Patent Application
20190275027
The present invention is directed at a series of acyclic bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs that are derivatives of the cyclic products tetrandrine (TETN) and cepharanthine (CEPH). The analogs indicate activity against filovirus infections.
Recent insights gained into the potential mode of action of the filovirus and its interaction with its host cells has identified several natural products that target the two pore channel (TPC2) that permits the release of v-RNA into the cell for further viral proliferation. The natural products tetrandrine (TETN) and cepharanthine (CEPH) have been shown to inhibit viral infections both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the antihypertensive properties of TETN and CEPH pose a challenge for drug candidates related to the natural products which dictates that they be evaluated for their selective inhibition of TPC2 versus other calcium channels. These finding led herein to the identification of structurally related analogs of TETN and CEPH with improved infectivity properties and diminished ion channel inhibition. It is contemplated that the drug candidates targeted will also possess improved aqueous solubility versus the natural products.
The present invention is directed at bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline or a pharmaceutical salt thereof having the following Formula 1:
wherein R1, R2=Me;
R1 and V can combine to form a dioxolane ring,
R2 and W can combine to form a dioxolane ring;
V, W═H, OMe;
R3, R4═H, Me, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, benzyl and C(O)—(CH2)n-N-Me2, n=1-3;
OR1 can be replaced by a H;
X═H, OMe;
Z—Y═C—H, C—OMe, N; and
bi-aryl substitution: 1,4-1,4-; 1,4-1,3-; 1,3-1,3 isomers.
The present invention is also directed at a bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline or a pharmaceutical salt thereof having the following Formula 2:
wherein R1, R2=Me;
In yet still further embodiment, the present invention is directed at the following bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline or a pharmaceutical salt thereof having the following Formula 3:
wherein R1, R2=Me;
In a still further embodiment, the present invention is directed at the following bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline or a pharmaceutical salt thereof having the following Formula 4:
wherein R1, R2=Me;
In the above, reference to the dioxolane analog is reference to the placement of a dioxolane ring at the indicated location. For example, with reference to the first compound presented above, a dioxolane analog would have the following structure:
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of treating an individual infected with or exposed to a filovirus comprising administering to said individual as an active ingredient a compound of Formulas I, II, III or IV or a pharmaceutical salt thereof. The filovirus may include Ebola virus (EBOV) or Marburg virus (MARV).
As noted above, the present invention is directed to the above summarized bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs (Formulas 1, 2, 3 and 4) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof. Reference to a pharmaceutical salt is understood herein to be any one of Formulas 1, 2, 3 or 4 that has been combined with a counter-ion to form a neutral complex. Pharmaceutical salts herein therefore refers to salts of the Formulas 1, 2, 3 or 4 that are acceptable for clinical use. Methods for preparation of pharmaceutical salts are known in the art. For example, reference is made to the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection and Use, 2nd Revised Edition, Wiley-VCG, P. H. Stahl and C. G. Wermuth (Editors), April 2011.
In order to demonstrate the synthesis of the bis-N-methyl-THIQ analogs, five targets (
The synthetic protocols to prepare the symmetrical analog 1 is described in Scheme 1. The SNAr reaction of phenol 6 and fluoride 7 yields the biaryl ether 8 in good yield. Formyl reduction, activation, cyanide displacement followed by hydrolysis provides the diacid 9. Coupling with amine 10 to furnish bis-amide 11. Cyclization to 12 via Bischler Napieralski reaction followed by asymmetric reduction and carbamate protection provides the bis-N-BOC THIQ intermediate which was purified via flash column chromatography. The installment of the N-methyl units is accomplished via N-BOC deprotection and alkylation using formaldehyde to provide 1. A slight modification to this synthetic route was utilized to generate compounds (Table 1): 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45.
The preparation of 2 is described in Scheme 2 and is analogous to the synthetic route utilized to generate 1. The use of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 13 in place of 6 permits the efficient synthesis of the target analog 2. A slight modification to this synthetic route was utilized to generate compound 47 (Table 2).
The preparation of 3 is summarized in Scheme 3. This route is analogous to the synthetic routes for 1 and 2 with the exception of the first step which utilizes an Ullmann coupling protocol to generate the bis-aldehyde 19. The remaining steps are identical to the previous routes to generate the key bis-N-BOC intermediate which was directly reduced to 3. A slight modification to this synthetic route was utilized to generate compounds (Table 3): 51 and 52.
The preparation of compounds 4 is illustrated in Scheme 4. Compound 4 substitutes a pyridine ring to the linking biaryl ether moiety and its synthesis is initiated by treating phenol 6 with 2-broinopyridine 23 to generate 24. The synthetic protocols used to generate 4 are identical to the previously disclosed transformations and are summarized in Scheme 4. A slight modification to this synthetic route was utilized to generate compounds (Tables 1 and 2): 46, 48, 49 and 50.
Compound 5 is an unsymmetrical analog with respect to the two THIQ heterocycles and its preparation is outlined in Scheme 5. The unsymmetrical characteristic of 5 makes it necessary to introduce 29 to generate the arylethyl amide 30. The SN Ar reaction provides the aldehyde 31 which is further converted to the key unsymmetrical bis-amide intermediate 33 as previously described. The remaining synthetic steps to generate 5 have previously been described.
Reference herein is also made to a convergent synthetic route that provides a more structurally diverse set of compounds as summarized in Scheme 6. This strategy targets a variety of phenols (184-10) and arylbromides (IE4-04) which are coupled via an Ullmann protocol to provide the bis-N-formyl intermediate. Hydride reduction produces the target analog B4-14. This synthetic route was utilized to generate the following compounds (Tables 1, 2 and 3): B4-24, B4-17, B4-27, B4-34, B4-37, B4-26, B4-21, B4-22, B4-12, B4-31, B4-32, B4-36, B4-25, B3-34, B3-12 B3-42, B3-46, B3-36 and B3-35.
The synthetic analogs herein were evaluated for their antiviral activity (Ebola virus, EBOV) and off-target calcium channel activity (L-activity). One preferred outcome was to increase the EBOV activity while diminishing their L-channel activity. The data for the 1,4-1,4-analogs are summarized in Table 1 which show EBOV (IC50/nM) and L-channel (IC50/μM) activities. Table 1 also includes tetrandrine (TETN) as a reference to the synthetic analogs. The parent analog B4-14 shows good activity in both the EBOV and L-channel activity. Interestingly, the introduction of methoxy groups at both the linking biaryl ether and the THIQ heterocycles led to improved EBOV activity and a decrease of L-channel activity (B4-14 vs. 1). The same observation is made in the phenoxypyridine analogs where a dramatic drop in L-channel activity is observed with no significant effect on EBOV activity (5 vs. 4). Lastly, the EBOV activities of these analogs were similar to the natural product TETN.
A similar observation is made for the data of the 1,4,3-analogs as summarized in Table 2. The introduction of methoxy groups at both the linking biaryl ether and the THIQ heterocycle led to improved EBOV activity and a decrease of L-channel activity (B4-21 vs. 2). In this case the phenoxypyridine analog (48) did not show a drop in L-channel activity although it lacks a methoxy group at the linking unit.
Lastly, similar observations exist for the data of the 1,3-1,3-analogs as summarized in Table 3. The introduction of methoxy groups at both the linking biaryl ether and the THIQ heterocycle led to good EBOV activity and decreased of L-channel activity (B3-12 vs. 3). A significant drop in L-channel activity is seen by the presence of a single methoxy on the linking biaryl moiety (51 vs. 3). The 1,3-1,3-analogs were also observed to have diminished EBOV activities relative to TETN.
A turbidimetric solubility assay was conducted by diluting test compound solutions prepared in a 1% DMSO in aqueous buffer (0.01 M phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4). An excitation wavelength of 620 nm is used with 7 replicate readings per well. All candidate analogs identified in
A murine study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of analogs 1-4 in
The study was to evaluate the effectiveness of select compounds against an Ebola virus challenge. Compounds 1 and 2 in
Based on the in vivo results, Compound 1 and 2 were selected to proceed into a minimum effective dose in vivo study. Three doses were selected and the results are summarized in Table 6. Overall, the test articles appear to suppress the disease symptoms when compared to the saline control. All control animals succumbed to disease. On the other hand, compounds 1 and 2 in
General procedure for the preparation of phenylacetamides.
Preparation of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide. To a suspension of (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid (6.18 g, 33.93 mmol), 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (5.13 g, 33.93 mmol), HOBt (5.50 g, 40.71 mmol) and TEA (4.12 g, 40.71 mmol) in DMF (68 mL) was added EDCl (7.80 g, 40.71 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (70° C, 4 hr). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) and partitioned with EtOAc (70 mL) and H2O (70 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (70 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 M HCl (2×100 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (2×100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as an amber oil (9.39 g, 88%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.14 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.75 (m 1H), 6.59-6.65 (m 4H), 5.80 (br s, 1H), 5.46 (br t, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.46 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (s, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 171.44, 159.78, 146.90, 145.02, 140.23, 129.55, 126.41, 122.28, 120.98, 114.80, 114.40, 111.78, 111.73, 55.88, 55.13, 43.51, 40.52, 35.42 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 316.0 [M+1]+ (100); 338.0 [M+Na]+ (15).
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide. Tan solid (9.13 g, 97%): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ9.19 (s, 1H), 7.93 (br t, 1H), 7.12-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.97-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.69-6.74 (m, 3H), 6.63-6.65 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.64 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) 5171.00, 159.69, 156.28, 141.48, 130.29, 129.69, 126.96, 121.33, 115.38, 114.65, 111.98, 55.27, 42.04, 40.60, 35.57 ppm.
2-(4-Bromophenyl)-N-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide. Tan solid (14.9 g, 92%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.38 (dd, J=6.6, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.73-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.56 (m, 2H), 5.43 (br s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.68 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H); LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 348.1 [M+1]+ (100), 350.1 (100); 370.1 [M+Na]+ (100), 372.0 (100).
General procedure for the preparation of bi-aryl ethers via SNAr Reaction.
Preparation of 4,4′-oxydibenzaldehyde. To a solution of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4.00 g, 32.23 mmol) in DMF (65 mL) was added K2CO3 (8.90 g, 64.45 mmol) and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (4.00 g, 32.33 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (90° C., 17.5 hr). The reaction mixture was heated further (110° C., 7.5 hr). The reaction mixture was treated with K2CO3 (4.50 g) and heated (120° C., 16 hr). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) and partitioned with EtOAc (100 mL) and H2O (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 M HCl (150 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (150 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a tan solid (7.00 g, 96%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.99 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.20 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 190.61, 161.00, 132.59, 132.07, 119.37 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 227.0 [M+1]+ (100%).
Preparation of 4,4′-oxybis (3-methoxybenzaldehyde). Amber oil (8.63 g, 92%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.93 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ190.86, 151.00, 150.26, 133.25, 125.54, 118.67, 110.85, 56.15 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 287.0 [M+1]+ (100); 309.0 [M+Na]+ (20%).
3-(4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Amber oil (17.3 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.91 (s, 1H), 9.85 (s, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ190.86, 190.10, 155.11, 151.36, 150.55, 144.81, 132.57, 130.28, 129.04, 125.65, 120.15, 116.87, 112.24, 110.76, 56.31, 56.18 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 287.0 [M+1]+ (100%); 309.0 [M+Na]+ (20%).
Amide. Tan Solid (3.11 g, 53%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.90 (s, 1H), 7.83 (dd, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J=6.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.80 (m, 2H), 6,66-6.67 (m, 2H), 5.53 (br s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 4H), 2.76 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 420.0 [M+1]+ (100); 442.0 [M+Na]+ (10).
Amide. Tan semisolid (1.44 g, 28%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.96 (d, J=0.4 Hz, 1H), 8.56 (dd, J=2.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.87 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.67 (m, 2H), 5.55 (br t, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.54 (m, 4H), 2.76 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 421.0 [M+1]+ (100); 443.0 [M+Na]+ (10).
General procedure for the preparation of bi-aryl ethers via Ullmann Coupling.
Preparation of 3,3′-oxybis(4-methoxybenzaldehyde). To a suspension of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (11.30 g, 52.58 mmol), 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4.00 g, 26.29 mmol) and CuO (2.09 g, 26.29 mmol) in pyridine (44 mL) was added K2CO3 (3.64 g, 26.29 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (130° C., 43 hr). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) filtered (Celite), the solid was washed with EtOAc (100 mL) and acetone (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc (200 mL) and 1 M HCl (150 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 M HCl (2×200 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2) using EtOAc:hexanes (10-75%) to provide the title compound as a tan solid (1.8 g, 24%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.82 (s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 287.0 [M+1]+ (100); 309.0 [M+Na]+ (20).
3-(3-Formylphenoxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Brown residue (1.07 g, 8%): ‘H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.56 (s, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ191.59, 190.18, 158.10, 156.64, 144.92, 138.04, 130.48, 130.38, 129.19, 125.18, 123.60, 120.99, 116.58, 112.43, 56.28 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 257.0 [M+1]+ (100); 276.0 [M+Na]+ (15).
General procedure for the preparation of bi-aryl ethers via SNAr Reaction.
Preparation of 6-(4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)pyridine-3-carbaldehyde. To a suspension of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (5.00 g, 32.86 mmol) and 6-bromopyridine-3-carbaldehyde (6.11 g, 32.86 mmol) in DMF (66 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (21.41 g, 65.72 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (100° C., 2.5 hr). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) and partitioned with EtOAc (100 mL) and H2O (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (100 L). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 M HCl (2×100 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (2×100 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a tan solid (7.06 g, 89%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ9.99 (s, 2H), 8.56 (dd, J=2.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.15 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 257.9 [M+1]+ (100); 276.0 [M+Na]+ (20).
General procedure for the preparation of diols.
Preparation of (oxydibenzene-4,1-diyl)dimethanol. To a solution of 4,4′-oxydibenzaldehyde (6.20 g, 27.41 mmol) in MeOH:DCM (55 mL) was added NaBH4 (2.28 g, 60.29 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (RT, 1.0 hr). The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was suspended in H2O (100 mL). The reaction mixture was filtered and the resulting solid was dried under high vacuum to provide the title compound as a white solid (5.13 g, 81%): NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MFIz) δ7.27 (dd, J=6.5, 2.1 Hz, 4H), 6.90 (dd, J=6.5, 2.1 Hz, 4H), 4.42 (s, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ156.05, 137.96, 128.61, 118.62, 62.83 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 413.0 [M−OH]+ (100).
[Oxybis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]dimethanol. Amber oil (14.0 g, 99%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.02 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=8.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 1.82 (br s, 1H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ150.51, 145.30, 136.69, 119.27, 118.57, 111.29, 65.20, 55.94 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 313.0 [M+Na]+ (55); 273.0 [M−OH]+ (100).
{4-[5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl}methanol. Amber oil (15.55 g, 89%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.03 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.79-6.82 (m, 3H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 150.71, 149.88, 146.18, 145.02, 136.98, 133.72, 122.39, 119.36, 119.13, 117.30, 112.40, 111.49, 65.15, 64.82, 56.10, 55.99 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 273.0 [M−OH]+ (100); 313.0 [M+Na]+ (30).
[Oxybis(4-methoxybenzene-3,1-diyl)]dimethanol. Brown residue (1.41 g, 77%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.05 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 272.9 [M−OH]+ (100); 313.0 [M+Na]+ (40).
{3-[5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]phenyl}methanol. Amber residue (0.86 g, 79%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.85-6.88 (m, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ157.96, 150.76, 145.00, 142.77, 133.99, 129.69, 123.48, 121.11, 119.89, 116.61, 115.64, 112.76, 64.78, 64.49, 56.11 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 243.0 [M—OH]+ (100); 283.1 [M+Na]+ (15).
{6-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]pyridine-3-yl}methanol. Tan Solid (4.75 g, 94%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ8.04 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91-6.95 (m, 2H), 4.67 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.60 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 262.0 [M+1]+ (100); 284.0 [M+Na]+ (10).
Alcohol. Tan Solid (2.07 g, 98%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.31 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.76 (m, 1.H), 6.70 (dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.63-6.65 (m, 2H), 5.42 (br t, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.52 (m, 4H), 2.74 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 422.0 [M+1]+ (100); 444.0 [M+Na]+ (10).
Alcohol. Clear semisolid (1.35 g, 93%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ8.01-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1 H.), 7.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.78 (m, 2H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 2H), 5.60 (br t, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.47 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.88, 163.24, 151.96, 159.79, 146.16, 141.75, 140.31, 139.02, 132.59, 130.73, 129.61, 123.34, 121.98, 121.05, 114.46, 113.94, 111.77, 110.71, 62.23, 55.89, 55.14, 43.74, 40.70, 35.45 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 423.0 [M+1]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of di-chlorides
Preparation of bis[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl] ether. To a suspension of (oxydibenzene-4,1-diyl)dimethanol (0.58 g, 2.52 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added SOCl2. (1.20 g, 10.08 mmol, 0.73 mL). The resulting suspension was stirred (RT, 4.5 hr). The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc (75 mL) and NaHCO3 (75 mL).
The organic layer was washed saturated NaHCO3 (100 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a white solid (0.58 g, 86%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.35-7.38 (m, 2H), 6.98-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.58-4.60 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ157.03, 132.62, 130.29, 119.10, 45.84 ppm.
1,1′-Oxybis[4-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxybenzene]. Tan solid (3.01 g, 99%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.01 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J=8.0, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 291.0 [M−Cl]+ (100), 293.1 [M−Cl+2]+ (35); 349.0 [M+Na]+ (100), 351.0 [M+Na+2]+ (60).
4-(Chloromethyl)-1-[5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-2-methoxybenzene. Amber oil (17.08 g, 97%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.10 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86-6.89 (m, 2H), 6.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 150.67, 150.45, 145.86, 145.50, 133.21, 130.21, 124.50, 121.10, 119.37, 118.45, 112.87, 112.42, 56.05, 56.02, 46.34, 46.00 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 291.0 [M−Cl]+ (100), 293.0 [M−Cl+2]+ (35); 349.0 [M+Na]+ (70), 351.0 [M+Na+2]+ (50).
4-(Chloromethyl)-1-[3-(chloromethyl)phenoxy]-2-methoxybenzene. Tan solid (3.40 g, 96%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.24-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.04-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.93-6.97 (m, 3H), 7.87 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 157.84, 151.43, 144.74, 139.12, 134.34, 129.88, 122.79, 121.30, 120.99, 117.28, 117.09, 113.14, 55.99, 46.17, 45.82 ppm.
1,1′-Oxybis(5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxybenzene]. Brown residue (1.5 g, 94%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.11 (dd, J=8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H).
4-(Chloromethyl)-2-[3-(chloromethyl)phenoxy]-1-methoxybenzene. Amber oil (0.82 g, 84%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.27 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.96-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.86-6.89 (m, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ157.89, 151.55, 144.60, 139.16, 130.53, 129.91, 129.40, 122.78, 121.58, 117.27, 117.02, 112.80, 56.08, 45.86, 45.81 ppm.
5-(Chloromethyl)-2-[4-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]pyridine. Tan Solid (4.73 g, 97%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ8.10 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 297.9 [M+1]+ (100); 299.9 [M+2]+ (70).
Chloride. Amber oil (2.07 g, 96%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.31 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88-6.92 (m, 3H), 6.82 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.71-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 2H), 5.48 (br t, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.48-3.53 (m, 4H), 2.74 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 440.0 [M+1]+ (100); 462.0 [M+Na]+ (10).
Chloride. White semisolid (1.35 g, 96%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ8.09-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J=7.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.64-6.67 (m, 2H), 5.54 (br t, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.49 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.70, 163.56, 159.82, 151.95, 147.20, 141.52, 140.29, 139.93, 132.83, 129.64, 127.67, 123.40, 121.93, 121.04, 114.47, 113.88, 111.77, 1.10.97, 55.91, 55.15, 43.81, 43.02, 40.66, 35.47 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 441.0 [M+1]+ (100), 443.0 [M+2] (50); 463.0 [M+Na]+ (10).
General procedure for the preparation of diacetonitriles.
Preparation of 2,2′-(oxydibenzene-4 1-diyl)diacetonitrile. To a solution of his[4-chloromethyl)phenyl] ether (0.56 g, 2.10 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added NaCN (0.62 g, 12.58 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (70° C., 4.5 hr). The reaction mixture was partitioned with EtOAc (50 mL) and H2O (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 M HCl (2×100 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (2×100 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a tan solid (0.52 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.30-7.32 (m, 4H), 6.99-7.02 (m, 4H), 3.74 (s, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ156.77, 129.53, 124.96, 119.50, 117.86, 23.00 ppm.
2,2′-[Oxybis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]diacetonitrile. Tan solid (2.75 g, 97%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ6.93 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.83 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 331.0 [M+Na]+ (100).
{4-[5-(Cyanomethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3-methoxyphnyl}acetonitrile. Amber oil (16.42 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.04-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.62 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ150.87, 150.17, 146.04, 145.16, 125.92, 123.48, 122.35, 120.42, 119.38, 118.12, 117.90, 112.89, 112.27, 56.10, 23.38, 22.85 ppm, the remaining two peaks were not detected arid are believed to overlap with the peaks at 118.12 and 56.10 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 309.0 [M+1]+ (100); 331.0 [M+Na]+ (100).
{3-[4-(Cyanomethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]phenyl}acetonitrile. Amber oil (3.10 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.29 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.97 (br s, 1H), 6.84-6.91 (m, 4H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ158.31, 151.87, 144.00, 131.62, 130.34, 127.12, 122.08, 121.90, 120.68, 117.85, 117.65, 116.44, 116.38, 112.58, 56.07, 23.45, 23.41 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 279.0 [M+1]+ (30), 252.0 [M−CN]+ (60); 300.9 [M+Na]+ (100).
2,2′-[Oxybis(4-methoxybenzene-3,1-diyl)]diacetonitrile. Tan solid (1.11 g, 79%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.05-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 309.0 [M+1]+ (25); 331.0 [M+Na]+ (100).
{3-[5-(Cyanomethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]phenyl}acetonitrile. Amber oil (0.82 g, 84%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.30 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.00-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.89 (m, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.67 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ158.20, 151.29, 144.56, 131.64, 130.38, 124.83, 122.70, 122.19, 121.10, 117.82, 117.61, 116.53, 116.45, 113.33, 56.09, 23.48, 22.78 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 279.0 [M+1]+ (20), 252.0 [M−CN]+ (80); 301.0 [M+Na]+ (100).
{6-[4-(Cyanomethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]pyridine-3-yl}acetonitrile. Tan solid (3.80 g, 95%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ8.04-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.94-6.98 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 5H), 3.69 (s, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 280.0 [M+1]+ (100); 301.9 [M+Na]+ (10).
Cyano. Amber oil (1.67 g, 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.23-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.93 (m, 3H), 6.83 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 2H), 5.47 (br t, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.48-3.53 (m, 4H), 2.75 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 431.0 [M+1]+ (100).
Cyano. Amber oil (1.21 g, 92%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ8.04-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.17 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.64-6.67 (m, 2H), 5.56 (br t, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 2H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 3.49 (q, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.66, 163.48, 159.82, 151.88, 146.60, 141.39, 140.28, 138.97, 132.96, 129.62, 123.34, 121.92, 121.03, 120.11 117.19, 114.46, 113.85, 111.76, 111.20, 55.88, 55.14, 43.77, 40.65, 35.46, 20.43 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 432.1 [M+1]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of di-acids.
Preparation of 2,2′-(oxydibenzene-4 1-diyl)diacetic acid. To 2,2′-(oxydibenzene-4,1-diyl)diacetonitrile (0.52 g, 2.09 mmol) was added 30% HCl (10 mL). The resulting suspension was stirred (100° C., 221w). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) and diluted with H2O (10 mL). The solid is collected via filtration, washed with H2O (10 mL) and dried under high vacuum to provide the title compound as a tan solid (0.51 g, 84%): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ12.28 (br s, 2H), 7.20-7.23 (m, 4H) 6.89-6.92 (m, 4H), 3.50 (s, 4H) 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δ173.18, 155.87, 131.38, 130.47, 118.77, 40.25 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 285.0 [M−1]− (100).
2,2′-[Oxybis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]diacetic acid. White foam (4.16 g, 99%): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) 12.31 (br s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 347.0 [M+1]+ (30).
{4-[5-(Carboxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl}acetic acid. Tan foam (18.42 g, 100%): NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ12.27 (br s, 2H), 7.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 6H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 3.43 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δ 173.13, 150.08, 149.29, 149.28, 144.34, 131.10, 128.04, 125.07, 122.11, 119.66, 118.32, 114.82, 113.27, 56.11, 56.05, 40.69, 40.53 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 301.0 [M−CO2H]+ (100), 347.0 [M+1]+ (70); 369.0 [M+Na]+ (35).
{3-[4-(Carboxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]phenyl}acetic acid. White solid (2.85 g, 81%): NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ12.30 (hr s, 2H), 7.22 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=8.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77-6.78 (m, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J=8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.59 (s, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δ173.03, 172.87, 158.23, 151.42, 142.36, 137.13, 132.97, 129.77, 123.52, 122.41, 121.87, 117.39, 115.03, 114.34, 56.01, 40.94, 40.80 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 317.0 [M+1]+ (50), 271.0 [M−CO2H]+ (90); 338.9 [M+Na]+ (100).
2,2′-[Oxybis(4-methoxybenzene-3,1-diyl)]diacetic acid. Tan semisolid (1.11 g, 82%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.96 (dd, J=8.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 347.0 [M+1]+ (90); 368.9 [M+Na]+ (100).
{3-[5-(Carboxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]phenyl}acetic acid. Amber oil (0.82 g, 84%): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ12.23 s, 2H), 7.16 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (br t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.58-6.61 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 3.45 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δ173.11, 172.85, 158.12, 150.56, 143.26, 137.11, 129.76, 128.35, 126.82, 123.56, 123.21, 117.53, 114.29, 113.61, 56.10, 40.91, 39.94 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 317.0 [M+1]+ (35), 271.0 [M−C(O)OH]+ (100); 339.0 [M+Na]+ (35).
{6-[4-(Carboxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]pyridine-3-yl}acetic acid. Tan solid (3.63 g, 90%): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ7.87 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1 7.64 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.98-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.51 (s, 2H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δ 173.08, 172.95, 162.47, 151.63, 147.64, 141.37, 141.01, 133.28, 125.57, 123.18, 122.08, 114.65, 110.05, 55.96, 40.85, 37.05 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 318.0 [M+1]+ (100).
Acid. Amber oil (1.67 g, 82%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.20-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.16 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86-6.89 (m 3H), 6.80 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.68 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.64 (m, 2H), 5.50 (br t, 1H), 3.75-3.76 (m, 7H), 3.62 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.47-3.54 (m, 4H), 2.73 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 450.0 [M+1]+ (100).
Acid. Amber oil (1.02 g, 81%): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ12.37 (hr s, 1H), 8.26 (br s, 1H), 8.08 (br t, 1H), 7.85 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.69-6.86 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.59 (s. 3H), 3.49 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 2H), 3.23-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.64 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δ173.06, 172.94, 170.33, 162.47, 159.66, 151.57, 147.64, 141.35, 141.01, 134.70, 129.69, 125.52, 123.11, 122.08, 121.31, 114.62, 114.21, 111.96, 110.05, 55.89, 55.27, 42.61, 40.83, 37.00, 35.49 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 451.1 [M+1]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of bis-amides.
Preparation of bis-amide. To a suspension of 2,2′-(oxydibenzene-4,1-diyl)diacetic acid (0.48 g, 1.68 mmol), 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (0.51 g, 3.37 mmol), HOBt (0.68 g, 5.05 mmol) and TEA (0.51 g, 5.05 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added EDCl (0.97 g, 5.05 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred (70° C., 19 hr). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) and partitioned with EtOAc (20 mL) and H2O (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ECO Ac (20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 M HCl (2×20 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (2×20 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a tan solid (0.78 g, 83%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 553.0 [M+1]+ (100).
Bis-Amide. Tan foam (7.8 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ6.79 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J=8.4, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 6.66 (dd, J=9.4, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (br t, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.50 (m, 4H), 2.70 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 673.3 [M+1]+ (100).
Bis-amide. Tan foam (4.02 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) 86.87-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.72-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 6H), 6.52-6.57 (m, 2H), 5.44-5.50 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.86 (m, 15H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.39-3.49 (m, 8H), 2.64-2.72 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.87, 170.83, 150.58, 149.85, 149.05, 147.67, 145.81, 144.97, 131.11, 131.04, 130.64, 127.47, 124.90, 121.71, 120.66, 120.64, 119.95, 118.74, 113.57, 112.86, 111.75, 111.67, 111.26, 111.20, 56.01, 55.91, 55.88, 55.83, 43.60, 42.98, 40.80, 35.16, 35.02 ppm, the remaining peaks were not detected and are expected to overlap with the peaks at 111.75, 55.88 and 40.80 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 673.3.0 [M+1]+ (100).
Bis-Amide. Tan foam (3.61 g, 98%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.24 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=8.0, 1.2 Hz, 3H), 6.80-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.71-6.76 (m, 3H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 2H), 6.56-6.59 (m, 2H), 5.59 (hr s, 1H), 5.57 (br s, 1H), 3.83-3.86 (m, 12H), 3.77-3.78 (m, 3H), 3.41-3.51 (m, 8H), 2.72 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 170.69, 170.51, 158.21, 151.55, 149.06, 149.04, 147.68, 147.65, 143.80, 136.59, 131.86, 131.17, 131.04, 130.09, 123.55, 121.90, 121.32, 120.64, 118.80, 115.86, 113.86, 111,75, 111.72, 111.34, 111.20, 56.92, 55.91, 55.83, 43.71, 43.57, 40.90, 40.78, 35.15, 35.02 ppm, the remaining peaks were not detected and are expected to overlap with the peaks at 111.75 and 55.90 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 643.2 [M+1]+ (100); 665.2 [M+Na]+ (20).
Bis-amide. Tan solid (1.70 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ6.86-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.63 (m, 2H), 6.54 (dd, J=8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (br t, 1H), 3.85 (s, 6H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.37-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.65 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 673.2 [M+1]+ (100); 695.3 [M+Na]+ (10).
Bis-amide. Tan solid (1.70 g, 98%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.22 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.76-6.81 (m, 2H), 6.72-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.63-6.64 (m, 2H), 6.56 (dd, J=8.0, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.55-5.60 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 6H), 3.81 (s, 6H), 3.40-3.46 (m, 8H), 3.66-3.70 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.82, 170.52, 158.13, 150.58, 149.04, 149.01, 147.67, 147.62, 144.69, 136.59, 131.20, 131.12, 130.12, 127.86, 125.83, 123.59, 122.09, 120.68, 120.64, 118.11, 115.87, 113.14, 111.77, 111.76, 111.35, 111.24, 56.02, 55.87, 55.83, 55.82, 43.73, 42.86, 40.92, 40.79, 35.14, 35.08, 35.01 ppm; the remaining peak was not detected and believed to be overlap with the peaks at 55.82 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 643.2 [M+1]+ (100).
Bis-amide. Tan solid (0.87 g, 92%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.17 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.86-6.91 (m, 3H), 6.83 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.71-6.77 (m, 3H), 6.64-6.66 (m, 3H), 6.56 (dd, J=8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (br t, 1H), 5.41 (hr t, 1H), 3.81-3.85 (m, 6H), 3.75-3.79 (m, 6H), 3.43-3.53 (m, 8H), 2.75 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 613.2 [M+1]+ (100); 635.1 [M+Na]+ (10).
Bis-amide. Tan solid (1.15 g, 61%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.92 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.74-6.80 (m, 3H), 6.66 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.55 (br t, 1H), 5.50 (br t, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 9H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.53 (m, 8H), 2.72 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.79, 170.14, 162.88, 151.99, 149.11, 149.04, 147.75, 147.65, 147.43, 141.65, 140.37, 132.77, 131.13, 131.06, 124.98, 123.40, 121.92, 120.68, 120.64, 113.91, 111.78, 111.71, 111.34, 111.28, 110.87, 55.94, 55.88, 55.86, 55.85, 43.74, 40.92, 40.86, 39.77, 35.09, 35.01 ppm; the remaining peak was not detected and believed to be overlap with the peaks at 55.88 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 644.1 [M+1]+ (100).
Bis-Amide. Tan foam (1.00 g, 73%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.91 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 7.54-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.17 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=7.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.87-6.89 (m, 6.82-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.79 (m, 4H), 6.64-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.54-6.62 (m, 1H), 5.61 (br t, 1H), 5.59 (br t, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.71 (m, 3H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.44-3.51 (1n, 4H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.76 (m, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ170.73, 170.12, 162.91, 159.80, 151.97, 149.11, 147.66, 147.49, 141.65, 140.33, 132.76, 131.09, 129.62, 124.91, 123.37, 121.91, 121.04, 120.67, 114.45, 113.89, 111.74, 111.69, 111.34, 111.27, 110.85, 55.92, 55.89, 55.86, 55.84, 43.75, 40.90, 40.67, 39.79, 35.47, 35.09 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 644.2 [M+1]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of bis-DHIQs.
Preparation of bis-DHIQ. To a suspension of bis-amide (0.76 g, 1.38 mmol) and ACN (3.0 mL) was added phosphorus oxychloride (2.11 g, 13.75 mmol, 1.30 mL). The resulting suspension was stirred (80° C., 1.2.5 hr). The reaction mixture was cooled (RT) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc (20 mL) and H2O (20 mL). The biphasic reaction mixture was stirred vigorously and treated with solid NaHCO3 (slow addition) until the aqueous phase is basic. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2×40 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a tan semi-solid (0.69 g, 98%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 517.1 [M+1]+ (30), 259.1 (100) [M+1]+/2 (100).
Bis-DHIQ. Brown residue (3.23 g, 100%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ6.96 (s, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66-6.69 (m, 2H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.76 (m, 8H), 2.65 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 637.3 [M+1]+ (35), 319.2 [M/2]+ (100).
Bis-DHIQ. Tan foam (8.1 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ6.96-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.73-6.77 (m, 2H), 6.63-6.67 (m, 3H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.89-3.92 (m, 9H), 3.72-3.80 (m, 11H), 3.61-3.65 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.58 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ165.56, 165.40, 150.81, 150.65, 150.47, 149.01, 147.29, 147.20, 145.91, 144.49, 133.80, 131.84, 131.80, 130.71, 123.54, 121.58, 121.43, 120.78, 119.02, 118.66, 112.69, 112.64, 110.28, 110.20, 109.67, 109.57, 56.04, 55.99, 55.94, 55.85, 47.16, 47.04, 43.24, 42.54, 25.83, 25.72 ppm; the remaining peak was not detected and believed to be overlap with the peaks at 55.94 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 637.3 [M+1]+ (35), 319.1 [M/2]+ (100).
Bis-DHIQ. Amber oil (1.65 g, 96%).
Bis-DHIQ. Tan semisolid (0.90 g, 95%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 637.1 [M+1]+ (15), 319.2 [M+1]+/2 (100).
Bis-DHIQ. Tan foam (1.30 g, 100%).
Bis-DHIQ. Tan foam (1.56 g, 100%).
Bis-DHIQ. Tan foam (0.85 g, 90%).
4-[(6-Methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)methyl]phenol. Amber semisolid (1.32 g, 71%). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 268.1 [M+1]+ (100).
1-(4-Bromobenzyl)-6-methoxy-dihydroisoquinoline. Brown hygroscopic solid (2.32 g, 98%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.81 (d, J=8.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.4, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.9, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.97-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.01 (m, 2H); LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 330.1 [M+1]+ (100), 332.1 (100).
General procedure for the preparation of bis-NH-THIQs.
Preparation (R,R)-bis-NH-THIQ. To a solution of dichloro(p-cumene)ruthenium(II) dimer (16 mg, 0.027 mmol, 2 mol %), (1S,2S)-N-(4-tolylsulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (20 mg, 0.053 mmol, 4 mol %) in DMF (2.3 mL) was added TEA (27 mg, 0.267 mmol, 20 mol %). The resulting solution was degassed by bubbling dry nitrogen into the solution. The solution was stirred (80° C., 1 hr). A solution of methoxy bis-DHIQ (0.69 mg, 1.34 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) is degassed by bubbling dry nitrogen into the solution. The resulting solution was treated with the catalyst solution and cooled (0° C.). The resulting solution was treated with HCO2H:TEA azeotrope (5:2, 0.33 mL). The resulting solution was warmed (RT) and stirred (RT, 3 hr). The reaction mixture was partitioned with aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (20 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic layer were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound as a dark green residue (0.65 g, 99%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 521.1 [M+1]+ (20), 385.0 (100) [M+1]+/2 (100).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Green foam (2.27 g, 71%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 641.3 [M+1]+ (35), 321.2 [M+1]+/2 (100).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Green foam (8.15 g, 100%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 641.2 [M+1]+ (35), 321.2 [M+1]+/2 (100).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Amber oil (1.44 g, 87%).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Tan semisolid (0.76 g, 84%).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Amber oil (1.20 g, 92%).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Amber oil (0.77 g, 49%).
(R,R)-Bis-NH-THIQ. Amber oil (0.76 g, 89%).
4-{[(1R)-6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol. Tan semisolid (706 mg, 54%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 270.0 [M+1]+ (100).
(1R)-1-(4-Bromobenzyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. Dark green residue (1.45 g, 100%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 332.1 [M+1]+ (100), 334.1 (100).
General procedure for the preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-BOC-THIQs.
Preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-BOC-THIQ. To a solution of (R,R)-bis-THIQ (650 mg, 1.25 mmol) and TEA (505 mg, 5.0 mmol, 0.7 mL) in DCM (2.5 mL) was added BOC2O (1.09 g, 5.00 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred (1 hr). The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned with FAOAc (50 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2×50 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2) using acetone:hexanes (0 to 50%) to provide the title compound as a white solid (277 mg, 31%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 743.0 [M+Na]+ (100), 741.4 [M−100]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. White Solid (1.72 g, 58%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 841.4 [M+1]+ (10), 741.4 [M−100]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. White Solid (7.64 g, 72%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 841.4 [M+1]+ (10).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. White Solid (0.65 g, 34%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 711.2 [M-100]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. Tan solid (0.69 g, 69%): 1 H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 841.2 [M+1]+ (30); 741.2 [M−100]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. White solid (0.94 g, 59%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 811.2 [M+1]+ (20), 711.2 [M+100]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. White solid (0.41 g, 20%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 812.2 [M+1]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-BOC-THIQ. White solid (0.36 g, 35%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 782.2 [M+1]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of (R)—N-formyl-THIQs.
Preparation (1R)-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carbaldehyde. A solution of 4-{[(1R)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol (680 mg, 2.53 mmol) in ethylformate (15 ml) was heated (65° C., 2 hr). The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2) using acetone:hexane (10-60%) to provide the title compound as a tan solid (403 mg, 54%): LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 298.0 [M+1]+ (100).
(1R)-1-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carbaldehyde. Amber oil (1.37 g, 100%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 359.9 [M+1]+ (100), 361.9 [M+2]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-formyl-THIQs via Ullmann coupling.
Preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-formyl-THIQ. To a solution of (1R)-1-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carbaldehyde (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and (1R)-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carbaldehyde (45 mg, 0.15 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) in a microwave vial was added CuO (28 mg, 0.35 mmol) and K2CO3 (29 mg, 0.21 mmol). The resulting suspension was heated via microwave irradiation (210° C., 2 hr). The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc (15 mL) and H2O (15 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2) using acetone-hexanes (10-100%) to provide the target compound as a clear oil (33 mg, 41%).
General procedure for the preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-methyl-TIQs via reductive/animation.
Preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-methyl-THIQ. To a solution (R,R)-bis-N-BOC-THIQ (1.0 g, 1.19 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) and DCM (5 mL) was added 4 M HCl-dioxane (4.0 ml). The resulting solution was stirred (2 hr). The reaction mixture was treated with 4 M HCl-dioxane (2.0 ml) and stirred (1 hr). The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc (50 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2×50 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the diamine intermediate as a white foam (650 mg, 85%). To a solution of the diamine (650 mg, 1.01 mmol) in DCL (4 mL) was added formaldehyde (37% in H2O, 0.18 mL) and the resulting biphasic suspension was stirred (0.75 hr). The reaction mixture was treated with NaBH(OAc)3 (473 mg, 2.23 mmol) and the resulting suspension was stirred (1.5 hr). The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc (50 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2×50 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2) using TEA-ACN (1%) to provide the target compound as a white solid (715 mg, 74%; corrected yield from additional 250 mg reaction): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 6.68 (br s, 1H), 6.66 (m, 1H), 6.58-6.61 (m, 1H), 6.56 (br s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.13-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.85 (m, 3H), 2.57-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.55 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ150.26, 147.56, 146.65, 144.58, 135.93, 129.53, 126.40, 122.19, 118.54, 114.35, 111.56, 111.37, 65.97, 56.34, 55.92, 47.45, 43.19, 42.89, 41.45, 25.87 ppm; additional peaks are believed to be rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 669.3 [M+1]+ (30), 335.2 [M/2]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-methyl-THIQ. White solid (4.12 g, 81%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) 86.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (br s, 2H), 6.59-6.62 (m, 2H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.18 (m, 4H), 2.68-2.83 (m, 6H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.53-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 669.3 [M+1]+ (30), 335.2 [M/2]+ (100).
(R,R)-Bis-N-methyl-THIQ. White solid (2.53 g, 65%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.82 (br s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.76 (br t, 2H), 6.70 (br s, 1H), 6.57 (br s, 1H), 6.52 (br s, 1H), 6.25 (br s, 1H), 6.13 (br s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.64-3.66 (m, 7H), 3.09-3.21 (m, 3H), 2.98-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.88 (m, 6H), 2.59-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.49 (br s, 4H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) shows a complex mixture of rotamers. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 640.3 [M+1]+ (35), 320.7 [M/2]+ (100).
General procedure for the preparation of bis-N-methyl-THIQs via LAH reduction.
Preparation of (R,R)-bis-N-methyl-THIQ. To a solution of (R,R)-bis-N-BOC-THQ (2.80 g, 3.33 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added 1 M LAH-THF (9.99 ml, 9.99 mmol) in a dropwise manner. The resulting solution was stirred (0.5 hr) followed by heating (60° C., 20 hr). The reaction mixture was treated with water (7.0 mL), 15% aqueous NaOH (12 mL) and EtOAc (70 mL). The reaction mixture was filtered (Celite) and the residue was washed with additional EtOAc (15 mL). The filtrate was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2) using TEA-ACN (1%) to provide the target compound as a white solid (1.39 g, 62%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ6.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 3.79-3.84 (m, 7H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.78 (m, 3H), 2.51-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H). LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 669.3 [M+1]+ (30), 335.2 [M/2]+ (100).
Bis-N-methyl-THIQ. White solid (87 mg, 67%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ87.12-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.80 (m, 3H), 6.65-6.73 (m, 3H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.13-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.86 (m, 6H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 157.90, 150.81, 147.36, 147.26, 146.47, 146.30, 143.19, 141.91, 136.66, 129.17, 129.03, 126.17, 125.76, 124.06, 122.24, 120.40, 118.65, 114.51, 114.28, 111.24, 111.15, 111.03, 110.90, 64.78, 64.63, 55.90, 55.78, 55.72, 55.65, 55,47, 47.05, 46.74, 42.73, 42.64, 41.19, 41.03, 25.55, 25.48 ppm; the remaining peak was not detected and believed to overlap with the peaks at 111.15 ppm.
Bis-N-methyl-THIQ. White solid (61 mg, 66%): 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ157.95, 149.71, 147.24, 146.42, 146.34, 144.35, 142.01, 133.04, 130.72, 129.30, 129.17, 129.02, 126.17, 125.99, 125.78, 123.94, 122.43, 118.40, 114.24, 113.56, 112.40, 111.16, 111.04, 110.87, 64.94, 64.73, 64.64, 56.02, 55.73, 55.61, 55.48, 55.26, 46.98, 46.73, 42.72, 42.66, 41.17, 40.40, 25.50, 25.43 ppm.
Bis-N-methyl-THIQ. White solid (0.62 g, 58%): 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.86 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.75 (m, 3H), 6.60-6.66 (m, 3H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.10 (m 1H), 2.82-2.90 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 4H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.49 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)) δ162.41, 157.71, 151.11, 148.15, 147.36, 146.71, 140.87, 140.64, 137.71, 135.77, 129.85, 129.07, 129.04, 128.71, 126.68, 122.39, 122.18, 114.40, 113.11, 111.73, 111.28, 110.65, 109.51, 64.49, 64.38, 55.84, 55.77, 55.17, 47.36, 47.16, 42.80, 42.78, 41.32, 37.37, 26.42, 25.68 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 610.3 [M+1]+ (20), 305.7 [M/2]+ (100).
(R,R)-bis-N-methyl-THIQ. White solid (27 mg, 59%): NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ7.02-7.26 (m, 5H), 6.86-6.93 (m, 3H), 6.60-6.67 (m, 6H), 3.73-3.81 (m, 8H), 3.08-3.19 (m, 4H), 2.61-2.86 (m, 8H), 2.50 (s, 6H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ157.63, 155.52, 151.11, 148.15, 147.36, 146.71, 140.87, 140.64, 137.71, 135.77, 129.85, 129.07, 129.04, 128.71, 126.68, 122.39, 122.18, 114.40, 113.11, 111.73, 111.28, 110.65, 109.51, 64.49, 64.38, 55.84, 55.77, 55.17, 47.36, 47.16, 42.80, 42.78, 41.32, 37.37, 26.42, 25.68 ppm. LCMS m/z (relative intensity) 549.2 [M+1]+ (100).
Methods: Ebola virus infection assay.
All analogs herein were tested using an in vitro assay for inhibition of Ebola virus infection activity. All assays were performed with wild type (WT) Ebola virus, Mayinga strain. The infected cells were visualized by immunostaining with a specific antibody.
All assays used Huh7 cells, a cell line that was derived from a human liver carcinoma. These cells were chosen because the liver is a site for Ebola virus replication and a primary driver of pathogenesis. Therefore, a treatment for Ebola virus disease should show efficacy in the liver.
The procedure for the wild type Ebola virus infection assay is as follows:
Data analysis was conducted according to the following procedure:
All analogs herein were tested, in addition to tetrandrine. Each data point is from a set of 3 replicates with standard deviations indicated by error bars. The experiment was performed at one time. Curve fitting used log inhibitor vs response fit or for when lower asymptotes were not attained, a competitive enzyme inhibition curve was used in GraphPad Prism. An IC50 value (concentration of compound giving 50% inhibition of virus infection) was calculated from each curve, and these values are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
All analogs were tested using an in vitro assay for inhibition of L-type calcium channel activity. The assays were performed using HEK293 cells stably overexpressing all subunits of L-type channel CaV1.2, which were gifted by Dr. Richard B. Silverman. See, Soosung Kang, Garry Cooper, Sara F. Dunne, Brendon Dusel, Chi-Hao Luan, D. James Surmeier and Richard B. Silverman. 2012, CaV1.3-selective L-type Calcium Channel Antagonists as Potential New Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease, Nat. Commun. 7:11720. The cells were stained by a calcium indicator dye, Calcium 6, and stimulated by potassium chloride (KCl), which was reported to activate L-type channel but not two-pore channels. See, Edmund Naylor, Abdelilah Arredouani, Sridhar R Vasudevan, Alexander M Lewis, Raman Parkesh, Akiko Mizote, Daniel Rosen, Justyn M Thomas, Minoru Izumi, A Ganesan, Antony Galione and Grant C Churchill. 2009, Identification of a Chemical Probe for NAADP by Virtual Screening, Nat. Chem. Biol. 5:220-226.
The procedure for the L-type channel assay is as follows:
Data analysis was conducted according to the following procedure:
All analogs have been tested, in addition to tetrandrine. Each data point is from a set of 2 replicates with standard deviations indicated by error bars. See Tables 1-3.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed at a series of acyclic bis-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs that are derivatives of the cyclic products tetrandrine (TETN) and cepharanthine (CEPH). The analogs indicate activity against filovirus infections.
This invention was made with government support under Contract No HHSN272201500015C awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.
