The present invention relates generally to computerized authentication, and more specifically, to an authentication responsive to biometric verification of a user being authenticated.
Conventional user authentication techniques are designed to prevent access by unauthorized users. One technique is to require a user being authenticated to provide secret credentials, such as a password, before allowing access. Similarly, a PIN number can be required by an ATM machine before allowing a person to perform automated bank transactions. A difficulty with this technique is that it requires the user to memorize or otherwise keep track of the credentials. A uses often has multiple sets of credentials (e.g., passwords and PINs) and it can be quite difficult to keep track of them all.
Another technique that does not require the user to memorize credentials is to provide the user with an access object such as a key (e.g., an electronic key) that the user can present to obtain access. For example, a user can be provided with a small electronic key fob that allows access to a building or other secured location. A difficulty with using access objects is that authentication merely proves that the access object itself is valid; it does not verify that the legitimate user is using the access object. That is, illegitimate user can use a stolen access object to enter a secured location because the user's identity is never checked.
Some hybrid authentication techniques require the user to provide both an access object and credentials. The user is authenticated only upon providing both items. Of course, this solution does not resolve the problem of making the user memorize credentials.
Therefore, there is a need for systems and methods for verifying a user that is being authenticated that does not suffer from the limitations described above. Moreover, the solution should ease authentications by wirelessly providing an identification of the user.
The present invention addresses the above needs by providing systems and methods for authentication responsive to biometric verification of a user being authenticated. In one embodiment, an integrated device includes a persistent storage to persistently stores a code such as a device identifier (ID) and biometric data for a user in a tamper-resistant format, and a verification module, in communication with the persistent storage, to receive scan data from a biometric scan for comparison against the biometric data, and if the scan data matches the biometric data, wirelessly sending a code for authentication.
In one embodiment, a method for verifying a user during authentication of an integrated device, includes persistently storing biometric data for the user in a tamper-resistant format; responsive to receiving a request for biometric verification of the user, receiving scan data from a biometric scan; comparing the scan data to the biometric data to determine whether the data match; and responsive to a determination that the scan data matches the biometric data, wirelessly sending a code for authentication.
Other embodiments include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programming products, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. These and other embodiments may each optionally include one or more of the following features. For instance the operations further include registering an age verification for the user in association with the code. For instance the operations further include establishing a secure communication channel prior to sending the code for authentication. For instance the operations further include receiving a request for the code without a request for biometric verification, and responsive to receiving the request for the code without a request for biometric verification, sending the code without requesting the scan data. For instance, the features include: the code is registered with a trusted authority, and the code can be authenticated to a third party by the trusted authority; the code uniquely identifies the integrated device; the code indicates that the biometric verification was successful; persistently storing biometric data includes permanently storing biometric data; the biometric data and the scan data are both based on a fingerprint scan by the user, an LED to be activated for requesting the biometric scan.
In one embodiment, a method for authenticating a verified user, includes receiving a code associated with a biometrically verified user; requesting authentication of the code; receiving an authentication result; and in response to the authentication result being positive, providing access to an application.
In one embodiment, a system includes an integrated device (e.g. a biometric key) to store biometric data for a user in a tamper resistant format, and if scan data can be verified as being from the user by comparing the scan data to the biometric data, wirelessly sending a code; and an authentication module to receive the code and send the code to a trusted authority for authentication, and responsive to the code being authenticated, allowing the user to access an application.
Other embodiments include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programming products, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. These and other embodiments may each optionally include one or more of the following features. For instance, the operations further include registering the code with a trusted authority, wherein requesting authentication of the code includes providing the code to the trusted authority and wherein receiving an authentication result comprises receiving the authentication result from the trusted authority. For instance the operations further include registering a date of birth or age with the trusted authority. For instance the operations further include establishing a secure communications channel with an integrated device, wherein the code associated with the biometrically verified user is received from the integrated device. For instance the features include: the integrated device receives an authentication request from the authentication module, and in response, requests a biometric scan from the user to generate the scan data; when the integrated device cannot verify the scan data as being from the user, it does not send the code.
Advantageously, user authentication is bolstered with highly reliable biometric verification of the user in an integrated device. Furthermore, a keyless environment relieves authorized users from having to memorize credentials, and of having to physically enter credentials or keys. In addition, the integrated device can be authenticated for an application that is open to the public (i.e., in an open loop system).
The features and advantages described in the specification are not all inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specifications, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive matter.
The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Systems and methods for authentication responsive to biometric verification of a user being authenticated are described. Generally, biometric verification uses biometric data to ensure that the user of, for example, a biometric key, is the person registered as an owner. Biometric data is a digital or analog representation of characteristics unique to the user's body. For example, a fingerprint of a subject can be compared against previously-recorded biometric data for verification that the subject is the registered owner of the biometric key. Then, the biometric key itself can be authenticated.
Although the embodiments below are described using the example of biometric verification using a fingerprint, other embodiments within the spirit of the present invention can perform biometric verification using other types of biometric data. For example, the biometric data can include a palm print, a retinal scan, an iris scan, hand geometry recognition, facial recognition, signature recognition, or voice recognition.
Frame 110 can be formed by plastic, metal or another suitable material. Frame 110 is shaped to secure scan pad 120, and includes a perforation for attachment to, for example a key chain or clip. In one embodiment, frame 110 is formed from a unitary molding to protect biometric data. Accordingly, frame 110 cannot be opened to expose the underlying components unless it is broken.
Scan pad 120 can be, for example, an optical scanner using a charge coupled device, or a capacitive scanner. Scan pad 120 can be sized to fit a thumb or other finger. Biometric key 100 of the present embodiment includes LED 130 that lights up to request a fingerprint scan from a user. In one embodiment, LED 130 can also confirm that user verification and/or authentication has completed.
Biometric key 100 can authenticate a user for various purposes. For example, biometric key 100 can allow keyless entry into homes and autos. In another example, biometric key 100 can log a user onto a computer system or point of sale register without typing in credentials. In still another example, biometric key 100 can verify that an enrolled user is above a certain age (e.g., before allowing access to a slot machine in a casino). In some embodiments, biometric key 100 operates without biometric verification, and request a fingerprint scan from a user only when biometric verification is needed for the particular use.
Control module 210 coordinates between several functions of biometric key 100. In one embodiment, control module 210 provides a verification code upon successful verification of the user. More specifically, once biometric portion 220 indicates that a fingerprint scan matches biometric data that was collected during enrollment, control module 210 can trigger RF communication module 230 for sending a code indicating that the user was verified. In another embodiment, control module 210 can work in the opposite direction by detecting a request for verification from RF communication module 230, and then requesting verification of the user from biometric portion 210. Note that control module 210 of
Biometric portion 220 comprises enrollment module 222, validation module 224, and biometric data base 226. In one embodiment, enrollment module 222 registers a user with biometric key 100 by persistently storing biometric data associated with the user. Further, enrollment module 222 registers biometric key 100 with a trusted authority by providing the code (e.g., device ID) to the trusted authority. Or conversely, the trusted authority can provide the code to biometric key 100 to be stored therein.
Validation module 224 can comprise scan pad 120 (
In other embodiments, validation module 224 can be configured to capture biometric data for other human characteristics. For example, a digital image of a retina, iris, and/or handwriting sample can be captured. In another example, a microphone can capture a voice sample.
Persistent storage 226 persistently stores biometric data from one or more users which can be provided according to specific implementations. In one embodiment, at least some of persistent storage 226 is a memory element that can be written to once but cannot subsequently be altered. Persistent storage 226 can include, for example, a ROM element, a flash memory element, or any other type of non-volatile storage element. Persistent storage 226 is itself, and stores data in, a tamper-proof format to prevent any changes to the stored data. Tamper-proofing increases reliability of authentication because it does not allow any changes to biometric data (i.e., allows reads of stored data, but not writes to store new data or modify existing data). Furthermore, data can be stored in an encrypted form.
In one embodiment, persistent storage 226 also stores the code that is provided by the key 100 responsive to successful verification of the user. As described above, in one embodiment the code is a device ID or other value that uniquely identifies biometric key 100. In one embodiment, the code is providing during the manufacturing process and the biometric data are provided during an enrollment of the user. In other embodiments, the code is provided during enrollment and/or the biometric data are provided during manufacturing. Further, in some embodiments persistent storage 226 stores other data utilized during the operation of biometric key 100. For example, persistent storage 226 can store encryption/decryption keys utilized to establish secure communications links.
Radio frequency (RF) communication module 230 is, for example, a transceiver or other mechanism for wireless communication. RF communication module 230 can send and receive data (e.g., the code) as modulated electromagnetic signals. In one embodiment, RF communication 220 can be optimized for low-power usage by, for example, using short-range transceivers. RF communication module 230 can actively send out connection requests, or passively detect connection requests.
Battery 260 can be a conventional power source suitable for the components of biometric key 100. Battery 260 can be either replaceable or rechargeable. Alternatively, battery 260 can be embedded within key 100 such that the key must be discarded or recycled upon expiration of the battery.
Authentication module 310 is coupled in communication with biometric key via line 311 (i.e., a wireless medium such as EM signals), and with trusted key authority 320 via line 312 (e.g., a secure data network such as the Internet, or a cell network). Authentication module 310 can include one or more of, for example, a computerized device, software executing on a computerized device, and/or a reader/decoder circuit. In one embodiment, authentication module 310 servers as a gatekeeper to application 330 by requiring the code indicating successful biometric verification of the user prior to allowing access to the application. Further, in one embodiment, authentication module 310 provides the code to trusted key authority 320 in order to verify that it belongs to a legitimate key (e.g., when application 330 is security-critical). Authentication module 310 can send a message to application 330, or otherwise allow access to the application, responsive to a successful authentication by trusted key authority 320.
Application 330 is a resource that can be accessed by a verified and authenticated user. Application 330 can be, for example, a casino machine, a keyless lock, a garage door opener, an ATM machine, a hard drive, computer software, a web site, a file, a financial account (e.g. a savings account, checking account, brokerage account, credit card account, credit line, etc.) and the like. In one embodiment, a file includes medical information such as a medical record, insurance information or other healthcare information. Application 330 can execute on the same system as authentication module 310 or on another system in communication with the system of the authentication module. In one embodiment, application module 330 allows access by a user after receiving a message from authentication module 310. At that point, application 330 can allow direct use by the user, or require that communications continue to pass through authentication module 310 for continued authentication.
Trusted key authority 320 is a third-party authority that is present in some embodiments in order to provide enhanced security. In one embodiment, trusted key authority 320 verifies that a code from a biometric key is legitimate. To do so, the trusted key authority 320 stores a list of codes for legitimate biometric keys. The list can be batched or updated each time a new user/key is enrolled. In one embodiment, trusted key authority 320 can also store a profile associated with a biometric key. The profile describes the user associated with the key, the key itself, the trusted key authority, and/or other relevant information. In one embodiment, the functionality of trusted key authority 320 is provided by a server or other computerized device.
In an open system, where unknown users can attempt authentication (e.g., in a public grocery store), trusted key authority 320 provides verification that a key presenting a certain code is legitimate. By contrast, in a closed system, only known users are legitimate (e.g., owners of a home), the trusted key authority 320 can be maintained locally and serves to verify that the key belongs to one of the limited number of users that can use the system.
In various situations, authentication of the key is needed 430 (e.g., by authentication module 310). In one embodiment, authentication can be required prior to allowing access to an application (e.g., application 330). For example, a user can be standing proximate to a slot machine in a casino which requires that a user be over the age of 21. The slot machine can detect the biometric key in the user's pocket, and, in response, spawn a conspicuous pop-up window on the slot machine requesting age verification. Alternatively, the biometric key can blink an LED. In other embodiments, biometric verification is not necessary and only the key itself is authenticated.
The biometric key establishes communication with the authentication module using various techniques. In one embodiment, the key and authentication module engage in preliminary data exchanges to determine who and/or what they are (e.g., to ascertain that they belong to the same system). These data exchanges can include challenge-response dialogs, hashing algorithms, and the like in order to ensure that the biometric key and authentication module are themselves legitimate. Further, in one embodiment the key and authentication module establish a secure communications channel. The key performs the biometric verification of the user 440 as described below with reference to
The code is utilized to authenticate the biometric key itself 450, 460 as described below with reference to
The profile describes the user and can include, for example, the user's name, date of birth, age, passwords, account numbers, preferences etc. In some embodiments, the profile stores no or only limited information about the user. For example, the agent might store the date of birth of the user in the profile, but not store any other information about the user. In addition, the profile describes the biometric key and/or key authority. For the biometric key, the profile can store a value indicating the status of the key, such as whether the key is in-service, out-of-service, abandoned, lost, stolen etc. For the key authority, the profile can store a value identifying the key authority.
The agent also collects and persistently stores 520 biometric data from the user. To do so, a fingerprint or eye retina can be scanned and converted to data which is then persistently stored in the biometric key. In one embodiment, the agent does not retain the biometric data. Since this step occurs under control of the agent, the agent can be certain that the biometric data stored within the key matches the user who presented the identification. The agent also obtains the code (e.g., device ID) from the biometric key in which the biometric data was stored. The agent associates the code and the profile using a table and/or other data structure.
If there is a match, the subject is verified 640 as the user. The code indicating a successful verification is wirelessly sent 650 from the biometric key (e.g., by RF communication module 230).
In some embodiments, the biometric key provides multiple codes and/or other data values. For example, the key can provide a device ID code that the authentication module can provide to the trusted key authority in order to authenticate the key, and the key can provide a secret decryption value that can be used to communicate with the biometric key. As used herein, the term “code” is intended to include one or more of these values, depending upon the specific embodiment.
The order in which the steps of the methods of the present invention are performed is purely illustrative in nature. The steps can be performed in any order or in parallel, unless otherwise indicated by the present disclosure. The methods of the present invention may be performed in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof operating on a single computer or multiple computers of any type. Software embodying the present invention may comprise computer instructions in any form (e.g., source code, object code, interpreted code, etc.) stored in any computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic media, a compact disc, a DVD, etc.). Such software may also be in the form of an electrical data signal embodied in a carrier wave propagating on a conductive medium or in the form of light pulses that propagate through an optical fiber.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspect and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications, as fall within the true spirit of this invention.
In the above description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus can be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it can comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
The algorithms and modules presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems can be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages can be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, the modules, features, attributes, methodologies, and other aspects of the invention can be implemented as software, hardware, firmware or any combination of the three. Of course, wherever a component of the present invention is implemented as software, the component can be implemented as a standalone program, as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate programs, as a statically or dynamically linked library, as a kernel loadable module, as a device driver, and/or in every and any other way known now or in the future to those of skill in the art of computer programming. Additionally, the present invention is in no way limited to implementation in any specific operating system or environment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that the above-described implementations are merely exemplary, and many changes can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that come within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
The present application claims priority, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/521,982, filed Oct. 23, 2014, entitled “Biometric Personal Data Key (PDK) Authentication, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/710,109 filed Dec. 10, 2012 and entitled “Biometric Personal Data Key (PDK) Authentication” which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/314,199, filed Dec. 20, 2005 and entitled “Biometric Personal Data Key (PDK) Authentication,” which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/637,538, filed on Dec. 20, 2004, and of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/652,765, filed on Feb. 14, 2005, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Applicants hereby notify the USPTO that the claims of the present application are different from those of the aforementioned related applications. Therefore, Applicant rescinds any disclaimer of claim scope made in the parent application or any other predecessor application in relation to the present application. The Examiner is therefore advised that any such disclaimer and the cited reference that it was made to avoid may need to be revisited at this time. Furthermore, the Examiner is also reminded that any disclaimer made in the present application should not be read into or against the parent application, the grandparent application or any other related application.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3739329 | Lester | Jun 1973 | A |
3761883 | Alvarez et al. | Sep 1973 | A |
4430705 | Cannavino et al. | Feb 1984 | A |
4661821 | Smith | Apr 1987 | A |
4759060 | Hayashi et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
4993068 | Piosenka et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5187352 | Blair et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
5224164 | Elsner | Jun 1993 | A |
5296641 | Stelzel | Mar 1994 | A |
5307349 | Shloss et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5317572 | Satoh | May 1994 | A |
5325285 | Araki | Jun 1994 | A |
5392287 | Tiedemann, Jr. et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5392433 | Hammersley et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5410588 | Ito | Apr 1995 | A |
5416780 | Patel | May 1995 | A |
5422632 | Bucholtz et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5428684 | Akiyama et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5450489 | Ostrover et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
5473690 | Grimonprez et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
5481265 | Russell | Jan 1996 | A |
5506863 | Meidan et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5517502 | Bestler et al. | May 1996 | A |
5541583 | Mandelbaum | Jul 1996 | A |
5563947 | Kikinis | Oct 1996 | A |
5589838 | McEwan | Dec 1996 | A |
5594227 | Deo | Jan 1997 | A |
5598474 | Johnson | Jan 1997 | A |
5611050 | Theimer et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5619251 | Kuroiwa et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5623552 | Lane | Apr 1997 | A |
5629980 | Stefik et al. | May 1997 | A |
5644354 | Thompson et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5666412 | Handelman et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5689529 | Johnson | Nov 1997 | A |
5692049 | Johnson et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5719387 | Fujioka | Feb 1998 | A |
5729237 | Webb | Mar 1998 | A |
5760705 | Glessner et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5760744 | Sauer | Jun 1998 | A |
5773954 | VanHorn | Jun 1998 | A |
5784464 | Akiyama et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5799085 | Shona | Aug 1998 | A |
5825876 | Peterson, Jr. | Oct 1998 | A |
5835595 | Fraser et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5838306 | O'Connor et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5854891 | Postlewaite et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
5857020 | Peterson, Jr. | Jan 1999 | A |
5886634 | Muhme | Mar 1999 | A |
5892825 | Mages et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5892900 | Ginter et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5894551 | Huggins et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
5898880 | Ryu | Apr 1999 | A |
5910776 | Black | Jun 1999 | A |
5917913 | Wang | Jun 1999 | A |
5928327 | Wang et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5991399 | Graunke et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5991749 | Morrill, Jr. | Nov 1999 | A |
6016476 | Maes et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6018739 | McCoy | Jan 2000 | A |
6025780 | Bowers | Feb 2000 | A |
6035038 | Campinos et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6035329 | Mages et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6038334 | Hamid | Mar 2000 | A |
6040786 | Fujioka | Mar 2000 | A |
6041410 | Hsu | Mar 2000 | A |
6042006 | Van Tilburg et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
6055314 | Spies et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6070796 | Sirbu | Jun 2000 | A |
6088730 | Kato et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6104290 | Naguleswaran | Aug 2000 | A |
6104334 | Allport | Aug 2000 | A |
6110041 | Walker et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6121544 | Petsinger | Sep 2000 | A |
6134283 | Sands et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6138010 | Rabe et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6148142 | Anderson | Nov 2000 | A |
6148210 | Elwin et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6161179 | Seidel | Dec 2000 | A |
6177887 | Jerome | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6185316 | Buffam | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6209089 | Selitrennikoff et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6219109 | Raynesford et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6219439 | Burger | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6219553 | Panasik | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6237848 | Everett | May 2001 | B1 |
6240076 | Kanerva et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6247130 | Fritsch | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6249869 | Drupsteen et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6256737 | Bianco et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6266415 | Campinos et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6270011 | Gottfried | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6279111 | Jensenworth et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6279146 | Evans et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6295057 | Rosin et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6325285 | Baratelli | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6336121 | Lyson et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6336142 | Kato et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6343280 | Clark | Jan 2002 | B2 |
6345347 | Biran | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6363485 | Adams et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6367019 | Ansell et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6369693 | Gibson | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6370376 | Sheath | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6381747 | Wonfor et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6385596 | Wiser et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6392664 | White et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6397387 | Rosin et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6401059 | Shen et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6411307 | Rosin et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6424249 | Houvener | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6424715 | Saito | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6425084 | Rallis et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6434403 | Ausems et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6434535 | Kupka et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6446130 | Grapes | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6463534 | Geiger et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6480101 | Kelly et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6480188 | Horsley | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6484946 | Matsumoto et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
6487663 | Jaisimha et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6490443 | Freeny, Jr. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6510350 | Steen, III et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6522253 | Saltus | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6523113 | Wehrenberg | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6529949 | Getsin et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
6546418 | Schena et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6550011 | Sims, III | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6563465 | Frecska | May 2003 | B2 |
6563805 | Ma et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6564380 | Murphy | May 2003 | B1 |
6577238 | Whitesmith et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6593887 | Luk et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6597680 | Lindskog et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6607136 | Atsmon et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6628302 | White et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6632992 | Hasegawa | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6633981 | Davis | Oct 2003 | B1 |
6645077 | Rowe | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6647417 | Hunter et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6657538 | Ritter | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6658566 | Hazard | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6667684 | Waggamon et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6669096 | Saphar et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6671808 | Abbott et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6683954 | Searle | Jan 2004 | B1 |
6697944 | Jones et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6709333 | Bradford et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6711464 | Yap et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6714168 | Berenbaum | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6715246 | Frecska et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6728397 | McNeal | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6737955 | Ghabra et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6758394 | Maskatiya et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6771969 | Chinoy et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6775655 | Peinado et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6785474 | Hirt et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6788640 | Celeste | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6788924 | Knutson et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6795425 | Raith | Sep 2004 | B1 |
6804825 | White et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
6806887 | Chernock et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6839542 | Sibecas et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6850147 | Prokoski et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
6853988 | Dickinson et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
6859812 | Poynor | Feb 2005 | B1 |
6861980 | Rowitch et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6873975 | Hatakeyama et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6879567 | Callaway et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
6879966 | Lapsley et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
6886741 | Salveson | May 2005 | B1 |
6889067 | Willey | May 2005 | B2 |
6891822 | Gubbi et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
6892307 | Wood et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
6930643 | Byrne et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6947003 | Fluor | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6950941 | Lee et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
6957086 | Bahl et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6963270 | Gallagher, III et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6963971 | Bush et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
6973576 | Giobbi | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6975202 | Rodriguez et al. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
6980087 | Zukowski | Dec 2005 | B2 |
6983882 | Cassone | Jan 2006 | B2 |
6999032 | Pakray et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7012503 | Nielsen | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7031945 | Donner | Apr 2006 | B1 |
7049963 | Waterhouse et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7055171 | Martin et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
7058806 | Smeets et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7061380 | Orlando et al. | Jun 2006 | B1 |
7068623 | Barany et al. | Jun 2006 | B1 |
7072900 | Sweitzer et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7079079 | Jo et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7090126 | Kelly et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7100053 | Brown et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
7111789 | Rajasekaran et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7112138 | Hedrick et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7119659 | Bonalle et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7123149 | Nowak et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7130668 | Chang et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7137008 | Hamid | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7137012 | Kamibayashi et al. | Nov 2006 | B1 |
7139914 | Arnouse | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7155416 | Shatford | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7159114 | Zajkowski et al. | Jan 2007 | B1 |
7159765 | Frerking | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7167987 | Angelo | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7168089 | Nguyen et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7167797 | Zai et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7191466 | Hamid et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
7209955 | Major et al. | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7218944 | Cromer et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7225161 | Lam et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7230908 | Vanderaar et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7231068 | Tibor | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7231451 | Law et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7242923 | Perera et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7249177 | Miller | Jul 2007 | B1 |
7272723 | Abbott et al. | Sep 2007 | B1 |
7277737 | Vollmer et al. | Oct 2007 | B1 |
7278025 | Saito | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7295119 | Rappaport et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7305560 | Giobbi | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7310042 | Seifert | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7314164 | Bonalle | Jan 2008 | B2 |
7317799 | Hammersmith et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
7319395 | Puzio et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
7330108 | Thomas | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7333002 | Bixler et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7336181 | Nowak et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7336182 | Baranowski et al. | Feb 2008 | B1 |
7337326 | Palmer et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7341181 | Bonalle | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7349557 | Tibor | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7356393 | Schlatre et al. | Apr 2008 | B1 |
7356706 | Scheurich | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7361919 | Setlak | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7370366 | Lacan et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7380202 | Lindhorst et al. | May 2008 | B1 |
7382799 | Young et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
7387235 | Gilbert et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7401731 | Pletz et al. | Jul 2008 | B1 |
7424134 | Chou | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7447911 | Chou et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7458510 | Zhou | Dec 2008 | B1 |
7460836 | Smith et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7461444 | Deaett et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7466232 | Neuwirth | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7472280 | Giobbi | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7512806 | Lemke | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7525413 | Jung et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7529944 | Hamid | May 2009 | B2 |
7545312 | Kiang et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7565329 | Lapsley et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
7573382 | Choubey et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7573841 | Lee et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7574734 | Fedronic et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
7583238 | Cassen et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7583643 | Smith et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7587611 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7595765 | Hirsch | Sep 2009 | B1 |
7603564 | Adachi | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7606733 | Shmueli et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7617523 | Das et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7620184 | Marque Pucheu | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7624417 | Dua | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7640273 | Wallmeier et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7644443 | Matsuyama et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7646307 | Plocher et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7652892 | Shiu et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7676380 | Graves et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7711152 | Davida et al. | May 2010 | B1 |
7715593 | Adams et al. | May 2010 | B1 |
7724717 | Porras et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7724720 | Korpela et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7764236 | Hill et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7765181 | Thomas et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7773754 | Buer et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7774613 | Lemke | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7780082 | Handa et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7796551 | Machiraju et al. | Sep 2010 | B1 |
7813822 | Hoffberg | Oct 2010 | B1 |
7865448 | Pizarro | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7883417 | Bruzzese et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7904718 | Giobbi et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7943868 | Anders et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
7957536 | Nolte | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7961078 | Reynolds et al. | Jun 2011 | B1 |
7984064 | Fusari | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7996514 | Baumert et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8026821 | Reeder et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8036152 | Brown et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8077041 | Stern et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8081215 | Kuo et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8082160 | Collins, Jr. et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8089354 | Perkins | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8112066 | Ben Ayed | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8135624 | Ramalingam et al. | Mar 2012 | B1 |
8171528 | Brown | May 2012 | B1 |
8193923 | Rork et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8215552 | Rambadt | Jul 2012 | B1 |
8248263 | Shervey et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8258942 | Lanzone et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
8294554 | Shoarinejad et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8296573 | Bolle et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8307414 | Zerfos et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8325011 | Butler et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8340672 | Brown et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8352730 | Giobbi | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8373562 | Heinze et al. | Feb 2013 | B1 |
8387124 | Smetters et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8390456 | Puleston et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8395484 | Fullerton | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8410906 | Dacus et al. | Apr 2013 | B1 |
8421606 | Collins, Jr. et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8424079 | Adams et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8432262 | Talty et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8433919 | Giobbi et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8484696 | Gatto et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
8494576 | Bye et al. | Jul 2013 | B1 |
8508336 | Giobbi et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8519823 | Rinkes | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8522019 | Michaelis | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8558699 | Butler et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8577091 | Ivanov et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8646042 | Brown | Feb 2014 | B1 |
8678273 | McNeal | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8738925 | Park et al. | May 2014 | B1 |
8799574 | Corda | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8856539 | Weiss | Oct 2014 | B2 |
8914477 | Gammon | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8918854 | Giobbi | Dec 2014 | B1 |
8931698 | Ishikawa et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8979646 | Moser et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
9037140 | Brown | May 2015 | B1 |
9049188 | Brown | Jun 2015 | B1 |
9230399 | Yacenda | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9235700 | Brown | Jan 2016 | B1 |
9276914 | Woodward et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9305312 | Kountotsis et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
9405898 | Giobbi | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9418205 | Giobbi | Aug 2016 | B2 |
9542542 | Giobbi et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
9679289 | Brown | Jun 2017 | B1 |
9892250 | Giobbi | Feb 2018 | B2 |
10073960 | Brown | Sep 2018 | B1 |
10110385 | Rush et al. | Oct 2018 | B1 |
20010024428 | Onouchi | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010026619 | Howard | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010027121 | Boesen | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010027439 | Holtzman et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010044337 | Rowe et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20020004783 | Paltenghe et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020007456 | Peinado et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020010679 | Felsher | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020013772 | Peinado | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020014954 | Fitzgibbon et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020015494 | Nagai et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020019811 | Lapsley et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020022455 | Salokannel et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020023032 | Pearson | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020023217 | Wheeler | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020026424 | Akashi | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020037732 | Gous et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020052193 | Chetty | May 2002 | A1 |
20020055908 | Di Giorgio et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
20020056043 | Glass | May 2002 | A1 |
20020062249 | Iannacci | May 2002 | A1 |
20020068605 | Stanley | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020071559 | Christensen | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020073042 | Maritzen et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020080969 | Giobbi | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020083318 | Larose | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020086690 | Takahashi et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020089890 | Fibranz et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020091646 | Lake | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020095586 | Doyle | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020095587 | Doyle | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020098888 | Rowe et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020100798 | Farrugia et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020103027 | Rowe et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020104006 | Boate | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020104019 | Chatani | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020105918 | Yamada et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020108049 | Xu et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020109580 | Shreve | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020111919 | Weller et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020116615 | Nguyen | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020124251 | Hunter et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020128017 | Virtanen | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020129262 | Kutaragi | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020138438 | Bardwell | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020138767 | Hamid et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20020140542 | Prokoski et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020141586 | Margalit et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020143623 | Dayley | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020143655 | Elston et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020144117 | Faigle | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020147653 | Shmueli et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020148892 | Bardwell | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020150282 | Kinsella | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020152391 | Willins et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020153996 | Chan et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020158121 | Stanford-Clark | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020158750 | Almalik | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020158765 | Pape et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020160820 | Winkler | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020174348 | Ting | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020177460 | Beasley et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020178063 | Gravelle et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20020191816 | Maritzen et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20020196963 | Bardwell | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20020199120 | Schmidt | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030022701 | Gupta | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030034877 | Miller et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030036416 | Pattabiraman et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030036425 | Kaminkow et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030046228 | Berney | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030046552 | Hamid | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030051173 | Krueger | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030054868 | Paulsen et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030054881 | Hedrick et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030055689 | Block et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030063619 | Montano et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030079133 | Breiter et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030088441 | McNerney | May 2003 | A1 |
20030109274 | Budka et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030115351 | Giobbi | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030115474 | Khan | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030117969 | Koo et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030117980 | Kim et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030120934 | Ortiz | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030127511 | Kelly et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030128866 | McNeal | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030137404 | Bonneau, Jr. et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030139190 | Steelberg et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030146835 | Carter | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030149744 | Bierre | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030163388 | Beane | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030167207 | Berardi et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030169697 | Suzuki et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030172037 | Jung | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030174839 | Yamagata et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030176218 | LeMay et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030186739 | Paulsen et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030195842 | Reece | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20030213840 | Livingston et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030223394 | Parantainen et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030225703 | Angel | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030226031 | Proudler et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030233458 | Kwon et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040002347 | Hoctor et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040015403 | Moskowitz et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040022384 | Flores | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040029620 | Karaoguz | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040029635 | Giobbi | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040030764 | Birk et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040030894 | Labrou et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040035644 | Ford et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040039909 | Cheng | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040048570 | Oba et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040048609 | Kosaka | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040059682 | Hasumi et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040059912 | Zizzi | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040064728 | Scheurich | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040068656 | Lu | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040073792 | Noble et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040081127 | Gardner et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040082385 | Silva et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040098597 | Giobbi | May 2004 | A1 |
20040114563 | Shvodian | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040117644 | Colvin | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040123106 | D'Angelo et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040123127 | Teicher | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040127277 | Walker et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040128162 | Schlotterbeck et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040128389 | Kopchik | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040128500 | Cihula et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040128508 | Wheeler et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040129787 | Saito | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040137912 | Lin | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040158746 | Hu et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040166875 | Jenkins et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040167465 | Mihai et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
20040193925 | Safriel | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040203923 | Mullen | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040208139 | Iwamura | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040209690 | Bruzzese et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040209692 | Schober et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040214582 | Lan et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040215615 | Larsson et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040217859 | Pucci et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040218581 | Cattaneo | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040222877 | Teramura et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040230488 | Beenau et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040234117 | Tibor | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20040243519 | Perttila et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040246103 | Zukowski | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040246950 | Parker et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040252659 | Yun et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040253996 | Chen et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040254837 | Roshkoff | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040255139 | Giobbi | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040255145 | Chow | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050001028 | Zuili | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050002028 | Kasapi et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050005136 | Chen | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050006452 | Aupperle | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050025093 | Yun et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050028168 | Marcjan | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050035897 | Perl et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050039027 | Shapiro | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050040961 | Tuttle | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050047386 | Yi | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050049013 | Chang et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050050208 | Chatani | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050050324 | Corbett et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050054431 | Walker et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050055242 | Bello et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050055244 | Mullan et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050058292 | Diorio et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050074126 | Stanko | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050076242 | Breuer | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050081040 | Johnson et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050086115 | Pearson | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050089000 | Bae et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050090200 | Karaoguz et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050091338 | de la Huerga | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050094657 | Sung et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050097037 | Tibor | May 2005 | A1 |
20050105600 | Culum et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050105734 | Buer | May 2005 | A1 |
20050108164 | Salafia et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050109836 | Ben-Aissa | May 2005 | A1 |
20050109841 | Ryan et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050113070 | Okabe | May 2005 | A1 |
20050114149 | Rodriguez et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050114150 | Franklin | May 2005 | A1 |
20050116020 | Smolucha et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050119979 | Murashita et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050124294 | Wentink | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050138390 | Adams et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050138576 | Baumert et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050139656 | Arnouse | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050141451 | Yoon et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050152394 | Cho | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050154897 | Holloway et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050169292 | Young | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050180385 | Jeong et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182661 | Allard et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050182975 | Guo et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050187792 | Harper | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050195975 | Kawakita | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050200453 | Turner | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050201389 | Shimanuki et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050210270 | Rohatgi et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050212657 | Simon | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050215233 | Perera et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050216313 | Claud et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050216639 | Sparer et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050220046 | Falck et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050229007 | Bolle et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050229240 | Nanba | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050242921 | Zimmerman et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050243787 | Hong et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050251688 | Nanavati et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050253683 | Lowe | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050264416 | Maurer | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050269401 | Spitzer et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050272403 | Ryu et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050281320 | Neugebauer | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050282558 | Choi et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20050284932 | Sukeda et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060001525 | Nitzan et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060014430 | Liang et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060022042 | Smets et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060022046 | Iwamura | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060022800 | Krishna et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060025180 | Rajkotia et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060026673 | Tsuchida | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060030353 | Jun | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060034250 | Kim et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060041746 | Kirkup et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060058102 | Nguyen et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060063575 | Gatto et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060069814 | Abraham et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060072586 | Callaway, Jr. et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060074713 | Conry et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060076401 | Frerking | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060078176 | Abiko et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060087407 | Stewart et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060089138 | Smith et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060097949 | Luebke et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060111955 | Winter et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060113381 | Hochstein et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060136728 | Gentry et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060136742 | Giobbi | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060143441 | Giobbi | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060144943 | Kim | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060156027 | Blake | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060158308 | McMullen et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060165060 | Dua | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060170565 | Husak et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060173991 | Piikivi | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060187029 | Thomas | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060190348 | Ofer et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060190413 | Harper | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060194598 | Kim et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060195576 | Rinne et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060198337 | Hoang et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060205408 | Nakagawa et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060208066 | Finn et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060208853 | Kung et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060222042 | Teramura et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060229909 | Kaila et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060237528 | Bishop et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060238305 | Loving et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060268891 | Heidari-Bateni et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060273176 | Audebert et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060274711 | Nelson, Jr. et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060279412 | Holland et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060286969 | Talmor et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060290580 | Noro et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060293925 | Flom | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060294388 | Abraham et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070005403 | Kennedy et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070007331 | Jasper et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070008070 | Friedrich | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070008916 | Haugli et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070016800 | Spottswood et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070019845 | Kato | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070029381 | Braiman | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070032288 | Nelson et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070033072 | Bildirici | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070033150 | Nwosu | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070038751 | Jorgensen | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070050259 | Wesley | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060095 | Subrahmanya et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070060319 | Block et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070064742 | Shvodian | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070069852 | Mo et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070072636 | Worfolk et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070073553 | Flinn et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070084523 | McLean | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070087682 | DaCosta | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070087834 | Moser et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070100939 | Bagley et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070109117 | Heitzmann et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070112676 | Kontio et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070118891 | Buer | May 2007 | A1 |
20070133478 | Armbruster et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070136407 | Rudelic | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20070152826 | August et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070156850 | Corrion | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070158411 | Krieg, Jr. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070159301 | Hirt et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070159994 | Brown et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070169121 | Hunt et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070174809 | Brown et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
20070176756 | Friedrich | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070187266 | Porter et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070192601 | Spain et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070194882 | Yokota et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070204078 | Boccon-Gibod et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070205860 | Jones et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070205861 | Nair et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070213048 | Trauberg | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070214492 | Gopi et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070218921 | Lee et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070219926 | Korn | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070220272 | Campisi et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070229268 | Swan et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070245157 | Giobbi et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070245158 | Giobbi et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070247366 | Smith et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070260883 | Giobbi et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070260888 | Giobbi et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070266257 | Camaisa et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070268862 | Singh et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070271194 | Walker et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070271433 | Takemura | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070277044 | Graf et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070285212 | Rotzoll | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070285238 | Batra | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070288263 | Rodgers | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070288752 | Chan | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070293155 | Liao et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070294755 | Dadhia et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20070296544 | Beenau et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080001783 | Cargonja et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080005432 | Kagawa | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080008359 | Beenau et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080011842 | Curry et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080012685 | Friedrich et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080012767 | Caliri et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080016004 | Kurasaki et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080019578 | Saito et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080028453 | Nguyen et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080046715 | Balazs et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080061941 | Fischer et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080071577 | Highley | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080072063 | Takahashi et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080088475 | Martin | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080090548 | Ramalingam | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080095359 | Schreyer et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080109895 | Janevski | May 2008 | A1 |
20080111752 | Lindackers et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080129450 | Riegebauer | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080148351 | Bhatia et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080149705 | Giobbi et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080150678 | Giobbi et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080156866 | McNeal | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080164997 | Aritsuka et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080169909 | Park et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080186166 | Zhou et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080188308 | Shepherd et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080201768 | Koo et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080209571 | Bhaskar et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080218416 | Handy et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080222701 | Saaranen et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080228524 | Brown | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080235144 | Phillips | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080238625 | Rofougaran et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080250388 | Meyer et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080251579 | Larsen | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080278325 | Zimman et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080289032 | Aoki et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080313728 | Pandrangi et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20080314971 | Faith et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20080316045 | Sriharto et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090002134 | McAllister | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090016573 | McAfee, II et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090024584 | Dharap et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090033464 | Friedrich | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090033485 | Naeve et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090036164 | Rowley | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090045916 | Nitzan et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090052389 | Qin et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20090076849 | Diller | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090081996 | Duggal et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090096580 | Paananen | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090140045 | Evans | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090157512 | King | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090176566 | Kelly | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090199206 | Finkenzeller et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
20090237245 | Brinton et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090237253 | Neuwirth | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090239667 | Rowe et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090310514 | Jeon et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090313689 | Nystrom et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090319788 | Zick et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090320118 | Muller et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090322510 | Berger et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090328182 | Malakapalli et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100007498 | Jackson | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100023074 | Powers et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100037255 | Sheehan et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100077214 | Jogand-Coulomb et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100117794 | Adams et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100134257 | Puleston et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100169442 | Liu et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100169964 | Liu et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100174911 | Isshiki | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100188226 | Seder et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100277283 | Burkart et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100277286 | Burkart et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100291896 | Corda | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100305843 | Yan et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20100328033 | Kamei | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20110072034 | Sly et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110072132 | Shafer et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110082735 | Kannan et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110116358 | Li et al. | May 2011 | A9 |
20110126188 | Bernstein et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110227740 | Wohltjen | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110238517 | Ramalingam et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110246790 | Koh et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110266348 | Denniston, Jr. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110307599 | Saretto et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120086571 | Scalisi et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120182123 | Butler et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120212322 | Idsoe | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120226907 | Hohberger | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20130019295 | Park et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130019323 | Arvidsson et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130044111 | VanGilder et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130111543 | Brown et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20130276140 | Coffing et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130331063 | Cormier et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20140074696 | Glaser | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140266713 | Sehgal et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20160210614 | Hall | Jul 2016 | A1 |
20170085564 | Giobbi et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
H10-49604 | Feb 1998 | JP |
0062505 | Oct 2000 | WO |
0122724 | Mar 2001 | WO |
0135334 | May 2001 | WO |
0175876 | Oct 2001 | WO |
0177790 | Oct 2001 | WO |
05050450 | Oct 2001 | WO |
05086802 | Oct 2001 | WO |
2004038563 | May 2004 | WO |
2007087558 | Aug 2007 | WO |
Entry |
---|
“Rajendran Jeyaprakash, Jin Lee, Subir Biswas, Jae Mook Kim, Secured Smart Card Using Palm Vein Biometric On-card-Process, Aug. 28-30, 2008, IEEE Xplore, INSPEC #10205191” (Year: 2008). |
“Geetha Govindan, Suresh Kumar Bakakrishnan, Rejith Lalitha Ratheendran, Saji Koyippurathu Sivadasan, Real time security management using RFID, Biometric and Smart Messages, Aug. 20-22, 2009, IEEE Xplore, INSPEC # 10906130” (Year: 2009). |
“Sweta Singh, Akhilesh Singh, Rakesh Kumar, A constraint-based biometric scheme on ATM and swiping machine, Mar. 11-13, 2016, IEEE Xplore, INSPEC $ 16156324” (Year: 2016). |
Vainio, Juha., “Bluetooth Security”, dated 2000, Helskinki University of Technology, p. 1-20. |
Katz et al., “Smart Cards and Biometrics in Privacy-Sensitive Secure Personal Identification System”, dated 2002, Smart Card Alliance, p. 1-29. |
Dai et al., “Toward Blockchain-Based Accounting and Assurance”, 2017, Journal of Information Systems, pp. 5-21 (Year: 2017). |
Alliance Activities: Publications: Identity-Smart Card Alliance, Smart Card Alliance, 1997-2007, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet, https://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/publications-identity. |
Antonoff, Michael, Visiting Video Valley, Sound Vision, pp. 116 and 118-119, Nov. 2001. |
Applying Biometrics to Door Access, Security Magazine, Sep. 26, 2002 [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.securitymagazine.com/CDA/Articles/Technologies/3ae610eaa34d8010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0. |
BioPay, LLC, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About BioPay, BioPay, LLC, 2007, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 1, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.biopay.com/faqs-lowes.asp. |
Bluetooth, www.bluetoothcom, Printed Jlllle l, 2000. |
Blum, Jonathan , Digital Rights Managment May Solve The Napster Problem, Technoloav Investor Industrvsector (Oct. 2000),24-27. |
Content protection plan targets wireless home networks, www.eetimes.com, Jan. 11, 2002. |
Debow, Credit/Debit Debuts in Midwest Smart Card Test, Computers in Banking, v6, n11, p. 10, Nov. 1989. |
Dennis, Digital Passports Need Not Infringe Civil Liberties, Newsbytes, Dec. 2, 1999, 2 pages. |
Farouk, Authentication Mechanisms in Grid Computing Environment Comparative Study, 2012, IEEE, p. 1-6. |
Fasca, Chad. The Circuit, Electronic News 45(45). (Nov. 8, 1999),20. |
Firecrest Shows How Truly Commercially-Minded Companies Will Exploit the Internet, Computergram International, Jan. 18, 1996. 2pgs. |
Kontzer, Tony , Thomson Bets on Smart Cards for Video Encryption, www.informationweek.com, Jun. 7, 2001 (Also listed under Press Release). |
Lake, Matt. Downloading for Dollars, Sound Vision. (Nov. 2000),137-138. |
Lewis, Sony and Visa in On-Line Entertainment Venture, New York Times, v145, Nov. 16, 1995. 1 pg. |
Liu et al. 2001. A Practical Guide to Biometric Security Technology. IT Professional 3, 1 (Jan. 2001), 27-32. DOI=10.1109/6294_899930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6294.899930. |
McIver, R. et al., Identification and Verification Working Together, BioscryptTM, Aug. 27, 2004, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.ibia.org/membersadmin/whitepapers/pdf/15/Identification%20and%20Verification%20Working%20Together.pdf. |
Micronas and Thomson multimedia Showcase a New Copy Protection System That Will Drive the Future of Digital Television, www.micronas.com, Jan. 8, 2002. |
Nilsson, J. et al., Match-On-Card for Java Cards, Precise Biometrics, White Paper, Apr. 2004, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.ibia.org/membersadmin/whitepapers/pdf/17/Precise%20Match-on-Card%20for%20Java%20Cards.pdf. |
Nordin, B., Match-On-Card Technology, PreciseTM Biometrics, White Paper, Apr. 2004, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.ibia.org/membersadmin/whitepapers/pdf/17/Precise%20Match-on-Card%20technology.pdf. |
Paget, Paul, The Security Behind Secure Extranets, Enterprise Systems Journal, (Dec. 1999), 4 pgs. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US04/38124, dated Apr. 7, 2005, 10 pages. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US05/07535, dated Dec. 6, 2005, 6 pages. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US05/43447, dated Feb. 22, 2007, 7 pages. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US05/46843, dated Mar. 1, 2007, 10 pages. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US07/11103, dated Apr. 23, 2008, 9 pages. |
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US07/11105, dated Oct. 20, 2008, 10 pages. |
PCT International Search Report PCT/US07/11104, Jun. 26, 2008, 9 pages. |
PCT International Search Report, PCT/US07/11102, dated Oct. 3, 2008, 11 pages. |
Pope, Oasis Digital Signature Services: Digital Signing without the Headaches, Internet Computing IEEE, vol. 10, 2006, pp. 81-84. |
SAFModuleTM: A Look Into Strong Authentication, saflink Corporation, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.ibia.org/membersadmin/whitepapers/pdf/6/SAFmod_WP.pdf. |
Sapsford, Jathon, E-Business: Sound Waves Could Help Ease Web-Fraud Woes, Wall Street Journal, (Aug. 14, 2000), B1. |
Say Hello to Bluetooth, Bluetooth Web site 4 pages. |
Smart Card Alliance Report, Contactless Technology for Secure Physical Access: Technology and Standsards Choices, Smart Card Alliance, Oct. 2002, p. 1-48. |
Smart Cards and Biometrics White Paper, Smart Card Alliance, May 2002, [online] [Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007] Retrieved from the Internet http://www.securitymanagement.com/library/smartcard_faqtech0802.pdf. |
Thomson multimedia unveils copy protection proposal designed to provide additional layer of digital content security, www.thomson-multimedia.com, May 30, 2001. 2 pgs. |
Van Winkle, William, Bluetooth the King of Connectivity, Laptop Buyers Guide and Handbook (Jan. 2000), 148-153. |
Wade, W., Using Fingerprints to Make Payments at POS Slowly Gaining Popularity, Credit Union Journal, International Biometric Group, Apr. 21, 2003, online. Retrieved on Jan. 7, 2007. http://www.biometricgroup.com/in_the_news/04.21.03.html. |
Wallace, Bob, The Internet Unplugged, InformationWeek, 765(22), (Dec. 13, 1999), 22-24. |
Weber, Thomas E., In the Age of Napster, Protecting Copyright is a Digital Arms Race, Wall Street Journal, (Jul. 24, 2000), B1. |
What is a File, Apr. 30, 1998, http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/editors/whatisafile.html.accessed Mar. 11, 2010 via http://waybackmachine.org/19980615000000*/http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/editors/whatisafile.html. |
Yoshida, Junko, Content Protection Plan Targets Wireless Home Networks, www.eetimes.com, Jan. 11, 2002, 2 pgs. |
Chen, et al. “On Enhancing Biometric Authentication with Data Protection.” KES2000. Fourth International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No. 00TH8516), vol. 1, 2000, pp. 249-252 vol. 1. |
Noore, A. “Highly Robust Biometric Smart Card Design.” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 46, No. 4, 2000, pp. 1059-1063. |
Anonymous, “Applying Biometrics to Door Access,” Security Magazine, Sep. 26, 2002, retrieved from http://www.securitymagazine.com/CDA/Articles/Technologies/3ae610eaa34d8010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0___ on Jan. 7, 2007, 5 pgs. |
Anonymous, “IEEE 802.15.4-2006—Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,” Wikipedia, last modified Mar. 21, 2009, retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.15.4-2006 on Apr. 30, 2009, 5 pgs. |
Apple et al., “Smart Card Setup Guide,” 2006, downloaded from http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/Smart_Card_Setup_Guide.pdf on or before May 3, 2012, 16 pgs. |
Balanis, “Antenna Theory: A Review,” Jan. 1992, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 80, No. 1, p. 13. |
Beaufour, “Personal Servers as Digital Keys,” Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PERCOM'04), Mar. 14-17, 2004, pp. 319-328. |
Blueproximity, “BlueProximity—Leave it—it's locked, come back, it's back too . . . ” Aug. 26, 2007, retrieved from http://blueproximity.sourceforge.net/ via http://www.archive.org/ on or before Oct. 11, 2011, 1 pg. |
Bohrsatom et al., “Automatically unlock PC when entering proximity,” Dec. 7, 2005, retrieved from http://salling.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=3190 on or before Oct. 11, 2011, 3 pgs. |
Brown, “Techniques for Privacy and Authentication in Personal Communication Systems,” Personal Communications, IEEE, Aug. 1995, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 6-10. |
Cisco Systems, Inc., “Antenna Patterns and Their Meaning,” 1992-2007, p. 10. |
Costa, “Imation USB 2.0 Micro Hard Drive,” Nov. 22, 2005, retrieved from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1892209,00.asp on or before Oct. 11, 2011, 2 pgs. |
Dagan, “Power over Ethernet (PoE) Midspan—The Smart Path to Providign Power for IP Telephony,” Product Manager, Systems, Aug. 2005, Power Dsine Inc., 28 pgs. |
Derfler, “How Networks Work,” Bestseller Edition, 1996, Ziff-Davis Press, Emeryville, CA, all pages. |
Giobbi, Specification of U.S. Appl. No. 60/824,758, filed Sep. 6, 2006, all pages. |
Gralla, “How the Internet Works,” Millennium Edition, 1999, Que Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, all pages. |
Hendron, “File Security, Keychains, Encryptioin, and More with Mac OS X (10.3+)” Apr. 4, 2005, downloaded from http://www.johnhendron.net/documents/OSX_Security.pdf on or before May 3, 2012, 30 pgs. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US07/00349, dated Mar. 19, 2008, 10 pgs. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US08/83060, dated Dec. 29, 2008, 9 pgs. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US08/87835, dated Feb. 11, 2009, 8 pgs. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US09/34095, dated Mar. 25, 2009, 11 pgs. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2009/039943, dated Jun. 1, 2009, 9 pgs. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2014/037609, dated Dec. 9, 2014, 13 pgs. |
Lee et al., “Effects of dielectric superstrates on a two-layer electromagnetically coupled patch antenna,” Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Jun. 1989, AP-S. Digest, vol. 2, pp. 26-30, found at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1347. |
Muller, “Desktop Encyclopedia of the Internet,” 1999, Artech House Inc., Norwood, MA, all pages. |
National Criminal Justice Reference Service, “Antenna Types,” Dec. 11, 2006, online at http://ncjrs.gov/pdfffiles1/nij/185030b.pdf, retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/185030b.pdf on Jan. 12, 2011, 1 pg. |
Nel et al., “Generation of Keys for use with the Digital Signature Standard (DSS),” Communications and Signal Processing, Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE South African Symposium, Aug. 6, 1993, pp. 6-11. |
Nerd Vittles, “magicJack: Could It Be the Asterisk Killer?” Aug. 1, 2007, retrieved from http://nerdvittles.com/index.php?p=187 on or before Oct. 11, 2011, 2 pgs. |
Nordin, “Match-on-Card Technology,” Precise Biometrics, white paper, Apr. 2004, retrieved from www.ibia.org/membersadmin/whitepapers/pdf/17/Precise%20Match-on-Card%20technology.pdf on Jan. 7, 2007, 7 pgs. |
Pash, “Automate proximity and location-based computer actions,” Jun. 5, 2007, retrieved from http://lifehacker.com/265822/automate-proximity-and-location+based-computer-actions on or before Oct. 11, 2011, 3 pgs. |
SplashID, “SplashID—Secure Password Manager for PDAs and Smartphones,” Mar. 8, 2007, retrieved from http://www.splashdata.com/splashid/ via http://www.archive.org/ on or before Oct. 11, 2011, 2 pgs. |
Srivastava, “Is Internet security a major issue with respect to the slow acceptance rate of digital signatures,” Jan. 2, 2005, Computer Law & Security Report, pp. 392-404. |
White, “How computers Work,” Millennium Edition, 1999, Que Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, all pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20160171200 A1 | Jun 2016 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60652765 | Feb 2005 | US | |
60637538 | Dec 2004 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 14521982 | Oct 2014 | US |
Child | 15049060 | US | |
Parent | 13710109 | Dec 2012 | US |
Child | 14521982 | US | |
Parent | 11314199 | Dec 2005 | US |
Child | 13710109 | US |