Blade anchor for foot and ankle

Abstract

Fixation devices for the foot and ankle are based on a design with a central portion between a pair of blade anchors. The central portion may include sharpening, apertures, notches, or protrusions. The fixation devices may engage two or more bone portions.

Description

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to devices for fixation of one or more bones of the foot or ankle. The disclosed devices may be used in syndesmotic junctions or midfoot or hindfoot arthrodeses or osteotomies, such as Akin, Weil, Chevron, and others known in the surgical arts. The disclosed devices may also be used in deformity corrections, such as lateral column, bunion, and the like. The disclosed devices may also be used in fracture fixation, such as Jones, LisFrank, fibular fractures, and the like. The disclosed devices may be used in pilon fractures as primary or secondary fixation devices. The disclosed devices may be used to fuse interphalangeal interphalangeal joints in the foot or hand; in these situations, the central portion of the device may be arc shaped to clear the endplates of the metaphysis. The disclosed devices may be applicable as tether devices for epiphyseal fracture repair in skeletally immature patients.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

While examples of the present technology have been shown and described in detail below, it will be clear to the person skilled in the art that variations, changes and modifications may be made without departing from its scope. As such, that which is set forth in the following description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. The actual scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the following claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

In the following Detailed Description, various features are grouped together in several examples for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that examples of the technology require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed example. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate example.

Identical reference numerals do not necessarily indicate an identical structure. Rather, the same reference numeral may be used to indicate a similar feature or a feature with similar functionality. Not every feature of each example is labeled in every figure in which that example appears, in order to keep the figures clear. Similar reference numbers (e.g., those that are identical except for the first numeral) are used to indicate similar features in different examples.

FIG. 1 is a lateral isometric view of a right foot;

FIG. 2 is a medial isometric view of the right foot of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A is an isometric view of a device; and FIG. 3B is another isometric view of the device of FIG. 3A from a different angle;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of another device;

FIG. 5A is an isometric view of yet another device; and FIG. 5B is a top view of the device of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of yet another device;

FIG. 7 is a lateral isometric view of the right foot of FIG. 1 with four of the devices of FIG. 3A implanted; and

FIG. 8 is a medial isometric view of the right foot of FIG. 1 with the device of FIG. 6 implanted.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Standard medical planes of reference and descriptive terminology are employed in this specification. A sagittal plane divides a body into right and left portions. A mid-sagittal plane divides the body into bilaterally symmetric right and left halves. A coronal plane divides a body into anterior and posterior portions. A transverse plane divides a body into superior and inferior portions. Anterior means toward the front of the body. Posterior means toward the back of the body. Superior means toward the head. Inferior means toward the feet. Medial means toward the midline of the body. Lateral means away from the midline of the body. Axial means toward a central axis of the body. Abaxial means away from a central axis of the body. Ipsilateral means on the same side of the body. Contralateral means on the opposite side of the body. These descriptive terms may be applied to an animate or inanimate body.

The devices disclosed herein may provide fixation between two or more bone portions that relies upon fixation blades rather than screws. Fixation may be desired in situations where temporary or permanent prevention of motion is desired. Fusion is one example of such a situation. Compared to a screw, a fixation blade may conserve more bone, reduce insertion time, reduce inventory, and/or reduce cost. A fixation blade may conserve bone by occupying a smaller volume than a screw, or by having a smaller cross sectional area than the screw in a plane transverse to an axis along which the screw or blade is inserted into the bone. A fixation blade may take less time to insert into bone than a screw. Adequate fixation may be provided by a small set of the devices disclosed herein versus an extensive set of screws of various lengths, diameters, and/or thread forms. A fixation blade may cost less to fabricate and/or inspect than a screw.

The devices disclosed herein may be described as low profile or “no profile” in the sense that these devices may be driven into bone so as to be flush, or level, with the bone surface, or completely submerged within the bone.

The devices disclosed herein may act to compress bone portions together as a result of advancing a device into bone. A secondary compression step may be unnecessary or optional with these devices.

The devices disclosed herein may be arranged or configured for multi-bone or multi-fragment fusions.

The devices disclosed herein may permit visibility of the fixation site(s) due to their low or “no profile” characteristics.

Referring to FIGS. 1-2, a normal human foot 10 includes twenty-six bones, including a talus bone 12, a calcaneus bone 14, a navicular bone 16, a transverse cuneiform bone 18, a medial cuneiform bone 20, a lateral cuneiform bone 22, a cuboid bone 24, a first metatarsal bone 26, a second metatarsal bone 28, a third metatarsal bone 30, a fourth metatarsal bone 32, a fifth metatarsal bone 34, a first proximal phalanx bone 36, a second proximal phalanx bone 38, a third proximal phalanx bone 40, a fourth proximal phalanx bone 42, a fifth proximal phalanx bone 44, a first middle phalanx bone 46, a second middle phalanx bone 48, a third middle phalanx bone 50, a fourth middle phalanx bone 52, a first distal phalanx bone 54, a second distal phalanx bone 56, a third distal phalanx bone 58, a fourth distal phalanx bone 60, and a fifth distal phalanx bone 62.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3B, a device 100 includes a central portion 102 and two lateral blades 104, 106. The blades 104, 106 extend perpendicular to the central portion 102 in the illustrated example, although other angular orientations are contemplated. For example, the blades 104, 106 may be angled to converge or diverge as the blades extend from the central portion 102.

The central portion 102 extends between a first end 101 and an opposite second end 103, and includes a leading side 108 and a trailing side 110. The leading side 108 may include blunt concave portions 112, 114. A sharpened leading edge 116 may extend at least partially across the leading side 108. In the example shown, the sharpened leading edge 116 extends across a middle region of the leading side 108. The trailing side 110 may be blunt as shown best in FIG. 3A. The central portion 102 may also include one or more beveled surfaces 118 which “break” corners that would otherwise be exterior right angle corners. In the example shown, there are six beveled surfaces 118 adjacent to the leading side 108.

The blade 104 is coupled to the first end 101 of the central portion 104 and includes an exterior surface 120 that faces away from the central portion 102 and an interior surface 122 opposite the exterior surface 120. The exterior surface 120 may include one or more sharpening surfaces 132. In the example shown, there are two broad sharpening surfaces 132. The exterior surface 120 may also include one or more grooves 134 which extend at least partially across the exterior surface 120. In the example shown, there are six grooves 134. The interior surface 122 faces toward the central portion 102. The interior surface 122 may include one or more sharpening surfaces 148. In the example shown, there are two narrow convex sharpening surfaces 148. The interior sharpening surfaces are best appreciated with reference to blade 106 which is described below. The blade 104 may also include one or more apertures 136 which extend through the blade 104 between the exterior surface 120 and the interior surface 122. In the example shown, there is a single centrally located oval aperture 136. The aperture 136 may provide an attachment point for a suture, tendon, ligament, or graft. The blade 104 may also include one or more perimeter notches 146 which extend through the blade 104 between the exterior surface 120 and the interior surface 122. The notches 146 may be described as serrations.

The blade 104 extends between a leading side 128 and a trailing side 130. The leading side 128 of the blade 104 faces in the same direction as the leading side 108 of the central portion 102. The leading side 128 of the blade 104 may include a leading point 138, and/or a sharpened leading edge 140. In the example shown, there are two sharpened leading edges 140 which meet at leading point 138. The leading edges 140 are at least partially formed by the sharpening surfaces 132, 148. The leading edges 140 may form a portion of a perimeter of the blade 106. The trailing side 130 of the blade 104 faces in the same direction as the trailing side 110 of the central portion 102. The trailing side 130 may be at least partially convex, as best seen in FIG. 3A. Bilateral convex portions 142 are illustrated in the example. The trailing side 130 may include an indentation 144, which may be centrally located.

The blade 106 is coupled to the second end 103 of the central portion 104 and includes an exterior surface 124 that faces away from the central portion 102 and an interior surface 126 opposite the exterior surface 124. The exterior surface 124 may include one or more sharpening surfaces 150. In the example shown, there are two broad sharpening surfaces 150. The exterior sharpening surfaces are best appreciated with reference to blade 104 which is described above. The exterior surface 124 may also include one or more grooves 152 which extend at least partially across the exterior surface 124. In the example shown, there are six grooves 152 like the grooves 134 of blade 104. The interior surface 126 faces toward the central portion 102. The interior surface 126 may include one or more sharpening surfaces 154. In the example shown, there are two narrow convex sharpening surfaces 154. The blade 106 may also include one or more apertures 156 which extend through the blade 106 between the exterior surface 124 and the interior surface 126. In the example shown, there is a single centrally located oval aperture 156. The aperture 156 may provide an attachment point for a suture, tendon, ligament, or graft. The blade 106 may also include one or more perimeter notches 172 which extend through the blade 106 between the exterior surface 124 and the interior surface 126. The notches 172 may be described as serrations.

The blade 106 extends between a leading side 160 and a trailing side 162. The leading side 160 of the blade 106 faces in the same direction as the leading side 108 of the central portion 102. The leading side 160 of the blade 106 may include a leading point 164, and/or a sharpened leading edge 166. In the example shown, there are two sharpened leading edges 166 which meet at leading point 164. The leading edges 166 are at least partially formed by the sharpening surfaces 150, 154. The leading edges 166 may form a portion of a perimeter of the blade 106. The trailing side 162 of the blade 106 faces in the same direction as the trailing side 110 of the central portion 102. The trailing side 162 may be at least partially convex, as best seen in FIG. 3A. Bilateral convex portions 168 are illustrated in the example. The trailing side 162 may include an indentation 170, which may be centrally located.

Referring to FIG. 4, a device 200 includes a central portion 202 and two lateral blades 104, 106. The blades 104, 106 extend perpendicular to the central portion 202 in the illustrated example, although other angular orientations are contemplated. For example, the blades 104, 106 may be angled to converge or diverge as the blades extend from the central portion 202. The blades 104, 106 in this example are identical to the blades 104, 106 of device 100.

The central portion 202 extends between a first end 201 and an opposite second end 203, and includes a leading side 208 and a trailing side 210. The leading side 208 may include blunt concave portions 212, 214. A sharpened leading edge 216 may extend at least partially across the leading side 208. In the example shown, the sharpened leading edge 216 extends across a middle region of the leading side 208. The trailing side 210 may be blunt. The central portion 202 may also include one or more beveled surfaces 218 which “break” corners that would otherwise be exterior right angle corners. In the example shown, there are six beveled surfaces 218 adjacent to the leading side 208. The central portion 202 may include one or more apertures 274 which may extend through the central portion 202 in any direction. In the illustrated example, a single centrally located oval aperture 274 extends through the central portion 202. The aperture 274 may provide an attachment point for a suture, tendon, ligament, or graft.

Referring to FIGS. 5A-5B, a device 300 includes a central portion 302 and two lateral blades 104, 106. The blades 104, 106 extend perpendicular to the central portion 302 in the illustrated example, although other angular orientations are contemplated. For example, the blades 104, 106 may be angled to converge or diverge as the blades extend from the central portion 302. The blades 104, 106 in this example are identical to the blades 104, 106 of device 100.

The central portion 302 extends between a first end 301 and an opposite second end 303, and includes a leading side 308 and a trailing side 310. The leading side 308 may include blunt concave portions 312, 314. The central portion 302 may also include a sharpened leading edge like edge 116 of central portion 102. The trailing side 310 may be blunt as shown best in FIG. 5A. The central portion 302 may also include one or more beveled surfaces which “break” corners that would otherwise be exterior right angle corners, like beveled surfaces 118 of central portion 102. The central portion 302 may also include one or more notches 376 which extend through the central portion 302 between the leading side 308 and the trailing side 310. In the example shown, there are three notches 376 in an alternating arrangement. This arrangement enhances the flexibility, or reduce the modulus, of the central portion 302 so that the central portion 302 may function as a spring element to provide dynamic stabilization in compression or tension in service. Central portion 302 may be described as serpentine due to the alternating notches 376. In other examples according to this principle, the central portion may include different spring elements to provide, for example, compression or tension spring behavior.

Referring to FIG. 6, a device 400 includes a central portion 402 and two lateral blades 104, 106. The blades 104, 106 extend perpendicular to the central portion 402 in the illustrated example, although other angular orientations are contemplated. For example, the blades 104, 106 may be angled to converge or diverge as the blades extend from the central portion 402. The blades 104, 106 in this example are identical to the blades 104, 106 of device 100.

The central portion 402 extends between a first end 401 and an opposite second end 403, and includes a leading side 408 and a trailing side 410. The leading side 408 may include blunt concave portions 412, 414. The trailing side 410 may be blunt. The central portion 402 may also include one or more beveled surfaces 418 which “break” corners that would otherwise be exterior right angle corners. The central portion 402 may also include one or more protrusions 478 or enlargements. The protrusion 478 may extend symmetrically or asymmetrically from the central portion 402, and may be positioned anywhere along the central portion 402. In the example shown, the protrusion 478 is centrally positioned on the central portion 402, and extends from the central portion 402 on the leading side 408 and, to a lesser degree, from adjacent sides of the central portion 402. The protrusion 478 may be a solid shape with regular or irregular planar or curved surfaces. For example, the protrusion 478 may be a polyhedron, such as a rectangular or trapezoidal solid. The protrusion 478 may be referred to as a spacer, for its function in occupying a gap between bone portions. The protrusion 478 may be made from a porous material. The protrusion 478 may be modular, and in this arrangement, may attach to the central portion 402 with a screw, a snap fit, or similar modular interconnection.

The devices disclosed herein may share at least some of the characteristics of the anchors disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/640,892; 13/666,787; and/or 13/666,956; each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Referring to FIG. 7, the foot 10 is shown with four devices 100 implanted in various locations.

A first device 100 engages the lateral cuneiform bone 22 and the navicular bone 16. A second device 100 engages the lateral cuneiform bone 22 and the third metatarsal bone 30. A third device 100 engages the lateral cuneiform bone 22 and the cuboid bone 24. The first, second, and third devices 100 are shown in this arrangement to illustrate that any of the devices disclosed herein may engage two bones; and that a plurality of devices may engage a single bone, with each device also engaging an additional bone. The additional bones may all be different bones.

A fourth device 100 engages the fifth proximal phalanx bone 44, and may extend across a discontinuity 70 in the fifth proximal phalanx bone 44. The fourth device 100 is shown in this arrangement to illustrate that any of the devices disclosed herein may engage multiple portions of a single bone by extending across one or more discontinuities in the bone.

Referring to FIG. 8, the foot 10 is shown with one device 400 implanted to engage the navicular bone 16 and the transverse cuneiform bone 18. The device 400 is shown in this arrangement to illustrate that this device 400 may engage two bones. The device 400 may also engage multiple portions of a single bone by extending across one or more discontinuities in the bone.

The components disclosed herein may be fabricated from metals, alloys, polymers, plastics, ceramics, glasses, composite materials, or combinations thereof, including but not limited to: PEEK, titanium, titanium alloys, commercially pure titanium grade 2, ASTM F67, Nitinol, cobalt chrome, stainless steel, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), biocompatible materials, and biodegradable materials, among others. Different materials may be used for different parts. Coatings may be present. Different materials may be used within a single part. Any component disclosed herein may be colored, coded or otherwise marked to make it easier for a user to identify the type and size of the component, the setting, the function(s) of the component, and the like.

It should be understood that the present systems, kits, apparatuses, and methods are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, they are to cover all combinations, modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the claims.

The claims are not to be interpreted as including means-plus- or step-plus-function limitations, unless such a limitation is explicitly recited in a given claim using the phrase(s) “means for” or “step for,” respectively.

The term “coupled” is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically.

The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and/or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” or “at least one.” The term “about” means, in general, the stated value plus or minus 5%. The use of the term “or” in the claims is used to mean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternative are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and “and/or.”

The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), have (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a method or device that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more steps or elements, possesses those one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, a step of a method or an element of a device that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more features, possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. Furthermore, a device or structure that is configured in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.

In the foregoing Detailed Description, various features are grouped together in several examples for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the examples of the invention require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed example. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate example.

Claims

1. A fixation device comprising: a central portion extending along a first direction between a first end and an opposite second end and extending along a second direction between a leading side and a trailing side, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction;a first blade anchor coupled to the first end of the central portion; anda second blade anchor coupled to the second end of the central portion, wherein the first and second blade anchors extend perpendicular to the central portion, wherein the first and second blade anchors each extend along the second direction between a leading side and a trailing side;wherein the trailing sides of the first blade and second blade extend past the trailing side of the central portion along the second direction;wherein the leading side of the central portion comprises a first blunt concave portion between the first blade anchor and a middle region of the leading side of the central portion, and a second blunt concave portion between the second blade anchor and the middle region of the leading side of the central portion, wherein the central portion comprises a sharpened leading edge that extends across the middle region of the leading side of the central portion, wherein the sharpened leading edge of the central portion is between the first and second blunt concave portions; andwherein along the second direction, the leading and trailing sides of the central portion are between the leading and trailing sides of the first blade anchor.

2. The fixation device of claim 1, wherein the central portion comprises an aperture extending through the central portion.

3. The fixation device of claim 1, wherein the central portion comprises a spring element.

4. The fixation device of claim 3, wherein the spring element is formed by alternating notches which extend through the central portion between the leading side of the central portion and the trailing side of the central portion.

5. The fixation device of claim 1, wherein the sharpened leading edge of the central portion extends along the first direction.

6. The fixation device of claim 5, wherein the leading side of the first blade anchor comprises a sharpened leading edge, and the leading side of the second blade anchor comprises a sharpened leading edge, wherein the sharpened leading edges of the first and second blade anchors are perpendicular to the sharpened leading edge of the central portion.

7. The fixation device of claim 1, wherein along the second direction, the leading and trailing sides of the central portion are between the leading and trailing sides of the second blade anchor.

8. The fixation device of claim 7, wherein the leading side of the first blade anchor extends beyond the leading side of the central portion along the second direction; and wherein the leading side of the second blade anchor extends beyond the leading side of the central portion along the second direction.

9. A fixation device comprising: a central portion extending along a first direction between a first end and an opposite second end and extending along a second direction between a leading side and a trailing side, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction;a protrusion extending from the leading side of the central portion, wherein the protrusion is a polyhedron with at least one trapezoidal side, wherein the protrusion is wider at a trailing side of the protrusion than at a leading side of the protrusion;a first blade anchor having a leading end and a trailing end, coupled to the first end of the central portion; anda second blade anchor having a leading end and a trailing end, coupled to the second end of the central portion, wherein the first and second blade anchors extend perpendicular to the central portion;wherein the trailing ends of the first blade and second blade extend past the trailing side of the central portion along the second direction; andwherein the leading side of the central portion comprises a first blunt concave portion between the first blade anchor and the protrusion, and a second blunt concave portion between the second blade anchor and the protrusion, wherein the protrusion is between the first and second blunt concave portions.

10. The fixation device of claim 9, wherein the leading end of the first blade anchor comprises a sharpened leading edge, and the leading end of the second blade anchor comprises a sharpened leading edge, wherein the sharpened leading edges of the first and second blade anchors are perpendicular to the central portion.

11. The fixation device of claim 9, wherein along the second direction, the leading and trailing sides of the central portion are between the leading and trailing ends of the first blade anchor.

12. The fixation device of claim 11, wherein the leading and trailing sides of the central portion are between the leading and trailing ends of the second blade anchor along the second direction; wherein the leading end of the first blade anchor extends beyond the leading side of the central portion along the second direction; andwherein the leading end of the second blade anchor extends beyond the leading side of the central portion along the second direction.

13. A fixation device comprising: a central portion extending along a first direction between a first end and an opposite second end, extending along a second direction between a leading side and a trailing side, and extending along a third direction between a front side and a back side, wherein the first, second, and third directions are mutually perpendicular;a first blade anchor having a leading end and a trailing end, coupled to the first end of the central portion; anda second blade anchor having a leading end and a trailing end, coupled to the second end of the central portion, wherein the first and second blade anchors extend perpendicular to the central portion, wherein the first and second blade anchors each extend outwardly from the front and back sides of the central portion along the third direction; wherein the trailing ends of the first blade and second blade extend past the trailing side of the central portion along the second direction; andwherein the leading side of the central portion comprises a first blunt concave portion between the first blade anchor and a middle region of the leading side of the central portion, and a second blunt concave portion between the second blade anchor and the middle region of the leading side of the central portion, wherein the central portion comprises a sharpened leading edge that extends across the middle region of the leading side of the central portion, wherein the sharpened leading edge of the central portion is between the first and second blunt concave portions.

14. The fixation device of claim 13, wherein the central portion comprises a spring element.

15. The fixation device of claim 14, wherein the spring element is formed by alternating notches in the front and back sides of the central portion, wherein the notches extend through the central portion between the leading and trailing sides of the central portion.

16. The fixation device of claim 13, wherein the sharpened leading edge of the central portion extends along the first direction.

17. The fixation device of claim 16, wherein the first and second blade anchors each comprise a sharpened leading edge, wherein the sharpened leading edges of the first and second blade anchors are perpendicular to the sharpened leading edge of the central portion.