSMA5

Homo sapiens

35.94
29.88
4
8


P61224
Ras-related protein Rap-1b
RAP1B

Homo sapiens

25.05
26.09
4
8


Q9Y265
RuvB-like 1
RUVBL1

Homo sapiens

26.51
8.99
3
8


P61619
Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit alpha
SEC61A1

Homo sapiens

28.34
6.51
2
8



isoform 1


Q8TCJ2
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein
STT3B

Homo sapiens

38.82
3.51
2
8



glycosyltransferase subunit STT3B


Q92896
Golgi apparatus protein 1
GLG1

Homo sapiens

48.26
4.92
3
8



Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase


P10515
component of pyruvate dehydrogenase
DLAT

Homo sapiens

31.01
10.51
4
8



complex, mitochondrial


Q6NUK1
Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein
SLC25A24

Homo sapiens

21.03
6.92
3
8



SCaMC-1


O43488
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2
AKR7A2

Homo sapiens

44.29
13.37
2
7


O15511
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5
ARPC5

Homo sapiens

27.05
21.19
2
7


P34897
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase,
SHMT2

Homo sapiens

18.65
5.36
2
7



mitochondrial


P07305
Histone H1.0
H1F0

Homo sapiens

17.16
11.34
2
7


Q12906
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3
ILF3

Homo sapiens

21.77
4.47
3
7


Q08380
Galectin-3-binding protein
LGALS3BP

Homo sapiens

29.58
4.96
2
7


P16050
Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
ALOX15

Homo sapiens

33.24
6.19
2
7


P01700
Ig lambda chain V-I region HA
LV102

Homo sapiens

19.51
18.75
2
7


Q99972
Myocitin
MYOC

Homo sapiens

20.28
10.91
4
7


Q96AC1
Fermitin family homolog 2
FERMT2

Homo sapiens

22.01
5.00
2
7


Q9Y446
Plakophilin-3
PKP3

Homo sapiens

25.64
6.15
3
7


P25786
Proteasome subunit alpha type-1
PSMA1

Homo sapiens

32.33
19.77
3
7


Q99460
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory
PSMD1

Homo sapiens

30.78
5.98
3
7



subunit 1


P06703
Protein S100-A6
S100A6

Homo sapiens

24.60
40.00
3
7


P23526
Adenosylhomocysteinase
AHCY

Homo sapiens

25.52
10.65
3
7


Q96PL1
Secretoglobin family 3A member 2
SCGB3A2

Homo sapiens

27.23
33.33
2
7


P54577
Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
YARS

Homo sapiens

34.21
10.61
3
7


O60701
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
UGDH

Homo sapiens

22.69
8.30
2
7


P40121
Macrophage-capping protein
CAPG

Homo sapiens

27.36
13.51
3
7


Q7L2H7
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3M

Homo sapiens

34.24
12.57
3
7



subunit M


Q6YN16
Hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase-like protein 2
HSDL2

Homo sapiens

27.28
8.85
2
7


Q969G5
Protein kinase C delta-binding protein
PRKCDBP

Homo sapiens

24.98
13.79
3
7


P35613
Basigin
BSG

Homo sapiens

25.29
8.31
2
6


P09871
Complement C1s subcomponent
C1S

Homo sapiens

23.20
4.36
2
6


Q92499
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1
DDX1

Homo sapiens

28.65
6.89
3
6


Q9UBX5
Fibulin-5
FBLN5

Homo sapiens

19.62
6.70
2
6


O75955
Flotillin-1
FLOT1

Homo sapiens

20.47
7.73
2
6


P21695
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GPD1

Homo sapiens

27.44
22.64
4
6



[NAD(+)], cytoplasmic


O14558
Heat shock protein beta-6
HSPB6

Homo sapiens

23.37
21.88
2
6


P20810
Calpastatin
CAST

Homo sapiens

25.02
6.21
2
6


Q12905
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2
ILF2

Homo sapiens

23.04
18.97
4
6


P48729
Casein kinase I isoform alpha
CSNK1A1

Homo sapiens

15.74
6.53
2
6


P80748
Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI
LV302

Homo sapiens

19.76
21.62
2
6


P51970
NADR dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
NDUFA8

Homo sapiens

21.24
29.07
3
6



subcomplex subunit 8


Q6P2Q9
Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8
PRPF8

Homo sapiens

27.11
1.88
2
6


P62333
26S protease regulatory subunit 10B
PSMC6

Homo sapiens

22.70
7.97
2
6


P63000
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
RAC1

Homo sapiens

16.60
22.40
4
6


Q15393
Splicing factor 3B subunit 3
SF3B3

Homo sapiens

28.58
3.20
2
6


O75368
SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like
SH3BGRL

Homo sapiens

16.99
27.19
2
6



protein


P26640
Valine--tRNA ligase
VARS

Homo sapiens

25.03
2.37
2
6


P61421
V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1
ATP3V0D1

Homo sapiens

20.75
10.26
2
6


Q14254
Flotillin-2
FLOT2

Homo sapiens

22.29
7.24
2
6


P27169
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1
PON1

Homo sapiens

19.01
21.97
3
6


P04275
von Willebrand factor
VWF

Homo sapiens

18.91
1.03
2
6


P51858
Hepatoma-derived growth factor
HDGF

Homo sapiens

21.84
14.17
2
5


Q96CX2
BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD12
KCTD12

Homo sapiens

13.69
7.08
2
5


Q13753
Laminin subunit gamma-2
LAMC2

Homo sapiens

29.52
4.11
2
5


P43243
Matrin-3
MATR3

Homo sapiens

15.97
3.78
2
5


Q9NP98
Myozenin-1
MYOZ1

Homo sapiens

25.04
11.04
2
5


Q9P2E9
Ribosome-binding protein 1
RRBP1

Homo sapiens

13.24
2.34
3
5


P49458
Signal recognition particle 9 kDa protein
SRP9

Homo sapiens

14.05
23.26
2
5


P42224
Signal transducer and activator of
STAT1

Homo sapiens

18.45
4.00
2
5



transcription 1-alpha/beta


O14907
Tax1-binding protein 3
TAX1BP3

Homo sapiens

18.96
28.23
2
5


Q04446
1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme
GBE1

Homo sapiens

20.75
5.13
2
5


O15230
Laminin subunit alpha-5
LAMA5

Homo sapiens

29.62
1.35
2
5


Q00341
Vigilin
HDLBP

Homo sapiens

24.79
3.08
2
5


P30049
ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
ATP5D

Homo sapiens

12.28
13.69
2
4


P23141
Liver carboxylesterase 1
CES1

Homo sapiens

14.18
5.47
2
4


Q9UBQ7
Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate
GRHPR

Homo sapiens

17.86
12.20
2
4



reductase


P07686
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
HEXB

Homo sapiens

18.55
8.63
2
4


P05455
Lupus La protein
SSB

Homo sapiens

17.39
10.78
3
4


P19404
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]
NDUFV2

Homo sapiens

10.94
9.64
2
4



flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial


Q13423
NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
NNT

Homo sapiens

21.45
3.41
2
4


P04181
Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial
OAT

Homo sapiens

11.54
7.29
2
4


P11498
Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial
PC

Homo sapiens

24.43
3.40
2
4


Q00765
Receptor expression-enhancing protein 5
REEP5

Homo sapiens

11.75
10.05
2
4


Q9NVA2
Septin-11
41893

Homo sapiens

9.98
4.30
2
4


Q01130
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2
SRSF2

Homo sapiens

13.67
12.67
2
4


P38606
V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A
ATP6V1A

Homo sapiens

15.43
7.46
3
4


O14980
Exportin-1
XPO1

Homo sapiens

21.82
3.27
2
4


Q8IVF2
Protein AHNAK2
AHNAK2

Homo sapiens

11.71
5.18
2
4


Q9UBG3
Cornulin
CRNN

Homo sapiens

15.63
16.77
4
4


Q06033
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3
ITIH3

Homo sapiens

20.77
5.51
2
4


Q16787
Laminin subunit alpha-3
LAMA3

Homo sapiens

25.74
1.32
2
4


P62330
ADP-ribosylation factor 6
ARF6

Homo sapiens

11.13
20.00
2
3


P50402
Emerin
EMD

Homo sapiens

11.98
16.54
2
3


P15104
Glutamine synthetase
GLUL

Homo sapiens

11.91
9.92
2
3


P10644
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha
PRKAR1A

Homo sapiens

13.14
7.87
2
3



regulatory subunit


P13473
Lysosome-associated membrane
LAMP2

Homo sapiens

9.53
4.88
2
3



glycoprotein 2


Q9BQ69
O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylase MACROD1
MACROD1

Homo sapiens

15.78
11.38
2
3


P53007
Tricarboxylate transport protein,
SLC25A1

Homo sapiens

13.07
15.11
2
3



mitochondrial


P49327
Fatty acid synthase
FASN

Homo sapiens

13.24
2.35
3
3


P07476
Involucrin
IVL

Homo sapiens

14.25
6.84
2
3


Q5VTT5
Myomesin-3
MYOM3

Homo sapiens

12.97
4.73
3
3


P07814
Bifunctional glutamate/prolone--tRNA ligase
EPRS

Homo sapiens

17.22
3.24
2
3


P12830
Cadherin-1
CDH1

Homo sapiens

6.40
4.08
2
2


P04040
Catalase
CAT

Homo sapiens

8.25
6.45
2
2


Q13217
DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3
DNAJC3

Homo sapiens

9.96
9.72
2
2


Q9UBY9
Heat shock protein beta-7
HSPB7

Homo sapiens

6.55
18.82
2
2


Q9Y262
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3
EIF3L

Homo sapiens

9.03
4.26
2
2



subunit L


Q92804
TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N
TAF15

Homo sapiens

5.57
4.39
2
2


P02753
Retinol-binding protein 4
RBP4

Homo sapiens

6.32
9.95
2
2


Q8NB12
SET and MYND domain-containing protein 1
SMYD1

Homo sapiens

5.69
6.53
2
2


Q9NSE4
Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
IARS2

Homo sapiens

6.92
2.77
2
2


Q9HD45
Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 3
TM9SF3

Homo sapiens

6.34
5.26
2
2


Q9P0L0
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-
VAPA

Homo sapiens

8.47
14.06
2
2



associated protein A
















TABLE 2







Gene ontology (biological process, cellular component and molecular function) terms enriched in the engineered VF mucosa proteome.


Enriched ontology terms were identified using the BINGO algorithm. The term list shown here corresponds to the functional


enrichment map presented in FIG. 3E. Terms are listed in order of ascending Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P-value.









Gene ontology term
Description
Adjusted P-value





GO:44444
cytoplasmic part
0.00E+00


GO:5737
cytoplasm
0.00E+00


GO:5829
cytosol
0.00E+00


GO:44424
intracellular part
0.00E+00


GO:44422
organelle part
0.00E+00


GO:44446
intracellular organelle part
0.00E+00


GO:5515
protein binding
0.00E+00


GO:5622
intracellular
0.00E+00


GO:43226
organelle
0.00E+00


GO:43229
intracellular organelle
0.00E+00


GO:44464
cell part
0.00E+00


GO:5623
cell
0.00E+00


GO:16043
cellular component organization
0.00E+00


GO:71840
cellular component organization or biogenesis
0.00E+00


GO:43227
membrane-bounded organelle
1.54E−98


GO:9056
catabolic process
1.32E−97


GO:32991
macromolecular complex
7.91E−96


GO:43231
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
2.82E−92


GO:1901575
organic substance catabolic process
1.10E−90


GO:31974
membrane-enclosed lumen
6.02E−90


GO:43233
organelle lumen
3.94E−89


GO:44248
cellular catabolic process
5.02E−86


GO:5575
cellular component
6.23E−84


GO:44281
small molecule metabolic process
1.14E−83


GO:16071
mRNA metabolic process
1.40E−83


GO:70013
intracellular organelle lumen
8.21E−83


GO:16032
viral reproduction
4.94E−82


GO:44764
multi-organism cellular process
6.49E−82


GO:22411
cellular component disassembly
1.09E−77


GO:19083
viral transcription
2.90E−77


GO:44710
single-organism metabolic process
3.71E−77


GO:9987
cellular process
5.80E−77


GO:43933
macromolecular complex subunit organization
6.37E−75


GO:44237
cellular metabolic process
1.39E−74


GO:22415
viral reproductive process
8.03E−74


GO:19080
viral genome expression
1.63E−73


GO:6614
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
3.08E−73


GO:22626
cytosolic ribosome
3.50E−72


GO:19058
viral infectious cycle
3.83E−72


GO:45047
protein targeting to ER
8.85E−72


GO:6414
translational elongation
1.01E−71


GO:72599
establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
1.59E−71


GO:6613
cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
1.59E−71


GO:6415
translational termination
2.24E−71


GO:71822
protein complex subunit organization
3.93E−71


GO:184
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
6.64E−71


GO:70972
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
1.49E−70


GO:5488
binding
6.41E−69


GO:43624
cellular protein complex disassembly
3.58E−68


GO:71704
organic substance metabolic process
4.71E−68


GO:43241
protein complex disassembly
3.35E−66


GO:44699
single-organism process
3.35E−66


GO:51649
establishment of localization in cell
4.99E−66


GO:51641
cellular localization
7.77E−66


GO:6612
protein targeting to membrane
5.56E−64


GO:32984
macromolecular complex disassembly
2.81E−63


GO:31988
membrane-bounded vesicle
4.70E−63


GO:43228
non-membrane-bounded organelle
8.25E−63


GO:43232
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
8.25E−63


GO:31982
vesicle
1.13E−62


GO:44238
primary metabolic process
1.22E−62


GO:44703
multi-organism reproductive process
4.22E−62


GO:46700
heterocycle catabolic process
1.06E−61


GO:34655
nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process
1.21E−61


GO:6402
mRNA catabolic process
2.73E−61


GO:46907
intracellular transport
3.34E−61


GO:30529
ribonucleoprotein complex
3.34E−61


GO:6413
translational initiation
3.74E−61


GO:1901361
organic cyclic compound catabolic process
4.66E−61


GO:44270
cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
5.09E−61


GO:956
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
5.26E−61


GO:44763
single-organism cellular process
5.79E−61


GO:19439
aromatic compound catabolic process
8.81E−61


GO:51704
multi-organism process
1.33E−60


GO:16482
cytoplasmic transport
1.49E−59


GO:44445
cytosolic part
1.05E−58


GO:33036
macromolecule localization
2.01E−58


GO:6401
RNA catabolic process
2.63E−58


GO:45184
establishment of protein localization
9.90E−58


GO:8104
protein localization
1.15E−57


GO:6807
nitrogen compound metabolic process
1.41E−57


GO:72594
establishment of protein localization to organelle
5.33E−57


GO:15031
protein transport
6.04E−57


GO:5198
structural molecule activity
6.40E−57


GO:6605
protein targeting
1.79E−56


GO:9057
macromolecule catabolic process
3.33E−56


GO:8152
metabolic process
1.14E−55


GO:42470
melanosome
1.61E−55


GO:48770
pigment granule
1.61E−55


GO:44391
ribosomal subunit
3.17E−54


GO:34641
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
2.68E−53


GO:6886
intracellular protein transport
7.01E−53


GO:34613
cellular protein localization
5.66E−52


GO:70727
cellular macromolecule localization
7.49E−52


GO:33365
protein localization to organelle
3.51E−51


GO:71702
organic substance transport
3.13E−50


GO:44265
cellular macromolecule catabolic process
4.07E−50


GO:70062
extracellular vesicular exosome
1.53E−49


GO:43230
extracellular organelle
6.40E−49


GO:65010
extracellular membrane-bounded organelle
6.40E−49


GO:1901360
organic cyclic compound metabolic process
1.66E−48


GO:43234
protein complex
9.14E−47


GO:51179
localization
3.29E−46


GO:6412
translation
3.94E−45


GO:6139
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
6.37E−45


GO:44765
single-organism transport
7.39E−45


GO:6725
cellular aromatic compound metabolic process
1.36E−44


GO:46483
heterocycle metabolic process
2.02E−44


GO:6810
transport
1.09E−43


GO:16023
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle
1.22E−43


GO:51234
establishment of localization
1.39E−43


GO:6950
response to stress
4.03E−43


GO:31410
cytoplasmic vesicle
7.10E−43


GO:3674
molecular_function
1.05E−41


GO:22414
reproductive process
2.79E−41


GO:3
reproduction
4.55E−41


GO:22625
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
6.24E−41


GO:1901564
organonitrogen compound metabolic process
6.68E−40


GO:65008
regulation of biological quality
2.85E−39


GO:8150
biological_process
4.53E−39


GO:3723
RNA binding
1.55E−38


GO:31090
organelle membrane
5.16E−38


GO:44085
cellular component biogenesis
1.31E−37


GO:5739
mitochondrion
4.26E−36


GO:48519
negative regulation of biological process
6.90E−36


GO:50896
response to stimulus
9.53E−36


GO:43170
macromolecule metabolic process
8.41E−35


GO:19538
protein metabolic process
1.33E−34


GO:9058
biosynthetic process
1.60E−34


GO:48518
positive regulation of biological process
1.91E−34


GO:42221
response to chemical stimulus
2.82E−34


GO:6091
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
2.92E−34


GO:6996
organelle organization
7.00E−34


GO:1901576
organic substance biosynthetic process
1.24E−33


GO:44267
cellular protein metabolic process
1.59E−33


GO:22607
cellular component assembly
2.25E−33


GO:22627
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
2.29E−33


GO:10467
gene expression
3.90E−33


GO:48522
positive regulation of cellular process
9.45E−33


GO:48523
negative regulation of cellular process
2.65E−32


GO:44428
nuclear part
4.50E−32


GO:5786
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
5.08E−32


GO:10941
regulation of cell death
1.06E−31


GO:1901135
carbohydrate derivative metabolic process
1.90E−31


GO:43067
regulation of programmed cell death
2.42E−31


GO:42961
regulation of apoptotic process
4.67E−31


GO:65003
macromolecular complex assembly
7.55E−31


GO:8219
cell death
1.01E−30


GO:2478
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen
1.13E−30


GO:16265
death
1.55E−30


GO:5783
endoplasmic reticulum
2.16E−30


GO:19884
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen
2.36E−30


GO:5840
ribosome
4.50E−30


GO:48002
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
4.87E−30


GO:6082
organic acid metabolic process
6.10E−30


GO:15934
large ribosomal subunit
6.56E−30


GO:55114
oxidation-reduction process
6.89E−30


GO:43436
oxoacid metabolic process
1.21E−29


GO:44249
cellular biosynthetic process
1.46E−29


GO:44260
cellular macromolecule metabolic process
1.92E−29


GO:1901565
organonitrogen compound catabolic process
2.57E−29


GO:3735
structural constituent of ribosome
3.22E−29


GO:31981
nuclear lumen
9.80E−29


GO:70887
cellular response to chemical stimulus
1.14E−28


GO:19752
carboxylic acid metabolic process
1.39E−28


GO:16070
RNA metabolic process
2.30E−28


GO:2376
immune system process
3.98E−28


GO:44421
extracellular region part
5.42E−28


GO:51701
interaction with host
1.05E−27


GO:44432
endoplasmic reticulum part
1.06E−27


GO:5856
cytoskeleton
2.82E−27


GO:51246
regulation of protein metabolic process
3.88E−27


GO:55086
nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process
5.77E−27


GO:10033
response to organic substance
8.11E−27


GO:44419
interspecies interaction between organisms
1.16E−26


GO:44403
symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
1.16E−26


GO:48610
cellular process involved in reproduction
1.49E−26


GO:44707
single-multicellular organism process
1.76E−26


GO:15980
energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
1.98E−26


GO:32268
regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
2.06E−26


GO:19048
virus-host interaction
4.98E−26


GO:9117
nucleotide metabolic process
5.91E−26


GO:44429
mitochondrial part
7.15E−26


GO:90304
nucleic acid metabolic process
7.67E−26


GO:6753
nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
1.43E−25


GO:7599
hemostasis
2.09E−25


GO:32501
multicellular organismal process
5.52E−25


GO:65007
biological regulation
6.18E−25


GO:31967
organelle envelope
1.01E−24


GO:16044
cellular membrane organization
1.04E−24


GO:16192
vesicle-mediated transport
1.63E−24


GO:61024
membrane organization
1.97E−24


GO:6521
regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
2.66E−24


GO:2474
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
4.07E−24


GO:1901136
carbohydrate derivative catabolic process
4.47E−24


GO:15935
small ribosomal subunit
4.47E−24


GO:31975
envelope
5.21E−24


GO:50817
coagulation
5.86E−24


GO:7596
blood coagulation
5.86E−24


GO:51128
regulation of cellular component organization
6.44E−24


GO:5634
nucleus
1.10E−23


GO:6457
protein folding
1.64E−23


GO:5759
mitochondrial matrix
2.58E−23


GO:30198
extracellular matrix organization
3.21E−23


GO:43062
extracellular structure organization
3.57E−23


GO:19882
antigen processing and presentation
4.64E−23


GO:42060
wound healing
1.15E−22


GO:50878
regulation of body fluid levels
2.65E−22


GO:12505
endomembrane system
3.32E−22


GO:42802
identical protein binding
3.74E−22


GO:19637
organophosphate metabolic process
4.07E−22


GO:6461
protein complex assembly
4.58E−22


GO:70271
protein complex biogenesis
5.33E−22


GO:33238
regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
1.01E−21


GO:50789
regulation of biological process
1.02E−21


GO:12501
programmed cell death
1.48E−21


GO:51436
negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
1.52E−21


GO:6163
purine nucleotide metabolic process
3.11E−21


GO:10608
posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
3.26E−21


GO:72413
signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
4.50E−21


GO:72431
signal transduction involved in mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint
4.50E−21


GO:6977
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
4.50E−21


GO:72401
signal transduction involved in DNA integrity checkpoint
6.36E−21


GO:72422
signal transduction involved in DNA damage checkpoint
6.36E−21


GO:72521
purine-containing compound metabolic process
6.79E−21


GO:1901657
glycosyl compound metabolic process
7.55E−21


GO:6915
apoptotic process
8.15E−21


GO:51437
positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
8.83E−21


GO:72395
signal transduction involved in cell cycle checkpoint
8.83E−21


GO:30330
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
1.01E−20


GO:51443
positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
1.22E−20


GO:9059
macromolecule biosynthetic process
1.40E−20


GO:46128
purine ribonucleoside metabolic process
1.88E−20


GO:42278
purine nucleoside metabolic process
2.12E−20


GO:9150
purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
2.60E−20


GO:19693
ribose phosphate metabolic process
2.60E−20


GO:6417
regulation of translation
3.49E−20


GO:51351
positive regulation of ligase activity
3.91E−20


GO:51352
negative regulation of ligase activity
4.43E−20


GO:51444
negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
4.43E−20


GO:2479
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-
4.55E−20



dependent


GO:44433
cytoplasmic vesicle part
4.95E−20


GO:72331
signal transduction by p53 class mediator
5.62E−20


GO:51439
regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle
5.98E−20


GO:72523
purine-containing compound catabolic process
7.54E−20


GO:44092
negative regulation of molecular function
7.54E−20


GO:9259
ribonucleotide metabolic process
7.56E−20


GO:19899
enzyme binding
8.81E−20


GO:42590
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
1.05E−19


GO:44783
G1 DNA damage checkpoint
1.08E−19


GO:31571
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint
1.08E−19


GO:9119
ribonucleoside metabolic process
1.19E−19


GO:9611
response to wounding
1.38E−19


GO:6195
purine nucleotide catabolic process
1.86E−19


GO:2000134
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
1.94E−19


GO:9116
nucleoside metabolic process
1.95E−19


GO:6152
purine nucleoside catabolic process
2.05E−19


GO:46130
purine ribonucleoside catabolic process
2.05E−19


GO:36094
small molecule binding
2.44E−19


GO:42770
signal transduction in response to DNA damage
2.61E−19


GO:44430
cytoskeletal part
3.07E−19


GO:42454
ribonucleoside catabolic process
3.11E−19


GO:71944
cell periphery
3.38E−19


GO:43086
negative regulation of catalytic activity
3.86E−19


GO:2576
platelet degranulation
4.41E−19


GO:9164
nucleoside catabolic process
5.11E−19


GO:48856
anatomical structure development
5.49E−19


GO:71158
positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
5.77E−19


GO:1901658
glycosyl compound catabolic process
6.25E−19


GO:50794
regulation of cellular process
6.81E−19


GO:51248
negative regulation of protein metabolic process
1.03E−18


GO:32502
developmental process
1.05E−18


GO:51716
cellular response to stimulus
1.12E−18


GO:9166
nucleotide catabolic process
1.18E−18


GO:9205
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
1.23E−18


GO:32269
negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
1.31E−18


GO:48731
system development
1.36E−18


GO:9154
purine ribonucleotide catabolic process
1.40E−18


GO:32270
positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
1.43E−18


GO:9261
ribonucleotide catabolic process
1.45E−18


GO:43168
anion binding
1.48E−18


GO:9144
purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
1.53E−18


GO:9199
ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
1.59E−18


GO:34645
cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
1.63E−18


GO:1901292
nucleoside phosphate catabolic process
1.64E−18


GO:51438
regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
1.67E−18


GO:44773
mitotic DNA damage checkpoint
2.06E−18


GO:31145
anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic
2.06E−18



process


GO:33554
cellular response to stress
2.39E−18


GO:2000045
regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
3.48E−18


GO:46434
organophosphate catabolic process
3.74E−18


GO:5654
nucleoplasm
3.91E−18


GO:51340
regulation of ligase activity
4.15E−18


GO:43202
lysosomal lumen
4.56E−18


GO:5975
carbohydrate metabolic process
4.84E−18


GO:9141
nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
4.84E−18


GO:6986
response to unfolded protein
5.15E−18


GO:44774
mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint
5.47E−18


GO:35966
response to topologically incorrect protein
6.03E−18


GO:10565
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process
6.03E−18


GO:31397
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
6.34E−18


GO:48471
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
7.05E−18


GO:1901265
nucleoside phosphate binding
8.41E−18


GO:5775
vacuolar lumen
1.45E−17


GO:90
mitotic anaphase
1.55E−17


GO:15629
actin cytoskeleton
1.74E−17


GO:166
nucleotide binding
1.83E−17


GO:31398
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination
1.96E−17


GO:51322
anaphase
2.09E−17


GO:16491
oxidoreductase activity
2.23E−17


GO:9203
ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
2.23E−17


GO:9207
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
2.23E−17


GO:9146
purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
2.51E−17


GO:9143
nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
3.05E−17


GO:45333
cellular respiration
3.05E−17


GO:5886
plasma membrane
3.46E−17


GO:87
M phase of mitotic cell cycle
4.52E−17


GO:44770
cell cycle phase transition
5.24E−17


GO:44772
mitotic cell cycle phase transition
5.24E−17


GO:51247
positive regulation of protein metabolic process
7.30E−17


GO:6458
‘de novo’ protein folding
9.71E−17


GO:7275
multicellular organismal development
1.04E−16


GO:502
proteasome complex
1.42E−16


GO:2000602
regulation of interphase of mitotic cell cycle
1.42E−16


GO:19866
organelle inner membrane
2.10E−16


GO:43161
proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
2.17E−16


GO:31966
mitochondrial membrane
2.20E−16


GO:51259
protein oligomerization
2.85E−16


GO:71156
regulation of cell cycle arrest
3.27E−16


GO:5740
mitochondrial envelope
3.37E−16


GO:10498
proteasomal protein catabolic process
3.39E−16


GO:44271
cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
3.57E−16


GO:30168
platelet activation
3.67E−16


GO:90068
positive regulation of cell cycle process
4.24E−16


GO:279
M phase
5.00E−16


GO:1901362
organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process
6.09E−16


GO:5730
nucleolus
6.44E−16


GO:278
mitotic cell cycle
6.78E−16


GO:6006
glucose metabolic process
8.30E−16


GO:9892
negative regulation of metabolic process
8.50E−16


GO:34654
nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process
1.38E−15


GO:51082
unfolded protein binding
1.60E−15


GO:32879
regulation of localization
1.88E−15


GO:5576
extracellular region
1.92E−15


GO:22402
cell cycle process
2.13E−15


GO:904
cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
2.28E−15


GO:44767
single-organism developmental process
2.78E−15


GO:280
nuclear division
3.26E−15


GO:7067
mitosis
3.26E−15


GO:42803
protein homodimerization activity
3.30E−15


GO:44724
single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process
3.96E−15


GO:44093
positive regulation of molecular function
4.06E−15


GO:209
protein polyubiquitination
4.93E−15


GO:16052
carbohydrate catabolic process
6.89E−15


GO:44723
single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process
7.22E−15


GO:5743
mitochondrial inner membrane
8.83E−15


GO:7049
cell cycle
9.62E−15


GO:51084
‘de novo’ posttranslational protein folding
1.02E−14


GO:71310
cellular response to organic substance
1.02E−14


GO:34622
cellular macromolecular complex assembly
1.23E−14


GO:84
S phase of mitotic cell cycle
1.27E−14


GO:44437
vacuolar part
1.27E−14


GO:5793
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
1.32E−14


GO:19438
aromatic compound biosynthetic process
1.39E−14


GO:31396
regulation of protein ubiquitination
1.50E−14


GO:51320
S phase
1.73E−14


GO:31400
negative regulation of protein modification process
2.26E−14


GO:31324
negative regulation of cellular metabolic process
2.34E−14


GO:5773
vacuole
2.41E−14


GO:30659
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
2.82E−14


GO:48285
organelle fission
3.14E−14


GO:31325
positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
3.16E−14


GO:5615
extracellular space
3.23E−14


GO:6520
cellular amino acid metabolic process
3.96E−14


GO:43167
ion binding
4.35E−14


GO:18130
heterocycle biosynthetic process
5.13E−14


GO:902
cell morphogenesis
6.14E−14


GO:51129
negative regulation of cellular component organization
6.16E−14


GO:31401
positive regulation of protein modification process
6.41E−14


GO:6396
RNA processing
7.17E−14


GO:82
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
7.24E−14


GO:9893
positive regulation of metabolic process
9.47E−14


GO:5764
lysosome
1.27E−13


GO:6928
cellular component movement
1.45E−13


GO:8092
cytoskeletal protein binding
1.49E−13


GO:44259
multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
1.52E−13


GO:8380
RNA splicing
1.52E−13


GO:12506
vesicle membrane
1.60E−13


GO:10605
negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
1.66E−13


GO:323
lytic vacuole
1.84E−13


GO:3729
mRNA binding
1.90E−13


GO:5996
monosaccharide metabolic process
2.03E−13


GO:46364
monosaccharide biosynthetic process
2.19E−13


GO:3779
actin binding
2.20E−13


GO:22617
extracellular matric disassembly
2.28E−13


GO:10035
response to inorganic substance
2.35E−13


GO:31012
extracellular matrix
3.04E−13


GO:377
RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile
3.19E−13


GO:398
mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
3.19E−13


GO:1901991
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
3.52E−13


GO:32963
collagen metabolic process
3.85E−13


GO:7093
mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
3.86E−13


GO:42645
mitochondrial nucleoid
4.70E−13


GO:375
RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions
5.09E−13


GO:16616
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH—OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
5.09E−13


GO:16614
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH—OH group of donors
6.41E−13


GO:9295
nucleoid
6.79E−13


GO:65009
regulation of molecular function
6.89E−13


GO:44236
multicellular organismal metabolic process
6.89E−13


GO:51130
positive regulation of cellular component organization
7.06E−13


GO:19318
hexose metabolic process
7.22E−13


GO:5200
structural constituent of cytosketeton
8.23E−13


GO:16020
membrane
9.24E−13


GO:9653
anatomical structure morphogenesis
9.56E−13


GO:30574
collagen catabolic process
9.67E−13


GO:30029
actin filament-based process
1.05E−12


GO:42175
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network
1.38E−12


GO:43069
negative regulation of programmed cell death
1.49E−12


GO:1775
cell activation
1.75E−12


GO:43254
regulation of protein complex assembly
1.78E−12


GO:77
DNA damage checkpoint
1.92E−12


GO:50790
regulation of catalytic activity
2.00E−12


GO:46983
protein dimerization activity
2.02E−12


GO:32989
cellular component morphogenesis
2.17E−12


GO:17111
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
2.21E−12


GO:42995
cell projection
2.48E−12


GO:46365
monosaccharide catabolic process
2.72E−12


GO:43085
positive regulation of catalytic activity
4.06E−12


GO:5681
spliceosomal complex
4.31E−12


GO:9986
cell surface
4.34E−12


GO:44087
regulation of cellular component biogenesis
4.70E−12


GO:31570
DNA integrity checkpoint
4.80E−12


GO:31399
regulation of protein modification process
5.08E−12


GO:44243
multicellular organismal catabolic process
5.08E−12


GO:16462
pyrophosphatase activity
5.29E−12


GO:51049
regulation of transport
5.76E−12


GO:3824
catalytic activity
6.58E−12


GO:22624
proteasome accessory complex
6.62E−12


GO:18279
protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine
7.02E−12


GO:44420
extracellular matrix part
7.27E−12


GO:5578
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
7.34E−12


GO:32403
protein complex binding
7.34E−12


GO:1901990
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
7.37E−12


GO:7411
axon guidance
7.68E−12


GO:5201
extracellular matrix structural constituent
7.72E−12


GO:18196
peptidyl-asparagine modification
8.21E−12


GO:16818
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
8.29E−12


GO:22613
ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis
8.33E−12


GO:60548
negative regulation of cell death
9.66E−12


GO:32069
regulation of nuclease activity
9.69E−12


GO:19320
hexose catabolic process
1.12E−11


GO:43066
negative regulation of apoptotic process
1.26E−11


GO:6007
glucose catabolic process
1.43E−11


GO:16817
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
1.44E−11


GO:5938
cell cortex
1.62E−11


GO:97159
organic cyclic compound binding
1.62E−11


GO:1901066
guanosine-containing compound metabolic process
1.71E−11


GO:9060
aerobic respiration
1.80E−11


GO:6575
cellular modified amino acid metabolic process
1.85E−11


GO:19886
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
2.16E−11


GO:32787
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
2.19E−11


GO:6397
mRNA processing
2.61E−11


GO:6099
tricarboxylic acid cycle
2.63E−11


GO:48199
vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi
2.68E−11


GO:6987
activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response
2.69E−11


GO:48193
Golgi vesicle transport
2.72E−11


GO:6081
cellular aldehyde metabolic process
3.22E−11


GO:42743
hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
3.22E−11


GO:48858
cell projection morphogenesis
3.36E−11


GO:2495
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
3.39E−11


GO:30030
cell projection organization
3.51E−11


GO:32774
RNA biosynthetic process
3.51E−11


GO:33043
regulation of organelle organization
3.65E−11


GO:32075
positive regulation of nuclease activity
4.14E−11


GO:30968
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
4.25E−11


GO:43603
cellular amide metabolic process
4.27E−11


GO:30154
cell differentiation
4.42E−11


GO:6984
ER-nucleus signaling pathway
4.53E−11


GO:71013
catalytic step 2 spliceosome
4.63E−11


GO:48667
cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation
4.66E−11


GO:1901363
heterocyclic compound binding
4.87E−11


GO:16209
antioxidant activity
5.02E−11


GO:22403
cell cycle phase
5.24E−11


GO:32990
cell part morphogenesis
6.26E−11


GO:5789
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
6.26E−11


GO:5102
receptor binding
6.83E−11


GO:48666
neuron development
7.55E−11


GO:30036
actin cytoskeleton organization
9.08E−11


GO:15630
microtubule cytoskeleton
9.52E−11


GO:6487
protein N-linked glycosylation
1.07E−10


GO:1901700
response to oxygen-containing compound
1.20E−10


GO:72593
reactive oxygen species metabolic process
1.23E−10


GO:7010
cytoskeleton organization
1.23E−10


GO:34620
cellular response to unfolded protein
1.28E−10


GO:51920
peroxiredoxin activity
1.35E−10


GO:48468
cell development
1.42E−10


GO:46039
GTP metabolic process
1.45E−10


GO:6805
xenobiotic metabolic process
1.61E−10


GO:6518
peptide metabolic process
1.67E−10


GO:7409
axonogenesis
1.67E−10


GO:10604
positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
1.75E−10


GO:48583
regulation of response to stimulus
1.78E−10


GO:71466
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
1.78E−10


GO:48869
cellular developmental process
1.86E−10


GO:32386
regulation of intracellular transport
1.87E−10


GO:51329
interphase of mitotic cell cycle
1.87E−10


GO:44712
single-organism catabolic process
1.96E−10


GO:44282
small molecule catabolic process
1.96E−10


GO:6901
vesicle coating
2.16E−10


GO:22008
neurogenesis
2.20E−10


GO:31175
neuron projection development
2.29E−10


GO:51325
interphase
2.35E−10


GO:6793
phosphorus metabolic process
2.44E−10


GO:6732
coenzyme metabolic process
2.51E−10


GO:16787
hydrolase activity
2.72E−10


GO:9410
response to xenobiotic stimulus
3.05E−10


GO:1901069
guanosine-containing compound catabolic process
3.20E−10


GO:42592
homeostatic process
4.46E−10


GO:34614
cellular response to reactive oxygen species
4.84E−10


GO:6790
sulfur compound metabolic process
5.66E−10


GO:16051
carbohydrate biosynthetic process
5.99E−10


GO:6900
membrane budding
6.08E−10


GO:30016
myofibril
6.27E−10


GO:8064
regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization
6.35E−10


GO:30832
regulation of actin filament length
7.03E−10


GO:32970
regulation of actin filament-based process
7.06E−10


GO:48699
generation of neurons
7.12E−10


GO:16050
vesicle organization
8.37E−10


GO:48812
neuron projection morphogenesis
8.77E−10


GO:6094
gluconeogenesis
8.91E−10


GO:35967
cellular response to topologically incorrect protein
8.99E−10


GO:19362
pyridine nucleotide metabolic process
8.99E−10


GO:46496
nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process
8.99E−10


GO:1882
nucleoside binding
9.47E−10


GO:3924
GTPase activity
9.63E−10


GO:45087
innate immune response
1.07E−09


GO:6184
GTP catabolic process
1.25E−09


GO:17076
purine nucleotide binding
1.37E−09


GO:30863
cortical cytoskeleton
1.58E−09


GO:90066
regulation of anatomical structure size
1.60E−09


GO:6446
regulation of translational initiation
1.84E−09


GO:6629
lipid metabolic process
1.85E−09


GO:32555
purine ribonucleotide binding
2.00E−09


GO:43292
contractile fiber
2.05E−09


GO:32940
secretion by cell
2.16E−09


GO:5811
lipid particle
2.16E−09


GO:32550
purine ribonucleoside binding
2.21E−09


GO:19941
modification-dependent protein catabolic process
2.28E−09


GO:6913
nucleocytoplasmic transport
2.29E−09


GO:1883
purine nucleoside binding
2.29E−09


GO:6903
vesicle targeting
2.44E−09


GO:43632
modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process
2.57E−09


GO:32549
ribonucleoside binding
2.76E−09


GO:32535
regulation of cellular component size
2.84E−09


GO:22900
electron transport chain
2.91E−09


GO:51169
nuclear transport
2.93E−09


GO:6749
glutathione metabolic process
3.01E−09


GO:7346
regulation of mitotic cell cycle
3.06E−09


GO:72524
pyridine-containing compound metabolic process
3.06E−09


GO:10564
regulation of cell cycle process
3.17E−09


GO:35639
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding
3.42E−09


GO:40011
locomotion
3.54E−09


GO:42274
ribosomal small subunit biogenesis
3.54E−09


GO:32553
ribonucleotide binding
3.56E−09


GO:6887
exocytosis
3.65E−09


GO:51168
cofactor metabolic process
3.74E−09


GO:9719
response to endogenous stimulus
3.89E−09


GO:23051
regulation of signaling
4.35E−09


GO:52547
regulation of peptidase activity
4.56E−09


GO:6112
energy reserve metabolic process
4.56E−09


GO:42744
hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
4.60E−09


GO:2504
antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
4.67E−09


GO:1901988
negative regulation of cell cycle phase transition
4.68E−09


GO:46903
secretion
4.73E−09


GO:6508
proteolysis
4.83E−09


GO:6511
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
5.14E−09


GO:30833
regulation of actin filament polymerization
5.14E−09


GO:35964
COPI-coated vesicle budding
5.17E−09


GO:48205
COPI coating of Golgi vesicle
5.17E−09


GO:48200
Golgi transport vesicle coating
5.17E−09


GO:5178
integrin binding
5.33E−09


GO:34599
cellular response to oxidative stress
6.28E−09


GO:6979
response to oxidative stress
6.28E−09


GO:70301
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
6.65E−09


GO:46034
ATP metabolic process
6.86E−09


GO:6796
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
7.41E−09


GO:30834
regulation of actin filament depolymerization
7.55E−09


GO:44257
cellular protein catabolic process
7.83E−09


GO:75
cell cycle checkpoint
7.96E−09


GO:42254
ribosome biogenesis
8.31E−09


GO:10646
regulation of cell communication
8.45E−09


GO:30139
endocytic vesicle
8.46E−09


GO:50662
coenzyme binding
8.94E−09


GO:22904
respiratory electron transport chain
9.17E−09


GO:30182
neuron differentiation
9.24E−09


GO:30017
sarcomere
9.24E−09


GO:44700
single organism signaling
9.45E−09


GO:23052
signaling
9.45E−09


GO:7154
cell communication
9.75E−09


GO:48194
Golgi vesicle budding
9.85E−09


GO:34976
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
1.01E−08


GO:32271
regulation of protein polymerization
1.01E−08


GO:44449
contractile fiber part
1.03E−08


GO:1901701
cellular response to oxygen-containing compound
1.12E−08


GO:5635
nuclear envelope
1.16E−08


GO:19319
hexose biosynthetic process
1.22E−08


GO:48513
organ development
1.25E−08


GO:1901987
regulation of cell cycle phase transition
1.32E−08


GO:51603
proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
1.33E−08


GO:7399
nervous system development
1.42E−08


GO:16054
organic acid catabolic process
1.42E−08


GO:46395
carboxylic acid catabolic process
1.42E−08


GO:6200
ATP catabolic process
1.43E−08


GO:31252
cell leading edge
1.43E−08


GO:6733
oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process
1.52E−08


GO:19222
regulation of metabolic process
1.75E−08


GO:9605
response to external stimulus
1.91E−08


GO:10638
positive regulation of organelle organization
1.95E−08


GO:51650
establishment of vesicle localization
2.15E−08


GO:30199
collagen fibril organization
2.15E−08


GO:42542
response to hydrogen peroxide
2.28E−08


GO:48037
cofactor binding
2.29E−08


GO:7044
cell-substrate junction assembly
2.40E−08


GO:44273
sulfur compound catabolic process
2.48E−08


GO:5604
basement membrane
2.51E−08


GO:16684
oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor
2.51E−08


GO:4601
peroxidase activity
2.51E−08


GO:1901137
carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process
2.83E−08


GO:30496
midbody
2.99E−08


GO:30155
regulation of cell adhesion
2.99E−08


GO:32956
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
3.05E−08


GO:42127
regulation of cell proliferation
3.24E−08


GO:51270
regulation of cellular component movement
3.31E−08


GO:6952
defense response
3.56E−08


GO:6897
endocytosis
3.59E−08


GO:3988
acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity
3.65E−08


GO:7165
signal transduction
3.69E−08


GO:30163
protein catabolic process
3.70E−08


GO:51336
regulation of hydrolase activity
3.96E−08


GO:16528
sarcoplasm
3.97E−08


GO:16667
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors
4.02E−08


GO:51693
actin filament capping
4.08E−08


GO:302
response to reactive oxygen species
4.13E−08


GO:22618
ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
4.64E−08


GO:51493
regulation of cytoskeleton organization
4.80E−08


GO:42330
taxis
4.80E−08


GO:6935
chemotaxis
4.80E−08


GO:42641
actomyosin
4.84E−08


GO:6096
glycolysis
5.05E−08


GO:60255
regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
5.40E−08


GO:6739
NADP metabolic process
5.75E−08


GO:1725
stress fiber
5.77E−08


GO:19725
cellular homeostasis
5.78E−08


GO:51726
regulation of cell cycle
6.18E−08


GO:34329
cell junction assembly
6.71E−08


GO:1525
angiogenesis
6.72E−08


GO:6974
response to DNA damage stimulus
7.29E−08


GO:22603
regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis
7.40E−08


GO:10948
negative regulation of cell cycle process
7.42E−08


GO:5832
chaperonin-containing T-complex
7.84E−08


GO:19901
protein kinase binding
8.03E−08


GO:31406
carboxylic acid binding
8.03E−08


GO:6921
cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis
8.10E−08


GO:71826
ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization
8.21E−08


GO:19900
kinase binding
8.36E−08


GO:48029
monosaccharide binding
8.78E−08


GO:5794
Golgi apparatus
9.87E−08


GO:51239
regulation of multicellular organismal process
9.88E−08


GO:50661
NADP binding
9.88E−08


GO:30120
vesicle coat
9.88E−08


GO:60341
regulators of cellular localization
9.95E−08


GO:31333
negative regulation of protein complex assembly
1.06E−07


GO:30662
coated vesicle membrane
1.22E−07


GO:5080
protein kinase C binding
1.25E−07


GO:9888
tissue development
1.27E−07


GO:2001233
regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
1.38E−07


GO:97194
execution phase of apoptosis
1.39E−07


GO:5583
fibrillar collagen
1.47E−07


GO:51235
maintenance of location
1.54E−07


GO:48584
positive regulation of response to stimulus
1.63E−07


GO:51656
establishment of organelle localization
1.66E−07


GO:42383
sarcolemma
1.78E−07


GO:30141
secretory granule
1.78E−07


GO:34330
cell junction organization
1.89E−07


GO:30835
negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization
1.92E−07


GO:52548
regulation of endopeptidase activity
2.21E−07


GO:1726
ruffle
2.27E−07


GO:50793
regulation of developmental process
2.33E−07


GO:15036
disulfide oxidoreductase activity
2.33E−07


GO:80134
regulation of response to stress
2.37E−07


GO:51287
NAD binding
2.50E−07


GO:32432
actin filament bundle
2.54E−07


GO:42026
protein refolding
2.63E−07


GO:48585
negative regulation of response to stimulus
2.63E−07


GO:44448
cell cortex part
2.93E−07


GO:5516
calmodulin binding
2.93E−07


GO:9055
electron carrier activity
2.93E−07


GO:34660
ncRNA metabolic process
3.19E−07


GO:51640
organelle localization
3.40E−07


GO:31589
cell-substrate adhesion
3.47E−07


GO:7015
actin filament organization
3.58E−07


GO:16864
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S—S bonds
3.73E−07


GO:3756
protein disulfide isomerase activity
3.73E−07


GO:9966
regulation of signal transduction
3.76E−07


GO:23057
negative regulation of signaling
4.15E−07


GO:48407
platelet-derived growth factor binding
4.45E−07


GO:44262
cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
4.45E−07


GO:43687
post-translational protein modification
4.60E−07


GO:35556
intracellular signal transduction
4.65E−07


GO:10038
response to metal ion
5.16E−07


GO:60314
regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
5.22E−07


GO:16862
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups
5.22E−07


GO:30490
maturation of SSU-rRNA
5.41E−07


GO:9628
response to abiotic stimulus
5.59E−07


GO:51087
chaperone binding
5.68E−07


GO:10952
positive regulation of peptidase activity
5.74E−07


GO:30137
COPI-coated vesicle
6.86E−07


GO:6740
NADPH regeneration
6.86E−07


GO:16887
ATPase activity
6.95E−07


GO:51260
protein homooligomerization
7.13E−07


GO:18193
peptidyl-amino acid modification
7.13E−07


GO:30126
COPI vesicle coat
7.16E−07


GO:34446
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
8.63E−07


GO:5525
GTP binding
8.65E−07


GO:80090
regulation of primary metabolic process
8.86E−07


GO:6027
glycosaminoglycan catabolic process
8.91E−07


GO:97458
neuron part
9.20E−07


GO:16860
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
9.23E−07


GO:9968
negative regulation of signal transduction
9.28E−07


GO:1568
blood vessel development
9.58E−07


GO:30663
COPI-coated vesicle membrane
9.68E−07


GO:5509
calcium ion binding
1.16E−06


GO:5874
microtubule
1.17E−06


GO:10648
negative regulation of cell communication
1.19E−06


GO:10942
positive regulation of cell death
1.21E−06


GO:46930
pore complex
1.35E−06


GO:51291
protein heterooligomerization
1.35E−06


GO:32561
guanyl ribonucleotide binding
1.38E−06


GO:1901698
response to nitrogen compound
1.39E−06


GO:30334
regulation of cell migration
1.48E−06


GO:44255
cellular lipid metabolic process
1.57E−06


GO:43122
regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
1.57E−06


GO:31347
regulation of defense response
1.59E−06


GO:19001
guanyl nucleotide binding
1.64E−06


GO:16408
C-acyltransferase activity
1.66E−06


GO:33119
negative regulation of RNA splicing
1.66E−06


GO:5581
collagen
1.73E−06


GO:60205
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
1.78E−06


GO:6909
phagocytosis
1.81E−06


GO:7160
cell-matrix adhesion
1.86E−06


GO:8022
protein C-terminus binding
1.86E−06


GO:51262
protein tetramerization
1.89E−06


GO:31983
vesicle lumen
2.03E−06


GO:31323
regulation of cellular metabolic process
2.08E−06


GO:42255
ribosome assembly
2.21E−06


GO:32154
cleavage furrow
2.42E−06


GO:15949
nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion
2.42E−06


GO:30135
coated vesicle
2.54E−06


GO:10243
response to organic nitrogen
2.61E−06


GO:44711
single-organism biosynthetic process
2.79E−06


GO:3697
single-stranded DNA binding
2.79E−06


GO:72359
circulatory system development
2.80E−06


GO:72358
cardiovascular system development
2.80E−06


GO:32272
negative regulation of protein polymerization
2.93E−06


GO:30554
adenyl nucleotide binding
3.00E−06


GO:8544
epidermis development
3.03E−06


GO:6955
immune response
3.14E−06


GO:51168
nuclear export
3.14E−06


GO:1944
vasculature development
3.18E−06


GO:51236
establisment of RNA localization
3.39E−06


GO:50657
nucleic acid transport
3.39E−06


GO:50658
RNA transport
3.39E−06


GO:17148
negative regulation of translation
3.43E−06


GO:2000145
regulation of cell motility
3.48E−06


GO:30837
negative regulation of actin filament polymerization
3.49E−06


GO:1901028
regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
3.60E−06


GO:6364
rRNA processing
3.68E−06


GO:22610
biological adhesion
3.69E−06


GO:43005
neuron projection
3.85E−06


GO:30660
Golgi-associated vesicle membrane
3.89E−06


GO:22604
regulation of cell morphogenesis
3.94E−06


GO:44283
small molecule biosynthetic process
4.02E−06


GO:44459
plasma membrane part
4.04E−06


GO:51050
positive regulation of transport
4.15E−06


GO:72522
purine-containing compound biosynthetic process
4.17E−06


GO:5798
Golgi-associated vesicle
4.18E−06


GO:51289
protein homotetramerization
4.22E−06


GO:16567
protein ubiquitination
4.25E−06


GO:45859
regulation of protein kinase activity
4.28E−06


GO:30666
endocytic vesicle membrane
4.62E−06


GO:32559
adenyl ribonucleotide binding
4.67E−06


GO:51648
vesicle localization
4.71E−06


GO:19843
rRNA binding
4.92E−06


GO:4857
enzyme inhibitor activity
5.22E−06


GO:10821
regulation of mitochondrion organization
5.33E−06


GO:43244
regulation of protein complex disassembly
5.65E−06


GO:40012
regulation of locomotion
5.65E−06


GO:6403
RNA localization
5.96E−06


GO:16651
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
5.96E−06


GO:30512
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
5.96E−06


GO:6026
aminoglycan catabolic process
5.96E−06


GO:9100
glycoprotein metabolic process
6.14E−06


GO:5518
collagen binding
6.20E−06


GO:42340
keratan sulfate catabolic process
6.42E−06


GO:8143
poly(A) RNA binding
6.42E−06


GO:2682
regulation of immune system process
6.54E−06


GO:32153
cell division site
6.85E−06


GO:32155
cell division site part
6.85E−06


GO:8238
exopeptidase activity
6.90E−06


GO:48514
blood vessel morphogenesis
7.01E−06


GO:70647
protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
7.09E−06


GO:43549
regulation of kinase activity
7.11E−06


GO:16072
rRNA metabolic process
7.30E−06


GO:61134
peptidase regulator activity
7.39E−06


GO:5905
coated pit
7.39E−06


GO:16053
organic acid biosynthetic process
7.93E−06


GO:46394
carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
7.93E−06


GO:7155
cell adhesion
7.99E−06


GO:31093
platelet alpha granule lumen
7.99E−06


GO:1901879
regulation of protein depolymerization
8.23E−06


GO:6098
pentose-phosphate shunt
8.47E−06


GO:6890
retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER
8.47E−06


GO:10822
positive regulation of mitochondrion organization
9.36E−06


GO:4364
glutathione transferase activity
9.36E−06


GO:10627
regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
9.58E−06


GO:15035
protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
9.78E−06


GO:43206
extracellular fibril organization
9.99E−06


GO:97435
fibril organization
9.99E−06


GO:48025
negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
9.99E−06


GO:43065
positive regulation of apoptotic process
1.01E−05


GO:6892
post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
1.01E−05


GO:5782
peroxisomal matrix
1.03E−05


GO:31907
microbody lumen
1.03E−05


GO:6937
regulation of muscle contraction
1.04E−05


GO:44242
cellular lipid catabolic process
1.07E−05


GO:19003
GDP binding
1.08E−05


GO:6144
purine nucleobase metabolic process
1.08E−05


GO:16529
sarcoplasmic reticulum
1.10E−05


GO:9112
nucleobase metabolic process
1.12E−05


GO:70848
response to growth factor stimulus
1.19E−05


GO:43068
positive regulation of programmed cell death
1.32E−05


GO:51338
regulation of transferase activity
1.34E−05


GO:16835
carbon-oxygen lyase activity
1.36E−05


GO:19838
growth factor binding
1.38E−05


GO:5524
ATP binding
1.41E−05


GO:10880
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
1.44E−05


GO:1900739
regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling
1.44E−05



pathway


GO:1900740
positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic
1.44E−05



signaling pathway


GO:9165
nucleotide biosynthetic process
1.44E−05


GO:30864
cortical actin cytoskeleton
1.45E−05


GO:42451
purine nucleoside biosynthetic process
1.47E−05


GO:46129
purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
1.47E−05


GO:2000116
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
1.50E−05


GO:32446
protein modification by small protein conjugation
1.50E−05


GO:15931
nucleobase-containing compound transport
1.52E−05


GO:14070
response to organic cyclic compound
1.54E−05


GO:55117
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
1.56E−05


GO:70925
organelle assembly
1.57E−05


GO:90101
negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
1.64E−05


GO:28
ribosomal small subunit assembly
1.71E−05


GO:462
maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
1.71E−05


GO:4032
alditol: NADP + 1-oxidoreductase activity
1.71E−05


GO:19322
pentose biosynthetic process
1.71E−05


GO:51345
positive regulation of hydrolase activity
1.72E−05


GO:8284
positive regulation of cell proliferation
1.80E−05


GO:5885
Arp2/3 protein complex
1.83E−05


GO:45785
positive regulation of cell adhesion
1.90E−05


GO:60627
regulation of vesicle-mediated transport
1.97E−05


GO:6164
purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
2.03E−05


GO:32880
regulation of protein localization
2.14E−05


GO:9068
aspartate family amino acid catabolic process
2.15E−05


GO:70717
poly-purine tract binding
2.15E−05


GO:50686
negative regulation of mRNA processing
2.15E−05


GO:70482
response to oxygen levels
2.19E−05


GO:71103
DNA conformation change
2.28E−05


GO:1901293
nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process
2.30E−05


GO:70993
translation preinitiation complex
2.31E−05


GO:33290
eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex
2.31E−05


GO:16282
eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex
2.31E−05


GO:31968
organelle outer membrane
2.49E−05


GO:8135
translation factor activity, nucleic acid binding
2.49E−05


GO:1901019
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
2.51E−05


GO:5766
endosome
2.58E−05


GO:6416
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
2.64E−05


GO:43648
dicarboxylic acid metabolic process
2.68E−05


GO:90288
negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus
2.68E−05


GO:9152
purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
2.77E−05


GO:43623
cellular protein complex assembly
2.83E−05


GO:46390
ribose phosphate biosynthetic process
2.87E−05


GO:35337
fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
2.90E−05


GO:1731
formation of translation preinitiation complex
2.90E−05


GO:8379
thioredoxin peroxidase activity
3.01E−05


GO:35583
sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix
3.01E−05


GO:19682
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process
3.01E−05


GO:42776
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
3.01E−05


GO:3012
muscle system process
3.07E−05


GO:60249
anatomical structure homeostasis
3.15E−05


GO:43281
regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
3.22E−05


GO:44548
S100 protein binding
3.25E−05


GO:45727
positive regulation of translation
3.33E−05


GO:51592
response to calcium ion
3.37E−05


GO:19904
protein domain specific binding
3.37E−05


GO:32388
positive regulation of intracellular transport
3.37E−05


GO:55072
iron ion homeostasis
3.66E−05


GO:30100
regulation of endocytosis
3.70E−05


GO:34504
protein localization to nucleus
3.91E−05


GO:31091
platelet alpha granule
4.11E−05


GO:35338
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
4.15E−05


GO:72350
tricarboxylic acid metabolic process
4.15E−05


GO:1901566
organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process
4.15E−05


GO:51170
nuclear import
4.18E−05


GO:5815
microtubule organizing center
4.29E−05


GO:43039
tRNA aminoacylation
4.29E−05


GO:43038
amino acid activation
4.29E−05


GO:16197
endosomal transport
4.29E−05


GO:2001242
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
4.39E−05


GO:71363
cellular response to growth factor stimulus
4.39E−05


GO:4177
aminopeptidase activity
4.49E−05


GO:3727
single-stranded RNA binding
4.61E−05


GO:51301
cell division
4.94E−05


GO:16853
isomerase activity
4.96E−05


GO:6942
regulation of striated muscle contraction
4.96E−05


GO:3008
system process
4.96E−05


GO:34774
secretory granule lumen
5.19E−05


GO:55082
cellular chemical homeostasis
5.23E−05


GO:72329
monocarboxylic acid catabolic process
5.27E−05


GO:10562
positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
5.46E−05


GO:45937
positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process
5.46E−05


GO:1666
response to hypoxia
5.46E−05


GO:19798
procollagen-proline dioxygenase activity
5.54E−05


GO:60316
positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
5.56E−05


GO:6554
lysine catabolic process
5.56E−05


GO:6553
lysine metabolic process
5.56E−05


GO:44438
microbody part
5.69E−05


GO:44439
peroxisomal part
5.69E−05


GO:90257
regulation of muscle system process
5.72E−05


GO:5643
nuclear pore
5.72E−05


GO:5813
centrosome
5.72E−05


GO:35383
thioester metabolic process
5.96E−05


GO:6637
acyl-CoA metabolic process
5.96E−05


GO:17015
regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
6.01E−05


GO:19867
outer membrane
6.10E−05


GO:1901185
negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway
6.19E−05


GO:42059
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
6.19E−05


GO:42579
microbody
6.23E−05


GO:5777
peroxisome
6.23E−05


GO:36293
response to decreased oxygen levels
6.28E−05


GO:44431
Golgi apparatus part
6.34E−05


GO:35384
thioester biosynthetic process
6.39E−05


GO:71616
acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
6.39E−05


GO:43021
ribonucleoprotein complex binding
6.50E−05


GO:6611
protein export from nucleus
7.10E−05


GO:2001257
regulation of cation channel activity
7.10E−05


GO:43123
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
7.13E−05


GO:30133
transport vesicle
7.36E−05


GO:6334
nucleosome assembly
7.54E−05


GO:34399
nuclear periphery
7.92E−05


GO:51271
negative regulation of cellular component movement
7.98E−05


GO:50840
extracellular matrix binding
8.01E−05


GO:51028
mRNA transport
8.47E−05


GO:90287
regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus
8.47E−05


GO:70402
NADPH binding
8.84E−05


GO:60315
negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
8.84E−05


GO:4029
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity
8.84E−05


GO:16042
lipid catabolic process
8.84E−05


GO:7052
mitotic spindle organization
9.18E−05


GO:31941
filamentous actin
9.18E−05


GO:9260
ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
9.27E−05


GO:10881
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
9.32E−05


GO:90114
COPII-coated vesicle budding
9.32E−05


GO:48208
COPII vesicle coating
9.32E−05


GO:48207
vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi
9.32E−05


GO:46949
fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
9.32E−05


GO:42325
regulation of phosphorylation
9.46E−05


GO:10811
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
9.72E−05


GO:70201
regulation of establishment of protein localization
9.72E−05


GO:51051
negative regulation of transport
9.81E−05


GO:1901880
negative regulation of protein depolymerization
9.83E−05


GO:33674
positive regulation of kinase activity
9.87E−05


GO:50900
leukocyte migration
1.01E−04


GO:2001056
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
1.02E−04


GO:16477
cell migration
1.03E−04


GO:17038
protein import
1.03E−04


GO:9051
pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
1.08E−04


GO:43259
laminin-10 complex
1.08E−04


GO:3985
acetly-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity
1.08E−04


GO:30388
fructose 1,6-biphosphate metabolic process
1.08E−04


GO:42455
ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
1.09E−04


GO:31334
positive regulation of protein complex assembly
1.09E−04


GO:45454
cell redox homeostasis
1.10E−04


GO:6450
regulation of translational fidelity
1.18E−04


GO:31543
peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
1.18E−04


GO:55080
cation homeostasis
1.19E−04


GO:48306
calcium-dependent protein binding
1.20E−04


GO:45860
positive regulation of protein kinase activity
1.22E−04


GO:30246
carbohydrate binding
1.25E−04


GO:33764
steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH—OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
1.27E−04


GO:51347
positive regulation of transferase activity
1.31E−04


GO:70208
protein heterotrimerization
1.32E−04


GO:51238
sequestering of metal ion
1.32E−04


GO:1934
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
1.32E−04


GO:43242
negative regulation of protein complex disassembly
1.32E−04


GO:10522
regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
1.32E−04


GO:9066
aspartate family amino acid metabolic process
1.33E−04


GO:33143
regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
1.33E−04


GO:44440
endosomal part
1.35E−04


GO:4812
aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
1.37E−04


GO:2000026
regulation of multicellular organismal development
1.39E−04


GO:1932
regulation of protein phosphorylation
1.43E−04


GO:35336
long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
1.48E−04


GO:51279
regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
1.51E−04


GO:3746
translation elongation factor activity
1.51E−04


GO:16875
ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds
1.54E−04


GO:16876
ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds
1.54E−04


GO:31497
chromatin assembly
1.55E−04


GO:10950
positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
1.58E−04


GO:32993
protein-DNA complex
1.58E−04


GO:10951
negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
1.65E−04


GO:71495
cellular response to endogenous stimulus
1.68E−04


GO:44744
protein targeting to nucleus
1.68E−04


GO:6606
protein import into nucleus
1.68E−04


GO:44427
chromosomal part
1.70E−04


GO:9163
nucleoside biosynthetic process
1.71E−04


GO:1901659
glycosyl compound biosynthetic process
1.71E−04


GO:6448
regulation of translational elongation
1.72E−04


GO:30003
cellular cation homeostasis
1.75E−04


GO:90092
regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
1.78E−04


GO:10810
regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
1.79E−04


GO:42176
regulation of protein catabolic process
1.83E−04


GO:6936
muscle contraction
1.83E−04


GO:75733
intracellular transport of viral material
1.83E−04


GO:910
cytokinesis
1.89E−04


GO:1900026
positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
1.90E−04


GO:9063
cellular amino acid catabolic process
1.90E−04


GO:50764
regulation of phagocytosis
1.92E−04


GO:6641
triglyceride metabolic process
1.94E−04


GO:48878
chemical homeostasis
1.94E−04


GO:16229
steroid dehydrogenase activity
1.99E−04


GO:6839
mitochondrial transport
2.00E−04


GO:2252
immune effector process
2.01E−04


GO:5544
calcium-dependent phospholipid binding
2.07E−04


GO:42327
positive regulation of phosphorylation
2.08E−04


GO:9167
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
2.10E−04


GO:6635
fatty acid beta-oxidation
2.10E−04


GO:31253
cell projection membrane
2.11E−04


GO:44463
cell projection part
2.15E−04


GO:19321
pentose metabolic process
2.25E−04


GO:5844
polysome
2.30E−04


GO:9126
purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
2.35E−04


GO:30054
cell junction
2.37E−04


GO:34728
nucleosome organization
2.39E−04


GO:16836
hydro-lyase activity
2.41E−04


GO:30162
regulation of proteolysis
2.41E−04


GO:30117
membrane coat
2.42E−04


GO:48475
coated membrane
2.42E−04


GO:16453
C-acetyltransferase activity
2.47E−04


GO:70934
CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization
2.47E−04


GO:10649
regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
2.47E−04


GO:71692
protein localization to extracellular region
2.47E−04


GO:71694
maintenance of protein location in extracellular region
2.47E−04


GO:48027
mRNA 5′-UTR binding
2.47E−04


GO:2000425
regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
2.47E−04


GO:3724
RNA helicase activity
2.62E−04


GO:19371
cyclooxygenase pathway
2.62E−04


GO:42178
xenobiotic catabolic process
2.62E−04


GO:30207
chondroitin sulfate catabolic process
2.62E−04


GO:5606
laminin-1 complex
2.62E−04


GO:10466
negative regulation of peptidase activity
2.62E−04


GO:8016
regulation of heart contraction
2.70E−04


GO:6405
RNA export from nucleus
2.70E−04


GO:30838
positive regulation of actin filament polymerization
2.70E−04


GO:10882
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
2.71E−04


GO:5753
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
2.71E−04


GO:42623
ATPase activity, coupled
2.71E−04


GO:43280
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
2.83E−04


GO:9967
positive regulation of signal transduction
2.83E−04


GO:1101
response to acid
2.83E−04


GO:18149
peptide cross-linking
2.87E−04


GO:90407
organophosphate biosynthetic process
2.88E−04


GO:51651
maintenance of location in cell
2.94E−04


GO:9206
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
2.96E−04


GO:16765
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups
3.00E−04


GO:6639
acylglycerol metabolic process
3.00E−04


GO:9145
purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
3.18E−04


GO:6873
cellular ion homeostasis
3.21E−04


GO:6638
neutral lipid metabolic process
3.42E−04


GO:9062
fatty acid catabolic process
3.49E−04


GO:71451
cellular response to superoxide
3.53E−04


GO:32964
collagen biosynthetic process
3.53E−04


GO:19430
removal of superoxide radicals
3.53E−04


GO:3857
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
3.53E−04


GO:8106
alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
3.53E−04


GO:30934
anchoring collagen
3.53E−04


GO:5694
chromosome
3.65E−04


GO:6879
cellular iron ion homeostasis
3.66E−04


GO:45185
maintenance of protein location
3.66E−04


GO:86
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
3.85E−04


GO:16504
peptidase activator activity
3.87E−04


GO:6754
ATP biosynthetic process
3.89E−04


GO:33118
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
3.90E−04


GO:19773
proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
3.90E−04


GO:5741
mitochondrial outer membrance
3.99E−04


GO:9101
glycoprotein biosynthetic process
4.15E−04


GO:48646
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
4.26E−04


GO:97367
carbohydrate derivative binding
4.28E−04


GO:6399
tRNA metabolic process
4.34E−04


GO:6662
glycerol ether metabolic process
4.39E−04


GO:6333
chromatin assembly or disassembly
4.43E−04


GO:23056
positive regulation of signaling
4.48E−04


GO:22898
regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
4.49E−04


GO:51495
positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization
4.52E−04


GO:34470
ncRNA processing
4.63E−04


GO:50690
regulation of defense response to virus by virus
4.63E−04


GO:35581
sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor
4.63E−04


GO:71437
invadopodium
4.63E−04


GO:16508
long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
4.63E−04


GO:70937
CRD-mediated mRNA stability complex
4.63E−04


GO:30235
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity
4.63E−04


GO:31581
hemidesmosome assembly
4.63E−04


GO:2001258
negative regulation of cation channel activity
4.63E−04


GO:46185
aldehyde catabolic process
4.63E−04


GO:70003
threonine-type peptidase activity
4.68E−04


GO:4298
threonine-type endopeptidase activity
4.68E−04


GO:10647
positive regulation of cell communication
4.73E−04


GO:9201
ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
4.75E−04


GO:6888
ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
4.75E−04


GO:139
Golgi membrane
4.84E−04


GO:6631
fatty acid metabolic process
4.86E−04


GO:32411
positive regulation of transporter activity
4.89E−04


GO:5774
vacuolar membrane
4.94E−04


GO:8283
cell proliferation
4.94E−04


GO:65004
protein-DNA complex assembly
4.97E−04


GO:5819
spindle
5.04E−04


GO:55037
recycling endosome
5.10E−04


GO:51272
positive regulation of cellular component movement
5.20E−04


GO:51674
localization of cell
5.21E−04


GO:50801
ion homeostasis
5.21E−04


GO:48870
cell motility
5.21E−04


GO:30203
glycosaminoglycan metabolic process
5.21E−04


GO:97190
apoptotic signaling pathway
5.24E−04


GO:43200
response to amino acid stimulus
5.37E−04


GO:43531
ADP binding
5.38E−04


GO:33144
negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
5.38E−04


GO:9897
external side of plasma membrane
5.43E−04


GO:97193
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
5.46E−04


GO:1900117
regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
5.63E−04


GO:30658
transport vesicle membrane
5.75E−04


GO:8290
F-actin capping protein complex
5.93E−04


GO:8250
oligosaccharyltransferase complex
5.93E−04


GO:1900024
regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
5.93E−04


GO:1901020
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
5.93E−04


GO:51131
chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
5.93E−04


GO:42288
MHC class I protein binding
5.93E−04


GO:7051
spindle organization
6.10E−04


GO:9725
response to hormone stimulus
6.14E−04


GO:44766
multi-organism transport
6.28E−04


GO:72512
trivalent inorganic cation transport
6.28E−04


GO:33572
transferrin transport
6.28E−04


GO:15682
ferric iron transport
6.28E−04


GO:16655
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
6.34E−04


GO:16829
lyase activity
6.38E−04


GO:6308
DNA catabolic process
6.84E−04


GO:43022
ribosome binding
6.86E−04


GO:50776
regulation of immune response
7.10E−04


GO:10639
negative regulation of organelle organization
7.12E−04


GO:43413
macromolecule glycosylation
7.19E−04


GO:6466
protein glycosylation
7.19E−04


GO:5839
proteasome core complex
7.27E−04


GO:5852
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex
7.27E−04


GO:30866
cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
7.31E−04


GO:786
nucleosome
7.32E−04


GO:2161
aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity
7.53E−04


GO:70419
nonhomologous end joining complex
7.61E−04


GO:8429
phosphatidylethanolamine binding
7.61E−04


GO:5589
collagen type VI
7.61E−04


GO:6101
citrate metabolic process
7.61E−04


GO:15037
peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity
7.61E−04


GO:43488
regulation of mRNA stability
7.62E−04


GO:9142
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
7.77E−04


GO:32273
positive regulation of protein polymerization
7.84E−04


GO:2684
positive regulation of immune system process
7.87E−04


GO:10008
endosome membrane
8.26E−04


GO:45807
positive regulation of endocytosis
8.26E−04


GO:1937
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
8.44E−04


GO:42339
keratan sulfate metabolic process
8.44E−04


GO:45121
membrane raft
8.48E−04


GO:10563
negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
8.73E−04


GO:45936
negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process
8.73E−04


GO:32409
regulation of transposer activity
8.76E−04


GO:9108
coenzyme biosynthetic process
8.76E−04


GO:2253
activation of immune response
8.78E−04


GO:30336
negative regulation of cell migration
8.79E−04


GO:6875
cellular metal ion homeostasis
9.06E−04


GO:40013
negative regulation of locomotion
9.14E−04


GO:33673
negative regulation of kinase activity
9.18E−04


GO:51924
regulation of calcium ion transport
9.20E−04


GO:30705
cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
9.26E−04


GO:43256
laminin complex
9.32E−04


GO:19471
4-hydroxyproline metabolic process
9.32E−04


GO:1901021
positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity
9.32E−04


GO:42273
ribosomal large subunit biogenesis
9.32E−04


GO:6103
2-oxoglutarate metabolic process
9.32E−04


GO:7009
plasma membrane organization
9.57E−04


GO:51099
positive regulation of binding
9.80E−04


GO:2000146
negative regulation of cell motility
1.01E−03


GO:44325
ion channel binding
1.01E−03


GO:1901605
alpha-amino acid metabolic process
1.03E−03


GO:44070
regulation of anion transport
1.04E−03


GO:70085
glycosylation
1.06E−03


GO:6022
aminoglycan metabolic process
1.08E−03


GO:5884
actin filament
1.09E−03


GO:10740
positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade
1.10E−03


GO:70206
protein trimerization
1.11E−03


GO:31418
L-ascorbic acid binding
1.11E−03


GO:30865
cortical cytoskeleton organization
1.11E−03


GO:5911
cell-cell junction
1.13E−03


GO:42493
response to drug
1.13E−03


GO:18904
ether metabolic process
1.14E−03


GO:45022
early endosome to late endosome transport
1.15E−03


GO:5836
proteasome regulatory particle
1.15E−03


GO:5853
eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex
1.15E−03


GO:43024
ribosomal small subunit binding
1.15E−03


GO:44597
daunorubicin metabolic process
1.15E−03


GO:44598
doxorubicin metabolic process
1.15E−03


GO:44183
protein binding involved in protein folding
1.15E−03


GO:51016
barbed-end actin filament capping
1.15E−03


GO:30647
aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process
1.15E−03


GO:4300
enoyl-CoA hydratase activity
1.15E−03


GO:75713
establishment of integrated proviral latency
1.15E−03


GO:15266
porin activity
1.15E−03


GO:46487
glyoxylate metabolic process
1.15E−03


GO:51015
actin filament binding
1.16E−03


GO:43484
regulation of RNA splicing
1.17E−03


GO:4866
endopeptidase inhibitor activity
1.20E−03


GO:71824
protein-DNA complex subunit organization
1.20E−03


GO:10975
regulation of neuron projection development
1.21E−03


GO:19897
extrinsic to plasma membrane
1.22E−03


GO:35637
multicellular organsimal signaling
1.22E−03


GO:61136
regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
1.23E−03


GO:19903
protein phosphatase binding
1.23E−03


GO:8144
drug binding
1.23E−03


GO:61383
trabecula morphogenesis
1.24E−03


GO:33017
sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
1.25E−03


GO:5605
basal lamina
1.25E−03


GO:50688
regulation of defense response to virus
1.25E−03


GO:42058
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
1.25E−03


GO:16705
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation of reduction of molecular
1.27E−03



oxygen


GO:31344
regulation of cell projection organization
1.28E−03


GO:52632
citrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity
1.30E−03


GO:52633
isocitrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) activity
1.30E−03


GO:70288
ferritin complex
1.30E−03


GO:461
endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3′-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA,
1.30E−03



LSU-rRNA)


GO:35613
RNA stem-loop binding
1.30E−03


GO:17098
sulfonylurea receptor binding
1.30E−03


GO:2135
CTP binding
1.30E−03


GO:2580
regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC
1.30E−03



class II


GO:10501
RNA secondary structure unwinding
1.30E−03


GO:1901844
regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction
1.30E−03


GO:5584
collagen type I
1.30E−03


GO:5999
xylulose biosynthetic process
1.30E−03


GO:6097
glyoxylate cycle
1.30E−03


GO:5642
annulate lamellae
1.30E−03


GO:6880
intracellular sequestering of iron ion
1.30E−03


GO:2001135
regulation of endocytic recycling
1.30E−03


GO:2001137
positive regulation of endocytic recycling
1.30E−03


GO:31372
UBC13-MMS2 complex
1.30E−03


GO:8043
intracellular ferritin complex
1.30E−03


GO:43524
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
1.32E−03


GO:1901184
regulation of ERBB signaling pathway
1.33E−03


GO:50778
positive regulation of immune response
1.35E−03


GO:43487
regulation of RNA stability
1.35E−03


GO:9063
branched-chain amino acid catabolic process
1.36E−03


GO:4033
aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity
1.36E−03


GO:44297
cell body
1.36E−03


GO:61135
endopeptidase regulator activity
1.37E−03


GO:43588
skin development
1.44E−03


GO:31674
I band
1.45E−03


GO:5765
lysosomal membrane
1.45E−03


GO:8202
steroid metabolic process
1.46E−03


GO:6469
negative regulation of protein kinase activity
1.46E−03


GO:2831
regulation of response to biotic stimulus
1.46E−03


GO:15662
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, phosphorylative mechanism
1.47E−03


GO:6323
DNA packaging
1.51E−03


GO:7229
integrin-mediated signaling pathway
1.51E−03


GO:55065
metal ion homeostasis
1.54E−03


GO:32412
regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
1.55E−03


GO:30027
lamellipodium
1.57E−03


GO:9890
negative regulation of biosynthetic process
1.59E−03


GO:43171
peptide catabolic process
1.63E−03


GO:33018
sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
1.63E−03


GO:50786
RAGE receptor binding
1.63E−03


GO:303
response to superoxide
1.63E−03


GO:1516
prostaglandin biosynthetic process
1.63E−03


GO:46457
prostanoid biosynthetic process
1.63E−03


GO:97202
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
1.65E−03


GO:32508
DNA duplex unwinding
1.65E−03


GO:16620
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as
1.65E−03



acceptor


GO:6767
water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
1.65E−03


GO:70161
anchoring junction
1.66E−03


GO:45595
regulation of cell differentiation
1.66E−03


GO:51348
negative regulation of transferase activity
1.68E−03


GO:9615
response to virus
1.68E−03


GO:30414
peptidase inhibitor activity
1.69E−03


GO:34097
response to cytokine stimulus
1.72E−03


GO:785
chromatin
1.73E−03


GO:31256
leading edge membrane
1.74E−03


GO:32414
positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
1.76E−03


GO:45259
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
1.76E−03


GO:71705
nitrogen compound transport
1.77E−03


GO:19395
fatty acid oxdation
1.77E−03


GO:31547
regulation of protein stability
1.81E−03


GO:32392
DNA geometric change
1.85E−03


GO:7162
negative regulation of cell adhesion
1.85E−03


GO:34440
lipid oxidation
1.90E−03


GO:8015
blood circulation
1.91E−03


GO:30506
ankyrin binding
1.93E−03


GO:7517
muscle organ development
1.96E−03


GO:30262
apoptotic nuclear changes
1.97E−03


GO:7568
aging
2.02E−03


GO:10959
regulation of metal ion transport
2.05E−03


GO:1901215
negative regulation of neuron death
2.07E−03


GO:3013
circulatory system process
2.07E−03


GO:16903
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
2.07E−03


GO:33293
monocarboxylic acid binding
2.08E−03


GO:16597
amino acid binding
2.16E−03


GO:42277
peptide binding
2.17E−03


GO:38127
ERBB signaling pathway
2.17E−03


GO:34332
adherens junction organization
2.18E−03


GO:8233
peptidase activity
2.18E−03


GO:8289
lipid binding
2.18E−03


GO:34333
adherens junction assembly
2.20E−03


GO:48024
regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
2.20E−03


GO:15985
energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient
2.20E−03


GO:15986
ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
2.20E−03


GO:16417
S-acyltransferase activity
2.21E−03


GO:10592
positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly
2.21E−03


GO:19043
establishment of viral latency
2.21E−03


GO:6011
UDP-glucose metabolic process
2.21E−03


GO:5652
nuclear lamina
2.21E−03


GO:8091
spectrin
2.21E−03


GO:50684
regulation of mRNA processing
2.25E−03


GO:34080
CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly at centromere
2.26E−03


GO:34724
DNA replication-independent nucleosome organization
2.26E−03


GO:34308
primary alcohol metabolic process
2.26E−03


GO:6336
DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly
2.26E−03


GO:32413
negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
2.26E−03


GO:18208
peptidyl-proline modification
2.30E−03


GO:19898
extrinsic to membrane
2.32E−03


GO:61061
muscle structure development
2.33E−03


GO:2433
immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
2.41E−03


GO:38094
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway
2.41E−03


GO:38096
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis
2.41E−03


GO:30018
Z disc
2.42E−03


GO:47485
protein N-terminus bindng
2.43E−03


GO:6766
vitamin metabolic process
2.43E−03


GO:16363
nuclear matrix
2.43E−03


GO:6090
pyruvate metabolic process
2.43E−03


GO:5912
adherens junction
2.43E−03


GO:30335
positive regulation of cell migration
2.51E−03


GO:51494
negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization
2.57E−03


GO:33218
amide binding
2.60E−03


GO:2431
Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
2.60E−03


GO:4003
ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
2.63E−03


GO:2001259
positive regulation of cation channel activity
2.64E−03


GO:42326
negative regulation of phosphorylation
2.65E−03


GO:45806
negative regulation of endocytosis
2.70E−03


GO:10769
regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
2.72E−03


GO:10720
positive regulation of cell development
2.72E−03


GO:70011
peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides
2.76E−03


GO:19226
transmission of nerve impulse
2.77E−03


GO:9161
ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
2.79E−03


GO:71229
cellular response to acid
2.79E−03


GO:48678
response to axon injury
2.79E−03


GO:32434
regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
2.79E−03


GO:43523
regulation of neuron apoptotic process
2.80E−03


GO:71230
cellular response to amino acid stimulus
2.84E−03


GO:38093
Fc receptor signaling pathway
2.90E−03


GO:43295
glutathione binding
2.90E−03


GO:51409
response to nitrosative stress
2.90E−03


GO:1846
complement binding
2.90E−03


GO:17166
vinculin binding
2.90E−03


GO:1900750
oligopeptide binding
2.90E−03


GO:33483
gas homeostasis
2.90E−03


GO:19042
viral latency
2.90E−03


GO:6102
isocitrate metabolic process
2.90E−03


GO:6069
ethanol oxidation
2.90E−03


GO:6610
ribosomal protein import into nucleus
2.90E−03


GO:6189
‘de novo’ IMP biosynthetic process
2.90E−03


GO:31904
endosome lumen
2.90E−03


GO:2000147
positive regulation of cell motility
2.93E−03


GO:51017
actin filament bundle assembly
2.95E−03


GO:43034
costamere
3.03E−03


GO:42162
telomeric DNA binding
3.03E−03


GO:8285
negative regulation of cell proliferation
3.09E−03


GO:1901699
cellular response to nitrogen compound
3.10E−03


GO:7163
establishment of maintenance of cell polarity
3.10E−03


GO:6826
iron ion transport
3.14E−03


GO:30234
enzyme regulator activity
3.14E−03


GO:71248
cellular response to metal ion
3.14E−03


GO:45335
phagocytic vesicle
3.14E−03


GO:30674
protein binding, bridging
3.22E−03


GO:51346
negative regulation of hydrolase activity
3.23E−03


GO:1556
regulation of cell growth
3.26E−03


GO:71277
cellular response to calcium ion
3.27E−03


GO:44455
mitochondrial membrane part
3.33E−03


GO:51020
GTPase binding
3.41E−03


GO:70458
cellular detoxification of nitrogen compound
3.41E−03


GO:9169
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
3.41E−03


GO:9158
ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
3.41E−03


GO:43200
laminin-11 complex
3.41E−03


GO:71438
invadopodium membrane
3.41E−03


GO:16672
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as
3.41E−03



acceptor


GO:1884
pyrimidine nucleoside binding
3.41E−03


GO:2134
UTP binding
3.41E−03


GO:19797
procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
3.41E−03


GO:10716
negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
3.41E−03


GO:33484
nitric oxide homeostasis
3.41E−03


GO:18636
phenanthrene 9,10-monooxygenase activity
3.41E−03


GO:18916
nitrobenzene metabolic process
3.41E−03


GO:1901741
positive regulation of myoblast fusion
3.41E−03


GO:3994
aconitate hydratase activity
3.41E−03


GO:47718
indanol dehydrogenase activity
3.41E−03


GO:6106
fumarate metabolic process
3.41E−03


GO:6065
UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process
3.41E−03


GO:32557
pyrimidine ribonucleotide binding
3.41E−03


GO:32551
pyrimidine ribonucleoside binding
3.41E−03


GO:31838
haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex
3.41E−03


GO:31544
peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity
3.41E−03


GO:47086
ketosteroid monooxygenase activity
3.41E−03


GO:15853
adenine transport
3.41E−03


GO:31125
rRNA 3′-end processing
3.41E−03


GO:43277
apoptotic cell clearance
3.43E−03


GO:17134
fibroblast growth factor binding
3.43E−03


GO:5523
tropomyosin binding
3.43E−03


GO:6188
IMP biosynthetic process
3.43E−03


GO:31055
chromatin remodeling at centromere
3.43E−03


GO:1523
retinoid metabolic process
3.47E−03


GO:16706
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular
3.47E−03



oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both



donors


GO:3678
DNA helicase activity
3.47E−03


GO:8308
voltage-gated anion channel activity
3.53E−03


GO:36296
response to increased oxygen levels
3.53E−03


GO:35872
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway
3.53E−03


GO:55093
response to hyperoxia
3.53E−03


GO:19902
phosphatase binding
3.54E−03


GO:1901681
sulfur compound binding
3.56E−03


GO:8536
Ran GTPase binding
3.65E−03


GO:16461
unconventional myosin complex
3.65E−03


GO:19652
L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
3.65E−03


GO:34310
primary alcohol catabolic process
3.65E−03


GO:32456
endocytic recycling
3.65E−03


GO:31996
thioesterase binding
3.65E−03


GO:43169
cation binding
3.66E−03


GO:6687
glycosphingolipid metabolic process
3.66E−03


GO:71417
cellular response to organic nitrogen
3.72E−03


GO:42625
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions
3.84E−03


GO:7167
enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway
3.90E−03


GO:43489
RNA stabilization
3.91E−03


GO:51764
actin crosslink formation
3.91E−03


GO:2102
podosome
3.91E−03


GO:30127
COPII vesicle coat
3.91E−03


GO:48255
mRNA stabilization
3.91E−03


GO:46040
IMP metabolic process
3.91E−03


GO:40017
positive regulation of locomotion
3.93E−03


GO:9991
response to extracellular stimulus
3.96E−03


GO:42445
hormone metabolic process
4.02E−03


GO:71241
cellular response to inorganic substance
4.16E−03


GO:33993
response to lipid
4.17E−03


GO:90382
phagosome maturation
4.24E−03


GO:723
telomere maintenance
4.28E−03


GO:5977
glycogen metabolic process
4.28E−03


GO:31123
RNA 3′-end processing
4.37E−03


GO:31345
negative regulation of cell projection organization
4.39E−03


GO:43269
regulation of ion transport
4.39E−03


GO:1901214
regulation of neuron death
4.44E−03


GO:51059
NF-kappaB binding
4.45E−03


GO:34314
Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
4.45E−03


GO:45182
translation regulator activity
4.45E−03


GO:60284
regulation of cell development
4.53E−03


GO:44042
glucan metabolic process
4.57E−03


GO:72341
modified amino acid binding
4.57E−03


GO:30048
actin filament-based movement
4.57E−03


GO:6073
cellular glucan metabolic process
4.57E−03


GO:32200
telomere organization
4.57E−03


GO:51094
positive regulation of developmental process
4.57E−03


GO:36295
cellular response to increased oxygen levels
4.57E−03


GO:71455
cellular response to hyperoxia
4.57E−03


GO:60346
bone trabecula formation
4.57E−03


GO:50765
negative regulation of phagocytosis
4.57E−03


GO:30214
hyaluronan catabolic process
4.57E−03


GO:7268
synaptic transmission
4.69E−03


GO:51188
cofactor biosynthetic process
4.69E−03


GO:5539
glycosaminoglycan binding
4.69E−03


GO:31346
positive regulation of cell projection organization
4.69E−03


GO:51092
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
4.77E−03


GO:44264
cellular polysaccharide metabolic process
4.85E−03


GO:16101
diterpenoid metabolic process
4.85E−03


GO:1676
long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
5.01E−03


GO:45010
actin nucleation
5.01E−03


GO:51881
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
5.01E−03


GO:5916
fascia adherens
5.01E−03


GO:9168
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
5.01E−03


GO:9127
purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
5.01E−03


GO:19432
triglyceride biosynthetic process
5.01E−03


GO:3684
damaged DNA binding
5.24E−03


GO:51174
regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
5.28E−03


GO:45111
intermediate filament cytoskeleton
5.30E−03


GO:6919
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
5.41E−03


GO:6944
cellular membrane fusion
5.41E−03


GO:43900
regulation of multi-organism process
5.47E−03


GO:7040
lysosome organization
5.47E−03


GO:16469
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
5.48E−03


GO:90316
positive regulation of intracellular protein transport
5.48E−03


GO:10558
negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
5.56E−03


GO:8360
regulation of cell shape
5.57E−03


GO:1901615
organic hydroxy compound metabolic process
5.58E−03


GO:18401
peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline
5.63E−03


GO:90136
epithelial cell-cell adhesion
5.63E−03


GO:5719
nuclear euchromatin
5.63E−03


GO:16137
glycoside metabolic process
5.63E−03


GO:31258
lamellipodium membrane
5.63E−03


GO:9081
branched-chain amino acid metabolic process
5.63E−03


GO:43466
histone exchange
5.63E−03


GO:48365
Rac GTPase binding
5.63E−03


GO:32410
negative regulation of transporter activity
5.63E−03


GO:4197
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
5.69E−03


GO:44769
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, rotational mechanism
5.91E−03


GO:46463
acylglycerol biosynthetic process
5.91E−03


GO:46460
neutral lipid biosynthetic process
5.91E−03


GO:45216
cell-cell junction organization
5.94E−03


GO:31327
negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
6.05E−03


GO:44389
small conjugating protein ligase binding
6.12E−03


GO:31625
uibiquitin protein ligase binding
6.12E−03


GO:71345
cellular response to cytokine stimulus
6.15E−03


GO:34754
cellular hormone metabolic process
6.19E−03


GO:447
endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from
6.19E−03



tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)


GO:478
endonucleolytic cleavage involved in rRNA processing
6.19E−03


GO:479
endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
6.19E−03


GO:469
cleavage involved in rRNA processing
6.19E−03


GO:9128
purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
6.19E−03


GO:70061
fructose binding
6.19E−03


GO:8426
protein kinase C inhibitor activity
6.19E−03


GO:9753
response to jasmonic acid stimulus
6.19E−03


GO:45040
protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
6.19E−03


GO:51683
establishment of Golgi localization
6.19E−03


GO:51208
sequestering of calcium ion
6.19E−03


GO:36021
endolysosome lumen
6.19E−03


GO:71395
cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus
6.19E−03


GO:34205
beta-amyloid formation
6.19E−03


GO:1901739
regulation of myoblast fusion
6.19E−03


GO:47115
trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
6.19E−03


GO:90502
RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, endonucleolytic
6.19E−03


GO:5997
xylulose metabolic process
6.19E−03


GO:5862
muscle thin filament tropomyosin
6.19E−03


GO:7161
calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion
6.19E−03


GO:45252
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
6.19E−03


GO:7008
outer mitochondrial membrane organization
6.19E−03


GO:47023
androsterone dehydrogenase activity
6.19E−03


GO:46294
formaldehyde catabolic process
6.19E−03


GO:46398
UDP-glucuronate metabolic process
6.19E−03


GO:17025
TBP-class protein binding
6.23E−03


GO:6309
apoptotic DNA fragmentation
6.23E−03


GO:6906
vesicle fusion
6.23E−03


GO:60090
binding, bridging
6.23E−03


GO:7173
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
6.46E−03


GO:61025
membrane fusion
6.54E−03


GO:2757
immune response-activating signal transduction
6.65E−03


GO:8565
protein transporter activity
6.65E−03


GO:16801
hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds
6.71E−03


GO:51196
regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
6.71E−03


GO:51193
regulation of cofactor metabolic process
6.71E−03


GO:97066
response to thyroid hormone stimulus
6.71E−03


GO:42136
neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
6.71E−03


GO:4656
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
6.71E−03


GO:14912
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
6.71E−03


GO:10770
positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
6.82E−03


GO:737
DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
6.94E−03


GO:34508
centromere complex assembly
6.94E−03


GO:6693
prostaglandin metabolic process
6.94E−03


GO:6692
prostanoid metabolic process
6.94E−03


GO:8186
RNA-dependent ATPase activity
6.94E−03


GO:46209
nitric oxide metabolic process
6.94E−03


GO:5901
caveola
6.98E−03


GO:9607
response to biotic stimulus
7.01E−03


GO:30055
cell-substrate junction
7.04E−03


GO:15078
hydrogen ion transmembrane transporter activity
7.04E−03


GO:30216
keratinocyte differentiation
7.20E−03


GO:1901606
alpha-amino acid catabolic process
7.30E−03


GO:16324
apical plasma membrane
7.49E−03


GO:70469
respiratory chain
7.58E−03


GO:5976
polysaccharide metabolic process
7.58E−03


GO:51707
response to other organism
7.59E−03


GO:2000113
negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
7.60E−03


GO:60351
cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
7.72E−03


GO:44275
cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
7.72E−03


GO:48041
focal adhesion assembly
7.72E−03


GO:30212
hyaluronan metabolic process
7.72E−03


GO:7017
microtubule-based process
7.94E−03


GO:30145
manganese ion binding
7.94E−03


GO:5882
intermediate filament
7.99E−03


GO:31667
response fo nutrient levels
7.99E−03


GO:9113
purine nucleobase biosynthetic process
7.99E−03


GO:19511
peptidyl-proline hydroxylation
7.99E−03


GO:90075
relaxation of muscle
7.99E−03


GO:51156
glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process
7.99E−03


GO:2000811
negative regulation of anoikis
7.99E−03


GO:5527
macrolide binding
7.99E−03


GO:5528
FK506 binding
7.99E−03


GO:51172
negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
8.06E−03


GO:10817
regulation of hormone levels
8.19E−03


GO:9123
nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
8.31E−03


GO:2764
immune response-regulating signaling pathway
8.52E−03


GO:32436
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
8.52E−03


GO:43236
laminin binding
8.53E−03


GO:4602
glutathione peroxidase activity
8.53E−03


GO:5504
fatty acid binding
8.53E−03


GO:55038
recycling endosome membrane
8.53E−03


GO:790
nuclear chromatin
8.68E−03


GO:6029
proteoglycan metabolic process
8.71E−03


GO:60491
regulation of cell projection assembly
8.79E−03


GO:50821
protein stabilization
8.79E−03


GO:6626
protein targeting to mitochondrion
8.79E−03


GO:8610
lipid biosynthetic process
8.90E−03


GO:3743
translation initiation factor activity
8.94E−03


GO:2429
immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
9.02E−03


GO:19674
NAD metabolic process
9.12E−03


GO:50766
positive regulation of phagocytosis
9.12E−03


GO:1901570
fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process
9.12E−03


GO:5791
rough endoplasmic reticulum
9.12E−03


GO:7266
Rho protein signal transduction
9.12E−03


GO:46456
icosanoid biosynthetic process
9.12E−03


GO:17016
Ras GTPase binding
9.16E−03


GO:33157
regulation of intracellular protein transport
9.16E−03


GO:46683
response to organophosphorus
9.29E−03


GO:32101
regulation of response to external stimulus
9.38E−03


GO:62
fatty-acyl-CoA binding
9.38E−03


GO:43124
negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
9.38E−03


GO:42287
MHC protein binding
9.38E−03


GO:46961
proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
9.38E−03


GO:35304
regulation of protein dephosphorylation
9.38E−03


GO:791
euchromatin
9.38E−03


GO:10591
regulation of lamellipodium assembly
9.38E−03


GO:6067
ethanol metabolic process
9.38E−03


GO:19829
cation-transporting ATPase activity
9.46E−03


GO:18119
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
9.52E−03


GO:16418
S-acetyltransferase activity
9.52E−03


GO:36125
fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex
9.52E−03


GO:16507
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex
9.52E−03


GO:16509
long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
9.52E−03


GO:60143
positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
9.52E−03


GO:51410
detoxification of nitrogen compound
9.52E−03


GO:16744
transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups
9.52E−03


GO:17070
U6 snRNA binding
9.52E−03


GO:1765
membrane raft assembly
9.52E−03


GO:17014
protein nitrosylation
9.52E−03


GO:1849
complement component C1q binding
9.52E−03


GO:70836
caveola assembly
9.52E−03


GO:1901163
regulation of trophoblast cell migration
9.52E−03


GO:71682
endocytic vesicle lumen
9.52E−03


GO:34112
positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
9.52E−03


GO:4301
epoxide hydrolase activity
9.52E−03


GO:4822
isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity
9.52E−03


GO:90501
RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis
9.52E−03


GO:6428
isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
9.52E−03


GO:32437
cuticular plate
9.52E−03


GO:14809
regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
9.52E−03


GO:38069
positive regulation of cell migration by vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
9.52E−03


GO:46790
virion binding
9.52E−03


GO:31340
positive regulation of vesicle fusion
9.52E−03


GO:46292
formaldehyde metabolic process
9.52E−03


GO:30911
TPR domain binding
9.52E−03


GO:72330
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
9.53E−03


GO:1901800
positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
9.60E−03


GO:2020
protease binding
9.61E−03


GO:72655
establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion
9.61E−03


GO:32479
regulation of type I interferon production
9.61E−03


GO:6259
DNA metabolic process
9.73E−03


GO:71453
cellular response to oxygen levels
9.78E−03


GO:71559
response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
9.79E−03


GO:6694
steroid biosynthetic process
9.85E−03


GO:31965
nuclear membrane
9.91E−03
















TABLE 3







Lists of ECM and organogenesis/morphogenesis proteins identified in both


engineered and native VF mucosae. Identifications were based on a 1% false discovery rate.


Corresponding heatmaps are presented in FIG. 3F. Proteins are listed in order of descending


fold change (native VF mucosa compared to engineered VF mucosa).









Gene symbol
Protein name
Fold change










ECM proteins









ALB
Serum albumin
28.43


TNXB
Tenascin-X
17.07


COL5A1
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain
14.10


DPYSL3
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3
9.79


FBLN1
Fibulin-1
7.39


FBN1
Fibrillin-1
6.16


SERPINB1
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor
5.57


CLU
Clusterin
4.82


BGN
Biglycan
4.77


HSPG2
Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein
3.25


TGFBI
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3
3.25


CD109
CD109 antigen
3.22


B2M
Beta-2-microglobulin
3.07


HMGB1
High mobility group protein B1
2.53


COL18A1
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain
2.35


LUM
Lumican
2.27


COL6A2
Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain
2.12


DCN
Decorin
1.88


COL6A1
Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain
1.65


LGALS3
Galectin-3
1.63


MYH9
Myosin-9
1.62


STOM
Erythrocyte band 7 integral membrane protein
1.60


ANXA1
Annexin A1
1.59


PCYOX1
Prenylcysteine oxidase 1
1.51


ACTN4
Alpha-actinin-4
1.50


HSPD1
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
1.49


CTSD
Cathepsin D
1.47


CLTC
Clathrin heavy chain 1
1.36


COL6A3
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
1.35


GSN
Gelsolin
1.26


GPI
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
1.21


SOD1
Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
1.15


ALDOA
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
1.11


ANXA5
Annexin A5
1.10


LAMA5
Laminin subunit alpha-5
1.08


ANXA2
Annexin A2
1.00


ENO1
Alpha-enolase
0.99


FBLN2
Fibulin-2
0.99


TUBB
Tubulin beta chain
0.97


GAPDH
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
0.96


HSPA8
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
0.95


CALR
Calreticulin
0.95


CTSB
Cathepsin B
0.91


ACTN1
Alpha-actinin-1
0.91


VIM
Vimentin
0.82


COL3A1
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
0.81


MSN
Moesin
0.81


PRDX4
Peroxiredoxin-4
0.71


MVP
Major vault protein
0.71


PKM
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2
0.70


ANXA6
Annexin A6
0.69


DYNC1H1
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1
0.65


AKR1B1
Aldose reductase
0.64


AHSG
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
0.63


COPA
Coatomer subunit alpha
0.61


FN1
Fibronectin
0.55


FLNA
Filamin-A
0.51


RNH1
Ribonuclease inhibitor
0.50


RBMX
RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome
0.50


ITGB1
Integrin beta-1
0.50


MYOF
Myoferlin
0.47


LGALS3BP
Galectin-3-binding protein
0.45


LGALS1
Galectin-1
0.44


MYO1C
Unconventional myosin-Ic
0.41


THBS1
Thrombospondin-1
0.35


LAMC1
Laminin subunit gamma-1
0.34


HDGF
Hepatoma-derived growth factor
0.31


EMILIN1
EMILIN-1
0.31


SERPINF1
Pigment epithelium-derived factor
0.26


TLN1
Talin-1
0.25


NT5E
5′-nucleotidase
0.20


COL12A1
Collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain
0.19


PSAP
Proactivator polypeptide
0.19


HDLBP
Vigilin
0.16


COL1A2
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
0.09


COL1A1
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
0.07







Organogenesis/morphogenesis proteins









JUP
Junction plakoglobin
84.57


KRT5
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5
32.13


PPL
Periplakin
23.40


KRT14
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14
22.50


KRT6B
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6B
16.64


COL5A1
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain
10.13


STEAP4
Metalioreductase STEAP4
8.08


DPYSL3
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3
6.97


FBLN1
Fibulin-1
5.27


OGDH
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
5.26


FBN1
Fibrillin-1
4.36


DLD
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
3.47


ATP2A2
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2
3.45


SOD2
Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial
2.95


PRDX3
Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial
2.48


ASAH1
Acid ceramidase
2.44


RAB11A
Ras-related protein Rab-11A
2.41


HSPG2
Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein
2.31


ADD1
Alpha-adducin
2.29


TGFBI
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3
2.29


B2M
Beta-2-microglobulin
2.19


KRT10
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10
1.85


HMGB1
High mobility group protein B1
1.79


COL18A1
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain
1.65


NPM1
Nucleophosmin
1.65


LUM
Lumican
1.61


AP2A2
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2
1.60


PHB2
Prohibitin-2
1.53


COL6A2
Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain
1.49


FERMT2
Fermitin family homolog 2
1.48


ATP5A1
ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
1.34


DCN
Deconin
1.33


XRCC5
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5
1.29


SPTAN1
Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocylic 1
1.26


SPTBN1
Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1
1.25


COL6A1
Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain
1.16


TPP1
Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1
1.16


LGALS3
Galectin-3
1.15


MYH9
Myosin-9
1.15


RPS14
40S ribosomal protein S14
1.14


ANXA1
Annexin A1
1.12


SRI
Sorcin
1.10


NDRG1
Protein NDRG1
1.10


ATP5B
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial
1.08


HSPD1
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial
1.06


CANX
Calnexin
1.02


RPS4X
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform
1.00


APEX1
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase
0.99


COL6A3
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
0.95


RPN2
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2
0.92


CDC42
Cell division control protein 42 homolog
0.91


ACAT1
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
0.90


DYNLL1
Dynein light chain 1, cytoplasmic
0.90


GSN
Gelsolin
0.89


IQGAP1
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1
0.88


GPI
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
0.86


RPL22
60S ribosomal protein L22
0.83


SOD1
Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn]
0.82


PRDX1
Peroxiredoxin-1
0.80


TAGLN2
Transgelin-2
0.78


LAMA5
Laminin subunit alpha-5
0.76


ANXA2
Annexin A2
0.70


RTCB
tRNA-splicing ligase RtcB homolog
0.70


GSTP1
Glutathione S-transferase P
0.70


YWHAG
14-3-3 protein gamma
0.69


MYL6
Myosin light polypeptide 6
0.69


RAB14
Ras-related protein Rab-14
0.68


CALR
Calreticulin
0.67


LMNA
Prelamin-A/C
0.64


NAPA
Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein
0.64


NCL
Nucleolin
0.64


ARF4
ADP-ribosylation factor 4
0.64


TPI1
Triosephosphate isomerase
0.63


KRT1
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1
0.62


ALDOC
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C
0.61


CFL1
Cofilin-1
0.61


S100A4
Protein S100-A4
0.59


AP2B1
AP-2 complex subunit beta
0.58


VIM
Vimentin
0.58


COL3A1
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
0.57


YWHAB
14-3-3 protein beta/alpha
0.57


TGM2
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2
0.57


HSP90AA1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha
0.56


KRT9
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 9
0.56


TMED10
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10
0.56


FLOT1
Flotillin-1
0.56


RPL10A
60S ribosomal protein L10a
0.56


GNB2L1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1
0.56


HSPA5
78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
0.55


RPS3A
40S ribosomal protein S3a
0.54


RPS19
40S ribosomal protein S19
0.53


RHOC
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
0.52


DPYSL2
Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2
0.51


SF3B1
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1
0.50


CD44
CD44 antigen
0.49


41889
Septin-7
0.49


CAPN2
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit
0.48


CAV1
Caveolin-1
0.47


RTN4
Reticulon-4
0.46


AHSG
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
0.44


ACTR3
Actin-related protein 3
0.44


AHNAK
Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK
0.42


HSP90AB1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta
0.42


CAP1
Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1
0.40


XRCC6
X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6
0.40


AP2M1
AP-2 complex subunit mu
0.40


FN1
Fibronectin
0.39


MGST1
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1
0.38


VCL
Vinculin
0.38


PFN1
Profilin-1
0.36


FLNA
Filamin-A
0.36


NACA
Nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha
0.35


ITGB1
Integrin beta-1
0.35


FLNC
Filamin-C
0.35


DBI
Acyl-CoA-binding protein
0.35


IDH1
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic
0.34


LGALS1
Galectin-1
0.31


NNMT
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferese
0.30


ASPH
Aspertyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase
0.30


VAPA
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A
0.29


41884
Septin-2
0.28


ARHGDIA
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1
0.26


BSG
Basigin
0.26


THBS1
Thrombospondin-1
0.25


LAMC1
Laminin subunit gamma-1
0.24


PRKDC
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
0.22


S100A6
Protein S100-A6
0.20


SERPINF1
pigment epithelium-derived factor
0.19


DDX1
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1
0.18


TLN1
Talin-1
0.18


PRKCSH
Glucosidase 2 subunit beta
0.18


NDUFV2
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein2, mitochondrial
0.18


STAT1
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta
0.17


RCN1
Reticulocalbin-1
0.17


ADH5
Alcohol dehydragenase class-3
0.16


ARF6
ADP-ribosylation factor 6
0.15


COL12A1
Collagen alpha-1(XII) chain
0.14


PSAP
Proactivator polypeptide
0.13


LRP1
Prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-releted protein 1
0.12


CAT
Catalase
0.12


ANPEP
Aminopeptidase N
0.07


COL1A2
Collagen alpha-2(I) chain
0.07


UGDH
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
0.06


COL1A1
Collagen alpha-1(I) chain
0.05


HEXB
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
0.03
















TABLE 4







Lists of proteins significantly overrepresented in engineered VF mucosa compared


to VFE on scaffold, VFE on scaffold compared to engineered VF mucosa, engineered VF


mucosa compared to VFF in scaffold, and VFF in scaffold compared to engineered VF


mucosa. The cutoff criteria for quantitative protein overrepresentation were fold change >4 and


Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P < 0.01. Corresponding Volcano plots and heatmaps are


presented in FIG. 7. Proteins are listed in order of descending fold change.











Uniprot






accession

Gene


number
Protein name
symbol
Fold change
Adjusted P-value










Overrepresented in engineered VF mucosa compared to VFE on scaffold











Q92928
Putative Ras-related protein Rab-1C
RAB1C
136.29
1.79E−05


P05141
ADP/ATP translocase 2
SLC25A5
127.20
2.44E−05


P10909
Clusterin
CLU
90.45
1.06E−04


P08134
Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC
RHOC
86.81
1.11E−04


Q92688
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B
ANP32B
72.09
6.66E−05


Q9UBI6
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12
GNG12
56.21
6.69E−05


P46776
60S ribosomal protein L27a
RPL27A
55.56
3.36E−04


P84103
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3
SRSF3
50.11
5.32E−04


P62280
40S ribosomal protein S11
RPS11
48.83
7.13E−05


P10619
Lysosomal protective protein
CTSA
47.59
2.94E−04


P13987
CD59 glycoprotein
CD59
44.45
3.95E−04


O94973
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2
AP2A2
43.47
3.37E−03


P45974
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5
USP5
43.18
5.22E−04


P62266
40S ribosomal protein S23
RPS23
37.52
1.90E−04


O43143
Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX15
DHX15
35.96
1.11E−04


O75533
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1
SF3B1
30.75
9.95E−03


Q9UKK3
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4
PARP4
27.01
9.73E−05


P61254
60S ribosomal protein L26
RPL26
26.69
3.15E−04


P01026
Complement C3 [Cleaved into: Complement C3 beta chain; Complement C3
C3
24.97
6.50E−04



alpha chain]


P30046
D-dopachrome decarboxylase
DDT
24.82
3.71E−04


P30740
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor
SERPINB1
23.87
4.39E−03


Q6IBS0
Twinfilin-2
TWF2
23.87
4.46E−03


O75351
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B
VPS4B
22.45
2.97E−04


Q9UEY8
Gamma-adducin
ADD3
19.93
1.08E−03


P20073
Annexin A7
ANXA7
19.78
6.89E−04


Q9NYL9
Tropomodulin-3
TMOD3
17.74
1.91E−04


O94855
Protein transport protein Sec24D
SEC24D
15.70
8.45E−04


P36405
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3
ARL3
15.70
8.65E−04


P55036
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4
PSMD4
13.18
9.95E−03


P08648
Integrin alpha-5
ITGA5
11.31
8.87E−03


Q9P0L0
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A
VAPA
10.99
2.97E−03


P21291
Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1
CSRP1
8.79
5.01E−03


P62491
Ras-related protein Rab-11A
RAB11A
6.75
3.33E−04







Overrepresented in VFE on scaffold compared to engineered mucosa











P05539
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1
418.83
1.06E−04


P62820
Ras-related protein Rab-1A
RAB1A
127.00
4.58E−05


P08962
CD63 antigen
CD63
51.40
3.73E−04


P02770
Serum albumin
ALB
49.99
1.62E−05


P43235
Cathepsin K
CTSK
49.08
1.27E−03


P35754
Glutaredoxin-1
GLRX
44.94
1.02E−04


P13693
Translationally-controlled tumor protein
TPT1
44.56
1.85E−04


P01889
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-7 alpha chain
HLA-B
42.11
1.15E−05


P20340
Ras-related protein Rab-6A
RAB6A
37.88
9.66E−05


P62753
40S ribosomal protein S6
RPS6
35.28
5.16E−03


P02795
Metaliothionein-2
MT2A
31.19
9.90E−03


P37235
Hippocalcin-like protein 1
HPCAL1
30.97
1.65E−05


P23141
Liver carboxylesterase 1
CES1
28.75
2.32E−05


P63173
60S ribosomal protein L38
RPL38
28.37
1.99E−04


P48681
Nestin
NES
27.71
7.33E−04


Q92945
Far upstream element-binding protein 2
KHSRP
27.27
3.28E−03


P62899
60S ribosomal protein L31
RPL31
25.86
4.10E−03


P62847
40S ribosomal protein S24
RPS24
25.55
6.95E−03


P61163
Alpha-centractin
ACTR1A
24.13
1.53E−03


O95292
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C
VAPB
23.47
1.76E−04


P02649
Apolipoprotein E
APOE
23.25
5.35E−04


Q9Y5X1
Sorting nexin-9
SNX9
21.84
1.35E−03


P14406
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial
COX7A2
21.84
1.33E−03


Q9Y646
Carboxypeptidase Q
CPQ
20.21
9.72E−03


P22307
Non-specific lipid-transfer protein
SCP2
19.24
1.92E−05


P28799
Granulins
GRN
19.02
1.26E−03


Q1KMD3
Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 2
HNRNPUL2
17.23
1.26E−03


P27706
CAD protein [Includes: Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phospnate synthase
CAD
15.75
6.95E−03


P62913
60S ribosomal protein L11
RPL11
13.37
9.90E−05


Q16718
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5
NDUFA5
13.37
1.07E−04


P67812
Signal peptidase complex catalytic subunit SEC11A
SEC11A
11.74
3.26E−04


P49821
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial
NDUFV1
11.74
3.07E−04


Q15063
Periostin
POSTN
11.74
3.16E−04


Q9BTV4
Transmembrane protein 43
TMEM43
11.14
7.27E−03


O60749
Sorting nexin-2
SNX2
9.51
3.33E−03


O00754
Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase
MAN2B1
5.87
8.48E−04







Overrepresented in engineered VF mucosa compared to VFF in scaffold











P42330
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3
AKR1C3
228.80
9.75E−05


P35556
Fibrillin-2
FBN2
213.61
2.29E−04


P98095
Fibulin-2
FBLN2
176.02
6.98E−05


P39687
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A
ANP32A
94.87
1.37E−04


P27105
Erythrocyle band 7 integral membrane protein
STOM
93.36
1.59E−04


Q9Y6C2
EMILIN-1
EMILIN1
92.41
2.15E−04


P61586
Transforming protein RhoA
RHOA
89.42
1.18E−04


P06753
Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain
TPM3
84.67
1.10E−04


P13674
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1
P4HA1
82.35
9.22E−05


P42785
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase
PRCP
72.67
8.12E−05


P00325
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
ADH1B
69.66
5.62E−03


P20700
Lamin-B1
LMNB1
61.16
1.60E−04


P60866
40S ribosomal protein S20
RPS20
58.85
8.84E−05


P62750
60S ribosomal protein L23a
RPL23A
58.69
1.21E−04


P51688
N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase
SGSH
57.39
3.73E−04


P46926
Glycosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1
GNPDA1
56.55
9.99E−05


P01893
Putative HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain H
HLA-H
55.40
2.01E−04


P00966
Argininosuccinate synthase
ASS1
53.74
2.19E−04


P55795
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2
HNRNPH2
53.42
1.10E−04


Q8NHP8
Putative phospholipase B-like 2
PLBD2
52.95
7.91E−04


P27635
60S ribosomal protein L10
RPL10
52.12
1.50E−04


P24752
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial
ACAT1
47.33
3.09E−03


P23142
Fibulin-1
FBLN1
47.16
7.94E−03


P13987
CD59 glycoprotein
CD59
46.53
2.86E−04


Q16363
Laminin subunit alpha-4
LAMA4
46.51
1.41E−04


Q9BS26
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44
ERP44
46.01
4.15E−04


O14773
Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1
TPP1
45.53
1.23E−03


O94973
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2
AP2A2
45.52
1.82E−03


P45974
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5
USP5
45.21
3.60E−04


Q9Y3I0
tRNA-splicing ligase RtcB homolog
C22orf28
44.55
1.26E−04


P42224
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta
STAT1
43.88
3.65E−04


P25789
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4
PSMA4
42.59
7.01E−04


P30084
Enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial
ECHS1
42.57
2.27E−04


P19623
Spermidine synthase
SRM
40.58
5.78E−03


Q14258
E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25
TRIM25
40.28
1.94E−04


P20618
Proteasome subunit beta type-1
PSMB1
39.78
2.17E−04


P62266
40S ribosomal protein S23
RPS23
39.28
1.63E−04


Q9UBQ7
Glyoxylate reduclase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
GRHPR
39.12
3.17E−04


P36543
V-type proton ATPase subunit E1
ATP6V1E1
37.82
3.71E−04


Q9Y3U8
60S ribosomal protein L36
RPL36
37.80
5.88E−04


P40261
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
NNMT
37.66
1.69E−03


O43143
Putative pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX15
DHX15
37.64
1.16E−04


Q6NUM9
All-trans-retinol 13,14-reduclase
RETSAT
36.81
8.06E−04


P13473
Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2
LAMP2
35.68
4.10E−04


P07711
Cathepsin L1
CTSL1
35.18
2.14E−04


P19404
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial
NDUFV2
33.55
7.09E−04


Q9NR45
Sialic acid synthase
NANS
33.38
1.35E−03


Q15075
Early endosome antigen I
EEA1
32.53
1.15E−03


Q92597
Protein NDRG1
NDRG1
32.39
1.16E−03


Q08380
Galectin-3-binding protein
LGALS3BP
32.37
4.41E−04


O75533
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1
SF3B1
32.20
5.45E−03


P46439
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5
GSTM5
32.20
5.40E−03


P04062
Glucosylceramidase
GBA
31.91
8.42E−03


Q12906
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3
ILF3
31.59
7.21E−03


Q8IZP2
Putative protein FAM10A4
ST13P4
30.91
2.97E−04


P04179
Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial
SOD2
30.89
6.68E−03


Q5T9L3
Protein wntless homolog
WLS
30.57
1.51E−04


P07954
Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial
FH
30.57
1.57E−04


P27487
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
DPP4
30.41
8.97E−05


Q9UIJ7
GTP:AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrial
AK3
30.41
8.37E−05


O14880
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3
MGST3
29.42
3.18E−03


P35555
Fibrillin-1
FBN1
28.46
7.93E−03


P10768
S-formylglutathione hydrolase
ESD
28.44
7.00E−04


Q9UKK3
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4
PARP4
28.28
1.01E−04


O95747
Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1
OXSR1
28.28
9.63E−05


P61254
60S ribosomal protein L26
RPL26
27.94
2.27E−04


O43491
Band 4.1-like protein 2
EPB41L2
27.78
1.51E−04


O15145
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3
ARPC3
27.78
1.56E−04


O43615
Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM44
TIMM44
26.48
1.47E−03


Q9Y371
Endophilin-B1
SH3GLB1
25.64
6.99E−05


Q32P28
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1
LEPRE1
25.64
7.38E−05


P22087
rRNA 2′-O-methyltransferase fibrilliarin
FBL
25.64
7.81E−05


P07942
Laminin subunit beta-1
LAMB1
25.30
1.46E−03


P00403
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
MT-CO2
24.98
2.46E−03


P30740
Leukocyte elastase inhibitor
SERPINB1
24.98
2.48E−03


P28161
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2
GSTM2
24.34
5.12E−03


P49589
Cysteine-tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
CARS
23.84
5.53E−04


Q16643
Drebrin
DBN1
23.50
2.19E−04


Q13263
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta
TRIM28
23.50
2.24E−04


O75351
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B
VPS4B
23.50
2.34E−04


P14868
Aspartate--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
DARS
23.50
2.29E−04


Q02543
60S ribosomal protein L18a
RPL18A
23.34
1.18E−04


P38606
V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A
ATP6V1A
23.01
7.46E−04


O00151
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1
PDLIM1
22.85
1.23E−03


P06756
Integrin alpha-V
ITGAV
22.65
1.25E−03


Q13228
Selenium-binding protein 1
SELENBP1
22.04
7.51E−03


Q13561
Dynactin subunit 2
DCTN2
21.70
2.75E−03


P43490
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
NAMPT
21.54
2.15E−03


P62714
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A calalytic subunit beta isoform
PPP2CB
21.21
1.21E−04


O95336
6-phosphogluconolactonase
PGLS
21.05
1.16E−03


Q14112
Nidogen-2
NID2
20.87
7.16E−04


Q9Y4L1
Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1
HYOU1
19.41
4.46E−03


P80303
Nucleobindin-2
NUCB2
18.91
6.94E−04


P0CW22
40S ribosomal protein S17-like
RPS17L
18.57
1.82E−04


Q02818
Nucleobindin-1
NUCB1
18.07
8.85E−03


P02461
Collagen alpha-1(III) chain
COL3A1
17.57
4.94E−03


P53007
Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial
SLC25A1
16.77
1.45E−03


P05091
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
ALDH2
16.44
5.95E−04


Q9HC38
Glyoxalase domain-containing protein 4
GLOD4
16.44
5.86E−04


P36405
ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3
ARL3
16.44
6.04E−04


P99999
Cytochrome c
CYCS
16.28
2.54E−04


P46063
ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1
RECQL
16.28
2.59E−04


P42765
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial
ACAA2
16.28
2.64E−04


P54727
UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog B
RAD23B
15.94
6.16E−03


O75955
Flotillin-1
FLOT1
15.78
8.61E−03


Q16891
Mitochondrial inner membrane protein
IMMT
14.14
1.53E−04


Q9P2J5
Leucine--tRNA ligase, cyloplasmic
LARS
14.14
1.58E−04


P10515
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate
DLAT
13.80
5.37E−03



dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial


P55735
Protein SEC13 homolog
SEC13
13.80
5.41E−03


Q02218
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
OGDH
13.80
5.45E−03


P55036
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4
PSMD4
13.80
5.50E−03


P54578
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14
USP14
11.84
4.97E−03


Q12884
Seprase
FAP
11.84
4.93E−03


Q9P0L0
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A
VAPA
11.50
1.66E−03


O15230
Laminin subunit alpha-5
LAMA5
9.70
9.44E−03


Q6IAA8
Regulator complex protein LAMTOR1
LAMTOR1
9.70
9.51E−03


Q96FQ6
Protein S100-A16
S100A16
9.70
9.57E−03


P27701
CD82 antigen
CD82
9.70
9.63E−03


P63220
40S ribosomal protein S21
RPS21
9.37
5.15E−03


Q6P2Q9
Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8
PRPF8
9.21
2.93E−03


Q9ULZ3
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
PYCARD
9.21
2.90E−03


P82491
Ras-related protein Rab-11A
RAB11A
7.07
3.20E−04







Overrepresented in VFF in scaffold compared to engineered VF mucosa











P05539
Collagen alpha-1(II) chain
COL2A1
333.66
1.19E−04


P02770
Serum albumin
ALB
68.56
2.08E−04


P50903
Protein S100-A10
S100A10
49.96
4.11E−04


P01024
Complement C3
C3
45.51
3.10E−03


P02774
Vitamin D-binding protein
GC
42.27
2.93E−06


P62857
40S ribosomal protein S28
RPS28
41.71
8.10E−04


P02788
Lactotransferrin
LTF
40.99
6.76E−04


P13693
Translationally-controlled tumor protein
TPT1
39.35
3.21E−04


P01008
Antithrombin-III
SERPINC1
22.39
5.52E−03


P30493
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-55 alpha chain
HLA-B
21.48
1.76E−03


P62753
40S ribosomal protein S6
RPS6
21.05
9.25E−04


P62917
60S ribosomal protein L8
RPL8
13.95
6.92E−03


P35637
RNA-binding protein FUS
FUS
13.65
3.67E−03


P49458
Signal recognition particle 9 kDa protein
SRP9
13.06
7.08E−04


O15143
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B
ARPC1B
7.40
5.74E−03


P67809
Nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1
YBX1
7.40
5.79E−03


Q9BR76
Coronin-1B
CORO1B
7.40
5.83E−03
















TABLE 5







Gene ontology biological process terms enriched in the protein set exclusive to


engineered VF mucosa or overrepresented in engineered mucosa compared to both VFF in


scaffold and VFE on scaffold. The cutoff criteria for quantitative protein enrichment


overrepresentation were fold change >4 and Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P < 0.01. Enriched


ontology terms were identified using the BiNGO enrichment and REViGO term redundancy


algorithms. A subset of these biological process terms are presented in FIG. 6D. Terms are


listed in order of ascending Benjamini Hochberg-adjusted P-value.









Biological process term
Description
Adjusted P-value





GO: 0044265
cellular macromolecule catabolic process
1.36E−05


GO: 0008104
protein localization
2.30E−05


GO: 0071840
cellular component organization or biogenesis
3.97E−05


GO: 0016071
mRNA metabolic process
1.29E−04


GO: 0034641
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
2.53E−04


GO: 0006807
nitrogen compound metabolic process
4.12E−04


GO: 0022411
cellular component disassembly
7.32E−04


GO: 0086004
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction
8.91E−04


GO: 0006413
translational initiation
1.41E−03


GO: 0044281
small molecule metabolic process
1.47E−03


GO: 1901360
organic cyclic compound metabolic process
1.56E−03


GO: 0007044
cell-substrate junction assembly
3.03E−03


GO: 0044710
single-organism metabolic process
3.31E−03


GO: 0046483
heterocycle metabolic process
5.18E−03


GO: 0008544
epidermis development
5.27E−03


GO: 0006725
cellular aromatic compound metabolic process
5.27E−03


GO: 0034332
adherens junction organization
7.35E−03


GO: 0071704
organic substance metabolic process
7.55E−03


GO: 0006577
amino-acid betaine metabolic process
8.58E−03


GO: 0034329
cell junction assembly
8.72E−03


GO: 0044349
DNA excision
9.22E−03


GO: 0030162
regulation of proteolysis
9.35E−03
















TABLE 6







Antibodies and isotype controls used for flow cytometry.












Item
Clone
Fluorochrome
Dilution
Manufacturer
Catalog number





Antibodies







rabbit anti-human P4H-β
polyclonal
FITC
1:50
Bioss
bs-5090R


mouse anti-human CD90
5E10
PE-Cy7
1:20
BD Biosciences
561558


mouse anti-human keratin 14
LL002
FITC
1:10
Abcam
ab77684


mouse anti-human pan-keratin
C11
Alexa 647
1:50
Cell Signaling Technology
4528


mouse anti-human CD227
16A
PE
1:20
BioLegend
355603


mouse anti-human keratin 19
RCK108
PerCP
1:5
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
sc-53003


mouse anti-human HLA-ABC
W6/32
Alexa 488
1:20
BioLengend
311415


mouse anti-human HLA-DR
LN3
PE
1:20
eBioscience
12-9956


mouse anti-human PD-L1 (CD274)
29E.2A3
APC
1:20
BioLegend
329708


mouse anti-human PD-L2 (CD273)
MIH18
APC
1:20
BioLegend
345507


mouse anti-human CD80
L307.4
FITC
1:20
BD Biosciences
557226


mouse anti-human CD86
IT2.2
PE
1:20
BioLegend
305406


mouse anti-human pan-CD45
HI30
APC
1:20
BD Biosciences
555485


rat anti-mouse pan-CD45
30F11
FITC
1:20
BD Biosciences
553080


Isotype controls


rabbit IgG
EPR25A
none
1:100
Abcam
ab172730


mouse IgG1
ICIGG1
none
1:200
Abcam
ab91353



MOPC-21
APC
1:20
BD Biosciences
400121



MOPC-21
FITC
1:20
BD Biosciences
400107



MOPC-21
PE
1:20
BD Biosciences
400111


mouse IgG2b
MPC-11
APC
1:20
BioLegend
400321



MPC-11
PE
1:20
BioLegend
400314


rat IgG2b
A95-1
FITC
1:20
BD Biosciences
553988
















TABLE 7







Antibodies used for immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry.












Item
Clone
Dilution
Manufacturer
Catalog number
Positive control





Primary antibodies







rabbit anti-human β-cadherin
polyclonal
1:100
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
sc-7870
vocal fold


mouse anti-human P4H-β
3-2B12
1:250
Chemicon
MAB2701
vocal fold


goat anti-human α-actin 2
polyclonal
1:100
Thermo Scientific
PA5-18292
vocal fold


mouse anti-human collagen, type IV
COL-94
1:100
Sigma-Aldrich
C1926
vocal fold


rabbit anti-human laminin 5
polyclonal
1:200
Abcam
ab14509
vocal fold


mouse anti-human keratin 5
XM26
1:100
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
sc-58732
vocal fold


mouse anti-human junction plakoglobin
4C12
1:200
Abcam
ab119908
vocal fold


mouse anti-human mitochondria
113-1
1:200
Millipore
MAB1273
thymus


rabbit anti-human forkhead box P3
polyclonal
1:300
Abcam
ab10563
thymus


rabbit anti-human CD8
SP16
1:100
Biocare Medical
CRM311
thymus


rabbit anti-human CD4
EPR6855
1:200
Abcam
ab133616
thymus


mouse anti-human CD45
2B11; PD7/26
1:100
Innovex
MAB321C
thymus


Secondary antibodiesa


Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG

1:200
Life Technologies
A-21202


Alexa 594-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG

1:200
Life Technologies
A-21203


Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG

1:200
Life Technologies
A-21206


Alexa 594-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG

1:200
Life Technologies
A-21207


Alexa 594-conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG

1:200
Life Technologies
A-11058






aSecondary antibodies used for fluorescent detection are listed here; HRP-based detection is described in the Example Materials and Methods.






Claims
  • 1. An engineered vocal fold mucosa comprising: (a) an engineered non-vascularized lamina propria comprising a scaffold comprising polymerized collagen populated by a plurality of human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs); and(b) an engineered stratified squamous epithelium in contact with the engineered non-vascularized lamina propria comprising a plurality of human vocal fold epithelial cells (VFEs);wherein the engineered vocal fold mucosa is capable of exhibiting the vibratory function and acoustic output of a native vocal fold mucosa.
  • 2. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 1, wherein the polymerized collagen is polymerized collagen, type I.
  • 3. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 1, wherein the density of the VFFs populating the engineered non-vascularized lamina propria is from 100-300 cells/mm2.
  • 4. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 3, wherein the density of the VFFs populating the engineered non-vascularized lamina propria is from 130-270 cells/mm2.
  • 5. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 1, wherein the engineered stratified squamous epithelium is between 30 and 70 um thick.
  • 6. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 1, wherein one or more VFEs at both the basal and epithelial surface regions of the engineered stratified squamous epithelium express the basement membrane marker collagen, type IV.
  • 7. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 1, wherein the engineered stratified squamous epithelium comprises one or more Keratin 5+ VFEs, and wherein the basal region of the engineered stratified squamous epithelium does not have a higher percentage of Keratin 5+ VFEs than the stratified squamous epithelium as a whole.
  • 8. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 1, further comprising one or more of the proteins listed in Table 1 as being present in the engineered VF mucosa.
  • 9. The engineered vocal fold mucosa of claim 8, wherein at least one of the one or more of the proteins listed in Table 1 as being present in the engineered VF mucosa is a protein that is not present in native VF mucosa.
  • 10. An engineered vocal fold mucosa according to claim 1 for use in treating voice impairment caused by vocal fold fibrosis or vocal fold mucosal tissue damage or loss.
  • 11. An engineered vocal fold mucosa according to claim 1 for use in manufacturing a composition for treating voice impairment caused by vocal fold fibrosis or vocal fold mucosal tissue damage or loss.
  • 12. A method of treating voice impairment caused by vocal fold fibrosis or vocal fold mucosal tissue damage or loss, comprising implanting an engineered vocal fold mucosa according to claim 1 into the larynx of a subject in need thereof, whereby the voice impairment is reduced.
  • 13. A method of making an engineered vocal fold mucosa, comprising: (a) culturing a plurality of human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) within a scaffold comprising polymerized collagen; and(b) culturing a plurality of human vocal fold epithelial cells (VFEs) on the scaffold surface;thereby forming an engineered vocal fold mucosa comprising an engineered stratified squamous epithelium in contact with an engineered non-vascularized lamina propria comprising a scaffold comprising polymerized collagen and populated by a plurality of human VFFs.
  • 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the polymerized collagen is polymerized collagen, type I.
  • 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of culturing the plurality of human VFEs on the scaffold surface is first performed within an epithelial cell-oriented medium in which the human VFEs are immersed.
  • 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of culturing the plurality of human VFEs on the scaffold surface is later performed at an air-liquid interface on the scaffold surface, wherein the scaffold comprises a composition comprising both a fibroblast-oriented medium and an epithelial cell-oriented medium, and whereby the human VFEs stratify to form a squamous epithelium layer.
  • 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the human VFEs are cultured for 1 to 3 days within the epithelial cell-oriented medium in which the human VFEs are immersed.
  • 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the human VFEs are cultured for 5 to 50 days at the air-liquid interface on the scaffold surface.
  • 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of culturing the plurality of human VFFs within the scaffold is first performed when the scaffold comprises a fibroblast-oriented medium, and later performed when the scaffold comprises a composition comprising both a fibroblast-oriented medium and an epithelial cell-oriented medium.
  • 20. The method of claim 13, wherein prior to culturing the human VFFs within the scaffold, the human VFFs are seeded into the scaffold at a density of between 5×104 and 1×106 VFF/mL.
  • 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the human VFFs are obtained by: (a) seeding cells obtained from a human vocal fold mucosa onto an extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated surface, whereby some of the cells adhere to the ECM-coated surface and some of the cells remain free-floating and non-adherent; and(b) culturing the cells that adhere to the ECM-coated surface in a fibroblast-oriented medium, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFFs.
  • 22. The method of claim 21, wherein human VFEs are obtained by the further steps of: (c) separately culturing the non-adherent cells in an epithelial cell-oriented medium, whereby the non-adherent cells become adherent; and(d) incubating the now-adherent cells in a composition comprising trypsin and removing one or more initially detached cells.
  • 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the remaining adherent cells are then detached and passaged into a separate epithelial cell-oriented medium, whereby the cells again become adherent.
  • 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the passaged cells are again incubated in a composition comprising trypsin, and wherein one or more initially detached cells are again removed, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFEs.
  • 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the culturing steps (b), (c), or both further comprise passaging the cultured cells at least twice.
  • 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the human VFFs, the human VFEs, or both are obtained from the second passage, the third passage, the fourth passage, the fifth passage, the sixth passage, or any combination thereof.
  • 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the cells are obtained from the human vocal fold mucosa by: (a) mincing the human vocal fold mucosa; and(b) enzymatically digesting the minced mucosa to release the cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • 28. A method of separating cells obtained from human vocal fold mucosa into a substantially pure human VFF subpopulation, comprising: (a) seeding cells obtained from a human vocal fold mucosa onto an extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated surface, whereby some of the cells adhere to the ECM-coated surface and some of the cells remain free-floating and non-adherent; and(b) culturing the cells that adhere to the ECM-coated surface in fibroblast-oriented medium, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFFs.
  • 29. The method of claim 28, further wherein the cells are further separated into a VFE subpopulation by: (c) separately culturing the non-adherent cells in an epithelial cell-oriented medium, whereby the non-adherent cells become adherent; and(d) incubating the now-adherent cells in a composition comprising trypsin and removing one or more initially detached cells.
  • 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the remaining adherent cells are detached and passaged into a separate epithelial cell-oriented medium, whereby the cells again become adherent.
  • 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the passaged cells are again incubated in a composition comprising trypsin, and wherein one or more initially detached cells are again removed, resulting in a substantially pure subpopulation of human VFEs.
  • 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the cells are obtained from the human vocal fold mucosa by: (a) mincing the human vocal fold mucosa; and(b) enzymatically digesting the minced mucosa to release the cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • 33. An engineered vocal fold mucosa as made by performing the method of claim 13.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/152,468, filed Apr. 24, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT

This invention was made with government support under DC010777 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.

Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
62152468 Apr 2015 US