Block copolymer, method of making the same, diamine precursors of the same, method of making such diamines and end products comprising the block copolymer

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers, a method of making the same and certain novel diaminopolysiloxanes useful as precursors for making the block copolymers. The invention also relates to methods of making the novel diaminopolysiloxanes. In a further aspect, the invention relates to products which employ the block copolymer such as pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Block copolymers have long been used to obtain desirable performance characteristics in various products such as films, adhesives and molded articles. Block copolymers are particularly useful because the blocks can be chemically tailored to optimize desired characteristics.
Siloxane polymers have unique properties derived mainly from the physical and chemical characteristics of the siloxane bond. Such properties include low glass transition temperatures, high thermal and oxidative stability, UV resistance, low surface energy and hydrophobicity, good electrical properties and high permeability to many gases. They also have very good biocompatibility and are of great interest as biomaterials which can be utilized in the body in the presence of blood.
Unfortunately, despite these desirable features, most polydimethylsiloxane polymers based solely on polydimethylsiloxane lack tensile strength. Consequently, several references suggest ways for conveniently increasing the strength of siloxane polymers especially elastomers. For example, various references suggest that mechanical properties of polysiloxane polymers can be improved substantially through the preparation of block copolymers which include as a repeating unit a "soft" polysiloxane block or segment and any of a variety of other "hard" blocks or segments such as polyurethane. See, for example, (Ward) U.K. Pat. No. GB 2 140 444B, published Jun. 5, 1985, (Cavezzan et al) U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,758, (Nyilas) U.S. Pat. No. 3,562,352, and (Kira) U.S. Pat. No. 4,528,343.
Segmented polydimethylsiloxane polyurea elastomers, with silicone segment molecular weights less than about 4,000, prepared from silicone diamines and diisocyanates are described in Polymer, Vol. 25, pages 1800-1816, December, 1984.
However, elastomers with silicone segment molecular weights greater than about 4,000 have not been described in the literature. This reflects the difficulty of obtaining silicone diamines of sufficient purity having molecular weights greater than about 4,000. Inherent in the conventional method of preparation of silicone diamines is the generation of monofunctional and nonfunctional impurities in the desired diamine product. These contaminants have the same average molecular weight as the diamine but cannot be removed from the diamine. Thus, elastomers obtained by chain extension of these silicones contain these impurities, and the elastomeric properties are negatively affected by them. For example, monofunctional impurities inhibit the chain extension reaction and limit the attainment of optimum molecular weight, and thereby optimum tensile strength, of the polyurea. Nonfunctional silicone oil can act as a plasticizing agent, which also contributes to reduction in tensile strength, and such oil can bloom to the surface of the elastomer and be transferred, e.g., to a pressure sensitive adhesive in contact with it, resulting in loss of adhesive properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers having the conventional excellent physical properties associated with polysiloxanes of low glass transition temperature, high thermal and oxidative stability, UV resistance, low surface energy and hydrophobicity, good electrical properties and high permeability to many gases, and the additional desirable property of having excellent mechanical and elastomeric properties. The organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers of the present invention are thought to have good biocompatibility and are capable of being utilized in situations where conventional polysiloxane polymeric materials have found use. The organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers of the present invention are particularly useful, when tackified with a compatible tackifier resin, as pressure sensitive adhesive compositions.
The organosiloxane-polyurethane block copolymers of the present invention are segmented copolymers of the (AB)n type which are obtained through a condensation polymerization of a difunctional organopolysiloxane amine (which produces soft segment) with a diisocyanate (which produces a hard segment) and may include a difunctional chain extender such as a difunctional amine or alcohol, or a mixture thereof.
More specifically, the present invention provides organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers comprising a repeating unit represented by Formula I, as follows, the organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymer comprising the following repeating unit: ##STR1## where: Z is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, alkylene, aralkylene and cycloalkylene;
Y is selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl radicals, and aryl radicals;
R is at least 50% methyl with the balance of the 100% of all R radicals being selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a vinyl radical, a phenyl radical, and a substituted phenyl radical;
D is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and phenyl;
B is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, aralkylene, cycloalkylene, phenylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetramethylene oxide, polyethylene adipate, polycaprolactone, polybutadiene, and mixtures thereof, and a radical completing a ring structure including A to form a heterocycle;
A is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## where G is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, and a radical which completes a ring structure including B to form a heterocycle;
n is a number which is 70 or larger; and
m is a number which can be zero to about 25.
In the preferred block copolymer, Z is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene, methylene bis-(phenylene), isophorone, tetramethylene, cyclohexylene, and methylene dicyclohexylene and R is methyl.
A method of making the organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymer is also provided. The method comprises polymerizing under reactive conditions and in an inert atmosphere:
(1) a diamine having a molecular weight of at least 5,000 and a molecular structure represented by Formula II, as follows: ##STR3## where R, Y, D and n are as defined in Formula I above; (2) at least one diisocyanate having a molecular structure represented by Formula III, as follows:
OCN--Z--NCO III
where Z is as defined in Formula I above; and
(3) up to 95 weight percent diamine or dihydroxy chain extender having a molecular structure represented by Formula IV, as follows:
H--A--B--A--H IV
where A and B are defined above.
The combined molar ratio of silicone diamine, diamine and/or dihydroxy chain extender to diisocyanate in the reaction is that suitable for the formation of a block copolymer with desired properties. Preferably the ratio is maintained in the range of about 1:0.95 to 1:1.05.
The diisocyanate useful in the reaction can be a phenylene diisocyanate such as toluene diisocyanate or p-phenylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, aralkylene diisocyanate such as methylene bis-(phenyloisocyanate) or tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, or a cycloalkylene diisocyanate such as isophorone diisocyanate, methylene bis(cyclohexyl)diisocyanate, or cyclohexyl diisocyanate.
The reaction to make the novel block copolymer involves the use of the novel organopolysiloxane diamine represented by Formula II.
A method of making the organopolysiloxane diamine represented by Formula II is also provided. The method involves:
(1) combining under reaction conditions and in an inert atmosphere:
(a) amine functional endblocker of the molecular structure represented by Formula V, as follows: ##STR4## where D and Y are as defined in Formula I, and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical having from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical and a substituted phenyl radical;
(b) sufficient cyclic siloxane to react with said amine functional endblocker to form a lower molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine having a molecular weight less than about 2,000 and a molecular structure represented by Formula VI, as follows: ##STR5## where D, R, and Y are as defined in Formula I, and x is a number in the range of about 4 to 40;
(c) a catalytic amount not to exceed about 0.1% by weight based on the ultimate weight of the final organopolysiloxane diamine of a novel essentially anhydrous amine silanolate catalyst of a molecular structure represented by Formula VII, as follows ##STR6## where D and Y are as defined in Formula I and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical having from about to about 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical and a substituted phenyl radical, and M.sup.+ is a cation selected from the group consisting of K.sup.+, Na.sup.+, or N(CH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.+, with N(CH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.+ being preferred;
(2) continuing the reaction until substantially all of the amine functional endblocker is consumed; and
(3) adding additional cyclic siloxane until the novel organopolysiloxane diamine represented by Formula II is obtained.
The preferred amine silanolate catalyst is 3-amino-propyl dimethyl tetramethylammonium silanolate. The catalytic amount of the amine silanolate catalyst is preferably less than 0.5 weight percent, most preferably 0.005 to about 0.03 weight percent, based upon the ultimate weight of the final organopolysiloxane.
The preferred reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature range of about 80.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., a reaction time of about 5 to 7 hours, and the dropwise addition of the additional cyclic siloxane.
Also provided is a method of making an organopolysiloxane diamine having a molecular weight of at least 2000 and having less than or equal to about 0.010 weight % silanol impurities, and being prepared by the steps of
(1) combining under reaction conditions:
(a) amine functional endblocker of the general formula ##STR7## where: Y is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl, and aryl radicals; D is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and phenyl; and R is each independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, and a substituted phenyl radical;
(b) sufficient cyclic siloxane to react with said amine functional endblocker to form an intermediate organopolysiloxane diamine having a molecular weight less than about 2,000 and general formula ##STR8## where: Y and D are as defined above; R is at least 50% methyl with the balance of the 100% of all R radicals being selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a vinyl radical, a phenyl radical and a substituted phenyl radical; and x is a number in the range of about 4 to about 40; and
(c) a catalytic amount of a compound characterized by having a molecular structure represented by the formula: ##STR9## where: Y and D are as defined above; R is each independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, and a substituted phenyl radical; and Q .sup.+ is selected from the cations Cs.sup.+ and Rb.sup.+ ;
(2) continuing the reaction until substantially all of said amine functional endblocker is consumed;
(3) adding additional cyclic siloxane in an amount required to obtain the organopolysiloxane diamine of the desired molecular weight;
(4) terminating the reaction by addition of a volatile organic acid to form the organopolysiloxane diamine of at least about 2000 molecular weight having less than or equal to about 0.010 weight percent silanol impurities; and
(5) removing any residual cyclic siloxanes and volatile impurities.
Preferred amine silanolate compounds of Formula VIII are cesium 3-aminopropyldimethyl silanolate and rubidium 3-aminopropyldimethyl silanolate. The catalytic amount of the amine silanolate catalyst is preferably less than 0.025 weight percent, most preferably 0.0025 to about 0.01 weight percent, based upon the ultimate weight of the final organopolysiloxane diamine. Preferred volatile organic acids are selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, trimethylacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, and mixtures thereof. The preferred reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature range of about 150.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. and a reaction time of about 4 to 8 hours.
The present invention also relates to a method of making an organopolysiloxane diamine having a molecular weight greater than about 2000 and having less than or equal to about 0.010 weight % silanol impurities, comprising the steps of:
(a) combining under reaction conditions
(i) an amine functional endblocker represented by the formula IX ##STR10## wherein; Y is selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals comprising about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl radicals, and aryl radicals;
D is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical of about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and phenyl;
R is at least 50% methyl with the balance of the 100% of all R radicals being selected from the group consisting of a monovalent alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted alkyl radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a vinyl radical, a phenyl radical, and a substituted phenyl radical; and
x represents an integer of about 1 to about 150;
(ii) sufficient cyclic siloxane to obtain said organopolysiloxane diamine having a molecular weight greater than about 2000;
(iii) a catalytic amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of cesium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium silanolates, rubidium silanolates, cesium polysiloxanolates, rubidium polysiloxanolates, and mixtures thereof;
(b) continuing the reaction until substantially all of said amine functional endblocker is consumed;
(c) terminating the reaction by the addition of a volatile organic acid to form a mixture of an organopolysiloxane diamine having greater than about 0.010 weight % silanol impurities and one or more of the following: a cesium salt of the organic acid, a rubidium salt of the organic acid, both a cesium salt of the organic acid and a rubidium salt of the organic acid; wherein a molar excess of organic acid is added in relation to the compound of element (a)(iii);
(d) condensing under reaction conditions a sufficient amount of said silanol impurities to form an organopolysiloxane diamine having less than or equal to about 0.010 weight % silanol impurities; and
(e) optionally removing said salt.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The reaction to produce the block copolymer of the invention involves mixing under reactive conditions the organopolysiloxane diamine, diamine and/or dihydroxy chain extender, if used, and diisocyanate to produce the block copolymer with hard and soft segments respectively derived from the diisocyanate and organopolysiloxane diamine. The reaction is typically carried out in a reaction solvent.
Preferred reaction solvents are those which are unreactive with the diisocyanates and which maintain the reactants and products completely in solution throughout the polymerization reaction. It has been found that chlorinated solvents, ethers, and alcohols perform best in the case of aliphatic diisocyanates with methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, and isopropyl alcohol being preferred. For aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4'-methylene-bis-phenyl-isocyanate (MDI), a mixture of tetrahydrofuran with 10% to 25% by weight of dipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl-formamide is preferred.
The starting materials and reaction solvents are usually initially purified and dried and the reaction is carried out, under an inert atmosphere such as dry nitrogen or argon.
Suitable diisocyanates include toluene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate. Preferred diisocyanates include 4,4'-methylene-bis-phenylisocyanate (MDI), 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl)diisocyanate (H-MDI) and isophorone diisocyanate.
Chain extenders may be incorporated with the other reactants to provide other physical properties in the claimed block copolymer. The chain extenders may be short chain diamines such as hexamethylene diamine, xylylene diamine, 1,3-di(4-piperidyl)propane (DIPIP), N-2-aminoethyl propylmethyldimethoxysilane (DAS), piperazine and the like, with piperidyl propane being preferred.
Polymeric diamines as well as polymeric glycols may also be copolymerized with the polysiloxane diamines, diisocyanates, and other optional non-silicone soft segments as chain extenders to impart additional desirable properties to the silicone polyureas. The resultant copolymeric segments may comprise from as little as 5% to as much as 95% of the copolymer formulation, depending on the properties of the resultant copolymer desired.
Polymeric diamines useful as nonsilicone soft segments are those which can be obtained with functionality approaching 2.0 such as polytetramethylene oxide diamine of from 5,000 to 25,000 molecular weight, with a molecular weight in the range of 8,000 to 15,000 being most preferred. Suitable polymeric diols include polytetramethylene oxide glycol, polyethylene oxide glycol, polyethylene adipate glycol, polypropylene oxide glycol, polybutadiene glycol, polycaprolactone glycol, and the like. In preparing the polyureas from a mixture of polysiloxane and polytetramethylene oxide diamines, the diamines are dissolved together in a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride and the diisocyanate and chain extender, if used, are introduced into the mixture, preferably at a combined amine to diisocyanate molar ratio of 1:0.95 to 1.05. A two stage procedure is required to copolymerize the polymeric glycols with silicone diamines in which the glycol is first heated with the diisocyanate in an inert solvent such as toluene or tetrahydrofuran with a catalytic amount of a tin compound such as stannous octoate or dibutyl tin dilaurate for a sufficient amount of time, e.g., one half to one hour, until all of the alcohol groups have been capped with isocyanate. In the second stage, the polysiloxane diamine is added followed by any optional diamine chain extenders to provide the polyether or polyester polyurethane polysiloxane polyurea block copolymer, with the combined molar ratio of amine plus alcohol to isocyanate preferably being held in the range of 1:0.95 to 1:1.05 to provide for complete reaction.
The organopolysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers of this invention, useful as films or coatings, are prepared in and cast from solvents.
A significant feature of the invention is the discovery that substantially pure organopolysiloxane diamines can be produced with a preselected desired molecular weight in excess of 5,000 with excellent difunctionality. It is thought such organopolysiloxane diamines are produced according to the present invention with such high purity because of the presence of the following key process conditions during the preparation:
1. utilize an anhydrous amino alkyl functional silanolate catalyst such as tetramethylammonium 3-aminopropyldimethyl silanolate;
2. use a minimum amount of this catalyst, preferably less than 0.05% by weight based upon the weight of the silicone diamine being prepared; and
3. run the reaction in two stages, as herein described.
As previously mentioned, the reaction to produce the organopolysiloxane diamine employs an anhydrous amine functional silanolate catalyst represented by Formula VII. The preferred catalyst in this polymerization is 3-amino-propyl dimethyl tetramethylammonium silanolate, itself a novel compound, obtained as a crystalline solid from the reaction of one molar equivalent of 1,3 bis-(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane with 2 molar equivalents of tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate in tetrahydrofuran under reflux, followed by drying under vacuum for 5 hours (0.1 mm) at 60.degree. C.
In the first stage of the reaction, a low molecular weight silicone diamine having a structure as defined by Formula VI is prepared by reacting an amine functional disiloxane endblocker of the type represented by Formula V with a cyclic siloxane in the presence of a catalytic amount of anhydrous amine functional silanolate represented by Formula VII in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. The amount of catalyst employed should be less than 0.05 weight percent, preferably 0.005 to about 0.03 weight percent, by weight of the resultant diamino silicone. While not wanting to be bound by theory, it is thought that, by using a minimum amount of an anhydrous amine functional silanolate catalyst, the number of inactive chain ends that are produced by catalyst molecules and spurious water are held to a minimum.
The reaction is typically carried out in bulk at a temperature of 80.degree.-90.degree. C., and under these conditions is usually complete in about 0.5-2 hours, as judged by substantially complete disappearance of the endblocker of the reaction mixture as determined by vapor phase chromatography. An intermediate organopolysiloxane diamine is obtained having a molecular weight of less than about 2,000 and a molecular structure represented by Formula VI.
The second stage of the reaction involves the slow addition of the remainder of the cyclic siloxane required to achieve the desired molecular weight, preferably dropwise addition, at such a rate that the cyclic siloxane is incorporated into the polymer about as fast as it is added, usually in about 5 to 7 hours at the reaction temperature of 80.degree.-90.degree. C. The desired organopolysiloxane diamine is produced having a molecular weight in excess of 5,000 and a structure as defined by Formula II. By utilizing this two-stage method with a minimum amount of amine functional anhydrous silanolate catalyst, silicone diamines of Formula II may be consistently prepared in any desired molecular weight from about 5,000 to about 70,000 having excellent difunctionality with little contamination from monofunctional and nonfunctional polysiloxane impurities.
Substantially pure, difunctional organopolysiloxane diamines of Formula II wherein "n" is 30 or greater, having a molecular weight of greater than about 2,000, preferably greater than about 5,000, may also be prepared using an alternative, yet related, two stage method. This method consists of combining the amine functional disiloxane endblocker of the type represented by Formula V with a cyclic siloxane in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. These reagents are then heated and purged with inert gas to dispel water vapor and the volatile contaminants, such as carbon dioxide, which effectively poison the silanolate polymerization catalyst. After heating to about 150.degree. to about 160.degree. C., a solution of the anhydrous cesium or rubidium silanolate catalyst (as described in Formula VIII) in toluene is added. The amount of catalyst employed should be less than about 0.025% by weight, preferably from about 0.0025 to about 0.01% based on the weight of organopolysiloxane diamine products. As discussed supra, it is thought that the use of minimum amount of an anhydrous amine functional silanolate catalyst provides a means to reduce the level of undesired monofunctional and nonfunctional polysiloxane impurities in the final organopolysiloxane diamine product.
The reaction is typically carried out in bulk at a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 160.degree. C., and under these conditions is usually complete in about 0.5 to about 2.0 hours, as judged by substantially complete disappearance of the endblocker of the reaction mixture as determined by vapor phase chromatography. An intermediate organopolysiloxane diamine is obtained having a molecular weight of less than about 2,000 and a molecular structure represented by Formula VI.
The next step of the reaction involves the addition of the remainder of the cyclic siloxane monomer required to achieve the desired molecular weight. When the added cyclic siloxane has been totally consumed, usually in about one to two hours as judged by vapor phase chromatography, the final step of this method involves the addition of an excess of an organic acid in an amount sufficient to neutralize the catalyst and terminate the reaction. Such organic acids must be volatile (i.e. have a boiling point of less than about 100.degree. C. at 1 mmHg) so that excess acid may be readily removed with other volatile impurities in a subsequent step of this method which involves heating the mixture under vacuum. Furthermore, the volatile organic acid must not cause the re-equilibration of the reaction product which would result in the reformation of the starting materials. Examples of useful volatile organic acids include but are not limited to those selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, trimethylacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, and mixtures thereof. In addition to small amounts of free silanol, this process generates the cesium or rubidium salt of the volatile organic acid or acids employed in terminating the polymerization. These acid salts are insoluble in the silicone diamine product at ambient temperatures, and are removed by conventional methods after the residual cyclic siloxanes and volatile impurities have been distilled off under high vacuum at 150.degree. to 160.degree. C. over a period of about two to three hours.
Significantly, with prolonged heating (i.e., 4 to 10 hours at elevated temperatures), the cesium and rubidium salts have been found to serve as effective catalysts for the condensation of the remaining silanol impurities (i.e., terminal silanol, or-SiOH moieties, such as organopolysiloxanes having 1 terminal silanol group and 1 terminal amine group and organopolysiloxanes having 2 terminal silanol groups) to Si--O--Si linkages, thus converting most monoamine and nonamine functional impurities into organopolysiloxane diamines. With this discovery, it is also possible to prepare high purity, high molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamines without the necessity of utilizing minimum amounts of anhydrous amine functional silanolate catalysts. Catalytic compounds selected from the group consisting of cesium hydroxide (which may be in aqueous solution), rubidium hydroxide (which may be in aqueous solution), cesium polysiloxanolates, rubidium polysiloxanolates, and mixtures thereof, although initially generating high levels of silanol end groups, ultimately provide organopolysiloxane diamines of equivalent purity to products obtained from the anhydrous catalyst through the condensation of terminal silanols. By utilizing this method with a cesium-based or rubidium-based catalyst, organopolysiloxane diamines of Formula II wherein "n" may be further defined as 30 or greater may be consistently and conveniently prepared in any desired molecular weight from 2,000 or more, typically about 5,000 to about 250,000 or more, having excellent difunctionality with little contamination from monofunctional and nonfunctional polysiloxane impurities.
This method, which is especially useful for preparing organopolysiloxane diamines of Formula II having very high molecular weight (i.e., greater than 70,000) and high purity, comprises the use of a silicone diamine endblocker represented by Formula IX. In contrast to the other methods of the present invention which employ monomeric amine functional disiloxane endblockers, this amine functional endblocker may further comprise oligomeric and polymeric silicone diamines having a molecular weight of up to 10,000 and having any level of silanol content as a starting material. Following the removal of volatile contaminants such as water or carbon dioxide from these materials, a mixture of the amine functional endblocker and cyclic siloxane is heated to a temperature of about 100 to about 160.degree. C., preferably to about 150.degree. to about 160.degree. C., in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. The amount of cyclic siloxane starting material required depends both upon the molecular weight of the amine functional endblocker and the desired molecular weight of the organopolysiloxane diamine product. To this heated mixture is then added a catalytic amount of a solution of a compound selected from the group consisting cesium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium silanolates, rubidium silanolates, cesium polysiloxanolates, rubidium polysiloxanolates, and mixtures thereof. This catalytic amount depends upon the reactivity, availability and expense of the compound utilized. Examples of useful amounts of compounds selected from the group consisting of cesium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof range from about 0.005 to about 1 weight percent based upon the total weight of the endblocker and cyclic siloxane. The more highly reactive and less common compounds selected from the group consisting of cesium silanolates, rubidium silanolates, and mixtures thereof may be used at a lower concentration, typically from about 0.005 to about 0.3 weight percent based upon the total weight of the endblocker and cyclic siloxane. This reaction is then continued until completion (about 0.5 to about 2 hours) when the expected proportion of the mixed cyclic siloxane coproduct of this reaction is obtained (approximately 10 to 15% by weight) as determined by vapor phase chromatography.
After this level of mixed cyclic siloxane material is reached, then the reaction mixture is cooled and a sufficient amount of a volatile organic acid such as those described above is added to provide a solution of neutral or acidic pH. Generally, the temperature must be cooled below the boiling point of the organic acid, preferably to temperature of about 60.degree. to about 80.degree. C. Addition of such organic acids terminates the reaction and causes the formation of the organopolysiloxane diamine product of the desired molecular weight, but also includes a high level of silanol containing, monoamine and nonamine functional polysiloxane impurities and a small quantity of residual mixed cyclic siloxane byproducts. An additional product of this step is the cesium and/or rubidium salt formed by the reaction of the catalyst and the organic acid used in the termination of the reaction.
This mixture of impure organopolysiloxane diamine and cesium and/or rubidium salt is then heated to about 130.degree. to about 160.degree. C. for a period of about 4 to 8 hours under vacuum conditions. As described above, at elevated temperatures the cesium and/or rubidium salts present in this mixture act to catalyze the condensation reaction of substantially all silanol impurities (to provide a product having less than 0.010 wt % silanol impurities). The vacuum is necessary to encourage this reaction as the vacuum continuously removes the water produced as a result of the condensation of the silanol groups to form Si--O--Si linkages and the formation of substantially pure, difunctional organopolysiloxane diamines of the present invention. The vacuum also provides a means to remove the residual mixed cyclic siloxane fraction from the product. As an optional final step, the remaining insoluble cesium and/or rubidium salt may be removed from the organopolysiloxane diamine by any conventional method, such as filtration or centrifugation.
The prior art method for the preparation of amine terminated silicones from the equilibration of cyclic siloxanes, amine functional disiloxanes and basic catalysts such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide or siloxanolate has proven unsatisfactory for obtaining diamino organopolysiloxanes of molecular weight in excess of 4,000 with good difunctionality. These poor results are thought to be caused by a number of deleterious factors inherent in the previous methods, which include running the reaction in a single stage or all at once with the catalyst, amine functional endblocker and all the cyclic siloxane together. This results in incomplete incorporation of endblocker and higher than calculated molecular weights. The use of an excessive amount of a nonfunctional hydrated catalyst produces a significant percentage of non-amine terminated silicone polymers as impurities in the final product. These results are obviated in the method of the present invention by the use of an essentially anhydrous amine functional catalyst at a minimum concentration in a two-stage reaction as described above.
The segmented polysiloxane block copolymers of this invention can be prepared in a wide range of useful properties through variations in the ratio of soft segments to hard segment, the nature of the chain extenders and other polymers employed, and the molecular weight of the polysiloxane segment. For example, the combination of relatively low molecular weight (4,000-7,000), silicone segments with relatively high hard segment content provides stiff, hard, yet flexible rubbers
It has been discovered that these copolymers are suitable for use as release coatings for a variety of pressure-sensitive adhesives. They have a high degree of difunctionality with little contamination from monofunctional or nonfunctional siloxane impurities, virtually eliminating re-adhesion problems They have good stability in solution, are film-forming, and have unusually high strength plus desirable mechanical and elastomeric properties. In addition, they do not require high temperature curing or long processing times, a decided advantage in pressure-sensitive tape manufacturing.
The block copolymers of this invention, for most applications, do not require curing to achieve their desirable properties, but yield tough films upon drying. Where additional stability, solvent resistance or other additional strength is desired, the silicone block copolymers can be crosslinked after casting or coating by any of the conventional methods described in the art, such as electron beam radiation, or use of peroxides.
As mentioned previously, the segmented copolymers of this invention may be prepared with a wide range of useful properties through variations in the ratio of soft segments to hard segments, the amount and nature of the chain extenders employed, and the molecular weight of the polysiloxane segment These variations give rise to varying amounts of release, i.e., from 10 g/cm or less, to about 350 g/cm. Certain copolymers are especially useful as low-adhesion backsizes (LABs) for removable pressure-sensitive adhesives such as masking tapes. LABs for tapes in roll form ideally exhibit release toward the adhesive of about 60 to 350 g/cm width. The preferred hard segment content for copolymers used as release agents and LABs is from about 15% to about 70%. Preferred ranges vary, depending on the type of adhesive and its ultimate use, i.e., the preferred range for LABs used in masking tapes is from about 25% to about 60%. Copolymers having this range exhibit the necessary combination of adequate unwind on fresh tape and moderate unwind after adverse aging conditions of heat and humidity, plus acceptable paint masking performance, paint flaking resistance and the ability to hold when used in overtaping applications.
Block copolymers of medium molecular weight silicone segments (7,000-25,000) alone, or combined with other elastomeric blocks and a hard segment content in the 15-25% range, provide highly elastic, resilient, quite strong silicone elastomers. With the high difunctionality of the silicone diamines of this invention, it is possible to prepare silicone elastomers even with very high molecular weight silicone segments (25,000-70,000) and hard segment content as low as 0.5 to 10%. Such polymers are extremely soft and deformable and naturally of low tensile strength; however, it has been discovered that when these silicone polyureas are blended with an approximately equal weight of hydroxy-functional silicone tackifier resins commercially available as the MQ series, such as "MQ" SR-545 from the General Electric Company, a new type of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive is obtained. Through variation in silicone molecular weight and hard segment content, pressure-sensitive adhesive can be formulated with an optimum balance of tack, peel adhesion, and shear holding properties without the necessity of post-curing reactions. Furthermore, since the cohesive strength of these polymers is a result of physical forces of attraction between urea groups and not chemical cross-linking, these silicone polyurea pressure-sensitive adhesives can be coated onto tapes by hot melt extrusion processes.

This invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are not intended to be limiting in scope. Unless indicated otherwise, the molecular weights refer to number average molecular weights.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of the Catalyst
A 100 ml three-necked round bottom flask equipped with magnetic stirrer, argon inlet and condenser fitted with a drying tube was charged with 12.4 g (0.05 mole) of 1,3-bis (3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, 18.1 g tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate and 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred and heated under reflux in an argon atmosphere for 1.5 hours until a vapor phase chromatograph (VPC) showed complete disappearance of the disiloxane peak. Upon cooling, the mixture separated into two layers. The tetrahydrofuran was allowed to distill from the mixture until a pot temperature of 75.degree. C. was achieved, leaving a yellow oil which was stirred and heated under vacuum (0.1 mm) in an oil bath at 60.degree. C. until no more volatiles distilled (ca 5 hours). The crude product, a yellow waxy solid, was recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran (THF) under argon, filtered and dried under vacuum to give 3-aminopropyl dimethyl tetramethylammonium silanolate as a white crystalline solid. The chemical structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR), and the product was stored at room temperature under argon.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of Silicone Diamine
A 500 ml three-necked round bottom flask equipped with thermometer, mechanical stirrer, dropping funnel and dry argon inlet was charged with 3.72 g bis (3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and 18 g of octamethylcyclotetra-siloxane (D.sub.4) which had been previously purged for 10 minutes with argon. The flask contents were heated to 80.degree. C. with an oil bath and a trace (about 0.03 to 0.05 g) of the catalyst described in Example 1 was added via a spatula. The reaction was stirred at 80.degree. C. and after 30 minutes of stirring had become quite viscous. VPC showed that the endblocker had completely disappeared. To the resultant reaction mixture (which consisted of a 1,500 molecular weight silicone diamine, cyclic siloxanes and active catalyst) was added dropwise over a six hour period 330 g of argon-purged D.sub.4, resulting in a further rise in the viscosity. Heating the reaction flask contents at 80.degree. C. was continued overnight. The catalyst was decomposed by heating at 150.degree. C. for 1/2 hour and the product was stripped at 140.degree. at 0.1 mm pressure until no more volatiles distilled (ca. 1.5 hr.), resulting in 310 g of a clear, colorless viscous oil (a yield of 88% of theoretical). The molecular weight of the product determined by acid titration was 21,200.
Using this procedure, but varying the ratio of endblocker to D.sub.4, silicone diamines with molecular weights from 4,000 to as high as 70,000 were prepared.
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of Silicone Polyurea
Under argon, to a solution of 10.92 g of the 21,200 MW silicone diamine described in Example 2 in 65 ml of methylene chloride was added, all at once, a solution of 0.80 g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in 15 ml of dichloromethane, resulting in a clear solution. To the clear solution was added dropwise a solution of 0.65 g 1,3-dipiperidyl propane (DIPIP) in 10 ml dichloromethane. Toward the end of the addition, the viscosity rose substantially until the magnetic stirrer almost stopped, producing a clear solution of silicone polyurea with a molar ratio of silicone diamine/DIPIP/IPDI of 1:6:7. This solution was cast onto a glass plate and the solvent allowed to evaporate overnight, resulting in a clear film which was quite strong and highly elastic, and had a tensile strength of 5,210 kPa, 300% elongation, and a permanent set of 5%.
The tensile strength, elongation and permanent set values were all measured at break. The tensile strength, percent elongation, and percent permanent set of the elastomeric materials were determined according to ASTM D 412-68 under ambient conditions at a temperature of about 23.degree. C. According to this procedure, elastomer specimens, cast from solvent, were dried, cut to form "dumbbell"-shaped configurations, and the dumbbells were stretched to the breaking point. The stretching was accomplished by use of a tensile testing device which recorded the tensile strength during stretching until the test specimen broke. The tensile strength at break in kPa was recorded. The device also recorded the percent elongation at break to the nearest 10 percent. The percent permanent set was determined by carefully fitting together the broken pieces of the test dumbbell 10 minutes after the specimen had broken, measuring the combined length of the broken and stretched specimen pieces, dividing this measured length by the original length of the specimen before stretching, and multiplying the quotient by 100.
EXAMPLES 4-15
Preparation of Silicone Polyurea
Under argon, to a solution of 2.06 g isophorone diisocyanate (IDPI) in 30 ml dichloromethane was added a solution of 0.87 g 1,3-dipiperidyl propane (DIPIP) in 20 ml dichloromethane. A solution of 9.8 g of silicone diamine of 9,584 molecular weight in 20 ml dichloromethane was then added dropwise. To the resulting clear solution was added dropwise a solution of 0.86 g of DIPIP in 10 ml of dichloromethane. Toward the end of the addition, the reaction mixture became very viscous. After 1/2 hour, the resultant viscous solution was cast onto a glass plate and the solvent allowed to evaporate, producing an elastomer film of silicone polyurea with a diamine/DIPIP/IPDI molar ratio of 1:8:9, which was clear, yet stiff with a tensile strength of 8,453 kPa, 200% elongation and 15% permanent set.
Silicone polyureas with a wide range of elastomeric properties were prepared by procedures illustrated in the examples above. The properties of a number of these silicone elastomers are listed in Table I below as Examples 5-15.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Silicone Polyurea ElastomersSilicone Chain Inherent Silicone-Polyurea Perm.Ex. Diamine Extender Diisocyanate Inherent Tensile Elongation at SetNo. (MW) (Moles) (Moles) Viscosity (kPa) Break (%) (%)__________________________________________________________________________5 5800 DIPIP (1) H-MDI (2) 1.34 8280 600 --6 6100 (0) H-MDI (1) 0.75 4623 750 157 6100 DIPIP (1) H-mDI (2) 0.87 6,038 470 28 8400 DIPIP (5) H-MDI (6) 0.75 7590 150 --9 8400 DIPIP (8) IPDI (9) -- 11247 260 --10 9600 DIPIP (3) H-MDI (4) 0.94 7038 375 1511 9600 DIPIP (8) H-MDI (9) -- 8453 200 1512 11300 DIPIP (3) H-MDI (4) 1.33 8383 500 613 21200 DIPIP (6) IPDI (7) 1.07 5210 300 514 21200 DIPIP (6) H-MDI (7) 1.15 4382 375 1015 36300 DIPIP (9) H-MDI (10) 1.21 3002 520 10__________________________________________________________________________ Chain Extender DIPIP = 1,3di(4-piperidyl)propane Diisocyanates HMDI = Methylene 4,4' dicyclohexane isocyanate (hydrogenated MDI) IPDI = Isophorone diisocyanate
EXAMPLE 16
Preparation of Silicone Diamine by the Prior Art Procedure
To 10 g of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D.sub.4), previously purged for 20 minutes with argon, was added 0.08 g of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate. After stirring at 80.degree. C. under argon for 30 minutes, the mixture became very viscous indicating that conversion to tetramethyl ammonium siloxanolate (the actual catalyst) had occurred. A solution of 2.5 g bis (aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane endblocker (0.01 mole) in 105 g of D.sub.4 was added all at once to produce a clear solution which was stirred at 80.degree. C. to 85.degree. C. under argon to provide an assumed 85% yield of polymer having a theoretical molecular weight of 10,000.
After heating the clear solution for 24 hours, it was determined by VPC that a substantial amount of endblocker had not been incorporated into the polymer After 48 hours, although VPC indicated that some unincorporated endblocker was still present, the reaction was terminated by heating to 150.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The resultant clear, colorless oil was stripped under aspirator vacuum at 120.degree. to 130.degree. C. for one hour to remove all volatiles, leaving 103 g (87% yield) of product.
Titration of the product with 0.1N hydrochloric acid revealed an amino content of 0.166 meq/g or a calculated molecular weight of 12,043 assuming the product is completely difunctional.
EXAMPLE 16A
Preparation of Silicone Diamine by the Prior Art Procedure
The siloxanolate catalyst was prepared as described above from 30 g D.sub.4 and 0.20 g of Me.sub.4 NOH.cndot.5H.sub.2 O. To this catalyst was added a solution of 9.92 g (H2NCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Si).sub.2 --O endblocker (0.04 mole) in 200 g D.sub.4. The mixture was stirred and heated at 85.degree. C. under argon, and the course of the reaction was followed by VPC After 18 hrs, no endblocker remained in the mixture, and the reaction was terminated by heating at 150.degree. C. for 30 minutes. Residual cyclics were distilled at 130.degree.-150.degree. C. at 0.1 mm Hg, to provide the product as a clear, colorless oil which was cooled to room temperature. The yield was 198 g (83% yield). Titration of the product with 0.1N HCl gave a molecular weight of 5412. The theoretical molecular weight was 5000.
EXAMPLE 17
Preparation of Silicone Polyurea Elastomer Using Prior Art Silicone Diamine
A 100 ml one-neck round bottom flask was charged with 10.51 g of the 12,043 molecular weight silicone diamine of Example 16 and dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane. A solution of 0.91 g H-MDI in 10 ml dichloromethane was added all at once with stirring. The resulting clear solution was treated dropwise with stirring with a solution of 0.55 g 1,3-bis(4-piperidyl)propane (DIPIP) in 5 ml of dichloromethane. Toward the end of the addition, the solution became viscous but remained clear. After 1/2 hour, the viscous solution was cast on a glass plate, leaving an elastomeric film, upon solvent evaporation, of a polyurea with a silicone diamine/DIPIP/H-MDI molar ratio of 1:3:4.
EXAMPLE 17A
Preparation of Silicone Polyurea Elastomer Using Prior Art Silicone Diamine
Following the procedure described in Example 17 above, a silicone polyurea elastomer was prepared from 16.03 g of the 5412 molecular weight silicone diamine of Example 16A, 0.62 g DIPIP, and 1.55 g H-MDI in dichloromethane solution. After casting on a glass plate, a clear silicone polyurea elastomer was obtained having the molar ratio of silicone diamine/DIPIP/H-MDI of 1:1:2.
EXAMPLE 18
Comparison of Elastomeric Properties of Silicone Polyureas Prepared with "Prior Art" Silicone Diamines and Present Invention Diamines
The tensile strength, inherent viscosity, elongation at break, and permanent set of the silicone polyureas of Examples 17 and 17A were compared to the properties of analogous silicone polyureas derived from silicone diamines of similar molecular weight prepared by the method of the present invention. Results are shown in Table II. Included in this Table II are results obtained from the extraction of these films with boiling cyclohexane (Extractable Oil). Significant amounts of free silicone oil were obtained from films prepared using the "Prior Art" diamines when compared to the films prepared using diamines of the invention. As the molecular weight of the diamine was increased, the relative level of impurities also increased, resulting in progressively inferior physical properties when compared to the polyureas of the present invention.
TABLE II______________________________________ Elon- gation Mol. at Perm.Ex. Wt. of Inherent Tensile Break Set Extract.No. Diamine Viscosity (kPa) (%) (%) Oil (%)______________________________________17A 5,400 .67 6916 555 37 3.0PriorArt17 12,000 .51 3312 290 3 6.0PriorArtEx. 3 5,300 .70 8034 550 35 1.0Theinvent.Ex. 12 11,300 1.33 8383 500 6 1.2Theinvent.______________________________________
EXAMPLE 19
A Silicone-Polyether Polyurea Copolymer
A mixture of 8.2 g of a silicone diamine of 8215 molecular weight, 7.3 g of 7,300 molecular weight polytetramethylene oxide diamine, and 0.67 g of DIPIP was dissolved in a solvent system of 90 ml isopropyl alcohol and 50 ml of dichloromethane. With stirring at room temperature, 1.11 g of isophorone diisocyanate was added dropwise. Toward the end of the addition, the solution became quite viscous but remained clear and did not gel. A film was cast from the viscous solution, dried and the resulting crystal clear silicone-polyether elastomer had a tensile strength of 19,458 kPa, 650% elongation and 6% permanent set.
EXAMPLE 20
Silicone-Polyester Polyurethane Polyurea Copolymer Elastomers
A one liter, three-necked round bottom flask was charged with 19.2 g of 2000 molecular weight polycaprolactone diol ("Tone"-0240 from Union Carbide) and 100 ml toluene. The solution was heated to boiling and a small quantity of solvent was allowed to distill from the flask to azeotropically dry the contents. Isophorone diisocyanate (9.92 grams) was added, followed by three drops of the catalyst dibutyl tin dilaurate. After an initial vigorous reaction, the clear solution was heated under reflux for 1/2 hour. The reaction was diluted to 300 ml with toluene and a solution of 24 g of a 10,350 molecular weight silicone diamine in 50 ml of toluene was added fairly rapidly with stirring. The resulting clear, colorless solution was treated rapidly while stirring with a solution of 6.88 g of 1,3-bis (4-piperidyl) propane in 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol. The reaction became quite viscous but remained clear. After an additional hour, the solution was cast in a tray and the solvent allowed to evaporate. The resulting elastomer, a silicone-polyester polyurethane polyurea, contained 40% silicone and was clear, strong and highly elastic.
EXAMPLES 21-24
Preparation of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Using Polysiloxane Polyurea Block Copolymer
A 200 ml round bottom flask was charged with 23.23 g of freshly prepared silicone diamine of 21,213 molecular weight and 35.3 g of toluene. The solution was stirred at room temperature and 0.29 of H-MDI was added followed by another 28 g toluene. After 20 minutes, the solution had become very viscous. The pressure-sensitive adhesive was produced by adding 39.2 g of a 60% solution in xylene of an MQ silicone resin composition available from General Electric Company as SR-545. The final solids content was adjusted to 35% by the further addition of 10.3 g of toluene. The resulting pressure-sensitive adhesive solution had a silicone polyurea gum to MQ resin weight ratio of 1:1.
By a similar procedure, a number of other silicone polyurea pressure-sensitive adhesives were prepared by blending the polyurea obtained from the reaction of silicone diamines of various molecular weights with equimolar amounts of diisocyanates with an equal weight of MQ silicate resin. These were coated onto polyester film at a 25 to 33 .mu.m thickness to provide pressure-sensitive adhesive flexible sheet materials.
The performance of these examples was evaluated by two standard test methods as described by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) of Philadelphia, Pa. and the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC) of Glenview, Ill. These are Procedures No. 1 (peel adhesion) and No. 7 (shear strength).
Peel Adhesion
ASTM P3330-78 PSTC-1 (11/75)
Peel adhesion is the force required to remove a coated flexible sheet material from a test panel measured at a specific angle and rate of removal. In the examples this force is expressed in Newtons per 100 mm (N/100 mm) width of coated sheet. The procedure follows:
1. A 12.5 mm width of the coated sheet is applied to the horizontal surface of a clean glass test plate with at least 12.7 lineal cm in firm contact. A hard rubber roller is used to apply the strip.
2. The free end of the coated strip is doubled back nearly touching itself, so the angle of removal will be 180.degree. . The free end is attached to the adhesion tester scale.
3. The glass test plate is clamped in the jaws of the tensile testing machine which is capable of moving the plate away from the scale at a constant rate of 2.3 meters per minute.
4. The scale reading in Newtons is recorded as the tape is peeled from the glass surface. The data is recorded as the average value of the range of numbers observed during the test.
Shear Holding Strength
(Reference: ASTM: D3654-78; PSTC-7)
The shear strength is a measure of the cohesiveness or internal strength of an adhesive. It is based upon the amount of force required to pull an adhesive strip from a standard flat surface in a direction parallel to the surface to which it has been affixed with a definite pressure it is measured in terms of time (in minutes) required to pull a standard area of adhesive coated sheet material from a stainless steel test panel under stress of a constant, standard load.
The tests were conducted on adhesive coated strips applied to a stainless steel panel such that a 12.5 mm portion of each strip was in firm contact with the panel with one end portion of the tape being free. The panel with coated strip attached was held in a rack such that the panel forms an angle of 178.degree. with the extended tape free end which is then tensioned by application of a force of one kilogram applied as a hanging weight from the free end of the coated strip. The 2.degree. less than 180.degree. is used to negate any peel forces thus insuring that only the shear forces are measured in an attempt to more accurately determine the holding power of the tape being tested. The time elapsed for each tape example to separate from the test panel is recorded as the shear strength.
For the examples of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from silicone polyureas without chain extenders, the peel adhesion and shear results are listed in Table III.
TABLE III______________________________________Silicone Polyurea Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive (1:1 Silicone Diamine/H-MDI) Gum: MQ Resin = 1:1! PSAEx. Silicone Adhesion Shear (23.degree. C.)No. Diamine MW (N/100 mm) (Minutes)______________________________________22 10,300 12 10000+21 21,200 43 10000+23 36,380 61 23424 53,500 52 382______________________________________
EXAMPLES 25-29
Preparation of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Using Polysiloxane Polyurea Block Copolymers With Chain Extenders
A solution of 17.55 g of 34,000 molecular weight silicone diamine (0.0585 meq/g) in 100 ml of methylene chloride was rapidly added at room temperature with stirring to a solution of 0.54 g of methylene bis 4,4'dicyclohexyl!isocyanate (H-MDI) in 50 ml of methylene chloride. A solution of 0.12 g of 1,3-bis(4-piperidyl) propane (DIPIP) in 25 ml of methylene chloride was slowly added dropwise resulting in a silicone-polyurea solution which became viscous but did not gel upon completion of the second addition. To prepare the pressure-sensitive adhesive, there was added 30.7 of a 60% xylene solution of MQ silicate resin (SR-545) producing 1:1 silicone block copolymer to tackifier weight ratio. The solution containing this adhesive was cast on polyester to produce a 33 txm adhesive film which was tested according to Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC) Procedures No. 1 (peel adhesion) and No. 7 (shear strength). The results showed 50N/100 mm of peel adhesion to glass and 10,000 plus minutes of shear holding time. This is compared to a number of other pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions of the invention using silicone diamines having differing molecular weight as shown in Table IV.
TABLE IV______________________________________Silicone Polyurea Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive(With Chain Extender)Silicone-Polyurea Gum PSA DIPIP Shear Silicone Chain Peel HoldingEx. Diamine Extender H-MDI Adhesion 23.degree. C.No. (MW) (Moles) (Moles) N/100 mm Minutes______________________________________26 21,000 4 5 10 10,000+27 21,000 3 4 28 10,000+28 19,000 2 3 31 --25 34,000 3 4 50 --29 55,000 2 3 76 (split) --______________________________________
EXAMPLE 30
Preparation of Copolymer to be used as Release Agent
______________________________________Composition:______________________________________PDMS (MW-5560) 25 parts by weightPCL (MW-1250) 35 parts by weightDIPIP/IPDI 40 parts by weight______________________________________
Procedure:
Polycaprolactone diol (PCL) (35 g) in toluene was refluxed under nitrogen for 30 minutes with the entire charge of IPDI (24.06 g) in the presence of a catalytic amount (3 drops) of dibutyl tin dilaurate. After reflux, heat was removed and toluene was added to dilute the entire mass to 500 ml. After cooling to room temperature, the PDMS diamine (25.0 g) along with 100 ml toluene was added and stirred for 15 minutes.
Then DIPIP (15.94 g), dissolved in 100 ml isopropanol, was added slowly over a period of 2-3 minutes and stirred for 30 minutes. An increase in viscosity was observed within 5 minutes. The entire solution remained clear and colorless throughout the procedure. A final dilution with toluene brought the solids level to approximately 10% in the solvent blend of 90:10 ratio of toluene:isopropanol. A 1.5 rail urethane saturated smooth crepe paper backing was primed with a chloroprene latex, Neoprene TM (N-115) made by DuPont, in one trip. In a second trip, the LAB was applied from a metering roll to the opposite side of the backing using a 50% solid solution in toluene/isopropanol. Finally, in a third trip, to the primer side was applied a latex adhesive (45% natural rubber/57% Piccolyte TM S-65, a poly beta-pinene tackifying resin with a ring and ball softening point of 65.degree. C. made by Hercules Co.), of coating weight of 4.4 mg/cm.sup.2.
EXAMPLE 31
______________________________________Composition:______________________________________polydimethyl-diphenyl 25% (contains 10 mole %siloxane (PDMDPS) diphenylsiloxane)(MW 2680)PCL (MW 1250) 35%DIPIP/IPDI 40%______________________________________
This was prepared and coated similar to procedure used in Example 30.
EXAMPLE 32
______________________________________Composition:______________________________________PDMS (MW 5590) 10%PCL (MW 1240) 60%DIPIP/IPDI 15%DAS/IPDI 15%______________________________________
This was coated similar to the procedure used in Example 30.
EXAMPLE 33
______________________________________Composition:______________________________________PDMS (MW 4900) 23%PCL (MW 1250) 42%DIPIP/IPDI 35%______________________________________
This was coated similar to the procedure used in Example 30. The test results from the above examples are tabulated in Table V.
EXAMPLE 34
______________________________________Composition:______________________________________PDMS (MW 4900) 20%PCL (MW 1250) 20%DIPIP/IPDI 60%______________________________________
This was coated similar to the procedure of Example 30.
TESTING
The performance of Examples 30-34 was evaluated by the standard test method for peel adhesion as described supra and the unwind test described below.
UNWIND TEST
Testing was accomplished using an Instron-type testing at 90.degree. angle and 90 in/min separation. Data is presented in ounces per inch.
TABLE V______________________________________UNWINDUNWINDEx. 3 WEEKS RT 65.degree. C./16 HRS 90%-50% RH______________________________________30 17 21 2131 26 21 --32 23 12 2433 22 12 2034 11 17 n/a______________________________________PEEL ADHESION TESTPEEL ADHESION TESTEx. 3 WEEKS RT 65.degree. C./16 HRS 90%-50% RH______________________________________30 53 52 5131 51 51 --32 50 50 5033 51 49 5234 50 50 --______________________________________ RT = 22.degree. C./50% Relative Humidity 65.degree. C./16 Hrs. was followed by 24 Hrs. at 22.degree. C./50% Relative Humidity 90%-50%: Tape was aged at 32.degree. C./90% Relative Humidity for 2 weeks followed by 1 week at 22.degree. C./50% Relative Humidity.
All examples were coated from 5% solutions on ULTRA backing using a metering roll.
EXAMPLE 35
Preparation of cesium 3-aminopropyldimethyl silanolate
A 250 ml 1-neck round bottom flask equipped with magnetic stirrer and a condenser fitted with a Dean-Stark water separator was charged with 7.9 g bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (available from Silar Chemical Co.), 20 g of cesium hydroxide as a 50% aqueous solution (available from Aldrich Chemical Co.), and 100 ml toluene. The mixture was heated under reflux for 16 hours with azeotropic removal of water. The resulting clear, colorless solution was cooled to room temperature, the product precipitated by addition of hexane until hazy while cooling in an ice bath, and decanting the supernatant liquid from the solid. This precipitate was re-dissolved in 20 ml of hot toluene, cooled to ambient temperature, and 60 ml hexane slowly added with stirring; the resulting solid was isolated by filtration under nitrogen and dried in vacuo. 13.4 g of a white crystalline solid (76% yield) was obtained. The .sup.14 C and .sup.1 H nmr spectra and elemental analysis confirmed the product to be the desired pure, anhydrous cesium 3-aminopropyl dimethylsilanolate.
EXAMPLE 36
Preparation of rubidium 3-aminopropyl dimethylsilanolate
In a similar procedure to that described for Example 35 above, rubidium 3-aminopropyl dimethylsilanolate was prepared from 5.7 g bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane and 11.3 g of 50% aqueous rubidium hydroxide in 50 ml toluene. In this case, the product precipitated immediately upon cooling of the toluene reaction; filtration and drying gave the desired rubidium silanolate.
EXAMPLE 37
Preparation of organopolysiloxane diamine using cesium silanolate as catalyst
A mixture of 9.94 g bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane and 470.59 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, which had been previously purged by bubbling dry argon gas through it for 20 min, was stirred and heated to 150.degree. C.; 0.319 g cesium 3-aminopropyl dimethyl silanolate of Example 35 (25 ppm) was added, and heating continued. In about 20 minutes, the viscosity had increased significantly, and after 3 hours, analysis of a sample by gas chromatography showed complete disappearance of the starting aminopropyl disiloxane and the expected equilibrium distribution of cyclic siloxanes. The solution was cooled to .about.60 to 80.degree. C., 0.03 g acetic acid added, the mixture stirred for 0.5 hour, and then heated to 150.degree. C. under high vacuum to remove residual cyclic siloxanes. After 4 to 6 hours, no more volatiles were collected. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered to separate the precipitated cesium acetate. The resulting clear, colorless oil amounted to an 411.12 g (87%) % yield. A sample dissolved in 50% tetrahydrofuran/isopropyl alcohol was titrated with 0.1N HCl to a bromphenol blue end point had a molecular weight of 10,400 (10,000 theoretical).
EXAMPLE 38
Preparation of organopolysiloxane diamine using cesium hydroxide.
A solution of 7.48 g of bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane and 352.9 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was purged with argon for 20 min and then heated to 150.degree. C.; 0.06 g (100 ppm) of 50% aqueous cesium hydroxide was added and heating continued for 6 hours until the aminopropyl disiloxane had been consumed. The reaction was cooled to 70.degree. C., neutralized with excess triethylamine and acetic acid, and heated under high vacuum to remove cyclic siloxanes over a period of at least 5 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature and filtering to remove cesium acetate, the isolated product (3 15 g) titrated to a molecular weight of 10,491 (theoretical 10,000 molecular weight).
EXAMPLE 39
Preparation of a organopolysiloxane diamine from a lower molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine
A 1000 ml 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and vacuum adapter was charged with 30 g of an organopolysiloxane diamine having a titrated molecular weight of 5,376 made according to the method of Example 37 and 300 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. The mixture was stirred and heated from 100.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. and 0.06 g of cesium silanolate catalyst of Example 35 was added. The viscosity of the reaction rose rapidly and, after 30 min, gas chromatography of a sample showed the equilibrium distribution of volatile cyclic siloxanes. The reaction was cooled to 70.degree. C., and 0.1 g or triethylamine and 0.06 g acetic acid were added. After stirring for 30 min, a .sup.29 Si nmr analysis of silanol content was performed on this intermediate. The intermediate was then heated to 150.degree. C. under high vacuum of 30 mm for 10 minutes to distill volatile cyclic siloxanes. The vacuum was released and the mixture was heated to 150.degree. C. After cooling to room temperature and filtering to remove cesium acetate, the organopolysiloxane diamine having a titrated molecular weight of 50,329 (50,000 theoretical) was isolated as a clear, colorless oil.
EXAMPLE 40
Preparation of a organopolysiloxane diamine from a lower molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine
A organopolysiloxane diamine having a theoretical molecular weight of 50,000 was prepared according to the method of Example 39 using 53.76 g of a 5000 molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine made according to the method of Example 37, 534.48 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 0.0125 g cesium silanolate catalyst. After cooling, 0.004 grams acetic acid were added and, after the volatile cyclic siloxanes were distilled and the cesium acetate filtered, a product having a titrated molecular weight of 49,844 was obtained.
EXAMPLE 41
Preparation of a organopolysiloxane diamine from a lower molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine
A organopolysiloxane diamine having a theoretical molecular weight of 75,000 was prepared according to the method of Example 39 using 28.67 g of a 5000 molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine made according to the method of Example 37, 441.92 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 0.02 g cesium silanolate catalyst. After cooling, 0.009 grams acetic acid were added and, after the volatile cyclic siloxanes were distilled and the cesium acetate filtered, a product having a molecular weight of 67,982 (as measured by .sup.29 Si nmr analysis) was obtained.
EXAMPLE 42
Preparation of organopolysiloxane diamine using cesium hydroxide.
A solution of 0.992 g of bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane and 352 g octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was purged with carbon dioxide for 15 min and then heated to 150.degree. C.; 0.06 g (100 ppm) of 50% aqueous cesium hydroxide was added and the mixture was heated to 150.degree. C. for 24 hours until the aminopropyl disiloxane had been consumed. The reaction was cooled to 70.degree. C., neutralized with 0.2 g excess triethylamine and 0.06 g acetic acid, and the very thick and bubbly mixture was heated slowly to 150.degree. C. under high vacuum to remove cyclic siloxanes over a period of at least 5 hours. After all of the mixed cyclic siloxanes were distilled and collected, the product was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered to remove cesium acetate. 318 g of the organopolysiloxane diamine product was obtained. The titrated molecular weight of the product was 75,634 (theoretical 75,000).
EXAMPLE 43
Preparation of a organopolysiloxane diamine from a lower molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine
A organopolysiloxane diamine having a theoretical molecular weight of 100,000 was prepared according to the method of Example 39, except that the reaction was run in a 94.7 liter (25 gal) stainless steel reactor, starting from 45 kg (6.2 lbs.) of a organopolysiloxane diamine having a molecular weight of 5000 made according to the method of Example 2, 1234.8 kg (170 lbs.) mixed dimethyl substituted cyclic siloxanes (available as "DMC Dimethyl Cyclics" from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.), and 16.0 g cesium hydroxide solution (for a targeted molecular weight of 100,000). After 1 hr at 150.degree. C., the reaction had reached complete equilibrium and had become very viscous. The crude product was cooled to 80.degree. C., terminated with 20.0 g triethylamine and 10.0 g acetic acid, and then re-heated to 150.degree. C. under high vacuum to distill volatile cyclic siloxanes. This removal of cyclics was facilitated by allowing nitrogen to bubble up from the reactor bottom during the distillation. After 7 hours, no more cyclics were collected, and the contents were cooled to ambient temperature to provide 871.7 kg (120 lbs., 68% yield) of the desired organopolysiloxane diamine having a titrated molecular weight of 100,800.
EXAMPLE 44
Preparation of a organopolysiloxane diamine from a lower molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine
A organopolysiloxane diamine having a theoretical molecular weight of 20,000 was prepared according to the method of Example 43. 987 g of a 5000 molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamine, 1256.7 kg (173 lbs.) mixed dimethyl substituted cyclic siloxanes (available as "DMC Dimethyl Cyclics" from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.) and 16 g cesium hydroxide were mixed under reaction conditions. After cooling, 20 g triethylamine and 16 grams acetic acid were added and a .sup.29 Si nmr analysis of silanol content was performed on this intermediate. Following this measurement, the volatile cyclic siloxanes were distilled and the cesium acetate filtered, a product having a titrated molecular weight of 20,000 was obtained.
TESTING FOR SILANOL IMPURITIES
Comparison of purity of organopolysiloxane diamines prepared using different catalysts and methods
The organopolysiloxane diamine products described in Examples 12, 37-44 were examined by .sup.29 Si nmr spectroscopy and recorded in Table VI. For comparative purposes, .sup.29 Si nmr analysis of organopolysiloxane diamines made by the prior art method from Example 16 have also been provided. This method was used to determine the average molecular weight, amine and silanol endgroup distribution ratios, and the relative weight percent silanol content for these examples. The organopolysiloxane diamine samples were dissolved in chloroform-d.sub.1, a relaxation agent (chromium acetonyl acetonate) added, and the spectra were acquired using a Varian Unity 300 NMR spectrometer operating at 59.59 MHz. Relative integrated area ratios of the amine endgroups (--NH.sub.2) silicon peak, silanol endgroups (--SiOH) silicon peak, and the poly(dimethylsiloxane) silicon peak were used to calculate the values.
TABLE VI______________________________________ % % NH.sub.2 --SiOH Wt. % S End- End-Ex. Catalyst M.sub.W iOH groups groups______________________________________16 NMe.sub.4 OH 12,043 0.019 93.8 6.2(Comp.)12 NMe.sub.4 OSi 11,300 0.010 97.4 2.637 CsOSi 10,400 0.005 98.5 1.538 CsOH 10,491 0.006 98.2 1.839.sup.1 CsOH 50,329 0.014 81.5 18.539.sup.2 CsOH 50,329 0.005 92.3 7.740 CsOSi 49,844 0 100 041 CsOSi 67,982 0 100 042 CsOH 75,634 0.002 95.8 4.243 CsOH 100,800 0 100 044.sup.1 CsOH 20,000 0.017 91.2 8.844.sup.2 CsOH 20,000 0.004 97.9 2.1______________________________________ .sup.1 denotes purity of organopolysiloxane diamine prior to treatment with cesium acetate salt .sup.2 denotes purity of organopolysiloxane diamine following treatment with cesium acetate salt "CsOSi" denotes cesium 3aminopropyldimethyl silanolate "NMe.sub.4 OSi" denotes tertamethylammonium 3aminopropyl silanolate
Table VI clearly illustrates that the methods of the present invention can be used to prepare novel organopolysiloxane diamines having a broad range of molecular weights and very low levels (0.010 wt. % and less) of silanol endgroups, particularly when compared to those materials made by previously known methods (Example 16). As repeatedly stressed throughout the present application, highly difunctional, high molecular weight organopolysiloxane diamines are essential in preparing a variety of elastomeric compositions and, prior to the present invention, none of the known methods for producing such compounds could yield a diamine of sufficient purity to result in the superior elastomeric materials described herein.
While this invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, it should be understood that it is capable of further modification. The claims herein are intended to cover those variations which one skilled in the art would recognize as the chemical equivalent of what has been described here.

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	Number	Date
Parent	65805	May 1993
Parent	57570	Jun 1987
Parent	876918	Jun 1986

Block copolymer, method of making the same, diamine precursors of the same, method of making such diamines and end products comprising the block copolymer

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