Patent Application
20180028992
The present disclosure relates generally to transferring dry bulk materials, and more particularly, to a bulk material container support frame integrated with a blender unit.
During the drilling and completion of oil and gas wells, various wellbore treating fluids are used for a number of purposes. For example, high viscosity gels are used to create fractures in oil and gas bearing formations to increase production. High viscosity and high density gels are also used to maintain positive hydrostatic pressure in the well while limiting flow of well fluids into earth formations during installation of completion equipment. High viscosity fluids are used to flow sand into wells during gravel packing operations. The high viscosity fluids are normally produced by mixing dry powder and/or granular materials and agents with water at the well site as they are needed for the particular treatment. Systems for metering and mixing the various materials are normally portable, e.g., skid- or truck-mounted, since they are needed for only short periods of time at a well site.
The powder or granular treating material is normally transported to a well site in a commercial or common carrier tank truck. Once the tank truck and mixing system are at the well site, the dry powder material (bulk material) must be transferred or conveyed from the tank truck into a supply tank for metering into a blender as needed. The bulk material is usually transferred from the tank truck pneumatically. More specifically, the bulk material is blown pneumatically from the tank truck into an on-location storage/delivery system (e.g., silo). The storage/delivery system may then deliver the bulk material onto a conveyor or into a hopper, which meters the bulk material into a blender tub.
Recent developments in bulk material handling operations involve the use of portable containers for transporting dry material about a well location. The containers can be brought in on trucks, unloaded, stored on location, and manipulated about the well site when the material is needed. The containers are generally easier to manipulate on location than a large supply tank trailer. The containers are eventually emptied by dumping the contents thereof onto a mechanical conveying system (e.g., conveyor belt, auger, bucket lift, etc.). The conveying system then moves the bulk material in a metered fashion to a desired destination at the well site.
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail herein. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation specific decisions must be made to achieve developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system related and business related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in no way should the following examples be read to limit, or define, the scope of the disclosure.
Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure may be directed to systems and methods for efficiently managing bulk material (e.g., bulk solid or liquid material). Bulk material handling systems are used in a wide variety of contexts including, but not limited to, drilling and completion of oil and gas wells, concrete mixing applications, agriculture, and others. The disclosed embodiments are directed to systems and methods for efficiently moving bulk material into a mixer of a blender unit at a job site. The systems may include a blender unit with an integrated container support frame used to receive one or more portable containers of bulk material and a gravity feed outlet for outputting bulk material from the containers into the mixer of the blender unit. The disclosed techniques may be used to efficiently handle any desirable bulk material having a solid or liquid constituency including, but not limited to, sand, proppant, gel particulate, dry-gel particulate, diverting agent, liquid additives and others, or a mixture thereof.
In currently existing on-site bulk material handling applications, dry material (e.g., sand, proppant, gel particulate, or dry-gel particulate) may be used during the formation of treatment fluids. In such applications, the bulk material is often transferred between transportation units, storage tanks, blenders, and other on-site components via pneumatic transfer, sand screws, chutes, conveyor belts, and other components. Recently, a new method for transferring bulk material to a hydraulic fracturing site involves using portable containers to transport the bulk material. The containers can be brought in on trucks, unloaded, stored on location, and manipulated about the site when the material is needed. These containers generally include a discharge gate at the bottom that can be actuated to empty the material contents of the container at a desired time.
In existing systems, the containers are generally supported above a mechanical conveying system (e.g., moving belt, auger, bucket lift, etc.) prior to releasing the bulk material. The discharge gates on the containers are opened to release the bulk material via gravity onto the moving mechanical conveying system. The mechanical conveying system then directs the dispensed bulk material toward a desired destination, such as a hopper on a blender unit. Unfortunately, this process can release a relatively large amount of dust into the air and result in unintended material spillage. In addition, the mechanical conveying system is generally run on auxiliary power and, therefore, requires an external power source to feed the bulk material from the containers to the blender.
Some material handling systems involve the use of an elevated support structure that is portable and able to be positioned relative to a blender unit. Such portable support structures are designed to receive bulk material containers and route material from the containers directly into a hopper of the blender unit, for example. At this point, a mechanical conveyance mechanism (e.g., sand screw) of the blender meters the bulk material from the hopper to a mixer of the blender. Portable support structures can be used to provide relatively efficient material handling at well sites where conventional blender units are being used. However, this type of system can take an undesirable amount of time to rig up at the site, and require additional space at the site. It is desirable to provide still more efficient systems and methods for managing bulk material and performing blending operations at a well site.
The blender unit with the integrated container support frame disclosed herein is designed to address and eliminate the shortcomings associated with existing container handling systems. In the disclosed embodiments, the blender unit used to mix a treatment fluid is fully integrated into a mobile support structure used to handle containers of bulk material. That is, the blender unit may include both a bulk material mixing/blending portion (i.e., mixer) and an integrated bulk material container handling portion (i.e., container support frame). The blender unit may include the container support frame for receiving and holding one or more portable bulk material containers in an elevated position proximate the mixer of the blender unit, as well as one or more gravity feed outlets for routing the bulk material from the containers into the mixer. In some embodiments, the gravity feed outlets may be used to route bulk material from the containers directly into the mixer.
The disclosed container support frame of the blender unit may provide an elevated location for one or more bulk material containers to be placed while the proppant (or any other liquid or solid bulk material used in the fluid mixtures at the job site) is transferred from the containers into the mixer of the blender unit. The container support frame may elevate the bulk material containers to a sufficient height above the mixer, and the gravity feed outlet may route the bulk material from the elevated containers to the mixer. This may eliminate the need for any subsequent pneumatic or mechanical conveyance of the bulk material (e.g., via a separate conveying system) from the containers to the mixer. For example, the bulk material does not have to be mechanically conveyed from a blender hopper to the mixer via a mechanical lifting device (e.g., sand screw, conveyor, etc.). This may improve the energy efficiency and operational simplicity of bulk material handling operations at a job site, since no power sources are needed to move the material from the containers into the mixer of the blender unit. In addition, the integrated support frame and gravity feed outlet of the disclosed blender unit may simplify the operation of transferring bulk material, reduce material spillage, and decrease dust generation.
The disclosed blender unit with integrated container support frame may be a mobile unit for easy transportation about the site. The blender unit with the integrated container support frame may facilitate faster rig-up at the job site, compared to systems where these components are separate. When used in oil and gas applications, this equates to direct operational cost savings during well operations. In addition, by combining, integrating, and simplifying the blender equipment, the disclosed embodiments may decrease the total capital cost per spread at a well site, as well as the cost and time required to transport the equipment to location.
The disclosed embodiments may improve existing material handling and blending equipment by integrating the mobile container support structure with the blender unit. Due to this integration, several features and systems (e.g., hopper, sand screws, larger power pack) of currently existing blenders are no longer needed. In addition, the complex control system for the sand screws, and corresponding calibration, are no longer needed. As such, the integrated blender unit may be lighter weight, take up less space, and have a lower cost and complexity than existing blenders.
Turning now to the drawings,
Water and other additives may be supplied to the mixer 16 (e.g., mixing compartment) through an inlet 24. The bulk material and water may be mixed in the mixer 16 to produce (at an outlet 26) a fracing fluid, a mixture containing multiple types of proppant, proppant/dry-gel particulate mixture, sand/sand-diverting agents mixture, cement slurry, drilling mud, a mortar or concrete mixture, or any other fluid mixture for use on location. The outlet 26 may be coupled to a pump for conveying the treating fluid to a desired location (e.g., a hydrocarbon recovery well) for a treating process. It should be noted that the disclosed system 10 may be used in other contexts as well. For example, the bulk material handling system 10 may be used in concrete mixing operations (e.g., at a construction site) to dispense aggregate from the container 18 through the outlet 22 into a concrete mixing apparatus (mixer 16). In addition, the bulk material handling system 10 may be used in agriculture applications to dispense grain, feed, seed, or mixtures of the same.
It should be noted that the disclosed container 18 may be utilized to provide bulk material for use in a variety of treating processes. For example, the disclosed systems and methods may be utilized to provide proppant materials into fracture treatments performed on a hydrocarbon recovery well. In other embodiments, the disclosed techniques may be used to provide other materials (e.g., non-proppant) for diversions, conductor-frac applications, cement mixing, drilling mud mixing, and other fluid mixing applications.
As illustrated, the container 18 may be elevated above the mixer 16 via the container support frame 14. The support frame 14 (integrated with the blender unit 12) is designed to elevate the container 18 above the level of the mixer 16 to allow the bulk material to gravity feed from the container 18 to the mixer 16. This way, the container 18 is able to sit on the support frame 14 and output bulk material directly into the mixer 16 via the gravity feed outlet 22 of the blender unit 12.
Although shown as supporting a single container 18, other embodiments of the blender unit 12 with the integrated support frame 14 may be configured to support multiple containers 18. The exact number of containers 18 that the support frame 14 can hold may depend on a combination of factors such as, for example, the volume, width, and weight of the containers 18 to be disposed thereon, and the overall size requirements for the blender unit 12.
In any case, the container(s) 18 may be completely separable and transportable from the support frame 14, such that any container 18 may be selectively removed from the frame 14 and replaced with another container 18. That way, once the bulk material from the container 18 runs low or empties, a new container 18 may be placed on the support frame 14 to maintain a steady flow of bulk material to the mixer 16 of the blender unit 12. In some instances, the container 18 may be closed before being completely emptied, removed from the support frame 14, and replaced by a container 18 holding a different type of bulk material to be provided to the mixer 16. Optionally, size and height permitting, another container 18 can be placed on top of an active container 18 to refill this active container 18.
A portable bulk storage system 28 may be provided at the site for storing one or more additional containers 18 of bulk material to be positioned on the support frame 14 integrated into the blender unit 12. The bulk material containers 18 may be transported to the desired location on a transportation unit (e.g., truck). The bulk storage system 28 may be the transportation unit itself or may be a skid, a pallet, or some other holding area. One or more containers 18 of bulk material may be transferred from the storage system 28 onto the support frame 14, as indicated by arrow 30. This transfer may be performed by lifting the container 18 via a hoisting mechanism, such as a forklift, a crane, or a specially designed container management device.
When the one or more containers 18 are positioned on the container support frame 14 of the blender 12, discharge gates on one or more of the containers 18 may be opened, allowing bulk material to flow from the containers 18 into the gravity feed outlet 22 of the blender unit 12. The outlet 22 may then route the flow of bulk material into the mixer 16.
After one or more of the containers 18 on the support frame 14 are emptied, the empty container(s) 18 may be removed from the support frame 14 via a hoisting mechanism. In some embodiments, the one or more empty containers 18 may be positioned on another bulk storage system 28 (e.g., a transportation unit, a skid, a pallet, or some other holding area) until they can be removed from the site and/or refilled. In other embodiments, the one or more empty containers 18 may be positioned directly onto a transportation unit for transporting the empty containers 18 away from the site. It should be noted that the same transportation unit used to provide one or more filled containers 18 to the location may then be utilized to remove one or more empty containers 18 from the site.
In the illustrated embodiment, the container support frame 14 is designed to receive and support multiple containers 18. Specifically, the support frame 14 may be sized to receive and support up to three portable containers 18. The container support frame 14 may include several beams connected together (e.g., via welds, bolts, or rivets) to form a continuous group of cubic or rectangular shaped supports coupled end to end. For example, in the illustrated embodiment the support frame 14 generally includes one continuous elongated rectangular body with three distinct cubic/rectangular supports extending along a longitudinal axis of the blender unit 12. The container support frame 14 may include additional beams that function as trusses to help support the weight of the filled containers 18 disposed on the frame 14. Other shapes, layouts, and constructions of the container support frame 14 may be used in other embodiments. In addition, other embodiments of the blender unit 12 may include a container support frame 14 sized to receive other numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more) portable containers 18.
As illustrated, the hopper 50 may be disposed above and mounted to the mixer 16, and the gravity feed outlets 22 may extend downward into the hopper 50. The hopper 50 may function to funnel bulk material exiting the containers 18 via the gravity feed outlets 22 to an inlet of the mixer 16. In some embodiments of the blender unit 12, a metering gate 58 may be disposed at the bottom of the hopper 50 and used to meter the flow of bulk material from the containers 18 into the mixer 16. In other embodiments, the metering gate 58 may be disposed at another position of the blender unit 12 along the bulk material flow path between the containers 18 and the mixer 16. For example, one or more metering gates 58 may be disposed along the gravity feed outlets 22.
In some embodiments, the mixer 16 may be a “tub-less” mixer. That is, the mixer 16 may be a short, relatively small-volume mixing compartment. An example of one such mixer 16 is described in detail with respect to
Turning now to
In the illustrated embodiment, the mixer 16 may include a housing 74 with an expeller 76 mounted for rotation therein. The expeller 76 may be attached by a bolt or pin to a rotating shaft 78 powered, for example, by an attached motor 80 coupled to a bearing housing. The motor 80 may receive power (electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic) from the power source (e.g., 56 of
The housing 74 may include a housing top 96 and the housing bottom 94, as shown, coupled to the volute casing wall 86. The housing top 96 may follow the contour of the top of the expeller 76, defining an expeller upper clearance therebetween. The housing 74, in some embodiments, may house approximately a three-barrel volume. The excess volume may allow for a residual volume to permit recovery from fluid or bulk material supply irregularities. It should be noted that other shapes, sizes, and general arrangements of the mixer 16 may be utilized in other embodiments of the blender unit 12.
Turning back to
Having now described the equipment that makes up the illustrated blender unit 12, a description of the blending operations that may be performed by the blender unit 12 will be provided. First, the bulk material containers 18 may be placed on the support frame 14 of the blender unit 12 above the mixer 16. Bulk material may then be directed from the one or more containers 18 into the mixer 16 via the gravity feed outlet 22 of the blender unit 12.
The gravity feed outlets 22 may each include a chute positioned so that the upper end of the chute is disposed beneath a discharge gate of the one or more containers 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the blender unit 12 may include multiple gravity feed outlets 22, one corresponding to each container disposed on the support frame 14. In such instances, the blender unit 12 may include multiple individual hoppers coupled to the support frame 14 beneath a location of the discharge gate of each container 18 for funneling bulk material from the container 18 into the corresponding outlet 22. The hopper 50 above the mixer 16 may be sized accordingly to receive the multiple gravity feed outlets 22 while maintaining a desired angle of repose for choking the bulk material flow.
In other embodiments, however, the blender unit 12 may include a single gravity feed outlet 22 for routing material from all three containers 18 into the mixer 16. In this instance, the blender unit 12 may also include a hopper (not shown) coupled to the support frame 14 and extending beneath all of the containers 18 for funneling material from the multiple containers 18 into the single outlet 22. It may be desirable to route bulk material from the containers 18 to the mixer 16 via a single gravity feed outlet 22 when the mixer 16 used in the blender unit 12 is relatively small, with limited room in the hopper 50 for receiving more than one outlet 22.
In each embodiment of the blender unit 12, the one or more gravity feed outlets 22 may be positioned such that the lower end of the chutes are each disposed fully within the inlet at the top of the mixer 16, or fully within the hopper 50 extending above the mixer 16. This allows the gravity feed outlets 22 to provide bulk material from all of the containers positioned on the support frame 14 into the mixer 16 of the blender unit 12 at the same time.
The one or more outlets 22 enable bulk material to flow from the containers 18 into the hopper 50 via gravity. Once the material begins to flow in this manner, the flow may become choked at the hopper 50 due to an angle of repose of the material within the hopper 50. As bulk material is metered from the hopper 50 into the mixer 16 (e.g., via metering gate 58), additional bulk material is able to flow via gravity into the hopper 50 directly from the one or more outlets 22. In this way, the material flow is self-regulating, and additional material is let out of the containers 18 only as it is removed from the bottom of the hopper 50.
Gravity feeding bulk material directly from the containers 18 on the support frame 14 of the blender unit 12 into the mixer 16 may minimize an amount of dust generated during bulk material handling operations at the location. Specifically, the choke feed of bulk material through the outlets 22 and into the hopper 50 coupled to the mixer 16 may reduce an amount of dust generated at a well site, as compared to existing mechanical conveying systems. In some embodiments, it may be desirable for the blender unit 12 to include a curtain or apron disposed around the mixer 16 and/or hopper 50 to further minimize or contain dust generated by the bulk material flow through the blender unit 12.
The metering gate 58 at the outlet of the hopper 50 (or at some other location along the bulk material handling portion of the blender unit 12) may be opened/closed a desired amount to regulate the flow of bulk material into the mixer 16. The position of the metering gate 58 may be controlled via signals provided from the control system based on a predetermined or desired concentration of bulk material within the treatment mixture (e.g., well treatment mixture). The bulk material may be mixed in the tub-less mixer 16 with water, other chemical additives, gels, etc. to produce the desired treatment fluid.
The resulting treatment fluid may then be passed to the one or more pumps 52 of the blender unit 12, which in some embodiments may pump the treatment fluid directly to a wellhead. If hydraulic fracturing is being performed at the well site, the pump(s) 52 on the blender unit 12 may not operate at a sufficiently high pressure for providing the fracture treatment. In such instances, the pump(s) 52 may pass the treatment fluid from the mixer 16 of the blender unit 12 toward a high pressure pumping unit having high-pressure pumps to transfer the treatment fluid at a desired pressure to the wellhead.
In existing container-based bulk material handling systems, the bulk material is delivered from containers (often via a separate conveyor system) into a large hopper of a blender unit. Conventional blender units typically include one or more mechanical lifting device, such as sand screws or inclined conveyors, for metering and lifting the bulk material out of the large hopper and into a large mixing tub of the blender. The disclosed blender unit 12, however, includes a fully integrated container support frame 14 for receiving the containers 18 of bulk material, as well as one or more gravity feed outlets 22 for routing bulk material into a small, ground-level mixing vessel (i.e., mixer) 16. The blender unit 12, therefore, does not need any sand screws or other mechanical conveying system for lifting/delivering the bulk material from a hopper into a separate mixing tub. Accordingly, the disclosed blender unit 12 does not include any sand screws or similar mechanical lifting systems, and this reduces the equipment complexity of the blender unit 12 compared to existing blenders.
The disclosed blender unit 12 may provide a relatively large connected capacity of bulk material for use in mixing well treatment fluids, compared to existing blenders. This is because the blender unit 12 is designed to hold one or more containers 18 full of bulk material on the support frame 14 and to connect the containers 18 to the mixer 16 via one or more gravity feed outlets 22. This arrangement may decrease the number of failure mechanisms within the blender unit 12 as compared to existing blenders, since no sand screws or other mechanical conveying systems are needed. Typically, if a sand screw on a blender stops functioning properly, the mixing tub of the blender can no longer receive bulk material needed for the desired well treatment, and the treatment must be stopped. However, using the disclosed blender unit 12, there are no sand screws that might malfunction. Instead, there is a relatively large amount of bulk material available in the containers 18 disposed on the support frame 14 that is continuously connected to the mixer 16 and routed into the mixer via a force of gravity.
In addition, by not including sand screws therein, the blender unit 12 may operate more efficiently than existing blenders. Since no sand screws are used to convey bulk material from a hopper of the blender unit 12 to the mixer 16, the blender unit 12 is able to operate via fewer steps and with fewer transfer points where dust generation may occur. Further, since the blender unit 12 does not have sand screws or other mechanical conveying systems that must be powered, the blender unit 12 may operate with a lower horse-power requirement for the power source 56 than existing blenders. Therefore, the blender unit 12 may utilize a smaller power source 56 than those required to power existing systems, making the blender unit 12 lower weight and easier to transport.
The blender unit 12 may also include other features described above with reference to
In some embodiments, the blender unit 12 may also include a mulling device 113 disposed between the container 18 and the mixer 16. The mulling device 113 may be disposed between the gravity feed outlet 22 and the mixer 16, as illustrated, for conditioning the bulk material being routed from the container 18 into the mixer 16. The conditioning of the bulk material may include applying a coating or liquid additive to the bulk material such as, for example, SandWedge®, Expedite®, gel breaker, surfactant, or a similar product for mixing into or coating the bulk material. It may be desirable to apply the liquid additive via a mulling device 113 disposed downstream of both the gravity feed outlet 22 and the metering gate (e.g., 58 of
The system 110 may include additional components that are separate from but operationally coupled to the blender unit 12 to generate and provide the desired fluid treatment to the wellhead. These components may include, for example, a fluid management system 114 and one or more high pressure pumps 116, among others. As illustrated, multiple blender units 12 in accordance with disclosed embodiments may be positioned in parallel and coupled between the fluid management system 114 and the high pressure pumps 116.
The fluid management system 114 may include any desirable type and number of fluid storage components, pumps (e.g., pump 72 of
As illustrated, multiple blender units 12 may be coupled in parallel between the fluid management system 114 and the high pressure pumps 116. This arrangement enables the one or more of the blender units 12 to function as back-up units to provide back-up mixing and pumping of treatment fluid in the event of an operational failure on a primary blender unit 12. The multiple blender units 12 may provide redundancy and a large connected capacity for generating and pumping treatment fluid downhole.
Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2015/041573 | 7/22/2015 | WO | 00 |
