Patent Application
20220044316
The present disclosure relates generally to the field of blockchain storage, and more specifically to implementing blockchain to securely transfer multi-asset digital wallets adhering to regulatory and compliance frameworks.
A cryptocurrency wallet is a piece of software that keeps track of the secret keys used to digitally sign cryptocurrency transactions for distributed ledgers. These keys are the only way to prove ownership of digital assets and to execute transactions that transfer the digital assets, or change the digital assets in some way; they are a critical piece of the cryptocurrency ecosystem and correct ownership of the cryptocurrency wallet and its digital assets is becoming increasingly important.
Embodiments of the present disclosure include a method, system, and computer program product to facilitate a transfer of ownership of a multi-asset digital wallet with associated digital assets. A processor may analyze each instance of the digital assets. The processor may identify, respectively, one or more rules that are applicable to each of the digital assets. The determination of the one or more rules is identified by a compliance mechanism. The processor may validate the one or more rules against each of the digital assets in context of a first user and a second user. The processor may endorse the transfer of the multi-asset digital wallet with a compliance mechanism signature.
The above summary is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure.
The drawings included in the present disclosure are incorporated into, and form part of, the specification. They illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, along with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. The drawings are only illustrative of certain embodiments and do not limit the disclosure.
While the embodiments described herein are amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the particular embodiments described are not to be taken in a limiting sense. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of blockchain storage, and more specifically to implementing blockchain to securely transfer multi-asset digital wallets adhering to regulatory and compliance frameworks. As blockchain based business networks evolve, so does the landscape of digital assets; the wallets securely storing the digital assets not only act as a holder of the digital assets, but also assert ownership of the digital assets. In the case of crypto-assets that store value on chain (e.g., on a blockchain), the transfer of digital assets between wallets is currently a simple process. However, this landscape becomes complex with the use of multi-asset digital wallets, the storage of derivates, and/or digital assets that either have assets with continued, delayed, or futures activities, such as sell-buy contracts, dividends reinvestment, corporate actions, etc. While the transfer of individual digital assets present a solution to transfer not only the digital asset but the provenance and future earning with it, it can be cumbersome and does not address the transaction costs (e.g., computing costs, fiscal costs, etc.) and monitoring in event of a liquidation sale, business closure, or even freezing and forfeiture of an insured asset class/business ownership by regulators. For business owners, or financial managers/private equity fund managers (e.g., users), this can pose a particular problem for different jurisdictions/countries.
It will be readily understood that the instant components, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of at least one of a method, apparatus, non-transitory computer readable medium and system, as represented in the attached figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed but is merely representative of selected embodiments.
The instant features, structures, or characteristics as described throughout this specification may be combined or removed in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. For example, the usage of the phrases “example embodiments,” “some embodiments,” or other similar language, throughout this specification refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. Accordingly, appearances of the phrases “example embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” or other similar language, throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same group of embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined or removed in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Further, in the FIGS., any connection between elements can permit one-way and/or two-way communication even if the depicted connection is a one-way or two-way arrow. Also, any device depicted in the drawings can be a different device. For example, if a mobile device is shown sending information, a wired device could also be used to send the information.
In addition, while the term “message” may have been used in the description of embodiments, the application may be applied to many types of networks and data. Furthermore, while certain types of connections, messages, and signaling may be depicted in exemplary embodiments, the application is not limited to a certain type of connection, message, and signaling.
Detailed herein are a method, system, and computer program product that utilize blockchain/Hyperledger fabric to securely transfer multi-asset digital wallets (and the multiple assets housed therein).
In some embodiment, the method, system, and/or computer program product utilize a decentralized database (such as a blockchain) that is a distributed storage system, which includes multiple nodes that communicate with each other. The decentralized database may include an append-only immutable data structure resembling a distributed ledger capable of maintaining records between mutually untrusted parties. The untrusted parties are referred to herein as peers or peer nodes. Each peer maintains a copy of the database records and no single peer can modify the database records without a consensus being reached among the distributed peers. For example, the peers may execute a consensus protocol to validate blockchain storage transactions, group the storage transactions into blocks, and build a hash chain over the blocks. This process forms the ledger by ordering the storage transactions, as is necessary, for consistency.
In various embodiments, a permissioned and/or a permission-less blockchain can be used. In a public, or permission-less, blockchain, anyone can participate without a specific identity (e.g., retaining anonymity). Public blockchains can involve native cryptocurrency and use consensus based on various protocols such as Proof of Work. On the other hand, a permissioned blockchain database provides secure interactions among a group of entities which share a common goal but which do not fully trust one another, such as businesses that exchange funds, goods, (private) information, and the like.
Further, in some embodiment, the method, system, and/or computer program product can utilize a blockchain that operates arbitrary, programmable logic, tailored to a decentralized storage scheme and referred to as “smart contracts” or “chaincodes.” In some cases, specialized chaincodes may exist for management functions and parameters which are referred to as system chaincode (such as managing access to an off-chain datastore/database). In some embodiments, the method, system, and/or computer program product can further utilize smart contracts that are trusted distributed applications which leverage tamper-proof properties of the blockchain database and an underlying agreement between nodes, which is referred to as an endorsement or endorsement policy. Blockchain transactions associated with this application can be endorsed before being committed to the blockchain, while transactions, which are not endorsed, are disregarded.
An endorsement policy allows chaincode to specify endorsers for a transaction in the form of a set of peer nodes that are necessary for endorsement. When a client sends the transaction to the peers specified in the endorsement policy, the transaction is executed to validate the transaction. After validation, the transactions enter an ordering phase in which a consensus protocol is used to produce an ordered sequence of endorsed transactions grouped into blocks.
In some embodiment, the method, system, and/or computer program product can utilize nodes that are the communication entities of the blockchain system. A “node” may perform a logical function in the sense that multiple nodes of different types can run on the same physical server. Nodes are grouped in trust domains and are associated with logical entities that control them in various ways. Nodes may include different types, such as a client or submitting-client node which submits a transaction-invocation to an endorser (e.g., peer), and broadcasts transaction-proposals to an ordering service (e.g., ordering node).
Another type of node is a peer node which can receive client submitted transactions, commit the transactions, and maintain a state and a copy of the ledger of blockchain transactions. Peers can also have the role of an endorser, although it is not a requirement. An ordering-service-node or orderer is a node running the communication service for all nodes, and which implements a delivery guarantee, such as a broadcast to each of the peer nodes in the system when committing/confirming transactions (such as documenting the transfer of assets in a digital wallet and/or the transfer of a multi-asset digital wallet) and modifying a world state of the blockchain, which is another name for the initial blockchain transaction which normally includes control and setup information.
In some embodiment, the method, system, and/or computer program product can utilize a ledger that is a sequenced, tamper-resistant record of all state transitions of a blockchain. State transitions may result from chaincode invocations (e.g., transactions) submitted by participating parties (e.g., client nodes, ordering nodes, endorser nodes, peer nodes, etc.). Each participating party (such as a peer node) can maintain a copy of the ledger. A transaction may result in a set of asset key-value pairs being committed to the ledger as one or more operands, such as creates, updates, deletes, and the like. The ledger includes a blockchain (also referred to as a chain) which is used to store an immutable, sequenced record in blocks. The ledger also includes a state database which maintains a current state of the blockchain.
In some embodiment, the method, system, and/or computer program product described herein can utilize a chain that is a transaction log that is structured as hash-linked blocks, and each block contains a sequence of N transactions where N is equal to or greater than one. The block header includes a hash of the block's transactions, as well as a hash of the prior block's header. In this way, all transactions on the ledger may be sequenced and cryptographically linked together. Accordingly, it is not possible to tamper with the ledger data without breaking the hash links. A hash of a most recently added blockchain block represents every transaction on the chain that has come before it, making it possible to ensure that all peer nodes are in a consistent and trusted state. The chain may be stored on a peer node file system (e.g., local, attached storage, cloud, etc.), efficiently supporting the append-only nature of the blockchain workload.
The current state of the immutable ledger represents the latest values for all keys that are included in the chain transaction log. Since the current state represents the latest key values known to a channel, it is sometimes referred to as a world state. Chaincode invocations execute transactions against the current state data of the ledger. To make these chaincode interactions efficient, the latest values of the keys may be stored in a state database. The state database may be simply an indexed view into the chain's transaction log, it can therefore be regenerated from the chain at any time. The state database may automatically be recovered (or generated) upon peer node startup, and before transactions are accepted.
Some benefits of the instant solutions described and depicted herein include a method, system, and computer program product for implementing blockchain to securely transfer multi-asset digital wallets. The exemplary embodiments solve the issues of time and trust by extending features of a database such as immutability, digital signatures and being a single source of truth. The exemplary embodiments provide a solution for multi-asset digital wallet ownership transfer confirmations on blockchain. The blockchain networks may be homogenous based on the asset type (e.g., private information, cryptocurrency, etc.) and rules that govern the assets based on the smart contracts. In some embodiments, due to the multi-asset nature of the disclosure discussed herein, the blockchain networks may be based on asset type and a cross-blockchain communication protocol may be used for each blockchain network to communication with one another in synchronicity. In other embodiments, each chain in a blockchain network may be associated with an asset type and rules governing they asset type may be combined via the chains communicating via a cross-chain communication protocol.
It is noted that blockchain is different from a traditional database in that blockchain is not a central storage, but rather a decentralized, immutable, and secure storage, where nodes may share in changes to records in the storage. Some properties that are inherent in blockchain and which help implement the blockchain include, but are not limited to, an immutable ledger, smart contracts, security, privacy, decentralization, consensus, endorsement, accessibility, and the like, which are further described herein. According to various aspects, the system described herein is implemented due to immutable accountability, security, privacy, permitted decentralization, availability of smart contracts, endorsements and accessibility that are inherent and unique to blockchain.
In particular, the blockchain ledger data is immutable, which provides for an efficient method for transferring ownership of multi-asset digital wallets. Also, use of the encryption in the blockchain provides security and builds trust. The smart contract manages the state of the asset to complete the life-cycle. The example blockchains are permission decentralized. Thus, each end user may have its own ledger copy to access. Multiple organizations (and peers) may be on-boarded on the blockchain network. The key organizations may serve as endorsing peers to validate the smart contract execution results, read-set and write-set. In other words, the blockchain inherent features provide for efficient implementation of multi-asset digital wallet ownership transfer in a blockchain network.
One of the benefits of the example embodiments is that it improves the functionality of a computing system by implementing a method for facilitating the transfer of multiple digital assets in a digital wallet and/or the transfer of a multi-asset digital wallet in a blockchain network (e.g., by implementing transfer compliance validator/node in the blockchain network which can facilitate the collection and endorsement of multiple signatures needed for a multi-asset [wallet] transfer). Through the blockchain system described herein, a computing system (or a processor in the computing system) can perform functionality for multi-asset digital wallet transfer processing utilizing blockchain networks by providing access to capabilities such as distributed ledger, peers, encryption technologies, MSP, event handling, etc. Also, the blockchain enables to create a business network and make any users or organizations to on-board for participation (e.g., be incorporated with an immutable ledger, be a verified/trusted party, etc.). As such, the blockchain is not just a database; the blockchain comes with capabilities to create a network of users and on-board/off-board organizations to collaborate and execute service processes in the form of smart contracts (which may be associated with one or more assets).
The example embodiments provide numerous benefits over a traditional database. For example, through the blockchain, the embodiments provide for immutable accountability, security, privacy, permitted decentralization, availability of smart contracts, endorsements and accessibility that are inherent and unique to the blockchain.
Meanwhile, a traditional database could not be used to implement the example embodiments because it does not bring all parties on the network, it does not create trusted collaboration and does not provide for an efficient storage of digital assets. The traditional database does not provide for a tamper proof storage and does not provide for preservation of the digital assets being stored. Thus, the proposed embodiments described herein utilizing blockchain networks cannot be implemented by the traditional database.
Meanwhile, if a traditional database were to be used to implement the example embodiments, the example embodiments would have suffered from unnecessary drawbacks such as search capability, lack of security and slow speed of transactions. Accordingly, the example embodiments provide for a specific solution to a problem in the arts/field of multi-asset digital wallet ownership transferring.
The example embodiments also change how data may be transferred within a blockchain network or between blockchain networks. For example, the disclosure presented herein ensures that a multi-asset wallet is an account holder on blockchain network and that the multi-asset wallet is tied to one or more digital identity contracts such as a digital issued identifier (ID) or a decentralized ID (DID); and the ID and/or DID is a regulated object which is know your customer (KYC) and verified. While the multi-asset wallet is mapped to a digital ID, the assets that are held are mapped to the multi-asset digital wallet. Additionally, each asset has a descriptor of the multi-asset wallet and the digital ID of the owner, thus ensuring asset integrity of each individual asset, as well as when the assets are associated with the wallet. When a multi-asset digital wallet transfer is initiated, the multi-asset digital wallet is viewed as a holder object and the transfer is verified as a holder object transfer; the transfer is then validated on the blockchain. The digital assets themselves are then updated in regard to the digital wallet movement (e.g., transfer of ownership) with the digital ID of the new owner. The transfer of digital assets in the digital wallet is only initiated when the multi-asset digital wallet is transferred after confirmation of multi-signature event ensuring the agreement of both entities and a regulator and/or network operator.
In some embodiments, in the event of regulatory and legal proceedings when digital wallets need to be frozen or forfeited, the same technique can be employed by either engaging in a multi-asset digital wallet transfer or declining to participate in a multi-signature event to prevent any transfer in the blockchain network.
It is noted that the method, system, and computer program product described herein to facilitate transfer of ownership multi-asset digital wallet with associated digital assets and futures contracts aims to solve the issue of transfer of ownership of the entire multi-asset digital wallet and the lineage of the all future earnings, and contractual liability and ownership associated with the wallet. Such a proposed transfer method will also aid in reduction of individual digital asset transfer costs that require extensive legal and registration expenses.
Turning now to
The blockchain base or platform 112 may include various layers of blockchain data, services (e.g., cryptographic trust services, virtual execution environment, etc.), and underpinning physical computer infrastructure that may be used to receive and store new transactions and provide access to auditors which are seeking to access data entries. The blockchain layer 116 may expose an interface that provides access to the virtual execution environment necessary to process the program code and engage the physical infrastructure 114. Cryptographic trust services 118 may be used to verify transactions such as asset exchange transactions and keep information private.
The blockchain architecture 100 of
A smart contract may be created via a high-level application and programming language, and then written to a block in the blockchain. The smart contract may include executable code which is registered, stored, and/or replicated with a blockchain (e.g., a distributed network of blockchain peers). A transaction is an execution of the smart contract code that can be performed in response to conditions associated with the smart contract being satisfied. The executing of the smart contract may trigger a trusted modification(s) to a state of a digital blockchain ledger. The modification(s) to the blockchain ledger caused by the smart contract execution may be automatically replicated throughout the distributed network of blockchain peers through one or more consensus protocols.
The smart contract may write data to the blockchain in the format of key-value pairs. Furthermore, the smart contract code can read the values stored in a blockchain and use them in application operations. The smart contract code can write the output of various logic operations into the blockchain. The code may be used to create a temporary data structure in a virtual machine or other computing platform. Data written to the blockchain can be public and/or can be encrypted and maintained as private. The temporary data that is used/generated by the smart contract is held in memory by the supplied execution environment, then deleted once the data needed for the blockchain is identified.
A chaincode may include the code interpretation of a smart contract, with additional features. As described herein, the chaincode may be program code deployed on a computing network, where it is executed and validated by chain validators together during a consensus process. The chaincode receives a hash and retrieves from the blockchain a hash associated with the data template created by use of a previously stored feature extractor. If the hashes of the hash identifier and the hash created from the stored identifier template data match, then the chaincode sends an authorization key to the requested service. The chaincode may write to the blockchain data associated with the cryptographic details (e.g., thus confirming a multi-asset wallet transfer, identifying a discrepancy with a perspective transfer, etc.).
Referring again to
In response, the endorsing peer node 181 may verify (a) that the transaction proposal 191 is well formed, (b) the transaction has not been submitted already in the past (replay-attack protection), (c) the signature is valid, and (d) that the submitter (client 160, in the example) is properly authorized to perform the proposed operation on that channel. The endorsing peer node 181 may take the transaction proposal 191 inputs as arguments to the invoked chaincode function. The chaincode is then executed against a current state database to produce transaction results including a response value, read set, and write set. However, no updates are made to the ledger at this point. In some embodiments, the set of values, along with the endorsing peer node's 181 signature is passed back as a proposal response 192 to the SDK of the client 160 which parses the payload for the application to consume.
In response, the application of the client 160 inspects/verifies the endorsing peers signatures and compares the proposal responses to determine if the proposal response is the same. If the chaincode only queried the ledger, the application would inspect the query response and would typically not submit the transaction to the ordering node service 184. If the client application intends to submit the transaction to the ordering node service 184 to update the ledger, the application determines if the specified endorsement policy has been fulfilled before submitting (e.g., has a request been accepted). Here, the client may include only one of multiple parties to the transaction. In this case, each client may have their own endorsing node, and each endorsing node will need to endorse the transaction. The architecture is such that even if an application selects not to inspect responses or otherwise forwards an unendorsed transaction, the endorsement policy will still be enforced by peers and upheld at the commit validation phase.
After successful inspection, in the transaction payload step 193, the client 160 assembles endorsements into a transaction and broadcasts the transaction proposal 191 and response within a transaction message to the ordering node 184. The transaction may contain the read/write sets, the endorsing peers signatures and a channel ID. The ordering node 184 does not need to inspect the entire content of a transaction in order to perform its operation, instead the ordering node 184 may simply receive transactions from all channels in the network, order them chronologically by channel, and create blocks of transactions per channel.
The blocks of the transaction are delivered from the ordering node 184 to all peer nodes 181-183 on the channel. The transactions 194 within the block are validated to ensure any endorsement policy is fulfilled and to ensure that there have been no changes to ledger state for read set variables since the read set was generated by the transaction execution. Transactions in the block are tagged as being valid or invalid. Furthermore, in steps 195 each peer node 181-183 appends the block to the channel's chain, and for each valid transaction the write sets are committed to current state database. An event is emitted, to notify the client application that the transaction (invocation) has been immutably appended to the chain, as well as to notify whether the transaction was validated or invalidated (e.g., whether the request is allowed, or denied, transfer of a multi-asset digital wallet).
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the first user 202 has ownership of the multi-asset wallet 204 and the assets 206. The assets 206 may include any form of digital assets, for instance, cryptocurrencies, shares, call/put options, dividends, etc. In some embodiments, a transaction, e.g., a transfer of ownership of the multi-asset wallet 204 may be initiated between the first user 202 and the second user 204. The initiation of the transaction will cause the transfer compliance validator 212, which is a specialized node/peer in the blockchain network 200/Hyperledger fabric, to access the transfer rules repository 214. The transfer rules repository 214 includes one or more rules/regulations that provide information on how each asset of the assets 206 can be transferred from the first user 202 to the second user 208. For example, a first asset can only be transferred if all value-added taxes are paid by the first user, a second asset can only be transferred if the second user assumes responsibility for all indemnities of the second asset, etc. In some embodiments, the transfer rules repository 214 is regulated by the authority 216 (e.g., governing body, corporation, etc.) that provides the one or more rules to the transfer rules repository 214.
Upon, or simultaneously to, accessing the transfer rules repository 214, the transfer compliance validator 212 analyzes each asset of the assets 206 in the multi-asset wallet 204. If an asset of the assets 206 does not comply with a rule found in the transfer rules repository 214, the transfer compliance validator 212 cancels the transaction and the transfer of the multi-asset wallet 204 is halted. If each asset of the assets 206 does comply with the associated rules in the transfer rules repository 214, the transfer compliance validator 212 validates the transfer of ownership of the multi-asset wallet 204 from the first user 202 to the second user 208.
In such a case, the first user 202, second user 208, and the transfer compliance validator 212 each sign the multi-signature transfer record 210 that is then provided to other peers on the blockchain network 210 and that confirms the transfer of ownership of the multi-asset wallet 204. The signature of the transfer compliance validator 212 indicates and endorsement of compliance of each asset with the rules/regulations found in the transfer rules repository 214 as provided by the authority 216 (or authorities).
It is noted that the embodiments disclosed herein have multiple applications that improve the function of blockchain networks and prevent the slowing of asset transfers. The mechanism (e.g., operations, method, functions, etc.) provided by the blockchain network 202 only requires that the multi-asset wallet 204 contains the assets 206 and that assets of the assets 206 that are subject to a transfer validation are known to be within the multi-asset wallet 204, as well as the transfer compliance validator 212 identifies/knows each type of asset of the assets 206 (e.g., through metadata). In some embodiments, if the assets 206 are private, the transfer compliance validator 212 needs to receive access to sufficient information held in the multi-asset wallet 204 (but not to all content in the multi-asset wallet 204) to perform validation.
Further improving function of blockchain networks and preventing the slowing of asset transfers, when ownership of the multi-asset wallet 204 changes from the first user 202 to the second user 208, the mechanism enforces compliance with the authority 216 and other requirements, found in the transfer rules repository 214, of the transfer.
Each asset of the assets 206 held in the multi-asset wallet 204 has associated metadata that contains information about the type of the asset. During an ownership change/transfer, the metadata is used by transfer compliance validator 212 to apply rules in order to validate that the transfer complies with the relevant rule/regulation for each of the held assets 206. In some embodiments, the asset type information may be private to the multi-asset wallet 204 and thus it is separately encrypted such that the transfer compliance validator 212 can temporarily access the metadata to perform the validation. The transfer compliance validator 212 uses the transfer rules repository 214 containing a set of transfer rules. Each rule expresses a specific requirement (e.g., the second user 208 must be a SEC regulated entity, the assets 206 are not frozen, etc.) applicable to a specific type of asset of the assets 206.
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the transferred wallet 228 is uniquely identified with a wallet ID 230 (e.g., a DID). The transferred wallet 228 can hold any number of any types of assets or other representations (e.g., addresses, keys, etc.), herein depicted as the asset IDs 234. Further, the transferred wallet 228 is owned by some entity that is associated with the user ID 232, however, the ownership implementation is platform dependent (e.g., private key, associated metadata, etc.).
When ownership of the transferred wallet 228 changes, the user ID 232 changes to be associated with the new owner (e.g., the second user 208); the action has no impact on the content of the transferred wallet 228. From this follows that all assets held within the transferred wallet 228 will automatically change ownership, e.g., the asset IDs 234 are updated be associated with the new owner.
In some embodiments, the transferred wallet 228 may also contain information about operations with the assets in progress, e.g., the future contract 222. This allows to represent locks on assets allocated for future actions (e.g., transfer/sale as a result of option delivery), etc. That is, all assets and the transferred wallet 228 itself are correctly recorded as being owned by the new owner, however, the future contract 222 is not affected by the future contract 222 can still execute whatever operation is to be performed by assets identified by their asset IDs in the further contract 222. In order to prevent any malfeasance that could be performed during via the transfer of a multi-asset wallet, the authority 224 can determine if any assets with the transferred wallet 228 should not be transferred to a new owner due to restrictions by the future contract 222 or the authority 224 could alert the new owner to the existence of the future contract.
It is noted that the embodiments disclosed herein have multiple applications that improve the function of blockchain networks and prevent the slowing of asset transfers. For instance, in the case of a call option contract, the owner may specify that upon expiration of the contract the delivery (if any) of the proceeds or shares, will be to the same wallet (e.g., the wallet ID 230 held by the transferred wallet 228). Similarly, in the case of a put option, the owner may specify the specific shares associated with asset IDs 234 held within the transferred wallet 228 are to be sold and that the delivery of the proceeds of sale will be to the transferred wallet 228 via the wallet ID 230. In both examples, during the lifetime of the contracts the owner may change without impacting or interrupting any of the trade properties and operations (e.g., because the user ID 232 is updated with whoever the current owner is and the asset IDs 234 are still mappable from the contracts.
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the method 300 begins at operation 302 where the processor analyzes each instance of digital assets in the multi-asset wallet. The method 300 proceeds to operation 304 where the processor identifies, respectively, one or more rules that are applicable to each of the digital assets. The determination of the one or more rules is identified by a compliance mechanism (e.g., the transfer compliance validator 212 of
The method 300 proceeds to operation 306 where the processor validates the one or more rules against each of the digital assets in context of a first user and a second user (e.g., can the first user transfer a specific asset, is the second user SEC regulated, etc.). The method 300 proceeds to operation 308 where the processor endorses the transfer of the multi-asset digital wallet with a compliance mechanism signature (e.g., the multi-signature transfer record 210 of
In some embodiments, discussed below, there are one or more operations of the method 300 not depicted for the sake of brevity. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the endorsing of the transfer of operation 308 may further include the processor identifying that all of the one or more rules are successfully validate
In some embodiments, the processor may (further) determine an asset type for each of the digital assets and apply the one or more rules that are applicable to each of the digital assets based on the determined asset type for each of the digital assets. For example, the processor may determine that an asset may be of the cryptocurrency type and the processor may apply a capital gains tag associated with the transfer (e.g., for ease of tax computing, etc.).
In some embodiments, determining the asset type for each of the digital assets may comprise the processor accessing a repository of asset type designations incorporated in the compliance mechanism. The asset type designations may each include an asset type indicator. The processor may identify which asset type indicator respectively matches each of the digital assets. For example, one asset may be a share and a second asset may be associated with ownership of a vehicle. The processor may analyze both assets and identify from metadata that the share has a header of xxxx and the associated vehicle ownership has a header of yyyy. The processor may access a repository of asset types and determine that there is a match the xxxx and yyyy headers and label the first asset as a share and the second asset as a vehicle ownership asset.
In some embodiments, the processor may generate a mapping identifier. The mapping identifier may be generated during the transfer of the multi-asset digital wallet. The mapping identifier may associate each of the digital assets to the second user from the first user. For example, in order to avoid issues with future contracts that involve assets transferred to a second user, a mapping identifier may be used to link the second user to the involved assets but not change the identity of the involved assets. For further understanding, traditionally when a digital asset is transferred a new identifier is generated that cryptographically ties the asset to the new user, e.g., asset ID to first user: 12345→asset ID after transfer to second user: 67890. Whereas presented herein the asset ID majoritively remains with a metadata mapping identifier, e.g., asset ID to first user 12345→asset ID after transfer to second user: 12345(*), where (*) indicates the second user.
In some embodiments, the processor utilizes a compliance mechanism and the compliance mechanism is associated with one or more governing entities. In some embodiments, the transfer of the multi-asset digital wallet may be a multi-signature event that includes the processor receiving a signature of the first user, a signature of the second user, and a compliance mechanism signature indicating compliance with one or more governing entity regulations.
It is noted that, in some embodiments, the off-chain datastore may house the private information and the private information may include health data associated with one or more users. Further noted is, in some embodiments, the information regarding the off-chain datastore includes an identity of a host of the datastore, an account username and/or password (associated with the identity of the host), and/or a location of a specific database in the datastore (which houses/locates the private information).
It is to be understood that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed.
Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models.
Characteristics are as follows:
On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service's provider.
Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of portion independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact portion of the provided resources but may be able to specify portion at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).
Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
Service Models are as follows:
Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
Deployment Models are as follows:
Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.
Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.
Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.
Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).
A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure that includes a network of interconnected nodes.
This allows cloud computing environment 410 to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices 400A-N shown in
Hardware and software layer 415 includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 402; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers 404; servers 406; blade servers 408; storage devices 411; and networks and networking components 412. In some embodiments, software components include network application server software 414 and database software 416.
Virtualization layer 420 provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers 422; virtual storage 424; virtual networks 426, including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems 428; and virtual clients 430.
In one example, management layer 440 may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning 442 provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 444 provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may include application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal 446 provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management 448 provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment 450 provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA.
Workloads layer 460 provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation 462; software development and lifecycle management 464; virtual classroom education delivery 466; data analytics processing 468; transaction processing 470; and multi-asset wallet transferring 472.
The computer system 501 may contain one or more general-purpose programmable central processing units (CPUs) 502A, 502B, 502C, and 502D, herein generically referred to as the CPU 502. In some embodiments, the computer system 501 may contain multiple processors typical of a relatively large system; however, in other embodiments the computer system 501 may alternatively be a single CPU system. Each CPU 502 may execute instructions stored in the memory subsystem 504 and may include one or more levels of on-board cache.
System memory 504 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 522 or cache memory 524. Computer system 501 may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 526 can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media, such as a “hard drive.” Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), or an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disc such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In addition, memory 504 can include flash memory, e.g., a flash memory stick drive or a flash drive. Memory devices can be connected to memory bus 503 by one or more data media interfaces. The memory 504 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of various embodiments.
One or more programs/utilities 528, each having at least one set of program modules 530 may be stored in memory 504. The programs/utilities 528 may include a hypervisor (also referred to as a virtual machine monitor), one or more operating systems, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating systems, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. Programs 528 and/or program modules 530 generally perform the functions or methodologies of various embodiments.
Although the memory bus 503 is shown in
In some embodiments, the computer system 501 may be a multi-user mainframe computer system, a single-user system, or a server computer or similar device that has little or no direct user interface, but receives requests from other computer systems (clients). Further, in some embodiments, the computer system 501 may be implemented as a desktop computer, portable computer, laptop or notebook computer, tablet computer, pocket computer, telephone, smartphone, network switches or routers, or any other appropriate type of electronic device.
It is noted that
As discussed in more detail herein, it is contemplated that some or all of the operations of some of the embodiments of methods described herein may be performed in alternative orders or may not be performed at all; furthermore, multiple operations may occur at the same time or as an internal part of a larger process.
The present disclosure may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product at any possible technical detail level of integration. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present disclosure.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present disclosure may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present disclosure.
Aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be accomplished as one step, executed concurrently, substantially concurrently, in a partially or wholly temporally overlapping manner, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Although the present disclosure has been described in terms of specific embodiments, it is anticipated that alterations and modification thereof will become apparent to the skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the following claims be interpreted as covering all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the disclosure.
