The technical field of the present invention relates, generally, to barricade and barrier devices; and, more particularly, to barricade and barrier devices in the nature of bollard coverings, the bollard coverings of the present invention being uniquely constructed and configured, and to methods of manufacture and use of said bollard coverings.
A bollard is a rigid, vertical post. Originally used on piers, wharves, or quays for mooring ships and other watercraft, bollards have taken on an expansive role in modern society. Today, bollards are most often used as barricade and barrier devices for outdoor perimeter defense and traffic control.
When used for outdoor perimeter defense of buildings or other structures, bollards are most often arranged in linear or curvilinear, multi-unit formations, which are sized and spaced-apart sufficiently to allow certain kinds of vehicles and/or traffic (e.g., small maintenance or other special purpose vehicles, carts, bicycles, and/or pedestrians) to pass, while denying or limiting others (e.g., cars, trucks, and/or larger equipment). Similarly, bollards may be used as barrier devices to guard landscape, statues, statuaries, and the like.
Bollards may also be used as interior barrier devices to prevent vehicles and/or other movable objects (e.g., forklifts, luggage, grocery carts, and the like) from coming into contact with doorways, garages, portals, refrigerators/freezers, warehouse shelving and pallets, cargo docks, and other objects or framed openings.
Bollards often are used as traffic control barrier devices. They may be arranged to designate traffic lanes, to define pedestrian pathways, to define parking areas, and the like. They may also provide, by virtue of their height and stature, a visible means for warning operators of cars and trucks against inadvertent contact with proximate obstacles and/or hazardous objects.
In addition to fixed bollards, some designs are created for ease of replacement or reconfiguration of the bollard in its location of use. There exist rising and/or retractable bollards for enforcing traffic rules that are time-related, or for restricting access to particular classes of traffic. There are removable bollards which allow access to otherwise restricted areas by service and emergency vehicles. There are robotic bollards capable of moving themselves into a position of use, and self-righting bollards that can return to upright position after contact with a vehicle.
Sometimes, it is desirable to produce a bollard in a post-like, columnar configuration, often uniformly sized and/or shaped. With such configuration, it may also be desirable to provide a crash-rated bollard over-covering, also known as a bollard covering, bollard skin, or bollard sleeve, that may comprise any of a variety of selected design, aesthetic, or functional features. In such event, the bollard covering is enabled to slide over the columnar bollard and attach thereto. Such bollard coverings allow for convenient repair and replacement, whether because of damage or for aesthetic reasons, without disturbing the underlying bollard.
As may be imagined from the above descriptions, bollards and bollard coverings are commonly available in diverse heights, sizes, shapes, materials, designs, and configurations, the particular selection of which may be influenced by those desirable characteristics matching the intended application and/or use. In some configurations, bollards and bollard coverings may comprise surfaces having sections falling in relief below an outer, sometimes contoured, surface, often taking the form of slots, ridges, grooves, or the like. Such features typically are located near the top of the bollard or bollard covering; for example, in the top third of the above-ground height measurement.
Additionally, in support of the various uses and applications to which a bollard may be put, modern bollards and/or bollard coverings may be provided with any of a variety of options and conveniences. As can be seen in the following examples, the variety of uses and applications for bollard products is seemingly endless. For example, modern bollards and/or bollard coverings may be fitted with incandescent lights or light emitting diodes (“LEDs”) for purposes of lighting pathways or drawing attention to the location of the bollard during low light conditions, such as at night or in adverse weather. They may be fitted with coverings to prevent denting and scratching of either the bollard or a contacting object. They may be provided with decorative caps, such as pyramidal, round, flat, or other shapes; or with functional caps, such as T-tops for affixing tape for delineation of motorways, pedestrian walkways, or the like. Bollards and/or bollard coverings may be fitted with audio speakers and supporting components in order to enhance outdoor ambiance. They may be fitted with cameras and supporting components in order to support security objectives. They may have integral light reflectors, may be finished with light reflective coatings, or may carry light reflective tape or bands, all for enhanced visibility during low light conditions. Bollards may be fitted with switch or button apparatus for pedestrian crosswalk right-of-way requests. In many bollard and/or bollard covering configurations, such optional components, features, and conveniences may be located within, or associated with, the surface relief features discussed above. For example, lights, reflective elements, or speaker components may be associated with one or more grooves or slots disposed near an upper surface of the bollard and/or bollard covering.
Bollards and bollard coverings are manufactured from materials most often including metals, such as iron, steel, aluminum, and non-ferrous metal alloys; concrete; fiberglass; and plastic. Selection of the material from which to fabricate a particular bollard product is, of course, dependent upon the intended use and application to which the bollard product will be put, along with the ease of configuring the bollard and/or bollard covering to accommodate and/or accept any required optional components or features.
Most often, metallic bollards and bollard coverings are manufactured from prefabricated pipe or metal castings. During manufacture of a bollard or bollard covering from a pipe or casting, the bollard product must often be put through secondary forming processes, such as one or more cutting, welding, and/or machining processes. Such processes might be required, for example, in order to provide mounting surfaces amenable for affixing the bollard to an in-ground or above ground mounting feature, and to provide surface relief and configuration features, such as those discussed above, in order to accommodate optional components or features.
Disadvantageously, such secondary forming processes most often must be customized to accommodate the particular requirements of each various bollard design, size, or configuration progressing through a manufacturing line or process. Set-up costs and manufacturing inefficiencies occasioned by frequent bollard and/or bollard covering design or configuration changes may significantly increase manufacturing costs. Alternatively, for the sake of manufacturing cost efficiencies, bollard and/or bollard covering design or configuration may be limited by a manufacturer to only certain highly saleable products. Yet additionally, when large runs of a particular bollard product are undertaken by a manufacturer for the sake of production economies of scale, warehousing, inventory, and storage costs, along with associated cost of goods on-hand and taxes, may be significantly increased by having to keeping a large number of products and/or product skews in inventory to serve the marketplace.
Accordingly, in order to overcome at least some of the above-noted deficiencies in the prior art, and to meet at least some of the attendant needs recognized, it would be beneficial to provide bollard coverings fabricated according to a unique modular design and construction. Availability of a unique modular design and construction for such bollard covering products would provide for greater manufacturing efficiencies, and would allow an enhanced diversity and greater number of bollard covering products to be available in the marketplace. Use of such unique modular design and construction for bollard covering products would allow for greater numbers of customer-required configurations and more options, greater design flexibility, and lower costs, all of which would be beneficial in providing those features, functions, and uses demanded in the modern marketplace, and at a more efficient price. It is, thus, to the provision of such unique modular design and construction for bollard covering products, and associated methods of use thereof, that the present invention is directed.
Briefly described, in the exemplary embodiments, the subject matter of the present invention is directed to a bollard covering comprising a body, a body connector, a first center, a second center, and a top. Joined to the body at a lower end is a bottom. The body connector and bottom further comprise post guide surfaces to guide and to concentrically locate the bollard covering upon a post, and to provide structural stability of the bollard covering in association with the post. In order to secure the bollard covering to the post, and to restrict loosening and/or removal of the bollard covering from its post, one or more hole is provided within the bottom. The hole may be threaded to accommodate a set screw, or may be otherwise configured to accept a pin, screw, bolt, or the like.
The method of the present invention contemplates that such elements may be joined by simple and relatively inexpensive secondary operations, such as welding, bonding, mechanical fastening (including, without limitation, screws, screw and/or threaded elements, frictional, compression, and/or press-fit elements, adhesives and/or adhesive elements, weldments, bolts and nuts, pins, threaded collars and/or cooperating threaded recesses, interlocking tab and slot arrangements, interlocking mechanical element and slot arrangements, and the like), and other known forms of joining together cooperating mechanical elements, from a manufacturer's standard inventory elements, in order to create a standard inventory or a customized bollard covering product that may be economically configured on an individual bollard covering basis, or on small or large scale runs, with as much variation in optional components, features, and conveniences as may be required by the marketplace, and without excessive setup or secondary machining/processing costs associated with bollard covering manufacturing processes for an individual bollard covering product, or with runs of a particular bollard covering product.
These and other aspects of the inventive subject matter will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art after reading the following Detailed Description and Claims in light of the accompanying drawing Figures.
The following specification is best read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing Figures, in which like reference numbers throughout the various drawing Figures designate like structure, and in which:
It is to be noted that the drawing Figures presented are intended solely for the purpose of illustration and that they are, therefore, neither desired nor intended to limit the subject matter of the claimed to any or all of the exact details of construction shown, except insofar as they may be deemed essential to that which is claimed.
Exemplary embodiments of bollard coverings designed, configured, and fabricated in accordance with the present inventive subject matter are shown in the drawing Figures and are described in greater detail herein. It will be recognized that, in describing preferred and alternate embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure, as illustrated in the Figures, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. The disclosed and claimed subject matter, however, is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.
Turning to the drawings,
With continued reference to
In greater detail, and as best seen with specific reference to
Body 20 comprises upper end 22 and lower end 24. Affixed at upper end 22 is body connector 30. Body connector 30 is preferably of hollow, modified cylindrical cross-section. For manufacturing efficiency, it will be appreciated that body connector 30 is preferably fabricated from a preformed, tubular stock material, such as pipe or pipe section, or from a preformed, modified tubular stock material, such as a casting, or casting section. Alternative constructs are, however, contemplated within the present disclosure, such as may be formed from multiple sections or segments of material joined together in such form and fashion so as to be equivalent to the construction of body connector 30 as set forth herein.
According to the present invention, body connector 30 is prefabricated to a desired contour, thickness, outside diameter, wall thickness or inside diameter, and/or any other related specifications as may be suitable to the design, use, and/or application. If necessary, however, body connector 30 may be modified from an as-designed or predetermined dimension to a preferred or stock dimension by any of a variety of processes, including sawing, cutting, milling, lathing, grinding, or the like, all such processes being well-known in the art.
Body connector 30 comprises lip or flange surface 32. When assembled to body 20, flange surface 32 bears against and is joined to upper end 22 of body 20. Formed within body connector 30 is recess 34. Recess 34 is suitably dimensioned so as to receive a cooperating and mating lower end 42 of first center 40. Also formed within body connector 30 is post guide surface 36, the purpose and use of which will be described in greater detail more fully below.
First center 40 is preferably of hollow, modified cylindrical cross-section. For manufacturing efficiency, it will be appreciated that first center 40 is preferably fabricated from a preformed, tubular stock material, such as pipe or pipe section, or from a preformed, modified tubular stock material, such as a casting, or casting section. Alternative constructs are, however, contemplated within the present disclosure, such as may be formed from multiple sections or segments of material joined together in such form and fashion so as to be equivalent to the construction of first center 40 as set forth herein.
According to the present invention, first center 40 is prefabricated to a desired contour, thickness, outside diameter, wall thickness or inside diameter, and/or any other related specifications as may be suitable to the design, use, and/or application. As set forth above, first center 40 comprises lower end 42. When assembled to body connector 30, lower end 42 bears against and is joined to recess 34.
As was described above, bollard coverings may, in some embodiments, comprise surfaces having sections falling in relief below an outer, sometimes contoured, surface, often taking the form of slots, ridges, grooves, or the like. In the embodiment shown in
Formed within first center 40 is recess 48. Recess 48 is suitably dimensioned so as to receive a cooperating and mating lower end 52 of second center 50.
Second center 50 is preferably formed of a structure similar to that which was described hereinabove with respect to first center 40. That is, second center 50 is preferably of hollow, modified cylindrical cross-section. For manufacturing efficiency, it will be appreciated that second center 50 is preferably fabricated from a preformed, tubular stock material, such as pipe or pipe section, or from a preformed, modified tubular stock material, such as a casting, or casting section. Alternative constructs are, however, contemplated within the present disclosure, such as may be formed from multiple sections or segments of material joined together in such form and fashion so as to be equivalent to the construction of second center 50 as set forth herein.
Second center 50 is prefabricated to a desired contour, thickness, outside diameter, wall thickness or inside diameter, and/or any other related specifications as may be suitable to the design, use, and/or application. As set forth above, second center 50 comprises lower end 52. When assembled to first center 40, lower end 52 bears against and is joined to recess 48.
For the reasons described above with regard to first center 40, second center 50 may comprise relief surface 54, also known as a reveal, and contour surface 56, also known as an accent or accent band. As with the other bollard covering portions described above, if necessary, relief surface 54 and/or contour surface 56 of second center 50 may be modified from an as-designed or predetermined dimension to a preferred or stock dimension by any of a variety of processes, including sawing, cutting, milling, lathing, grinding, or the like, all such processes being well-known in the art.
Formed within second center 50 is recess 58. Recess 58 is suitably dimensioned so as to receive a cooperating and mating lower end 62 of top 60.
Before moving on to describe top 60 in greater detail, it is here noted, and as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, that centers 40, 50 of any of the above-described embodiments may be configured and used as described in association with a bollard covering of the present invention; however, variants are possible. For example, in some embodiments, a bollard covering of the present invention may omit one or both of centers 40, 50. In some embodiments, a bollard covering of the present invention may comprise two or more of either or both of centers 40, 50. Centers 40, 50 may take other, further, or differing designs, shapes, sizes, constructs, and the like, from one another and from the specific embodiments described.
Now describing top 60, except for such differences as will be described in greater detail herein, top 60 is preferably formed of a structure similar to that which was described hereinabove with respect to centers 40, 50. That is, top 60 is preferably of hollow, modified cylindrical cross-section. For manufacturing efficiency, it will be appreciated that top 60 is preferably fabricated from a preformed, tubular stock material, such as pipe or pipe section, or from a preformed, modified tubular stock material, such as a casting, or casting section. Alternative constructs are, however, contemplated within the present disclosure, such as may be formed from multiple sections or segments of material joined together in such form and fashion so as to be similar to the construction of top 60 as set forth herein.
Top 60 is prefabricated to a desired contour, thickness, outside diameter, wall thickness or inside diameter, and/or any other related specifications as may be suitable to the design, use, and/or application. As set forth above, top 60 comprises lower end 62. When assembled to second center 50, lower end 62 bears against and is joined to recess 58.
For the reasons described above with regard to centers 40, 50, top 60 may comprise relief surface 64 and contour surface 66. As with the other bollard covering portions described above, if necessary, relief surface 64 and/or contour surface 66 of top 60 may be modified from an as-designed or predetermined dimension to a preferred or stock dimension by any of a variety of processes, including sawing, cutting, milling, lathing, grinding, or the like, all such processes being well-known in the art.
Rather than having a recess formed within an upper end of top 60, as was the case with centers 40, 50, top 60 comprises, in this exemplary embodiment, flat surface 68. Flat surface 68 comprises the uppermost surface of bollard covering 100.
As has been described above, in support of the various uses and applications to which a bollard covering may be put, modern bollard coverings may be provided with any of a variety of options and conveniences, such as incandescent lights or light emitting diodes (“LEDs”) for purposes of lighting pathways or drawing attention to the location of the bollard covering during low light conditions, such as at night or in adverse weather; audio speakers and supporting components in order to enhance outdoor ambiance; cameras and supporting components in order to support security objectives; integral light reflectors; light reflective coatings; light reflective tape or bands; switch or button apparatus for pedestrian crosswalk right-of-way requests; and the like. In some bollard covering embodiments, such optional components, features, and conveniences may be located within, or associated with, for example, one or more of centers 40, 50, top 60, relief surfaces 44, 54, 64, and/or contour surfaces 46, 56, 66.
That is, the hollow interiors of centers 40, 50 and/or top 60 may house or otherwise accommodate any such optional components, features, and conveniences that should be shielded from view or the environment, while relief surfaces 44, 54, 64 and/or contour surfaces 46, 56 may carry, display, house, or otherwise accommodate any components, features, and conveniences that require viewing from or interaction with the outside environment.
Now, with continued reference to the Figures, affixed at lower end 24 of bollard covering 100 is bottom 70. Bottom 70 is preferably of hollow, modified cylindrical cross-section. For manufacturing efficiency, it will be appreciated that bottom 70 is preferably fabricated from a preformed, tubular stock material, such as pipe or pipe section, or from a preformed, modified tubular stock material, such as a casting, or casting section. Alternative constructs are, however, contemplated within the present disclosure, such as may be formed from multiple sections or segments of material joined together in such form and fashion so as to be equivalent to the construction of bottom 70 as set forth herein.
According to the present invention, bottom 70 is prefabricated to a desired contour, thickness, outside diameter, wall thickness or inside diameter, and/or any other related specifications as may be suitable to the design, use, and/or application. If necessary, however, bottom 70 may be modified from an as-designed or predetermined dimension to a preferred or stock dimension by any of a variety of processes, including sawing, cutting, milling, lathing, grinding, or the like, all such processes being well-known in the art.
Bottom 70 comprises lip or flange surface 72. When assembled to body 20, flange surface 72 bears against and is joined to lower end 24 of body 20. Formed within bottom 70 is post guide surface 76, the purpose and use of which will be described in greater detail more fully below.
With continuing reference to
In order to guide and to concentrically locate bollard covering 100 upon post P, and to provide structural stability of bollard covering 100 in association with post P, post guide surfaces 36, 76 are provided. Bollard covering 100 receives post P through post guide surfaces 36, 76, and bottom 70 typically rests on a ground surface, a preformed pad, or a subsurface support structure.
In order to secure bollard covering 100 to post P, and to restrict loosening and/or removal of bollard covering 100 from post P, provided in bottom 70 is one or more hole 80. Holes 80 may be formed by drilling or casting, or by any other process known in the art. Hole 80 may, in some cases, be threaded, or may carry a threaded insert, to accommodate a cooperating set screw or the like. Thus, through use of hole 80, or a plurality thereof, in association with one or more cooperating pins, screws, bolts, or the like, bollard covering 100 may be secured to post P.
Turning now to alternative embodiments of a bollard covering of the present invention,
In
In
Thus, it will be apparent that bollard coverings of the present invention may be provided with tops comprising pyramidal, round, domed, spherical, flat, or other geometric or decorative shapes; or with functional tops, such as T-tops for affixing tape for delineation of motorways, pedestrian walkways, or the like. All such alternative configurations are contemplated as being adaptable to the bollard coverings of the present invention.
Turning now to another alternative embodiment of a bollard covering of the present invention,
In
As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the primary difference between bollard covering 400 of
Now that the basic design, structure, and relationship of the various elements of bollard coverings 100, 200, 300, 400 have been described above in detail, various methods of joining and fabricating said various elements into a bollard covering product of the present invention will be described. All such variants are hereby specifically contemplated as part of the inventive subject matter herein.
As was described, body 20, 420, body connector 30, 430, first center 40, 440, second center 50, 450, alternative tops 60, 260, 360, 460, and bottom 70, 470 are preferably prefabricated elements comprising metal, plastic, concrete, fiberglass, or composites, as dictated by design, use, and/or application. As may be better understood by reference to the exploded views of
More particularly, and with reference to
In
In
In
In
In
It will be further apparent and appreciated that, in some embodiments, any number of centers may be selected, brought together in stackable form, and joined to comprise a bollard cover of the present invention. In some embodiments, a single center may comprise a plurality of reveals and/or accents. In other embodiments, no centers need be provided at all.
In further embodiments, one or more body, body connector, first center, second center, top, and bottom element may be consolidated or combined to form alternatively constructed, prefabricated, modular, stackable elements, as dictated by design, use, and/or application.
In any such further embodiments, one or more body, body connector, first center, second center, top, and bottom element may be joined according to one or more of the means of joinder depicted in
In yet further embodiments, an impact-rated bollard cover 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 of the present invention may take stand-alone form as a bollard, without need for use of, or attachment to, post P. In such embodiments, the overall length of the bollard cover would be increased to comprise sufficient length to embed the bollard cover into an appropriate concrete base, pad, or other surface. In some such embodiments, bottom 70, 470 could be omitted to allow better penetration and affixation into the concrete base, pad, or other surface.
Thus, it can now be seen that bollard coverings of the present invention overcome at least some of the deficiencies noted in the prior art, and meet at least some of the beneficial goals of the invention by providing bollard coverings fabricated according to a unique modular design and construction. Availability of a unique modular design and construction for bollard covering products is believed to provide for greater manufacturing efficiencies, and is believed to allow an enhanced diversity and greater number of bollard covering products to be available in the marketplace. Use of such unique modular design and construction for bollard covering products is believed to allow for greater numbers of customer-required configurations and more options, greater design flexibility, and lower costs, all of which are believed to be beneficial in providing those features, functions, and uses demanded in the modern marketplace, and at a more efficient price.
It will therefore be understood that the particular embodiments of the inventive subject matter set forth and described hereinabove is provided by way of illustration only, and is in no way meant to be restrictive. Numerous changes and modifications may be made, and the full use of equivalents resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present inventive subject matter, limited only as provided in the appended claims.
This United States non-provisional patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/797,609, filed on Jul. 13, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,359,730, issued on Jun. 7, 2016, which was continuation of, and claimed priority to and full benefit of, U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/445,827, filed on Apr. 12, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,115,474, issued on Aug. 25, 2015, which claimed priority to and full benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/474,521, filed on Apr. 12, 2011, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20160319502 A1 | Nov 2016 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61474521 | Apr 2011 | US |
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Parent | 13445827 | Apr 2012 | US |
Child | 14797609 | US |
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Parent | 14797609 | Jul 2015 | US |
Child | 15174741 | US |